Sugarcane Seedlings Research Articles

Effect of sett bacterization on sugarcane seedlings under greenhouse conditions

Sugarcane being major a cash crop suffers with inappropriate fertilization practices and excessive pesticide usage which leads in increased costs for farmers and poses environmental and public health risks. Research and practical interventions are critical for maintaining sugarcane yields while minimizing environmental impacts. In this context the efficacy of 40 root-colonizing bacterial strains in promoting sugarcane seedling growth was evaluated under greenhouse conditions. Single-node setts of sugarcane cultivar 2009A 107 were inoculated with bacterial suspension (10-9 CFU ml-1) and subsequently sown in a cocopeat-vermicompost mixture. Germination percentage, shoot length, and seedling vigour index (SVI) were assessed at 40 days post-sowing. Several Bacillus and Pseudomonas isolates demonstrated significant enhancements in these growth parameters compared to the untreated control. Notably, four bacterial strains Bacillus inaquosorum strain SRB2, Bacillus vallismortis strain SRB20, Pseudomonas chlororaphis subsp. aurantiaca strain SRP19 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain SRP20, previously identified for their antagonistic properties, exhibited particularly strong positive effects on SVI. These findings suggest that sett bacterization with selected bacterial isolates can be a promising approach to improve sugarcane seedling establishment and vigour.

Irrigation strategies of sugarcane seedlings from micropropagation and biofactory methods

The sugarcane industry has been suffering from unstable productivity on commercial fields. The major factors causing this problem are mechanized harvesting damage to cane clumps in the field and the slow process of releasing and adopting new sugarcane cultivars. By utilizing new micropropagation processes involving the extraction of apical meristem from new cultivars and biofactory methods for multiplying the material, it is possible to produce an extraordinary number of sugarcane seedlings to provide nurseries rapidly with new cultivars for planting on commercial fields. The goal of this study was to evaluate several irrigation strategies (IS) to determine the best one for supplying the biofactory sugarcane seedlings water requirements, under conditions of different volumes of substrate (VS): 56, 73, 93 and 125 cm³. The irrigation management experiment comprised eight IS based on different periods of accumulated reference evapotranspiration (ETo). We found that the irrigation application must occur at intervals below 30 mm of accumulated ETo. IS1 (maintenance of soil moisture at field capacity) results in a larger number of tillers, longer extension of the primary stalks, and enhanced dry matter (DM) yield independent of VS. The VS factor accounted for statistical differences in sugarcane survival rate and morphological characteristics, but only for low initial soil moisture conditions. The intermediate VS of 73 cm3 was the best option for plants to thrive in the field; larger VS (93 and 125 cm3) produced young plants with many leaves, which transpire a lot in the field, increasing the chances of early death under water stress after planting; the smaller VS (56 cm3) resulted in young plants with small root systems and minimal water reservoirs, resulting in lower survival under drought conditions.

First report of basal stem rot on sugarcane (var. Badila) caused by Sclerotium rolfsii in China.

Badila (Saccharum officinarum) is one of the important chewing cane in south China. During the year 2019-2020, as much as 60.2%-87.5% of sugarcane plants stem showed red rot developments were observed in the fields of Yongning District, Nanning city, Guangxi province. Symptomatic plants showed red rot at basal stem nodes and sheath, when the disease serious, the epidermis and aerial roots decomposed and exfoliated, then formed sclerotiums, the upper stem also occurred the symptom. Infected plant tissues were dissected into small pieces with 0.1 × 0.1cm in size and surface sterilized in 0.1% HCl2 for 2 min, followed by 75% ethanol for 30 s, rinsed three times with sterile distilled water. Then the tissues were placed onto potato dextrose agar (PDA) plates and incubated at 25 °C for 3 days. Numerous white globoid sclerotia were formed on PDA after 5 days of growth. The sclerotia (2 to 3 mm in diameter) were white at first and then gradually turned dark brown. Aerial mycelia usually formed many narrow hyphal strands 4 to 9 μm wide. Five uniform isolates were obtained from diseased sugarcane plants. Pathogenicity of representative strain W1 was confirmed by inoculating 120-day-old Badila plants grown in field. Five plants were inoculated with colonized agar discs (6mm in diameter) by applying toothpick tips to the lower part of the stem. Five non-inoculated plants served as control. The inoculated and non-inoculated plants were sprayed sterile water then incubated with plastic film for maintained high moisture. All the plants were placed inside of a growth chamber at 26 ± 2°C with a 14-h photoperiod and 80% relative humidity. All inoculated plants showed red rot at stem and sheath after 2 weeks, whereas the control plants were symptomless. By the third week, mycelium and sclerotia developed on the crown on the inoculated plants. The fungus was re-isolated from the artificially inoculated plants. To confirm the species-level identification, partial of the ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS), mitocondrial small subunit (SSU), and nuclear ribosomal large subunit (LSU) regions of representative strain W1 were amplified and sequenced using the primers pairs ITS1/ITS4 (White et al. 1990), ITS-Fu-F /ITS-Fu-R and SRLSU1//SRLSU2 (Kumar et al., 2016), respectively. The resulting ITS, SSU and LSU sequences were deposited in GenBank (GenBank accession no. MW620994, MW617878, and MW617872) and shared 99.42%, 100% and 100% sequence identity with Athelia rolfsii isolate (JN017199, OM319631, and MT225781). Phylogenetic analysis conducted with neighbor-joining (NJ) method using MEGA6.0 revealed that the isolate share a common clade with reference sequence of A. rolfsii in GenBank Data Library. Based on morphological and molecular characteristics, the fungus was identified as A. rolfsii (anamorph: Sclerotium rolfsii) (Paul et al. 2017; Paparu et al. 2020). Although S. rolfsii has been reported causing sugarcane sett rot in Australia (Bhuiyan et al., 2019) and seedlings of sugarcane in Indian (Gopi et al., 2023), as we know, this is the first report of sugarcane basal stem rot disease caused by this fungus in China. This study will be helpful for the prevention and control sugarcane basal stem rot in the future.

Foliar Application of Plant Growth Regulators Enhances Drought Tolerance by Modulating Growth and Biochemical Responses in Sugarcane Varieties

ABSTRACTPlant growth regulators (PGRs) improve crop growth and mitigate the adverse effects of drought stress. This study explores the effects of various PGRs including melatonin (MT), indole‐butyric acid (IBA) and gibberellic acid (GA3) on drought‐tolerant Zhongzhe 9 (ZZ9) and Xintaitang 22 (ROC22), as well as drought‐sensitive varieties Guitang‐44 (GT44) and Funong 41 (FN41) varieties. A pot experiment was conducted to evaluate the foliar application of these hormones alone or in combination on sugarcane seedlings under drought stress conditions. At the sixth leaf stage, drought stress was induced by reducing soil moisture to 40%–45% field capacity. Results showed that the drought‐sensitive variety GT44 had the highest plant height (17.97 cm), while PGRs application enhanced the relative water content (RWC) in FN41 by 0.96%. PGRs treatment also increased plant height by 33.98% and RWC by 3.26% compared to controls. MT application significantly increased chlorophyll a and b contents in FN41 by 4.82% and 4.51%, respectively. Antioxidant enzyme activities superoxide dismutase and peroxidase increased by 16.39% and 12.57%, respectively, indicating enhanced oxidative stress defence. Moreover, PGRs applications reduced hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde (MDA) accumulation, signifying decreased oxidative damages. The combinations of MT + GA3 and MT + IBA + GA3 significantly improved the plant growth attributes, antioxidant enzymes, osmolytes and reduced the accumulation of ROS and MDA content in both tolerant and sensitive varieties under drought stress. Thus, combined application of MT + GA3 and MT + IBA + GA3 treatments effectively mitigated drought stress in sugarcane seedlings, providing valuable insights for sustainable agricultural practices.

Enhancing Sugarcane Seedling Resilience to Water Stress through Exogenous Abscisic Acid: A Study on Antioxidant Enzymes and Phytohormone Dynamics.

Exogenous hormones play a crucial role in regulating plant growth, development, and stress tolerance. However, the effects of exogenous abscisic acid (ABA) on sugarcane seedlings under water stress remain poorly understood. Here, in this study, a pot experiment was conducted on sugarcane seedlings 4 weeks after transplanting, employing three treatments: control (normal growth), drought (water stress), and drought + ABA (foliar application of 100 μM ABA before water stress). The main objectives of this research are to understand the effects of exogenous ABA on sugarcane seedlings under water stress conditions and to assess the changes in antioxidant enzyme activity and phytohormone levels in response to exogenous ABA. Water stress was induced in the solution culture by adding 25% (w/v) polyethylene glycol (PEG) 6000 to the Hoagland solution. Leaf samples were collected at 3, 6, and 9 days after treatment, and the photosynthetic and biochemical responses of ABA-treated plants to drought stress were investigated. The indole acetic acid (IAA) activity of the ABA-treated drought plants is compared to that of drought plants. Moreover, the endogenous ABA levels of the ABA-treated drought plants were significantly enhanced by 42.2, 39.9, and 42.3% at 3, 6, and 9 days, respectively, compared to those of drought plants. Additionally, the proline content of the ABA-treated drought plants significantly increased by 45 and 80% at 6 and 9 days, respectively, compared to that of drought plants. The expression of the catalase 1 (CAT1) gene was increased in the ABA-treated drought plants by 2.1-fold, 0.7-fold, and 1.37-fold at 3, 6, and 9 days, respectively, compared to that in drought plants. Similarly, the expression of superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, and ascorbate peroxidase genes of the ABA-treated drought plants also increased compared to those of the drought plants. In conclusion, foliar application of ABA mitigated the negative effects of water shortage of sugarcane plants under water stress. Applying ABA improved the antioxidant defense system of sugarcane plants under drought stress, thereby enhancing their photosynthetic activities and productivity.

Association study of yield and its component traits in sugarcane seedlings

An experiment was carried out to investigate the relationship between specific quantitative characters and sugarcane yield at the Sugarcane Research Institute, Pusa, Bihar, in February 2022. Thirty sugarcane seedlings obtained from three different crosses along with check were subjected to estimation trait association by correlation and path analyses. Cane yield showed strong positive and highly significant correlation with single cane weight, number of millable canes per clump and brix percent at 12th month. There was also positive significant correlation of number of shoots per clump with cane yield. Path analysis revealed the highest positive direct effect of brix percent at 12th month on cane yield followed by brix percent at 10th month and cane diameter. However, number of shoots per clump had considerable negative direct effects and indirect positive effects through single cane weight and number of millable canes per clump on cane yield. The traits that provide considerable positive correlation and positive direct effects to cane yield could be used as selection indices for yield improvement in for further clonal generations.

Analysis and Testing of Pre-Cut Sugarcane Seed Stalk Sawing Performance Parameters

Sugarcane is an important economic crop in tropical and subtropical regions. Presawing planting is an important method for achieving automated and precise planting with sugarcane planting machines. The sawing process is a key stage in planting management, affecting not only the germination and survival rates of sugarcane, but also reflecting the mechanical performance of sawing. To reduce the peak sawing force and enhance the sawing surface quality of sugarcane seedlings, this study utilized a central composite experimental design method. Single-factor and multi-factor experiments were conducted with a specially designed sugarcane stalk sawing experimental rig to investigate the impact of factors such as the stalk diameter feeding speed, and sawing speed on the peak sawing force and sawing surface quality. Upon being developed and validated, multivariate mathematical regression models elucidated the relationships among these factors. The experimental results showed that the order of influence of each factor on the peak sawing force was the stalk diameter, feed speed, and sawing speed, while for the sawing surface quality, the sequence was the sawing speed, stalk diameter, and feed speed. Correspondingly, the determination coefficients for the peak sawing force and sawing surface quality prediction models were 0.9708 and 0.9675. With a maximum error of 7.6% for the peak sawing force and an average relative error of 7.1%, and a maximum error of 3.5% for the sawing surface quality and an average relative error of 2.83%, the calculated results from the regression models were in good agreement with the experimental findings. This indicates that the models are capable of quickly and accurately predicting the peak sawing force and sawing surface quality of sugarcane stalks under different conditions. The research findings provide valuable insights for the development and optimization of sugarcane stalk presawing equipment and related experimental studies.

Ferronickel mining slag on substrates for production of pre-sprouted sugarcane seedlings

Ferronickel mining slag on substrates for production of pre-sprouted sugarcane seedlings

Low-cost Nursery Media for Improving Germination of Chip Budded Seedlings for SSI

The quality and vigour of the chip budded seedlings are important components in SSI technology which in turn, depends on the nature of growing media. The most commonly used media for chip budded seedlings is pure coco peat which is a costlier one and availability is also restricted. Hence an alternate organic media to pure coco peat compressing low cost organic sources viz., Press mud, Coco peat, Coir pith, Town Compost and Vermicompost are essential to widespread this technology. Hence, an experiment was conducted at Sugarcane Research Station, Sirugamani in 2013-14 to find out suitable low cost media for producing vigorous seedlings of chip budded seedlings of Sugarcane. The experiment was conducted in RBD with 11 treatments comprising of different media with three replications. The treatments include Composted Coir pith :Vermicompost @2:1 ratio (T1), Composted coir pith + press mud @ 2:1 ratio (T2),Composted Coir pith :Vermicompost @3:1 ratio (T3), Composted coir pith + press mud @ 3:1 ratio (T4), Bagasse + Press mud @ 1:1 ratio (T5), Banana leaf compost: Press mud @1:2ratio (T6), Sugarcane trash Compost + press mud @ 1:1ratio (T7), Municipal Waste (Town Compost) + Sugarcane trash compost + Press mud @ 1:1 ratio (T7), Municipal waste (town Compost) + Sugarcane trash compost @ 1:1 ratio (T8), Composted Coir pith clone (Coco peat) (T9), Press mud alone (T10), Farm boon (composted press mud) (T11). Single budded chip buds from the healthy mother canes o TNAU Sugarcane Si 7 variety were prepared using bud chipper machine and the same was treated with 0.05% Carbendazim, Malathion 2% and Urea @ 1 for 15 minutes. The chip buds were shade dried for 2 hours and then planted in the pro trays filled with the media as per the treatments. The nursery media in different treatments were prepared using bud chipper machine and the same materials as per the treatments, half filed in the pro trays and the treated chip buds were planted in slanting position in the canes of the trays and then covered with the respective media. The trays were incubated for 5 days to induce sprouting and then kept under 50 % shade ned and water was sprinkled every day on the pro trays the grown up seedlings were observed for different growth parameters viz., Germination %, Survival percentage, Root and Shoot length, Shoot and root dry weight, dry matter production and vigour index.The results revealed that there was a significant difference on germination recorded at 20 DAS due to different nursery media tried. Higher germination of 66.93% was observed with T3 treatment (coir pith + Vermicompost @ 3: 1 ratio) It was on par with T6 treatment (Banana leaf Compost: Press mud % 1:2 ratio) and T10 treatment (Press mud alone). Regarding survival % recorded at 30 DAS, the higher revival % was recorded with T3 treatment. However, it was on par with T4, T5 & T10 treatments (Bagasse: press mud @ 1:2 ratio). The lower shoot length was recorded with T11 treatment where the nursery media of farm boon was used. There was no significant difference in influencing root length and number of leaves / seedling and root / shot ratio due to different treatments (nursery media) tried.

Silicon attenuates aluminum toxicity in sugarcane plants by modifying growth, roots morphoanatomy, photosynthetic pigments, and gas exchange parameters.

Aluminum (Al) inhibits growth and limits plant productivity in acidic soils. An important strategy to increase Al tolerance is the use of silicon (Si) nutrition. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the interactive role of Si in increasing the growth, physiological and morphoanatomy responses of sugarcane plants under Al toxicity. A 4 × 2 factorial scheme in a completely randomized design was used to study the impact of Si (2mM) on attenuating Al toxicity (0, 10, 15 and 20mgL-1, as Al2(SO4)3·18H2O) in sugarcane seedlings. After 45days, Al toxicity affected sugarcane growth by increasing Al uptake and accumulation, modifying root growth, thickness, and morphoanatomy, and decreasing pigment content, gas exchange parameters, and the number of adaxial and abaxial stomata. However, Si attenuated Al toxicity in the sugarcane seedlings by limiting Al uptake and transport to the shoots, causing positive changes in root morphoanatomy, higher pigment content, improving gas exchange parameters, thereby increased growth. Furthermore, cultivar 'CTC9003' showed beneficial impacts from Si supplementation than 'CTC9002', especially under Al toxicity. The findings of this study suggest that Si plays a notable role in improving anatomical and physiological aspects, particularly the growth of sugarcane seedlings under Al toxicity.

Preventive application of Si to control orange rust on varieties of sugarcane seedlings cultivated under greenhouse conditions

Among the several factors limiting sugarcane production, the occurrence and severity of diseases such as orange rust is one of the reason for replacing cultivars and the use of silicon (Si) can reduce the intensity of diseases caused by pathogens. This study was carried out to evaluate the effect of a preventive application of Si to suppress the intensity of orange rust caused by Puccinia kuehnii on sugarcane seedlings. Three experiments under house conditions have been conducted using a Randomized Block Design with two in a 2x5 factorial scheme (soil with and without Si application x five foliar treatments), with variety RB92-579 and SP81-3250, and a third study with 13 treatments (soil and foliar treatments) with variety SP-015503. RB92-579 showed higher dry mass without Si application in the soil whereas higher levels of Si content in plants and soil with soil treated with Si was verified. Foliar treatments showed higher values of height, dry mass, and Si uptake. The severity level of orange rust on SP81-3250 with soil treated with Si was lower than on untreated soil. SP-015503 showed a dry mass and Si uptake increase with foliar treatments, especially with silicic acid. K silicate and silicic acid showed lower severity of orange rust than the control and fungicide. Si was able to reduce the severity of orange rust and improve plant development even though it does not have effectiveness as a preventive treatment to control orange rust in one of the studied varieties.

Molecular mechanism of endophytic bacteria DX120E regulating polyamine metabolism and promoting plant growth in sugarcane.

Sugarcane endophytic nitrogen-fixing bacterium Klebsiella variícola DX120E displayed broad impact on growth, but the exact biological mechanism, especially polyamines (PAs) role, is still meager. To reveal this relationship, the content of polyamine oxidase (PAO), PAs, reactive oxygen species (ROS)-scavenging antioxidative enzymes, phytohormones, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic synthase (ACS), chlorophyll content, and biomass were determined in sugarcane incubated with the DX120E strain. In addition, expression levels of the genes associated with polyamine metabolism were measured by transcriptomic analysis. Genomic analysis of Klebsiella variícola DX120E revealed that 39 genes were involved in polyamine metabolism, transport, and the strain secrete PAs in vitro. Following a 7-day inoculation period, DX120E stimulated an increase in the polyamine oxidase (PAO) enzyme in sugarcane leaves, however, the overall PAs content was reduced. At 15 days, the levels of PAs, ROS-scavenging antioxidative enzymes, and phytohormones showed an upward trend, especially spermidine (Spd), putrescine (Put), catalase (CAT), auxin (IAA), gibberellin (GA), and ACS showed a significant up-regulation. The GO and KEGG enrichment analysis found a total of 73 differentially expressed genes, involving in the cell wall (9), stimulus response (13), peroxidase activity (33), hormone (14) and polyamine metabolism (4). This study demonstrated that endophytic nitrogen-fixing bacteria stimulated polyamine metabolism and phytohormones production in sugarcane plant tissues, resulting in enhanced growth. Dual RNA-seq analyses provided insight into the early-stage interaction between sugarcane seedlings and endophytic bacteria at the transcriptional level. It showed how diverse metabolic processes selectively use distinct molecules to complete the cell functions under present circumstances.

Efeitos da inoculação de Nitrospirillum amazonense e biofertilizante em cana-de-açúcar

ABSTRACT: In this study, we analyzed the hypothesis that the combination of Nitrospirillum amazonense strain BR11145 with biological fertilizer prepared using Microgeo® and native microbiome from location of the product application results in morphological and nutritional gains for the initial development of sugarcane plants and soil chemistry. For this purpose, pre-sprouted sugarcane seedlings were grown in a greenhouse mesocosm experiment using soil amended with nitrogen/phosphorus/potassium fertilizer. The experimental treatments consisted of: 1) biological fertilizer with the addition of N. amazonense (100 mL ha-1), 2) biological fertilizer without the addition of N. amazonense, 3) inoculation with N. amazonense at a dose of 100 mL ha-1 with 2x108 viable cell mL-1, 4) inoculation with N. amazonense at a dose of 200 mL ha-1 with 2x108 viable cell mL-1, and 5) control, without the addition of biological fertilizer and N. amazonense. The biological fertilizer was applied at dose of 300 L ha-1, which was split at planting (200 L ha-1) and in the post-emergence phase (100 L ha-1). After 164 days of planting, it was detected an increase in leaf length +3, number of green leaves, leaf area and sulfur content in the leaves of sugarcane plants that received the biological fertilizer with the addition of N. amazonense. In conclusion, the combination of N. amazonense with biological fertilizer revealed positive effects through morphological and nutritional characteristics in sugarcane plants during their early stages of development when compared to plants grown only with the inoculation of N. amazonense, biological fertilizer or mineral fertilizers, with few notable positive effects on soil chemistry.

Respon Pertumbuhan Bibit Tebu (Saccharum Officinarum L.) Pada Aplikasi Biostimulan Dari Ekstrak Bawang Merah

Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) is a plantation commodity that has an important role in the economy in Indonesia. The demand for sugar increases with the increase in population. Therefore efforts to increase sugar production by increasing the productivity of sugarcane, one of which is through the use of high quality seeds. Sugarcane Bud Chip seeds have the potential to produce sugarcane with high yields, but efforts to stimulate seedling growth really need to be increased. The use of natural Growth Regulatory Substances (PGR) from shallot extract needs to be tested on sugarcane seedlings because shallots contain the hormone auxin and vitamin B1 which are very necessary to increase the growth of sugarcane seedlings. Therefore this study aims to determine the effect of shallot extract concentration on the initial growth of sugarcane plants using the bud chip method and determine the best concentration. This study was conducted for 2.5 months and was designed using a non-factorial randomized block design with 5 concentrations of shallot extract including B0 (control/no extract); B1 (20%); B2 (40%); B3 (60%); B4 (80%). The parameters include the number of tillers, plant height, number of leaves, and root length. The results of this study indicated that the shallot extract gave a significantly different response to the growth of sugar cane seedlings, as seen in the parameters of the number of tillers, the number of leaves and root length. From the data obtained, shallot extract at a concentration of 40% was the best concentration for all parameters.

Genetic stability analysis of the temporary immersion bioreactors–derived sugarcane seedlings with simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers

Genetic stability analysis of the temporary immersion bioreactors–derived sugarcane seedlings with simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers

Design and Validation of a Variable-Rate Control Metering Mechanism and Smart Monitoring System for a High-Precision Sugarcane Transplanter

The current study aimed to design and test the accuracy of a variable-rate control metering mechanism (VRCMM) and a remote smart monitoring system (RSMS) for a precision sugarcane transplanter based on IoT technology. The VRCMM is used to operate the seedling metering device at different speeds using a stepper motor based on the travel speed, and the RSMS was employed to evaluate of the three basic parameters of seedling amount, optimum rate, and missed rate. Two types of sensors were used for detecting the sugarcane seedling (SS) and travel speed, including one ultrasonic sensor and one infrared RPM sensor. The study was performed at five travel speeds and four transplant spacings. The findings of laboratory tests showed that the mean record of the relative error between the desired stepper motor speed of the VRCMM and the real value was 3.39%, and it increased with increasing the travel speed. as Additionally, the speed regulation performance was in agreement with the transplanting index. The change in RSMS accuracy is obvious when the travel speed is high and the transplant spacing is small. The RSMS accuracy drops sharply, revealing a leaping change. In conclusion, the smart and intelligent designed sugarcane transplanter would be very useful in sugarcane production.

Respons Pertumbuhan Bibit Budset Tebu (Saccharum officinarum L.) Varietas VMC 86-550 pada Beberapa Konsentrasi dan Frekuensi Aplikasi Pupuk Organik Cair (POC) Urine Sapi

Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) is an important plantation commodity as the main raw material for producing sugar consumed in Indonesia. One of the varieties cultivated is VMC 86-550, but one of the technical obstacles to its cultivation is the slow and non-uniform growth of the seeds. Therefore, one effort to maximize the growth of budset seed varieties requires proper nutrition and contains growth-promoting hormones. Therefore, this study aims to determine the response of giving liquid organic fertilizer (LOF) from cow urine to the growth of VMC 86-550 sugarcane seedlings using the budset method. To find out the purpose, this study used a factorial randomized block design with a concentration factor of LOF of cow urine consisting of five levels (0%, 10%, 15%, 20%, and 25%). The second factor is the application frequency which consists of once every 2 weeks and once every 4 weeks, so there were 10 treatments and repeated three times. This study used a completely randomized factorial design and was analyzed using ANOVA if there was a significant influence followed by Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) at a 5% level using SPSS 20 software. Observation variables included plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves, number of tillers, and root length of sugarcane seedlings up to 90 HST. The results showed that the addition of cow urine LOF had an effect on the growth of sugarcane seedlings, both from the concentration and frequency of application, but the combination of the two did not have a significant effect on all observation variables.

An improved YOLOv5s model for effectively predict sugarcane seed replenishment positions verified by a field re-seeding robot

Sugarcane field re-seeding robot is a promising yield-enhancing technology proposed to solve the seedling absences in sugarcane fields. In this study, in combination with developing the sugarcane field re-seeding robot, an improved YOLOv5s model was proposed to detect sugarcane seedlings and predict seed replenishment positions. Firstly, field images of one-month-old sugarcane seedlings were taken at different light conditions as a dataset. Secondly, the Slim-Neck was introduced to replace the Neck network, which can reduce the complexity of the model while maintaining sufficient accuracy. Thirdly, the Efficient Channel Attention (ECA) module was added to the Backbone network to enhance the model's attention on critical feature information of sugarcane seedlings. Fourthly, the SCYLLA-IoU (SIoU) loss function was introduced to speed up the convergence of the proposed model. Lastly, a method for predicting seed replenishment positions was proposed and verified by the field tests. The experimental results showed that the mean average precision (mAP), precision, and recall of the improved YOLOv5s model were 93.1 %, 92.1 %, and 89.9 %, respectively, and the detection speed was 82 frames per second (FPS), which increased the mAP by 1.5 % and the detection speed by 12.3 % compared to the original YOLOv5s model. In addition, compared with Faster R-CNN, SSD, and YOLOv4-tiny models, the improved YOLOv5s model had a higher accuracy, faster detection speed, and less memory consumption. The field test showed that the real-time detection speed of the improved YOLOv5s model was 23 FPS in Nvidia Jetson TX2. The real-time detection precision of sugarcane seedlings was 97.2 %, and the recall was 86.7 %. The mean relative error between the numbers of seed replenishment positions predicted by the robot and that predicted by the human was 18.7 %. Consequently, the improved YOLOv5s model can efficiently and accurately detect sugarcane seedlings and predict seed replenishment positions. This technology provides valuable visual detection support for the sugarcane field re-seeding robot.

Pengaruh Asal Bahan tanam dan Macam Varietas tebu (Saccarum officinarum. L) Terhadap Pertumbuhan Vegetatif Bibit pada Potray

Sugarcane as a raw material for the sugar industry is included in plantation commodities which play an important role in the economy in Indonesia. Sugarcane plants are propagated conventionally by using stem parts that have buds. This conventional method has the disadvantage that it requires a longer time, requires a large area of nursery land and the resulting seeds are less uniform. In addition to mule seeds, there are sugarcane seeds from one bud, namely a single bud (Bud Set) and a single bud (Bud Chip). This study aims to determine the vegetative growth of sugarcane seedlings in pot trays based on the treatment of the origin of the planting material and the treatment of the use of various varieties and the relationship between the use of several origins of planting materials and the types of sugarcane varieties on the vegetative growth of sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) seedlings. This research was conducted from July to November 2022 at the Jember State Polytechnic on soil types associated with regosol latosol. The experimental design used was a factorial randomized block design (RAKF) consisting of 2 factors. The first factor is the origin of the planting material: Bud Chip (B1) and Bud Set (B2). The second factor is the variety of varieties consisting of the Cenning variety (V1), the GMP 04 (V2) variety, and the VMC 76-16 (V3) variety. The results showed that the original treatment of planting material had a significant effect on the vegetative growth of sugarcane in the parameters of sugarcane height (cm), number of leaves (strands) of sugarcane, and number of tillers (fruit). While the treatment of various varieties of sugarcane did not affect the vegetative growth of sugarcane on the parameters of height (cm), the number of leaves (strands), the number of tillers (fruit), and there was no interaction between the origin of the planting material and the types of sugarcane varieties on vegetative growth on the height parameter. seedlings (cm), number of leaves (strands), number of tillers (fruits

Respon Pertumbuhan Bibit Dua Varietas Tanaman Tebu (Saccharum Officinarum L.) Pada Beberapa Letak Mata Tunas Asal Bud Set Di Media Pottray

Sugarcane (Saccharum Officiarum L.) is a plant with high economic value, especially in developing countries with tropical climates such as Indonesia, because of the high sugar content in the stems. Preparation of seeds and determination of specific location superior varieties is one of the determining factors for the success of sugarcane cultivation. This research was conducted to determine the effect of bud location from bud set and several varieties on the growth of sugarcane seedlings. The research was conducted from July to December 2022, at the Jember State Polytechnic nursery using a two-factor Randomized Group Design (RAKF). The results showed that good germination growth came from the location of the scion buds. The location of the buds has a significant effect on the parameters of the number of leaves and the number of tillers. Kinds of sugarcane varieties had a significant effect on plant height (cm), number of leaves, number of tillers. The VMC 76-16 variety was the best for the number of leaves and plant height parameters, while the GMP 04 variety was the best for the number of tillers. The interaction of the effect of the location of the bud buds from the bud set and the variety of varieties had a significant effect on height growth (cm) at the age of 28 and 42 days after planting. The results of this study can be concluded that the location of the bud eye and the type of variety have a significant effect on the growth of sugarcane plants and there is a significant interaction on the plant height parameter.