Sugar Research Articles

Assessment of Dietary Habits of Undergraduate Students with Acne

Acne vulgaris is one of the most widespread and distressing chronic skin diseases worldwide. It affects about 9.4% of the world’s population during a specific period of their life. Several underlying risk factors like poor dietary habits, family history and poor hygiene are known for acne development. Objective: To assess the dietary habits of undergraduate students with acne. Methods: It was a cross-sectional study including 173 undergraduate students from 3 colleges of Akhtar Saeed Group located at Canal Campus, Lahore. A self-designed questionnaire was used to assess dietary habits of acne participants after getting their written consent. The collected was analyzed by SPSS. Results: The results of this study showed that 54% of selected respondents had acne, with the majority having oily skin and females. The consumption of high glycemic index fruits, junk foods, oily foods, sugary foods, especially dark chocolates, sweetened beverages and milk was found to very high among the acne respondents. They consumed vegetables and whole grains very occasionally. Conclusions: This study concluded that diet has a very high impact in causing acne. Further studies are needed to be done in order to find a more comprehensive link between acne and diet.

Utilization of the internet for physical activity and diet information and its influence on pregnant women's lifestyle habits in Qatar.

Maintaining a healthy lifestyle during pregnancy is essential. With the increasing availability of the internet, pregnant women have access to a wealth of information related to physical activity (PA) and healthy diets. The study aims to investigate the extent of internet usage by pregnant women attending antenatal clinics in Qatar to obtain information about PA and healthy diets, identify associated factors, and evaluate the impact of this information on their lifestyle habits. A cross-sectional study was conducted in six randomly selected public antenatal clinics in Qatar. Pregnant women aged ≥18 years in any trimester were recruited using a probability sampling technique. Data were collected through self-administered questionnaires. Descriptive and analytic statistics were employed for data analysis. A total of 327 pregnant women (mean age of 29.5 years ± 4.0) completed and returned the questionnaire (response rate: 87.5%). Among the participants, 54.5% used the internet to obtain information about PA, while 72% sought online diet-related information. Factors such as age (26-35 years), tertiary education, employment status, and being primigravidae were associated with a higher likelihood of using the internet for healthy lifestyles information. Participants who reported using the internet for PA information a great deal were more likely to increase their PA during pregnancy compared to those who used it somewhat or very little (57.6, 26.8, and 5.0%, p < 0.001; respectively). Similarly, those who used the internet for diet information a great deal were more likely to increase their fruit and vegetable consumption compared to those who used it somewhat, or very little (84.2, 68.5, and 63.6%, p = 0.038; respectively). Also, participants who used the internet for diet information a great deal were more likely to decrease the amount of sugary and fatty foods they ate compared to women who used the internet somewhat or very little (61.4, 45.2, and 18.2%, p < 0.001; respectively) and (50.9, 30.4, and 18.2%, p = 0.001; respectively). Many pregnant women use the internet to access information about PA and diet, and greater use is associated with more positive lifestyle changes. This study provides useful information to consider when designing intervention programs for pregnant women about adopting and maintaining healthy lifestyles.

Enhancement effect of odor and multi-sensory superposition on sweetness.

The impact of sugary foods on public health has contributed to the development of low-sugar and sugar-substituted products, and sugar reduction has become a major challenge for the food industry. There is growing empirical evidence that odor can enhance the perception of sweetness without increasing the caloric load. This current review summarizes the researches on odor-induced sweetness enhancement published in recent years and discusses the mechanisms and influencing factors of odor-sweetness interactions. In addition, by combing existing studies, this paper also summarizes the research methods and strategies to investigate odor-induced sweetness enhancement. Finally, the feasibility of synergistic enhancement of sweetness through the superposition of odor with other senses (texture, visual, etc.) is also discussed and analyzed. In conclusion, odor-induced sweetness enhancement may present an alternative or complementary approach for developing foods with less sugar.

Tetes Tebu Menjadi Katalis Untuk Proses Pembuatan Biodiesel

Sugar cane is a plant that is processed into crystal sugar because it contains high sugar content. Sugar production produces waste, one of which is molasses waste. This study aims to obtain molasses into a catalyst using the carbonization method and the sulfonation method. The sulfonation method uses variations in the concentration of 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 N H2SO4 solution and variations in sulfonation time of 2, 4, and 6 hours to get the best molasses catalyst. Catalyst characterization includes surface acidity by acid-base titration, FT-IR, and SEM-EDX. This research also aims to produce biodiesel yield using the best molasses catalyst. The results of surface acidity analysis showed that the best molasses catalyst was obtained at 10 N H2SO4 concentration with 6 hours at 0.907 mmol/gr. FT-IR test results showed the presence of O=S=O functional groups at wave numbers 1149.74 cm-1 and 1038.57 cm-1. SEM and EDX analysis results showed that the molasses catalyst after sulfonation had smaller pores and more sulfur groups on the carbon sheet. The yield of biodiesel produced using a molasses catalyst was 84.51%.

How Could Taxes on Sugary Drinks and Foods Help Reduce the Burden Of Type 2 Diabetes?

Taxes on sugary drinks and foods have emerged as a key strategy to counteract the alarming levels of diabetes worldwide. Added sugar consumption from industrialized foods and beverages has been strongly linked to type 2 diabetes. This review provides a synthesis of evidence on how taxes on sugary products can influence the onset of type 2 diabetes, describing the importance of the different mechanisms through which the consumption of these products is reduced, leading to changes in weight and potentially a decrease in the incidence of type 2 diabetes. Observational studies have shown significant reductions in purchases, energy intake, and body weight after the implementation of taxes on sugary drinks or foods. Simulation studies based on the association between energy intake and type 2 diabetes estimated the potential long-term health and economic effects, particularly in low- and middle-income countries, suggesting that the implementation of sugary food and beverage taxes may have a meaningful impact on reducing type 2 diabetes and complications. Public health response to diabetes requires multi-faceted approaches from health and non-health actors to drive healthier societies. Population-wide strategies, such as added sugar taxes, highlight the potential benefits of financial incentives to address behaviors and protective factors to significantly change an individual's health trajectory and reduce the onset of type 2 diabetes worldwide, both in terms of economy and public health.

Validity and Reproducibility of Food Group-Based Food Frequency Questionnaires in Assessing Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Consumption Habits among Chinese Middle-School Students.

Assessing the intake of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) is crucial for reducing obesity; however, a simple but relatively accurate method for determining added sugar consumption among school adolescents is lacking. The aim of this study was to evaluate the reproducibility and validity of a food group-based food frequency questionnaire (FG-FFQ) for SSBs in assessing SSB consumption and added sugar among middle-school students. A total of 242 school students completed the FG-FFQs twice and four discontinuous 24-h dietary records (24HDR) over a three-month period. A weighted average approach was used to obtain the average sugar content in the sugary drink food group (FG). Correlation coefficient, weighted kappa statistic, misclassification analysis, and Bland-Altman plot were used to evaluate the validity and reproducibility of the FG-FFQ. Linear regression was utilized to obtain the calibration formulas. The average content of added sugar in sugary drink FG was 8.1 g/100 mL. SSB consumption frequency, consumption amount, and added sugar had correlation coefficients of 0.81, 0.87, and 0.87, respectively, in the validity analysis (p < 0.05). The majority of scatter plots were covered by 95% confidence intervals in the Bland-Altman bias analysis. The intra-class correlation coefficient of SSB consumption frequency and Spearman correlation coefficient of SSB consumption amount and added sugar were 0.74, 0.81, and 0.90, respectively, in the reproducibility analysis (p < 0.05). Results produced by the FG-FFQ calibration formula were more comparable to 24HDR. The FG-FFQ for SSB consumption showed acceptable validity and reproducibility, making it a viable instrument for epidemiological studies on sugary drinks in adolescents.

Carious status and socio-behavioral risk factors among 12 year-old children in South-Central region in Romania

BackgroundRegular screenings at children population level are necessary in order to assess communities’ need for education, prevention, as well as early detection and intervention programs The study aims to assess dental caries experience and oral health-related behaviors among Romania children from the South and Central region.MethodsThe cross-sectional study conducted in 2019–2020 is part of the national survey “Romanian Oral Health Survey”, under the endorsement of the World Health Organization (WHO). The stratified, randomized and representative sample included 98 children of 12 years of age. The assessment included a clinical examination, using International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS) and the Oral Health Questionnaire for Children recommended by the World Health Organization.ResultsResults revealed that the frequency of caries-free children among 12 year-olds was 36.7% and the mean DMFT was 2.89. Regarding the oral health-related habits, 38.8% of children brushed twice daily; the consumption of sugary foods multiple times per day has been frequently met and 11.2% at the age of 12 never visited the dental office.ConclusionsThe findings revealed that caries prevalence was high and behaviors negatively influence oral health. The presented data are of utmost importance for Romanian policy makers to promote oral health education among children, to support consistent preventive oral health campaigns and to stimulate dental attendance, irrespective of children’ living areas or gender.

A model-based supersaturation estimator (inferential or soft-sensor) for industrial sugar crystallization process

The degree of supersaturation of the mother liquor is a key factor in improving the monitoring and control of the final stage of industrial sugar crystallization. However, the difficulty of obtaining online supersaturation measurements is one of the challenges associated with monitoring and controlling sugar crystallization. There is no direct method or single instrument for measuring supersaturation. It can only be calculated or inferred from other measurements. In the literature, estimators of mother liquor supersaturation are reported, typically focused on the first stage of crystallization. The SeedMaster series transmitters are the sole industrial instruments that provide online supersaturation information by calculating it from external measurements. The purpose of this study is to design a first-principles model-based soft-sensor as a practical alternative to obtain real-time information about supersaturation in the last stage of sugar crystallization. The proposed estimator relies on two models: a supersaturation model and a second simplified model of the last stage of crystallization. The parameters of both models were estimated based on real industrial data. The estimation is performed in three steps: 1. An Unscented Kalman Filter estimates the states of the crystallization model and their variance. 2. The estimated supersaturation value is obtained by substituting the estimated states into the supersaturation model. 3. The estimator’s bias, and variance are calculated to establish error bounds. The main characteristics of the obtained estimator are: practical unbiasedness, nearly minimum variance and robustness. The performance and behavior of the supersaturation estimator are contrasted using real data from an industrial crystallization plant (Urbano Noris factory, Holguín, Cuba). Regardless of its initial conditions, the estimator converges to the three standard deviation error band in less than three minutes. The exact time may vary depending on how much the estimator’s initial conditions deviate from those of the process. After this time (Reach Time), the estimates remain within the calculated error limits of three standard deviations. The maximum absolute errors obtained were less than 0.019 units, corresponding to a maximum relative error of less than 1.5%. These values are favorable since they are well below critical values (0.125 units of absolute error). Moreover, the error bands are much smaller than the operating zone width (approximately 0.25 units), which is a necessary condition for any supersaturation estimator to be useful. Finally, it should be noted that the errors have been reduced compared to the values reported in previous research focused on the sugar industry using other techniques.

Prevalence of Dental Caries among Adult Patients in Bungoma County, Kenya

Globally, dental caries has affected nearly 100% of adult teeth. Dental caries is caused when microbial biofilm converts free sugar contained in such foods and drinks into acid which corrodes the tooth structure. In Kenya, the prevalence is 34%. This high prevalence has led to the negative impact associated with the disease. Therefore, this study’s main aim was to determine the prevalence of dental caries among adult patients in Bungoma County, Kenya. This study was conducted in Bungoma County and adopted a cross-sectional design. The target population was adult dental patients and the key informants were the dentist and dental technologist. Participants were selected using multistage sampling techniques. The sample size of 347 dental patients was arrived at using Cochran’s formula. Data were collected using the WHO-modified assessment questionnaire. WHO DMFT index checklist was also used. Data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics with the aid of the Statistical Package for Social Sciences 25.0. Data were presented using tables and figures. Logistic regression was used to determine the direction of the association at the significance level set at 0.05. Thematic analysis was used to analyse qualitative data. The researcher observed the ethical principles applicable to the study. The prevalence of dental caries among adult patients was 43.7% with a mean total DMFT index of 3.249 which signifies a moderate distribution among the adult population. Kimilili sub-county hospital had a moderate mean DMFT index of 4.47 and Webuye County hospital had a low mean DMFT index of 1.585. Dental caries was more prevalent in youths aged between 18 years to 35 years (60.1%). Moreover, the female gender has more dental caries prevalence at 57.4% as compared to male patients. The prevalence of dental caries is more prone among the rural (56.8%) as compared to the urban (43.2%). According to incomes, individuals who earn more than Ksh. 23,750 have a higher prevalence of 65.6%) than those who earn less than Ksh. 23,750 (34.4%). Dental caries is more prominent in the lower jaw. Those who do not brush their teeth were 4 times more likely to develop dental caries as compared to those who practise good oral hygiene practices (OR =3.0). Those who consume sugary foods and drinks frequently (OR: 2.4) and those who smoke tobacco (OR: 2.0) were times more likely to develop dental caries compared to those who did not consume sugary foods and smoke tobacco. Conclusion: The prevalence of dental caries among adults is moderate with the prevalence being higher in youths, female, low-income earners (&lt; ksh.23,750) and rural dwellers. In terms of the jaws, the lower jaw is more susceptible to caries attack compared to the upper jaw and also the posterior teeth (premolar and molars) are more susceptible to caries compared to the upper jaw. Recommendation: There is a need to conduct a community-based campaign even through Chiefs’ Barazas on the importance of proper oral hygiene practices in Bungoma County.

Decoding early childhood caries: an in-depth analysis of YouTube videos for effective parental education.

To assess the coverage of information about early childhood caries (ECC) available on YouTube videos in three different languages, regarding technical characteristics of videos and interaction metrics. Search strategies were developed in English, Spanish, and Portuguese to make a comprehensive collection of videos from YouTube, encompassing 60 samples for each language, regarding all video types. The videos were assessed by a thematic checklist regarding 17 items on ECC. Videos were dichotomized according to the median of the thematic score and the nature of their authorship (health and non-health authors) to compare groups. The statistical analysis was performed using the Statistical Package for Social Science (version 25.0), applying Spearman's rank correlation coefficient and Mann-Whitney U test. P < 0.05 values were considered significant. Among 120 videos meeting inclusion criteria, ECC aetiology and prevention information proved incomplete, with a median score of 5 (Q1-Q3 = 3-7). No correlation emerged between this score and other video characteristics. However, interaction metrics like views, likes, dislikes, and viewing rates displayed significant correlations. Health authors primarily created these videos, yet non-health author channels had more subscribers. Surprisingly, videos focused on the impact of regular sugary food and beverage consumption on ECC progression received the most attention. Videos that presented information about the aetiology and prevention of ECC invariably focused on partial aspects of the disease. This highlights the need for better-quality educational videos and the importance of dental professionals in guiding patients toward reliable sources of information.

Associations between protein to non-protein ratio and intakes of other dietary components in a cohort aged 65-75 years: the Nutrition for Healthy Living Study.

Diets with a low proportion of energy from protein have shown to cause overconsumption of non-protein energy, known as Protein Leverage. Older adults are susceptible to nutritional inadequacy. The aim was to investigate associations between protein to non-protein ratio (P:NP) and intakes of dietary components and assess the nutritional adequacy of individuals aged 65-75 years from the Nutrition for Healthy Living (NHL) Study. Cross-sectional. Nutritional intakes from seven-day weighed food records were compared with the Nutrient Reference Values for Australia and New Zealand, Australian Guide to Healthy Eating, Australian Dietary Guidelines and World Health Organisation Free Sugar Guidelines. Associations between P:NP and intakes of dietary components were assessed through linear regression analyses. NHL Study. 113 participants. Eighty-eight (59 female and 29 male) with plausible dietary data had a median (interquartile range) age of 69 years (67-71), high education level (86 %) and sources of income apart from the age pension (81 %). Substantial proportions had intakes below recommendations for dairy and alternatives (89 %), wholegrain (89 %) and simultaneously exceeded recommendations for discretionary foods (100 %) and saturated fat (92 %). In adjusted analyses, P:NP (per 1 % increment) was associated with lower intakes of energy, saturated fat, free sugar and discretionary foods and higher intakes of vitamin B12, Zn, meat and alternatives, red meat, poultry and wholegrain % (all P < 0·05). Higher P:NP was associated with lower intakes of energy, saturated fat, free sugar and discretionary. Our study revealed substantial nutritional inadequacy in this group of higher socio-economic individuals aged 65-75 years.

ENERGY AND CLEAN WATER POTENTIAL IN A CLOSED SYSTEM SUGAR FACTORY

The production and demand for sugar in Indonesia increases every year. This condition has the potential to make the sugar factory a model of a closed system sugar factory, because the increase in white crystal sugar (GKP) production will increase the by-products (bagasse, filter cake, molasses and wáter). The closed system sugar factory is a GKP factory integrated with the power generation and clean water treatment industries. In this model, the raw material for sugar cane is not only used as sugar but also as a source of renewable energy and clean water. The purpose of this study was to analyze the potential utilization of by-products in the form of bagasse, filter cake, molasses and water in white crystal sugar factories. The research method is mass balance using input, process and output data at the sugar factory and secondary data. The results of this study have provided information about the potential for energy and water in closed system sugar production. The energy potential for power generation from blotong is 1 730.2 MJ/ton GKP, molasses is 5 939.0 MJ/ton GKP. The energy consumption at the power plant from blotong is 56.1 MJ/ton GKP, molasses is 408 MJ/ton GKP. The potential for clean water from water treatment for 1 ton of GKP is 4.6 tons, equivalent to 0.4 tons of clean water per ton of sugarcane.

IMPLEMENTASI PROGRAM PEMBERDAYAAN ANAK JALANAN PADA DINAS SOSIAL KOTA PROBOLINGGO (Studi Kasus Gelandangan, Pengemis dan Pengamen Kota Probolinggo)

The purpose of this research is to find out and describe the implementation of the Street Children Empowerment Program at the Probolinggo City Social Service and to find out what programs are related to street children empowerment carried out by the Probolinggo City Social Service. This research method uses a qualitative approach with a qualitative descriptive research type, this research method uses interviews and the sample is determined using observation and documentary techniques, data analysis of information collection, data reduction, data presentation at the final stage of drawing conclusions. The Probolinggo City Social Service has a strategy for dealing with street children such as providing guida to street children, increasing guidance to families of street children, skills for street children, namely through screen printing, sewing and computer training programs with this program being very beneficial for street children and street children have creativity. There is also a basic food assistance program for street children, namely assistance with sugar, cooking oil or other basic food assistance with this basic food assistance for the concern of the Probolinggo City Social Service for street children. This strategy was implemented in an effort to provide provisions for street children so that they can interact and have better ethics in society in accordance with decency.&#x0D; Keywords : Program Implementation, Empowerment, Streer Children.

59. Salty vs. sugary food industry leftovers in post-weaning piglets: Effects on gut microbiota and intestinal volatile fatty acid production

59. Salty vs. sugary food industry leftovers in post-weaning piglets: Effects on gut microbiota and intestinal volatile fatty acid production

The Influence of Eating Habits on Type 2 Diabetes in Saudi Arabia: A Systematic Review.

Several dietary factors are associated with an increased risk of diabetes in Saudi Arabia. The increasing consumption of processed and sugary foods, including fast food and sugary beverages, in recent decades along with the rising prevalence of diabetes indicate the necessity of exploring the influence of eating habits on diabetes in Saudi Arabia. That is why the association between eating habits and diabetes in Saudi Arabia has become a topic of increasing interest. Therefore, this systematic literature review aimed to explore the influence of eating habits on the prevalence of diabetes in Saudi Arabia by providing a comprehensive synthesis of existing evidence from studies conducted on this topic in Saudi Arabia. A systematic search was conducted using predefined search terms in electronic databases, including PubMed, Embase, Medline, Google Scholar, and Scopus. Studies investigating the relationship between eating habits and diabetes prevalence among the Saudi Arabian population were included. Data extraction was performed, and the quality of included studies was assessed using appropriate tools. The findings were synthesized and discussed. Understanding the association between eating habits and diabetes in Saudi Arabia is crucial for developing effective preventive and management strategies for diabetes and other non-communicable diseases and promoting healthier eating habits in Saudi Arabia.

Dental caries in the Myanmar population: Findings from the first national oral health survey in 2016-2017.

This study aimed to investigate the dental caries status of indicator age groups as mentioned in the WHO pathfinder methodology, compare caries experiences among those age groups according to gender and geographical location, and assess the association between dental caries and related risk factors in primary and permanent dentition. A sample of 5928 participants aged 6, 12, 15-18, 35-44 and 60-74 years were recruited from 21 selected townships in the first Myanmar national oral health survey. Clinical oral examinations and questionnaire-based surveys were conducted from December 2016 to January 2017. The prevalence of dental caries in primary teeth was 85.3% with a mean dmft of 5.7 at age 6 years. The prevalence of dental caries in permanent teeth and mean DMFT were 36.5% and 0.8 at 12 years, 43.8% and 1.1 at 15-18 years, 64.7% and 3.0 at 35-44 years, and 93.6% and 11.5 at 60-74 years. Missing teeth were higher in 60-74-year-olds, with 27 participants being fully edentulous. There were significant differences in caries experiences between males and females aged 15-18, 35-44 and 60-74 years. In the adjusted logistic regression, consumption of sweets or candies three times or more a day showed significantly higher risks of dental caries in primary teeth. Age, gender, consumption of sweets or candies and consumption of sweet drinks were associated factors for dental caries in permanent teeth. The findings from the first national oral health survey indicate that caries in primary teeth is an important oral health problem for Myanmar children. Tooth loss was also found to be a concern in the aging population. National oral health policies and strategies need to be developed to promote awareness and understanding of oral health, in particular the role of risk factors such as sugary foods and drinks in tooth decay in children and adults.

Sweet dreams are not made of this: no association between diet and sleep quality.

Numerous studies have emphasized the significance of nutrition on the quality of sleep, but few have evaluated the effect of various coexisting dietary markers on middle-aged adults. We assessed the association between sleep quality and a large array of dietary markers among middle-aged, community-dwelling participants. Data from the first, second, and third follow-ups of CoLaus|PsyCoLaus, a population-based study in Lausanne, Switzerland, was used. Sleep quality was assessed by the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Dietary intake was assessed by a validated food frequency questionnaire. Data from 3857 (53% women, 57.2 ± 10.4 years), 2370 (52% women, 60.7 ± 9.5 years), and 1617 (52% women, 63.5 ± 9.0 years) participants from the first, second, and third follow-ups was used. Bivariate correlations showed fish, vegetables, fruit, and cheese intake to be associated with a better sleep quality (lower Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index), while rusks, sugar, and meat intake were associated with a poorer sleep quality (higher Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index). After multivariable adjustment, participants reporting poor sleep quality (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index > 5) had a lower Mediterranean diet score and a lower likelihood of complying with the meat and fish recommendations, but the results were inconsistent between surveys. No association was found between sleep quality and macro- or micronutrients in the three surveys. No consistent associations were found between a large panel of nutritional markers and sleep quality. Components of the Mediterranean diet such as dairy, fruits, and vegetables might favor good sleep quality, while increased consumption of sugary foods or meat might favor poor sleep quality. Oliveira JL, Marques-Vidal P. Sweet dreams are not made of this: no association between diet and sleep quality. J Clin Sleep Med. 2023;19(12):2005-2014.

Drying kinetics in cantaloupe melons dehydrated by osmosis, accompanied by conventional drying

Melon is considered a product of high commercial value, but its post-harvest shelf life is short at room temperature. As an alternative to reducing postharvest losses, osmotic dehydration arouses interest as a pre-treatment for fruit drying. The present work aimed to obtain the drying curves in osmotically dehydrated melons, followed by conventional drying. A syrup was prepared using crushed crystal sugar up to a concentration of 30 ºBrix, in the proportion 2:1 syrup/fruit, drying was at 50ºC and drying curves were determined as a function of weight losses per gram of the samples during the process until constant weight. The results showed that for both treatments, it is possible to observe a characteristic curve that decreases over time, with treatment 2, with the use of osmotic solution a lower loss of mass (g) during drying. The R² regression coefficients presented values of 0.7878 for treatment 1, and values of 0.848 for treatment 2. The melons treated with osmotic solution showed higher solids gain at the end of the drying process and better fit to the experimental drying data.

Some Economic Aspects of Sugar as a Strategic Commodity in Egypt

The research aims mainly to study Egyptian food security of sugar through studying of several sub-objectives represented in: estimating some economic indicators of sugar in Egypt during the period (2008- 2020), studying of the most important indicators of food security of sugar, estimating the size of the food gap of sugar and knowledge of the most important factors responsible for, and studying the policies and means to achieve food security of sugar in Egypt. Descriptive and quantitative analysis were used. The study depends on secondary data, which collected from local and foreign sources during the period (2008- 2020). The conduct study shows that the most important variables specific to the food gap of sugar are all from the local production of sugar and domestic consumption of sugar where it was found that the impact of each of these two variables on sugar gap be negative. The study showed that the strategic stock of sugar is estimated at 1.15 million tons and the average national consumption of sugar is estimated at 2.17 million tons during the study period (2008-2020) with an annual average during that period , therefore, coefficient of sugar food security estimated at about 0.37, therefore it requires to take various actions that would lead to increase the size of the sugar strategic stock to enough half of it needs for domestic consumption even come close to the value of coefficient of food security, from suitable coefficient of sugar food security. The study showed that the policies and means to achieve sugar food security include horizontal agricultural development policy, vertical agricultural development policy, the policy of rationalizing the consumption of sugar, policy of consumer subsidy of sugar, and the policy of diversifying sources of imported sugar. In the light of the results of the study illustrated by research it has been possible to reach some of the following recommendations: 1- It is necessary to intensify efforts to agricultural extension and agricultural research centers in collaboration with factories engineers and agriculture departments and supervisors agricultural awareness of the importance of agriculture resistance to pests and diseases that affect the crop, and help them get on pesticides is harmful to the environment to do so. 2- Increasing of sugar production through the expansion of sugar crops, particularly sugar beet to the lack of water needs compared to sugar cane harvest in the new land. 3- Increasing of sugar productivity crops through dissemination of sugar varieties of high productivity and to suit every center of administrative centers in Egypt. 4- Rationalizing the consumption of sugar during dismiss the size of the loss of sugar. 5- to achieve food security has to be the need to develop awareness programs for the application of planning policy breeds where it is one of the most important determinants of the demand for i Egyptian imports of sugar. 6- it is important to put a national strategy to increase the self-sufficiency ratio of sugar with the need to import and distribute the amounts of diversification between different sources in order to avoid what might happen from political pressure in favor of the Egyptian economy is in the case of international political conditions change. 7- It is necessary to study the reduction commitments of support granted to the production and export in the sugar-exporting countries in order to reduce the negative effects on the Egyptian Saving.

Development of a machine learning regression model for accurate sugarcane crop yield prediction, Jinja – Uganda

Sugarcane is one of the key crops grown worldwide and used for sugar processing, food, alcohol, biogas, fertilizer, and other products. There is a problem with Sugarcane yield prediction, yields aren’t accurately predicted, and this creates an impact on yields. This research looks at identifying methods used for the prediction, design, development, and evaluation of the three machine learning regression models used for predicting sugarcane yields in Uganda. This research was implemented using Data Science methodology, several machine learning algorithms for prediction of yields on dataset have been analyzed. The collected and analyzed dataset in this research had one output/ dependent variable and eight independent variables. The algorithms used to develop the prediction models are the Multiple Linear Regression algorithm, Decision Tree Regression algorithm, and Random Forest Regression algorithm to predict the output. The dataset of 3 years, 2019, 2020, and 2022 was considered and merged to train and test the model at a ratio of 80% to 20%. The accuracies of the individual models were compared after training, testing the dataset, and evaluation. The multiple Linear regression model results indicate that out of 100%, the model accuracy was 76.5%, the Decision Tree Regression Model scored 89.2%, Random Forest Regression Model was 94.6%. The random forest model came out as the best model. The Random Forest model has a percentage improvement of 60.4%. In future research, researchers can work on, A web-based machine learning model, Deep learning methods used to improve the model and more data can be used to improve the accuracy