Sugarcane Plants Research Articles

Expert System to Diagnose Stem Border in Sugarcane Plant with Certainty Factor Method

Abstract: Sugarcane (Saccharum Officanarum L) is an annual plantation crop, which has its own characteristics, because it contains sugar in its stems. Sugarcane belongs to the grass family (graminae) like rice, reeds, corn, bamboo and others. One of the problems that exist in sugarcane plantations at PT Perkebunan Nusantara II is stem borer pests. Losses due to borer attacks can be in the form of a decrease in sugarcane weight, yield and quality of the sap obtained. pests on sugarcane plants cause a decrease in sugar production of about 10%. There are three types of stem borer pests found in PT Perkebunan Nusantara II, namely shoot borer pests, striped stem borer pests, and giant stem borer pests. Meanwhile, biological control is by spreading natural predators of pests which will suppress the population of widespread distribution and breeding of pests which are commonly called parasitoids. Parasitoids will become predators of their respective hosts, so appropriate diagnostic therapy for stem borer pests is needed so that the spread of stem borer pests does not become more widespread and the parasitoids to be spread operate effectively. By using the Certainty Factor method, you can find out the types of pests that are attacking sugarcane plants. Based on manual calculations, the dipole yield was 79% on one of the selected pest types based on the symptoms induced in the sugarcane plant.

Optimizing Irrigation Water Scheduling of Sugarcane Planted Under Furrow Method with Trash Mulch Combinations for Enhancing Cane Productivity and Water Use Efficiency

Optimizing Irrigation Water Scheduling of Sugarcane Planted Under Furrow Method with Trash Mulch Combinations for Enhancing Cane Productivity and Water Use Efficiency

Performance Evaluation of 4-Wheel Tractor Driven 3-Rows Semi-automatic Sugarcane Planter

Performance Evaluation of 4-Wheel Tractor Driven 3-Rows Semi-automatic Sugarcane Planter

Modeling sugarcane development and growth within ECOSMOS biophysical model

Sugarcane plays an important role in electricity and sugar production and is a viable biofuel. Developing and optimizing a mechanism that can predict crop growth and yield at different spatiotemporal scales can promote the understanding of the effects of cultivation on the ecosystem, while providing options for optimizing management measures and improving the operational procedures of sugarcane growers. The main objective of this study is to integrate the sugarcane module into the ECOSystem MOdel Simulator (ECOSMOS) model and calibrate a parameter set for sugarcane genotypes groups (using different datasets); the model supports datasets that vary in complexity (from flux tower experiments to operational plots), while accounting for high genotype-by-environment-by-management (GxExM) variability. First, we calibrated the ECOSMOS biophysical and physiological parameters for the sugarcane module using two micrometeorological experimental sites, based on eddy-covariance and biomass measurements. Second, sugarcane genotypes located in different regions of contrasting climate conditions were split into two groups based on their period of harvest, i.e., early or mid-to-late harvest season, and two parameter sets were proposed. The sugarcane module was used to estimate the yield of numerous plots, using two different parameter sets, namely, the general and regionally-specific parameter sets. The model could successfully simulate the biophysical and physiological processes of the biomass of stalks and leaves, energy and carbon fluxes, and soil-water dynamics; for Experimental Site 2, the Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE) was 0.14–0.86 and the relative root mean square error (RRMSE) was 13–112. However, the generic parameter set did not perform well in all production environments, and the difference between the observed and simulated yields ranged from 0.9 to 14.5 (Mg ha-1). Hence, a novel calibration approach adopted in this study improved the module’s accuracy, while improving the performances for all five production environments, with the difference between the observed and simulate yields being 0.3–2.2 (Mg ha-1). Although the two parameter sets can be used as a reference for sugarcane plantations in Brazil, we recommend recalibrating the model (for ensuring higher accuracy) before operational applications. Notably, the ECOSMOS-sugarcane model is emerging as a complex ecosystem model that can support the quantifications and evaluations of the effects of sugarcane plantations on the carbon and water balances in different environmental conditions, particularly in tropical regions.

Diurnal and Nocturnal Insect Diversity in Sugar Cane Plantations in Paddy Area in Pagak District, Malang Regency

Paddy sugar cane plantations are a variation of the spatial layout of sugar cane plantations which have the characteristic that the land tends to be more humid. Insects are a part of the ecosystem and they play various ecological roles in it. Pagak District is a sugar cane-producing area with various types of land, one of which is paddy fields. This research aims to determine the diversity of diurnal and nocturnal insects on sugar cane plants in paddy fields in Pagak District, Malang Regency. This research was carried out in February – July 2023 on sugar cane plantations in the paddy fields of Pagak District, Malang Regency. The method used is a direct exploration method on 2 types of traps (yellow traps and light traps). The sampling technique was a purposive random sampling technique with varying times during the day and at night. Diversity index analysis in this study used the Shannon-Wiener formula. The results showed that in the yellow traps, the dominant species was Bactrocera dorsalis. Meanwhile, in the light traps, the dominant species is Scirpophaga nivella. Furthermore, the results of the analysis of the insect diversity index on sugar cane plants in paddy fields with temporal variations during the day are at a medium diversity level with a value of H' = 1.55. Meanwhile, sugar cane plants in paddy fields with night time variations are at a medium level of diversity with a value of H' = 2.56.

Diversity and Screening of Cellulolytic Microorganisms from Mangrove Forests, Natural Parks, Paddy Field, and Sugarcane Plantation in Panay Island, Philippines.

Cellulolytic microorganisms secrete cellulase, which plays a crucial role in the conversion of lignocellulosic biomass into value-added products with diverse applications in industries, such as biofuel, healthcare, and agriculture. As the world transitions to a bioenergy future, cellulase demand is likely to expand. However, the high cost and low catalytic activity of cellulase hinder the commercialization of biorefineries. Searching for cellulase-producing microorganisms in different environments through bioprospecting can aid in broadening the range of cellulases that are currently available. Meanwhile, the cellulolytic activity of marine microorganisms remains largely unexplored, making it difficult to compare the cellulolytic activity of terrestrial and marine environments. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the diversity and activity of culturable cellulolytic microorganisms in four terrestrial and three marine sites within Panay Island, Philippines. The results showed that the cellulolytic microbial load was tenfold higher in the terrestrial sites than in the marine sites, possibly due to the dynamic mangrove environment. Out of the 42 isolates with a high cellulolytic index (CI) of ≥3.0, 36 were from terrestrial and 6 from marine habitats. The CMCase, Avicelase, and FPase activities were then tested on the 18 isolates with the highest CI. It was observed that many isolates had a high CI, but few exhibited high enzyme activities. Marine isolates showed higher CMCase and Avicelase activities, with comparable FPase activity to their terrestrial counterparts. Isolates S1ACP6B from a sugarcane field and MS1OMP2A from a mangrove site exhibited the highest cellulase activities at 0.41 and 0.29 U/mg, respectively, and were identified as Enterobacter roggenkampii and Rhodococcus erythropolis, respectively. Among the 18 identified isolates, three are resistant to chloramphenicol and three isolates are potentially new species of Halomonas sp. MS1ACP1B, Albirhodobacter sp. MP2ACP3B, and Saccharomycetaceae sp. B1CZP10A. Overall, this study provides an insight on the composition of cellulolytic microbial load and their activities among various habitats.

Technological Innovation in Disease Detection and Management in Sugarcane Planting

Technological Innovation in Disease Detection and Management in Sugarcane Planting

A novel Leifsonia xyli subsp. xyli quantitative LAMP-based diagnostic correlated with sugarcane ratoon stunting disease rating

Context Ratoon stunting disease (RSD), caused by Leifsonia xyli subsp. xyli (Lxx), poses a significant economic threat to sugarcane (Saccharum hybrid) worldwide. RSD is hard to manage due to its elusive visible symptomology and disease rating of cultivars is subjective. Aims We aimed to develop a sensitive, rapid, and quantitative Lxx diagnostic method able to correlate Lxx titre and disease resistance rating of sugarcane cultivars. Methods A Lxx diagnostic method was developed using heat lysis-based reagent-free DNA isolation from xylem sap followed by loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP)-based colorimetric and fluorescence quantification within a single microcentrifuge tube. Bacterial titre was then statistically correlated with industry-agreed disease resistance ratings for key sugarcane cultivars. Key results The diagnostic was highly sensitive (1 cell/μL) and reproducible (%s.d. = <5%, for n = 3), and showed excellent linear dynamic range (i.e. 10 pM−1 aM or 107−100 copies/μL, r = 0.99) for quantitative Lxx detection. LAMP quantifications were completely concordant with quantitative polymerase chain reaction quantification from the same samples. Additionally, a strong correlation was determined between the detected quantitative bacterial titres and known cultivar disease resistance ratings (r = 0.82, n = 10, P < 0.001). Conclusion The novel LAMP-based Lxx diagnostic was validated as a fast, simple, and relatively cost-effective means of RSD resistance rating, making it a reliable contribution towards RSD management. Implications The development of this diagnostic tool provides a practical solution for accurately measuring Lxx titre and assessing disease resistance in sugarcane plants, aiding in effective risk management of RSD spread, and mitigating its economic impact on sugarcane crops worldwide.

Efeitos da inoculação de Nitrospirillum amazonense e biofertilizante em cana-de-açúcar

ABSTRACT: In this study, we analyzed the hypothesis that the combination of Nitrospirillum amazonense strain BR11145 with biological fertilizer prepared using Microgeo® and native microbiome from location of the product application results in morphological and nutritional gains for the initial development of sugarcane plants and soil chemistry. For this purpose, pre-sprouted sugarcane seedlings were grown in a greenhouse mesocosm experiment using soil amended with nitrogen/phosphorus/potassium fertilizer. The experimental treatments consisted of: 1) biological fertilizer with the addition of N. amazonense (100 mL ha-1), 2) biological fertilizer without the addition of N. amazonense, 3) inoculation with N. amazonense at a dose of 100 mL ha-1 with 2x108 viable cell mL-1, 4) inoculation with N. amazonense at a dose of 200 mL ha-1 with 2x108 viable cell mL-1, and 5) control, without the addition of biological fertilizer and N. amazonense. The biological fertilizer was applied at dose of 300 L ha-1, which was split at planting (200 L ha-1) and in the post-emergence phase (100 L ha-1). After 164 days of planting, it was detected an increase in leaf length +3, number of green leaves, leaf area and sulfur content in the leaves of sugarcane plants that received the biological fertilizer with the addition of N. amazonense. In conclusion, the combination of N. amazonense with biological fertilizer revealed positive effects through morphological and nutritional characteristics in sugarcane plants during their early stages of development when compared to plants grown only with the inoculation of N. amazonense, biological fertilizer or mineral fertilizers, with few notable positive effects on soil chemistry.

An Innovative Techniques on Disease Recognition Approaches in Sugarcane Plants Using Conventional Neural Network

In the current times, the number of contagions and infections in the sugarcane shops is widespread. However, we need to use artificial intelligence similar as CNN and RNN, if we want to duly correct these infections. thus, in this study, how to help the complaint in sugarcane using the CNN and RNN system is taken as a test. This model is trained on a different dataset of automatic opinion images, with a focus on addressing the essential class in discovery. The neural network armature is designed to capture intricate patterns reflective of sugarcane instantiations in automatic opinion images. Through an iterative training process, the model learns to discern subtle features associated with automatic opinion, achieving remarkable delicacy. The experimental results confirm the efficacy of our proposed methodology. It explores the numerous CNN infrastructures used for factory complaint discovery, including AlexNet, VGGNet, ResNet, InceptionNet, and DenseNet, as well as their pros and limitations. The check also discusses the significance of RNNs in factory complaint discovery, specifically in time- series data analysis, where RNNs have been shown to be useful in ratiocinating the spread of factory conditions over time. This report also provides a successful outgrowth for experimenters working on the creation of a recognition system for sugarcane conditions.

In-season Mapping of Sugarcane Planting based on Sentinel-2 Imagery

In-season Mapping of Sugarcane Planting based on Sentinel-2 Imagery

Molecular mechanism of endophytic bacteria DX120E regulating polyamine metabolism and promoting plant growth in sugarcane.

Sugarcane endophytic nitrogen-fixing bacterium Klebsiella variícola DX120E displayed broad impact on growth, but the exact biological mechanism, especially polyamines (PAs) role, is still meager. To reveal this relationship, the content of polyamine oxidase (PAO), PAs, reactive oxygen species (ROS)-scavenging antioxidative enzymes, phytohormones, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic synthase (ACS), chlorophyll content, and biomass were determined in sugarcane incubated with the DX120E strain. In addition, expression levels of the genes associated with polyamine metabolism were measured by transcriptomic analysis. Genomic analysis of Klebsiella variícola DX120E revealed that 39 genes were involved in polyamine metabolism, transport, and the strain secrete PAs in vitro. Following a 7-day inoculation period, DX120E stimulated an increase in the polyamine oxidase (PAO) enzyme in sugarcane leaves, however, the overall PAs content was reduced. At 15 days, the levels of PAs, ROS-scavenging antioxidative enzymes, and phytohormones showed an upward trend, especially spermidine (Spd), putrescine (Put), catalase (CAT), auxin (IAA), gibberellin (GA), and ACS showed a significant up-regulation. The GO and KEGG enrichment analysis found a total of 73 differentially expressed genes, involving in the cell wall (9), stimulus response (13), peroxidase activity (33), hormone (14) and polyamine metabolism (4). This study demonstrated that endophytic nitrogen-fixing bacteria stimulated polyamine metabolism and phytohormones production in sugarcane plant tissues, resulting in enhanced growth. Dual RNA-seq analyses provided insight into the early-stage interaction between sugarcane seedlings and endophytic bacteria at the transcriptional level. It showed how diverse metabolic processes selectively use distinct molecules to complete the cell functions under present circumstances.

Impact of different Meloidogyne species on the development of sugarcane plants.

This study aimed to evaluate the impact of Meloidogyne javanica, Meloidogyne incognita, and Meloidogyne arenaria on different aspects of the development of sugarcane plants under greenhouse conditions. For this purpose, seedlings of the RB867515 genotype were individually inoculated with 5,000 eggs + second-stage juveniles of their respective nematodes/plant, and non-inoculated plants were used as control. After 330 days of inoculation, the plants were removed from the pots, and the following characteristics were evaluated: fresh mass of the aerial part and root system; leaf area; leaf chlorophyll index; culm diameter; fresh mass of culms; broth volume; contents of neutral and acid detergent fiber, cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, apparent sucrose in broth, and reducing sugars in broth; total soluble solids concentration. Subsequently, the final population of nematodes in the root system of inoculated plants was determined to calculate the reproduction factor of nematodes. The results showed that all tested Meloidogyne species negatively affected plant development and the composition of some analyzed fractions, in comparison to the non-inoculated control. However, the presence of the root-knot nematode in sugarcane plants increased the contents of neutral and acid detergent fiber, cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, and reducing sugars, regardless of the Meloidogyne species.

Water Footprint of Bioethanol Production in Negros Occidental, Philippines

This study investigates the water scarcity implications of bioethanol production in Negros Occidental, Philippines. The water footprint (WF) of three bioethanol production scenarios was assessed, revealing respective values of 3,574 L L-1, 3,935 L L-1, and 4,293 L L-1 for Case 2 (molasses bioethanol), Case 3 (50% sugarcane and 50% molasses bioethanol), and Case 1 (sugarcane bioethanol). Predominantly, 99% of the total WF comes from sugarcane plantation activities, with the blue WF (freshwater use) accounting for a mere 1.3%, owing to predominantly rainfed sugarcane farms. Region VI, encompassing Negros Occidental, faces severe blue water scarcity at 41%, with projections indicating exacerbation unless water footprint mitigation strategies are implemented. Notably, the contribution of the bioethanol industry to the total WF of the region is only about 0.1%. Sensitivity analysis for varying sugarcane yield done revealed that increasing yield from 65 t ha-1 to 115 t ha-1 can significantly reduce WF to about 43%. This research underscores the need for water-efficient practices to address potential water scarcity of the region, while emphasizing the limited water scarcity impact of bioethanol industry.

Natural Occurrence of Fungi and Aflatoxins Associated Sugarcane Plant and Sugarcane Juice and Their Control

Sugarcane is one of the most important crops in the world. It is also considered the most popular fresh juice in Egypt. The sugar content of the sugarcane stem represents the main source of fungal growth. This study aimed to investigate the natural co-occurrence of fungi in sugarcane plants and juice, test of aflatoxins production by aflatoxigenic fungi, and improve the quality of sugarcane juice. The obtained results indicated a notable decrease in all physical parameters of the naturally infected sugarcane plants. Isolation of fungi from sugarcane plant and juice from three localities revealed that the highest mean fungal count was recorded in sugarcane rootlets (173.55 cfu/cm), followed by sugarcane stem (94.88 cfu/cm), while sugarcane juice had the least mean fungal count (24.33 cfu/mL). The frequency of the isolated fungi associated with sugarcane plant yielded 781 fungal isolates for rootlets, 427 fungal isolates for stems, and 219 fungal isolates for juice. Four isolates of Aspergillus parasiticus were aflatoxins producers. Higher aflatoxin quantity (1434.92 ng/mL) was produced by A. parasiticus (isolate No. 21) from sugarcane stem, while A. parasiticus (isolate No. 5) from sugarcane juice was less aflatoxins producer (276.95 ng/mL). On the other hand, lemon juice showed a significant reduction effect on the fungal count of peeled and non-peeled sugarcane juice. In which the highest reduction percent of the fungal count was recorded with 20% conc. of lemon on peeled sugarcane juice (36.04%).The obtained results concluded that lemon juice was found to decrease the fungal contaminants and improve the quality of sugarcane juice.

Advancement of microcontroller-based fire suppression system for enhanced safety in sugar cane plantations

The occurrence of accidental fires in sugarcane plantations is a significant cause of pre-harvest loss in the sugar industry, particularly during arid seasons. This paper introduces the conceptualization and implementation of a microcontroller-based prototype system for mitigating accidental fires in sugar cane plantations. The proposed system encompasses two distinct subsystems: the field monitoring and the fire control unit. The Field monitoring system, deployed within the sugarcane field, assumes responsibility for fire detection via smoke detectors, infrared detectors, as well as carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide detectors, which are accompanied by a fire extinguishing mechanism. Conversely, the fire control unit, installed at the fire brigade office, establishes wireless communication with the field monitoring system through the global system for mobile communication (GSM) network. Upon detecting a fire, the microcontroller promptly dispatches a fire alert to the fire brigade while simultaneously activating water pumps to suppress the fire until the brigade arrives to fully extinguish it. Furthermore, the fire control unit triggers the fire alarm and exhibits the global positioning system (GPS) coordinates of the burning field to facilitate precise localization. The proposed system uses the Arduino-Mega and Arduino- Leonardo microcontroller platforms and is programmed using the C++ programming language in Visual-Studio-Code software and the Arduino integrated development environment. Designed prototype can detect fires and alert the fire brigade in less than twenty seconds and activate water pumps in less than one second after fire detection.

Identification of Ergastic Subtances of The Order Poales

Ergastic objects are one of the non-protoplasmic components besides vacuoles. Ergastic objects in protoplasts can be solid and liquid.The purpose of the study was to determine how the structure and type of ergastic substances in plants of order poales. This research method includes descriptive research that describes the type and structure of ergastic substances in plants of order poales, the parts observed are bulbs, grains, stems to fruits that contain ergasticsubstances.Based on the results of research on the order of poales found that the order of poales has a diverse type of solid ergastics, such as amylum (starch) found in teapot grass plants (Cyperus rotundus), rice (Oryza sativa) and corn (Zea mays) with various shapes and types, there are also types of ergastic substances in the form of ca-oxalate crystals found in pineapple plants (Ananas comusus) and types of sugar-shaped egastic substances in sugar cane plants (Saccharum officinarum Linn).

Improved Modeling of Gross Primary Production and Transpiration of Sugarcane Plantations with Time-Series Landsat and Sentinel-2 Images

Sugarcane croplands account for ~70% of global sugar production and ~60% of global ethanol production. Monitoring and predicting gross primary production (GPP) and transpiration (T) in these fields is crucial to improve crop yield estimation and management. While moderate-spatial-resolution (MSR, hundreds of meters) satellite images have been employed in several models to estimate GPP and T, the potential of high-spatial-resolution (HSR, tens of meters) imagery has been considered in only a few publications, and it is underexplored in sugarcane fields. Our study evaluated the efficacy of MSR and HSR satellite images in predicting daily GPP and T for sugarcane plantations at two sites equipped with eddy flux towers: Louisiana, USA (subtropical climate) and Sao Paulo, Brazil (tropical climate). We employed the Vegetation Photosynthesis Model (VPM) and Vegetation Transpiration Model (VTM) with C4 photosynthesis pathway, integrating vegetation index data derived from satellite images and on-ground weather data, to calculate daily GPP and T. The seasonal dynamics of vegetation indices from both MSR images (MODIS sensor, 500 m) and HSR images (Landsat, 30 m; Sentinel-2, 10 m) tracked well with the GPP seasonality from the EC flux towers. The enhanced vegetation index (EVI) from the HSR images had a stronger correlation with the tower-based GPP. Our findings underscored the potential of HSR imagery for estimating GPP and T in smaller sugarcane plantations.

SOCIALIZATION AND TRAINING IN THE PRODUCTION OF BIOETANOL FROM SUGAR CANE IN LUBUK RUMBAI VILLAGE, RUPIT DISTRICT, MUSI RAWAS UTARA DISTRICT

This community service activity was carried out in Lubuk Rumbai Village, Rupit District, Musi Rawas Regency, targeting the people of Lubuk Rumbai Village. Most of the people of Lubuk Rumbai Village earn their living as farmers or planters, therefore it is considered very appropriate for lecturers to provide community service in Lubuk Rumbai Village. Considering the large number of sugar cane plants in the area. TIM invites local communities to process sugar cane plants in the form of molasses into bioethanol fuel. The local community's lack of knowledge and skills regarding the use of sugar cane molasses has made TIM interested in applying appropriate technology to utilize sugar cane molasses as an alternative energy source, namely bioethanol. With the presence of bioethanol, it is hoped that people will no longer depend on fossil energy considering that energy supplies are currently decreasing. Apart from that, when compared to energy from fossils, the use of bioethanol is more environmentally friendly because it comes from biological material. The method that TIM uses is the method of socialization and training on how to make bioethanol from sugar cane molasses. Based on the results of the skills questionnaire given by TIM to 15 respondents, it was found that 80% of the community were satisfied with this training activity.

Respon Pertumbuhan Bibit Tebu (Saccharum Officinarum L.) Pada Aplikasi Biostimulan Dari Ekstrak Bawang Merah

Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) is a plantation commodity that has an important role in the economy in Indonesia. The demand for sugar increases with the increase in population. Therefore efforts to increase sugar production by increasing the productivity of sugarcane, one of which is through the use of high quality seeds. Sugarcane Bud Chip seeds have the potential to produce sugarcane with high yields, but efforts to stimulate seedling growth really need to be increased. The use of natural Growth Regulatory Substances (PGR) from shallot extract needs to be tested on sugarcane seedlings because shallots contain the hormone auxin and vitamin B1 which are very necessary to increase the growth of sugarcane seedlings. Therefore this study aims to determine the effect of shallot extract concentration on the initial growth of sugarcane plants using the bud chip method and determine the best concentration. This study was conducted for 2.5 months and was designed using a non-factorial randomized block design with 5 concentrations of shallot extract including B0 (control/no extract); B1 (20%); B2 (40%); B3 (60%); B4 (80%). The parameters include the number of tillers, plant height, number of leaves, and root length. The results of this study indicated that the shallot extract gave a significantly different response to the growth of sugar cane seedlings, as seen in the parameters of the number of tillers, the number of leaves and root length. From the data obtained, shallot extract at a concentration of 40% was the best concentration for all parameters.