Sugar Palm Research Articles

Thermomechanical properties of bio-nanocomposite film based on sugar palm starch/chitosan nanoparticles matrices loaded with N-CQD from dragon fruit peel extract

Thermomechanical properties of bio-nanocomposite film based on sugar palm starch/chitosan nanoparticles matrices loaded with N-CQD from dragon fruit peel extract

Analysis of Leading Commodities of Plantation Sub-Sectors in Tanah Laut District, South Kalimantan Province

Leading commodities are crucial for understanding the potential of commodities in both national and international markets. Exceptional products can serve as distinct catalysts for regional growth. This study aims to investigate potential alternative plantation commodities, assess the development of production growth rates, analyze regional market share growth, proportional growth of net commodity growth in the plantation sub-sector, and identify the position of plantation sub-sector commodities in Tanah Laut District. Time series data from 2013 to 2021 were utilized, employing Shift Share Analysis, Location Quotient (LQ) Analysis, Dynamic Location Quotient (DLQ) Analysis, and Klassen Typology. The analysis revealed that although palm oil and cloves are basic commodities, they are experiencing a decline in perspective, whereas rubber, coconut, sugar palm, coffee, and pepper are prospective commodities for future development. Shift Share Analysis concluded that the regional market share growth of palm oil has good competitiveness and a positive Proportional Growth value, with coffee and sugar palm exhibiting rapid growth. Klassen Typology Analysis indicated that coconut, coffee, pepper, and sugar palm fall within the category of advanced but pressured sectors, while palm oil is categorized as a potential sector.

Penampang Anatomi dan Pertumbuhan Apokol Tanaman Aren di Kecamatan Pulau Punjung Kabupaten Dharmasraya (Arenga pinnata L)

The sugar palm plant is a potential plant because almost all parts of the sugar palm tree are useful and can be used for various needs,starting from the roots,stems,leaves, fibers and its products (nira, starch or flour, and fruit)the main product of the sugar palm plant is nira which is processed into various products, such as sugar,alcohol,and biofuel.Sugar palm plants generally live in tropical environments).Sugar palm is a type of palm plant that has a very wide distribution in Indonesia, with an area of 62,009 ha, consisting of Sumatra with an area of 15,802 ha, Java 19,757 ha, Bali 587 ha, NTB 1,816 ha, Kalimantan5,401 ha, Sulawesi16,951 ha and Maluku 1,696 ha. Sugar palm seeds consist of seed coat (testa), endosperm, and embryo, and the embryo becomes a food reserve for apokol. Apokol is a white coral tissue where shoots and roots grow, appearing 2-4 weeks after planting.The development of the potential of sugar palm has problems related to the availability of sugar palm seeds which are currently still hampered because the nature of sugar palm seeds is waterproof so that it will inhibit the ability of the seeds to germinate. The growth process of sugar palm beginswith the emergenceapokol after that shoots will appear in the germinations. But no ideal apokol was found thatlong in determining the process of shoot growth. This study was conducted where the results of the data on apokol diameter, apokol length, root length and number of roots were obtained. Keywords : apocol, anatomy, bud

Effect of various fibers and rice husk ash on the workability of self-compacting concrete

AbstractThe study aims to investigate and find natural fiber as concrete reinforcement using the self-compacting concrete method. Methods of adding fiber and self-compacting concrete methods are exciting because these two methods have different characteristics and advantages. Therefore, the performance of the fresh-state flow capability of the self-compacting concrete method, which contains various fibers, was observed. Coconut fiber, pineapple leaf fiber, ijuk sugar palm fiber, and artificial polypropylene fiber were used with varying compositions of 0.3, 0.5, and 0.7% by mass of binder. The results show that coconut and pineapple fiber concrete met the European Guidelines for Self-Compacting Concrete standards. The coconut and pineapple fiber concrete performed admirably in all tests.

Tensile Properties of Open Hole and Unhole Sugar Palm ‘Ijuk’ (SPI) Fibre Composite Treated with Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH)

This study evaluates the effects of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) treatment on tensile properties of sugar palm 'ijuk' (SPI) fibre-reinforced polymer (FRP) composites, with and without an open hole that acts as a stress concentrator. The NaOH treatment is aimed to improve the interfacial adhesion between SPI fibres and polymer matrix. Composite specimens were prepared using the hand lay-up method, incorporating SPI fibres in various orientations, and featuring a 6 mm diameter hole. Tensile tests were conducted to evaluate the mechanical performance of SPI FRP composite, including ultimate tensile strength, Young's modulus, and elongation at break. The research also compared the properties of SPI to those of synthetic glass fibre in fibre-reinforced polymer composites. The results showed that NaOH treatment significantly improves the fibre-matrix adhesion with 26% increase in tensile strength, leading to enhanced tensile properties in both samples, regardless of hole presence. The 0° orientation provides the highest strength and stiffness when the load is applied in the direction of the fibres. While for the 90° orientation, strength reduces by 14%. The impact of the hole on stress concentration and the subsequent mechanical behaviour of the open-hole specimens is substantial. The findings of this study offer insightful perspectives on the potential use ofNaOH-treated SPI fibre in structural and other applications, demonstrating its ability to withstand tensile stresses, even with geometric discontinuities like holes.

Pengelolaan Hutan Kopi dan Aren dalam Inovasi Produk Kopi Aren Rasa Wine Non Alkohol di Kecamatan Kutalimbaru, Deli Serdang

This study aims to create an innovation in coffee-based culinary products by combining two plant materials, namely coffee and sap, to produce non-alcoholic grape-flavored sap coffee that has never been produced before. The method used in this study is descriptive qualitative with data collection techniques through FGD (Focus Group Discussion) with relevant stakeholders. The results of the study indicate that the coffee and sugar palm forests in the area are very productive and have great potential to support improving the welfare of farmers. In addition, the marketing model for this innovative sap coffee product is carried out offline and online, expanding the market reach. In conclusion, the innovation of non-alcoholic grape-flavored sap coffee can have a positive impact on improving the economy of coffee and sugar palm farmers in Sukamakmur Village, as well as opening up new job opportunities through productive management of natural resources. Keywords: Coffee Forest, Coffee Cultivation, Palm Coffee, Micro Business

Effect of Rice Straw Compost and NPKMg Fertiliser Treatment on Growth of Sugar Palm [Arenga pinnata merr] Age 12 Months

Effect of Rice Straw Compost and NPKMg Fertiliser Treatment on Growth of Sugar Palm [Arenga pinnata merr] Age 12 Months

Financial Feasibility of Palm Sugar Business in Ogomoli Village, District Galang Tolitoli Regency

Sugar palm (Arenga pinnata) is a type of plant that has been known for a long time because almost all parts of this palm tree can be used and contribute to people's income. Sugar palm as an NTFP product has a very important role in the development of NTFPs in Indonesia can support the economy of rural communities and has a bright market and high demand. This research aims to determine the financial feasibility of the palm sugar business and determine community income from selling palm sugar in Ogomoli Village, Tolitoli Regency, Galang District. The method used in this research is the census method (which is studied in measuring variables), namely, all individuals in the population are enumerated (investigated or interviewed) as respondents. Results of research carried out in Ogomoli Village, Galang District, Tolitoli Regency. Took a sample of 44 people. Based on the research results above, the average income from the palm sugar business in Ogomoli Village, Galang District, Toli-Toli Regency obtained by respondents was equal to. Rp. 19.584.00/ year with an average NPV of Rp. 105.950.39, with a Net B/ C of Rp. 5.33. The IRR value is 11.50% and the payback period (PP) in the palm sugar business is the profit earned or returned in the sixth year.

Meru Architecture in Bali : History, Function and Challenges

Meru is a sacred structure in Balinese architecture, symbolizing Mount Sumeru in Hindu-Buddhist cosmology. Introduced by Mpu Kuturan in the 11th century, Meru is a key feature of Balinese temples, representing the connection between the divine and earthly realms. The tiered roof, which can range from one to eleven layers, reflects different levels of the universe, with higher tiers holding greater spiritual significance. Meru is not only a site of worship for deities and ancestors but also plays a crucial role in traditional ceremonies, such as the ngaben cremation rites. One of the remarkable aspects of Meru is its earthquake-resistant design. Built with natural materials like ijuk (sugar palm fibre) and ironwood, its proportional structure and construction techniques allow it to withstand seismic shocks effectively. However, while Meru can endure earthquakes, it remains vulnerable to fire, especially due to lightning strikes. The dry, flammable ijuk used for the roof makes Meru susceptible, as evidenced by recent fires at temples like Ratu Gede Bima Sakti and Dadia Bingin. Efforts to protect Meru from fire hazards are underway, including raising community awareness and improving fire safety protocols. Despite these challenges, Meru continues to stand as a powerful symbol of Bali’s spiritual and cultural identity, blending ancient traditions with modern efforts to preserve this sacred architecture.

Enhancing the functionality of sugar palm (Arenga Pinnata) fibre reinforced polylactic acid composite filament of fused deposition modelling through Taguchi method

Constructing functional components using Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM) is challenging due to various processing factors that influence the quality of the final product. The main reason for this is the many processing parameters involved, which have the ability to impact the quality of the produced components. The aim of this research is to use the Taguchi technique in attempt to improve the printing variables for attaining the best possible mechanical and physical qualities in the three-dimensional (3D) printed product made from sugar palm fibre reinforced polylactic acid (SPF/PLA). The layer thickness, infill density, and printing speed are characteristics that directly affect the mechanical qualities, surface roughness, and dimensional accuracy of FDM products. The research applied Taguchi’s L9 array, consisting of 9 experimental trials, with each trial including 5 duplicated specimens. Thus, a total of 45 specimens were generated by altering various processing settings. The most effective printing settings for FDM using SPF and PLA were found to be a layer thickness of 0.1 mm, infill density set to 100%, and a printing speed of 25 mm s−1. The microscopic images reveal a significant rise in the number of voids as the layer thickness is raised. Additionally, the printing speed has a substantial impact on the nead structure, making it more resilient. Overall, the results will provide a significant collection of data in the area of 3D printing, improving the utilization of indigenous plant fibres in additive manufacturing technology.

KONTRIBUSI USAHATANI GULA AREN TERHADAP PENDAPATAN KELUARGA DI DESA TANGKENO KECAMATAN KABAENA TENGAH (Contribution of palm sugar farming to family income in Tangkeno village, central Kabaena subdistrict)

Sugar palm is a type of palm plant that is almost spread throughout Indonesia. All parts of this plant can be used, starting from the sap which can be processed into sugar, and the stems can be processed into palm flour, the unripe fruit can be processed into palm fruit, and the fibers can be processed into crafts. The aim of this research is to find out how much palm sugar farming contributes to family income in Tangkeno Village, Central Kabaena District. Meanwhile, the benefit of this research is to provide information regarding how much palm sugar processing contributes to family income in Tangkeno Village, Central Kabaena District. The method used in this research is the interview method. The types of data used to conduct research are primary data and secondary data. The results of research from 38 respondents show that the average contribution to palm sugar farming income in Tangkeno Village, Central Kabaena District for one year is IDR 22.934.210 with an average amount of palm sugar production of 4.323 kilograms, so the annual contribution of palm sugar farming is by 55%. The amount of income from palm sugar farming is quite large and is able to help the family to meet their needs. Keywords: Contribution, Income, Palm Sugar Farming Business, Tangkeno Village, Central Kabaena District

Identification of N, P, and K in Solid Waste from Palm Flour Production and Their Benefits as Organic Compost Fertilizer Ingredients

The palm flour manufacturing industry produces a lot of liquid waste and solid waste. The absence of a waste processing system means the waste is dumped around the production house. The large amount of solid waste that is dumped every day causes a buildup of waste on riverbanks. The flow of river water is disturbed, pollutes the river ecosystem, and the smell is unpleasant. The research aims to identify the content of N, P, and K elements in palm flour solid waste. The data obtained will be used as a basic reference for using palm flour solid waste as an alternative compost material considering that most of the Pucang Miliran village area is an agricultural area. The research was carried out by taking a sample of 1 kg of sugar palm flour solid waste and testing it for the content of N, P, and K. Data from laboratory tests were analyzed descriptively supported by a literature study. The research results showed that palm flour solid waste contained Nitrogen (N) of 194.227 mg/Kg, Phosphorus (P) of 410.270 mg/Kg, and Potassium (K) of 832.382 mg/Kg. The presence of the three nutrients N, P, and K in large enough quantities can be considered that palm flour solid waste can be a good alternative material for making organic fertilizer/compost. Further research is needed to determine the comparison and combination of various compost material compositions to produce the best palm solid waste compost.

Inventarisasi Potensi Tanaman MPTS (Multipurpose Tree Species) dan Pemanfaatannya di Kawasan HKm Buttu Puang Kabupaten Polewali Mandar

MPTS (Multipurpose Tree Species) plants are plants that have various benefits or functions that can be used for various purposes, usually MPTS plants have more than one function such as wood and non-wood production, soil and water conservation, as well as contributing to social welfare by providing goods and services needed by society, such as food, medicine and traditional industrial raw materials. This plant is planted in various lands including community forests. This research aims to determine the types and index of the importance of MPTS (Multipurpose Tree Species) plants and their use in the Buttu Puang Forest Area. The method used in this research is a quantitative method by calculating an important value index based on established criteria. The results of the research found 14 types of plants, namely Local Durian, Alle Durian, Montong Durian, Garuda Rambutan, Longan Rambutan, Cocoa, Robusta Coffee, Local Langsat, Forest Mango, Clove, Palm Sugar, Avocado, Jackfruit, and Breadfruit. Cocoa plants are the most dominant plants with the highest INP, 81.69, and avocado plants with the lowest INP, 2.85. The interview results show that the most profitable MPTS crops are cocoa and sugar palm. Keywords: Inventory, Potential, MPTS Plants, Utilization

Pemanfaatan Limbah Cangkang Telur dan Ijuk Daun Aren Sebagai Filter Alami Untuk Penyaringan Polusi Udara

This study investigates the potential use of eggshell waste and sugar palm fibers (ijuk) as natural filters for air pollution. Eggshells, rich in calcium carbonate, and ijuk, with its dense fibrous structure, are hypothesized to effectively capture airborne pollutants. An experimental method was employed to create and test filters made from these materials. Results show that the combination of eggshells and ijuk significantly reduces pollutant particle concentrations, providing an environmentally friendly alternative for air filtration.

Education to Strengthen the Economy of the Utilization of Aren Nira Producing Bioetanol in Lonuo Village, Bone Bolango District

This economic education activity for palm sap farmers aims to provide economic strengthening and build awareness among the public, especially palm sap farmers, that palm sap water can be utilized and made into several products with high economic value, for example bioethanol products. Apart from that, it can also minimize the negative impact of the production of alcoholic drinks made from palm sap in Lonuo village. This activity uses educational methods, socialization and community assistance for sugar palm sap farmers. Empowering sugar palm farmers through product diversification is the key to increasing the quality and quantity of sugar palm sap products into various marketable products such as bioethanol. This economic education activity for palm sap farmers has had a positive impact and response from the Lonuo village community. This can be seen from the enthusiasm of the community in participating in activities at the village office. The community received education well and smoothly and increased public understanding regarding the use of palm sap into products of high economic value such as bioethanol.

Community Asset Mapping in Indonesian Local Micro Enterprise Empowerment: Insights from Sukamantri Village

This study aims to assess community resources for development and to pinpoint the challenges faced by palm sugar micro-businesses. A qualitative approach was used, involving ten participants. Data was gathered through observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation. The results reveal a strong sense of community and a significant entrepreneurial drive among residents. However, there is untapped potential in environmental resources for land development that could support the cultivation of sugar palm trees, which are currently endangered. On the other hand, economic resources, such as the palm sugar marketing network, production enhancement, and sourcing of raw materials, are underdeveloped due to community isolation, reliance on traditional markets, and a lack of knowledge about digital marketing. The lack of management institutions, capacity-building programs, social network support, and government assistance greatly hinders the growth of these resources and the micro-businesses. To improve the capabilities of palm sugar micro-entrepreneurs in Sukamantri Village, it is crucial to tackle several key issues, including poor business management practices, weaknesses in local institutions, limited networking opportunities, and challenges related to funding and support. The researchers suggest that local government and the private sector should focus on support programs, enhancing the management and production processes of palm sugar micro-enterprises.

Fatigue Analysis on Hybrid Sugar Palm-Kenaf Fibre Reinforced Polypropylene Composites

ABSTRACT Hybrid natural-natural fibre reinforced polymer composites become attractive alternative to seek the friendly-environmentally materials. Study on the durability level of the hybrid composites have the importance reason due to the role in application as structural function. This study focuses on examining the fatigue strength of polypropylene polymer composites reinforced with hybrid sugar palm-kenaf fibres. The hybrid composite materials were prepared by mixing the fibres and matrix with several compositions. There are five composition types of specimens that evaluated, such as 70:10:10, 70:15:15, 70:20:10, 80:10:10 and 90:5:5. The hybrid composites were composed by PP, sugar palm fibre and kenaf fibre. Furtheremore the tensile test were conducted to find the value of ultimate tensile strength for every specimens of hybrid composites. The fatigue test also were conducted with four level of stress i.e. 80%, 70%, 60% and 50%. The results show that in the lower level of stress, the hybrid composites with higher content of sugar palm fibre posses the better performance of fatigue life compare to the others

Optimasi Pembuatan Heat Sealable Film dari Kolang-Kaling sebagai Bahan Kemasan

The sugar palm fruit (Arenga pinnata Merr.) has a great potential to be widely used in food industries due to its galactomannan that is able to form stable gels at high temperatures and produce excellent film properties. This study aimed to determine the optimum formula of edible films made from sugar palm fruit blended with carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), beeswax, and glycerol, and then used them as food packaging. The independent variables included CMC concentration was 2–4% (w/v), beeswax concentration was 0.5–2% (w/v) and glycerol concentration was 1–2% (v/v). Sugar palm fruit 10 g and 100 mL of distilled water were set as fixed variables. The quality of the films was observed including thickness, heat sealability, water vapor transmission rate (WVTR), and solubility. The optimum formula was achieved as follows: 3.11% (w/v) CMC, 2.00% (w/v) beeswax, and 1.00% (v/v) glycerol. The optimum formula of edible film was thickness of 0.15 mm, heat sealability of 115.51 N/m, WVTR value of 2.86 g/m2/h, and solubility of 75.61%. Based on the characteristics of dissolution time test showed that the edible pouch took 2.5 min to dissolved.

Potensi Dan Prospek Industri Gula Aren Di Indonesia

Palm sugar produced from sugar palm plants is an alternative sugar to granulated (refinery) sugar produced from sugar cane plants. Recently, more and more consumers are switching from granulated sugar to palm sugar. However, because entrepreneurs are still traditional, efforts to meet changing consumer tastes still have many obstacles. This research aims to (1) determine the potential of sugar palm plants as; (2) analyze the prospects for the Indonesian small palm sugar industry in the future. The method for determining the research location was carried out purposively, namely the Republic of Indonesia, which is one of the largest palm sugar producers in the world. This research was carried out from March 2024 to May 2024. This research was carried out using a survey approach and used secondary data, especially BPS publication data. To find out the prospects for palm sugar in Indonesia, it is explained using simple linear regression. Meanwhile, the analysis of plant potential is explained descriptively qualitatively and quantitatively. The research results show that sugar palm cultivation in Indonesia has great potential, especially because sugar palm plants do not require complicated growing requirements. Almost all areas in Indonesia can be planted with palm trees. The availability of land in Indonesia is quite extensive, has hydrological and conservative functions. There is a traditional farming culture in cultivating palm sugar. The results of regression analysis using time series data from 1992 to 2020 show that the development of land area, which is a manifestation of farmers' response to demand for palm sugar, shows an increasing trend. With ß of 1,046.5, it shows that on average every year there is an increase in the area of ​​sugar palm plantations of 1,046.5. Meanwhile, from the production aspect, the results of the regression analysis also show a significant increasing trend with ß of 2,575.4, which shows that from the production aspect there has been a significant increase in production, namely 2,575.4 tonnes each year. Furthermore, it can be concluded that the potential for palm tree development is quite good and the prospects for the palm sugar industry in Indonesia are quite bright.

Marketing of processed aren agroindustry (kolang–kaling) rokan hulu district

The purpose of this study was to look at the marketing of processed sugar palm agroindustry (Kolang – Kaling) in Rokan Hulu Regency. This research was carried out by Rokan Hulu Regency because Rokan Hulu Regency is one of the regencies that has a large distribution of palm plants and has developed in the household industry. This research was carried out using a survey method on consumers who consume palm agro-industrial products, namely kolang-kaling. Respondent collection was carried out using the Simple Random Sampling method. The survey was conducted purposively which aimed to find out how the marketing process of kolang-kaling products occurred in Rokan Hulu Regency. The results show the response of consumers to the appearance of the product, packaging that still does not use special packaging, and the absence of product labels. Meanwhile, in terms of price, kolang-kaling follows the prevailing price in the market, which is Rp. 10,000 – 15,000. The distribution of kolang-kaling is carried out to traditional markets only, and promotional activities are still carried out on a limited basis (direct sales).