Sugar Palm Research Articles

THE PERCEPTIONS OF SUGAR PALM FARMERS IN RELATION TO THE INSTITUTIONAL DEVELOPMENT OF SUGAR PALM AGRO-INDUSTRY

This research was conducted in Tapsel Regency, North Sumatra for 8 months starting in April 2018, in 24 villages located in 4 sub-districts out of 14 sub-districts, determined by the Multistage Sampling Technique. Determination of respondents by purposive sampling technique. The respondents observed were 112 sugar palm farmers. Determination of respondents by purposive sampling technique. Research objectives: To describe the conditions and perceptions of sugar palm farmers in relation to the development of sugar palm agro-industry institutions. Data analysis techniques: Descriptive Analysis. Arranged variables; variable Y; Agroindustry Institutions, and variable X consists of 1. Human Resources, 2. Interaction, 3. Motivation, 4. Farmer Participation, and 5. Socio-Economic. Measured through 14 parameters spread over 49 lists of structured questions on the questionnaire. Farmers' responses to the questionnaire were assessed using a Likert Scale to identify and interpret the conditions and perceptions of sugar palm farmers. The results of the research produce recommendations: 1. Instilling confidence in sugar palm farmers, is important 2. Socialization is needed to sugar palm farmers, for example about; standard price of palm sugar, the technology used and the performance of the agro-industry. 3. The issue of agro-industry institutional leaders must go through a separate study.

STRATEGI PEMASARAN DALAM MEMPERTAHANKAN BISNIS UMKM DI TENGAH PANDEMI COVID-19 PRODUK GULA AREN DESA HARIANG KECAMATAN SOBANG KABUPATEN LEBAK BANTEN

The purpose of the study is to determine the impact of Covid-19 on the income of SME (Small Midsize Enterprise) Mitra Mandala palm sugar in Hariang Village, Sobang District, Lebak Regency, Banten and to design a marketing strategy for Mitra Mandala SME in dealing with the Covid-19 pandemic. The type of research use is descriptive qualitative research and descriptive quantitative. Types and sources of data using primary data and secondary data. The sampling technique of 6 respondents use interview techniques with research criteria. This research method uses IFE Matrix, EFE Matrix, and Swot Matrix.The analysis results showed that the IFE matrix at Mitra Mandala SME has a total score of 3,151. While the EFE matrix obtained a total score of 2,681. The results of the I-E matrix show that the position of Mitra Mandala SMEs is in cell IV which is in a grow and build condition. The results of the SWOT matrix analysis obtained nine strategies, namely: 1) Providing price discounts/discounts 2) Creating a website to sell sugar palm in the international market, 3) Developing an online sales system to develop the market, 4) Developing sugar palm production technology and sugar palm management, 5) Conducting training for MSME employees of Mitra Mandala, 6) Looking for buyers of sugar palm products outside Indonesia, 7) Identifying sugar palm products entering Mitra Mandala, 8) establishing partner relationships with sugar palm farmers, and 9) developing a warehouse system for storing sugar palm products.

PEMBERDAYAAN PETANI GULA AREN MELALUI DIVERIFIKASI KONSENTRIS UNTUK MENINGKATKAN NILAI TAMBAH GULA AREN SEBAGAI PRODUK UNGGULAN DESA ROMBIYA TIMUR

The palm tree (Arenga pinata), which is a member of the areca nut family (Arecaceae), is a closed seed plant (Angiospermae), which means that the seeds are entirely encased in the fruit meat. In general, this plant resembles coconut trees, although palm trees have different stems from coconut trees. The trunks of coconut trees are pristine, in contrast to the filthy trunks of palm trees. Nearly every area of East Rombiya Village is covered in palm trees. The palm tree produces a sweetener known as palm sugar. East Rombiya Village, which has not been heavily farmed, is where the community processes palm sugar. Although resources from palm trees can be used in the food and beverage business, practically all sections of this plant can be utilized and have high economic value. The abundance of these resources can be used as the village's superior product. The purpose of this service is to develop palm sugar production through concentric diversification, namely the development of new products while still using the same production material, namely palm sugar. The service method is carried out through Participatory Action Research (PAR) which in this method is known as a method and strategy that can produce local leaders whose job it is to be able to continue these assisted activities after the service program ends. The results of the diversification produced by the service team are Liquid Palm Sugar and Ant Palm Sugar products. This product is a development of the production of palm sugar produced in East Rombiya Village. This product can add to the selling value of palm sugar, which is often sold at a superficial level. The diversification of palm sugar products that has been carried out can be used as a superior product in East Rombiya village to increase people's income. Keywords: Palm Sugar, concentrated Divertification, Income, Village Main Product

Characterization of Ash from Sugar Palm [Arenga Pinnata (Wrumb) Merr.] Fiber for Industrial Application

ABSTRACT Sugar palm (Arenga Pinnata) fiber is abundant in Malaysia which necessitates its utilization as a source of agricultural waste for industrial development. This paper aims at characterizing the sugar palm fiber to explore its silica content as a potential renewable material. The sugar palm fiber was carbonized, and the ash obtained was characterized via X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and field emission scanning electron microscope (FESESM). The presence of amorphous silica (SiO2) with an average particle size of 41.25 nm was revealed by X-ray diffraction. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy indicated the presence of functional groups such as silane and siloxane groups, and thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry identified the main degradation stages of the sugar palm fiber ash, and the decomposition of hemicellulose, lignin, cellulose, and carbonate to other oxides. The energy dispersive spectroscopy of the sugar palm fiber ash confirmed silica to be of the highest amount than other elements. Sugar palm fiber ash has been found as a possible silica substitute and a prospective industrial resource.

The diversity of utilizations, tapping flow discharge, and conservation of sugar palm (Arenga longipes Mogea) cultivated in Langkat, North Sumatra, Indonesia

Abstract. Fadhilla S, Hakim L, Agustian A, Lubis YS, Siregar AW. 2022. The diversity of utilizations, tapping flow discharge, and conservation of sugar palm (Arenga longipes Mogea) cultivated in Langkat, North Sumatra, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 23: 122-132. Sugar palm (Arenga longipes Mogea) is one of the Non-Timber Forest Products (NTFPs) cultivated by the forest community in the village of Sei Limbat, Selesai Sub-district, Langkat District, North Sumatra. It is a plant with several benefits for economic development and a source of livelihood. Therefore, this research aims to determine the morphology of sugar palms through the identification of the species developed by the community, potential use, economic value, and tapping productivity. The morphological identification was used to determine the species of sugar palm developed by the community. The multiple utilization and economic values were identified and analyzed using the result of in-depth interviews through questionnaires. In this study, it was found that the diversity of uses of the palm plant included the utilization of palm sugar (consisting of large palm sugar, small palm sugar, liquid sugar and powdered sugar), utilization of black palm fiber, and conservation purposes. Based on the morphological identification, the species of sugar palm cultivated by the forest community was Arenga longipes Mogea. Furthermore, the tapping productivity was influenced by the panicle circumference, tree height, and flower height from the ground. The tapping productivity was calculated using daily production, which was correlated with sugar palm tree morphology. Based on the result, it can be concluded that the species identified is A. longipes which has a variety of uses and the tapping productivity was influenced by plant morphology.

Effect of Adhesive Content on Physical Properties Particleboard Made from Bamboo and Sugar Palm Waste (Arenga Pinnata (Wurmb.) Merr)

Currently, need for wood as a raw material for making boards has increased, which has reduced the availability of forest resources. To overcome this problem, industrial waste or other lignocellulosic materials are used to make particle board with the aim of efficient use of wood. Particle board has advantages, namely the use of raw materials can be either wood or non-wood waste. Therefore, particle board processing can overcome the problem of handling wood waste which has not been optimally carried out. This research aimed to analyze the physical properties of particle board made from bamboo and sugar palm waste. This study used an experimental method with a completely randomized design (CRD) with one factor (adhesive content), namely 10%, 12%, and 14%. The results of this study showed that physical properties of bamboo particle board at adhesive content of 10%, 12%, and 14% ranged from, respectively: water content (10.26%, 9.96%, dan 9.79%); density (0.69 gr/cm3, 0.68 gr/cm3, dan 0.71 gr/cm3); thickness swelling (21.57%, 20.07%, dan 19.23%). While the palm sugar particle board with adhesive content of 10%, 12%, and 14% respectively: water content (11.29%, 10.91%, dan 10.22%); density (0.70 gr/cm3, 0.69 gr/cm3, dan 0.71 gr/cm3); thickness swelling (26.00%, 22.90%, dan 22.85%). From the physical properties of the two types of particle board, the water content and density of particle board fulfilled JIS A-2003 standard, while thickness swelling did not fulfilled JIS A-2003 standard. Based on the value of moisture content and density, the use of bamboo particle board and palm sugar is suitable for interior materials.

Walnut Paste: A Healthy Alternative for Nutella Consumers

Nutella is the best-selling chocolate and hazelnut spread in the world. It is known that the main ingredients of Nutella are sugar (55%) palm oil (23%), hazelnuts (14%), cocoa solids and skimmed milk (8%). Currently, worldwide, there is a tendency to make healthier food choices, and the sugar and palm oil from Nutella’s formulation are ingredients blamed for causing certain health disorders (obesity, cardiovascular diseases and diabetes). In this order, the purpose of the research was to develop the technology for obtaining walnut paste, since walnuts have proven prophylactic properties, with a low sugar content and without palm oil. The quality of the elaborated walnut paste was determined and monitored during the shelf life in terms of oxidative stability (Acidity index (FFA) and Peroxide value (PV)), total phenols content, antioxidant activity and rheology. The obtained results demonstrated that during 4 months of storage the acidity index of the walnut paste did not register significant changes, reaching maximum values of 0.17±0,01 (Oleic g/100 g), while the peroxide values evolved up to 2.22±0,03 meq/kg oil. The slow evolution of the oxidative parameters can be due to the phenolic compounds in walnut paste that recorded a value of 47.2±0,36 mg GAE/g with an antioxidant activity (DPPH free radical scavenging) of 70±1,02 %. Concerning sensory characteristics, the walnut paste samples were positively appreciated in comparison with Nutella and no significant quality difference was observed after storage for 4 months.

Preparation and Characterization of Thermoplastic Starch from Sugar Palm (Arenga pinnata) by Extrusion Method

Sugar palm (Arenga pinnata) starch is considered an important renewable, biodegradable, and eco-friendly polymer, which is derived from agricultural by-products and residues, with great potential for the development of biocomposite materials. This research was aimed at investigating the development of TPS biocomposites from A. pinnata palm starch using an extrusion process. Palm starch, glycerol, and stearic acid were extruded in a twin-screw extruder. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis of TPS showed that the starch granules were damaged and gelatinized in the extrusion process. The density of TPS was 1.3695 g/mL, lower than that of palm starch, and the addition of stearic acid resulted in increased TPS density. X-ray diffraction (XRD) results showed that palm starch had a C-type pattern crystalline structure. The tensile strength, elongation at break, and modulus of elasticity of TPS were 7.19 MPa, 33.95%, and 0.56 GPa, respectively. The addition of stearic acid reduced the tensile strength, elongation at break and modulus of elasticity of TPS. The rheological properties, i.e., melt flow rate (MFR) and viscosity of TPS, were 7.13 g/10 min and 2482.19 Pa.s, respectively. The presence of stearic acid in TPS resulted in increased MFR and decreased viscosity values. The peak gelatinization temperature of A. pinnata palm starch was 70°C, while Tg of TPS was 65°C. The addition of stearic acid reduced the Tg of TPS. The thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) analysis showed that the addition of glycerol and stearic acid decreased the thermal stability, but extended the temperature range of thermal degradation. TPS derived from A. pinnata palm starch by extrusion method has the potential to be applied in industrial practice as a promising raw material for manufacturing bio-based packaging as a sustainable and green alternative to petroleum-based plastics.

Growth of Arengapinnata Seedlings on Three Different Media

Aren (Arengapinnata) trees are the second most important palm trees in Indonesia. However, little information on the effect of media on growth of aren (sugar palm) tree seedlings. The growth of six monts old seedlings on three media, namely soil, soil+Trichocompost, and sawdust+Trichocompost was studied. It was found that the growth of seedlings 45 days after replanting on soil+Trichocompost was higher than that of on sawdust+Trichocompost; However, the growth of the seedlings on soil media was not significantly lower than that of on soil+Trichocompost, nor significantly higher than that of on sawdust+Trichocompost.It was recommended that soil+Trichocompost and sawdust+Trichocompost can be used for aren seedling growing media.

ALCOHOLIC DRINKS IN OLD JAVANESE INSCRIPTIONS: PRELIMINARY REMARKS

Though alcoholic culture of pre-Islamic Java was thoroughly examined by Jiří Jákl in his seminal monograph Alcohol in Early Java, there are blank spots in epigraphic research of Old Javanese inscriptional evidence. There is no list of Old Javanese inscriptions which mention alcoholic drinks and their consumption. My article aims at enlisting and examining available references to alcohol drinks in Old Javanese epigraphy. The main sources are Old Javanese inscriptions published in the printed and online catalogues while the latter are still in progress while the former are obviously incomplete. I found ten Old Javanese inscriptions which contain references to alcoholic drinking. Nine inscriptions date from 901 CE to 939 CE. The current text of the Watukura A inscription seems to be a multilayer copy of its original text of 902 CE: it was re-written in the middle tenth century and re-written again in the middle fourteenth century. The phrases maṅinum siddhū, ciñca, kilaṁ, tvak ‘drank a fruit wine siddhu, a fruit wine ciñca, sugar cane wine and palm wine’, and parka ciñca tvak ‘mead(?), a fruit wine ciñca, palm wine’ date from 929–930 CE and, perhaps, may serve as dating markers but it needs further investigations.

Growth and yield of soybean varieties with biochar application

Climate change cause a temperature increase, decreasing soil fertility and causing a reduced microbial and nutrient availability, and increased salinization, so it cannot support the growth of soybean plants. Soybeans are vulnerable to climate change, which can lead to lower yields. Biochar is an organic material that can improve soil's physical, chemical, and biological fertility. This study aims to obtain soybean varieties and biochar types that increase growth and yield in low soil fertility cultivation. This research was conducted in August 2022 – June 2023 at the Agricultural Faculty Experimental Field of Universitas Sebelas Maret. The research was designed in randomized complete block design factorial with three replications. The first factor was soybean varieties, and the second factor was types of biochar. Data analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA), followed by DMRT 5% if there was a significant difference. The results showed that Demas 1 variety significantly affects growth and yield with biochar addition compared to Dena 1 and Gepak Kuning. The addition of rice husk biochar can increase the growth and yield of 3 soybean varieties, compared to the addition of sugar palm fiber biochar and without the addition of biochar.

Exploration of indigenous arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on Arenga pinnata Merr in post-mining land

Mining activities have a positive impact that can generate income for the state, but the activities also cause negative impacts in the form of soil damage, vegetation and animal losses to disrupt the ecosystems. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out a reclamation with revegetation using local plant species. PT Berau Coal has conducted revegetation using a local sugar palm plant (Arenga pinnata). The success of sugar palm plant growth in post-mining reclamation land is influenced by several factors, one of it is the symbiosis of the arbuscula mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) with the sugar palm planted by PT Berau Coal. The purpose of this study was to determine the diversity of indigenous spores in the arenga rhizosphere and root colonization of sugar palm plants. Identification of the AMF diversity was carried out by observing the soil taken from the palm rhizosphere with a depth of 0-20 cm and 20-40 cm. Isolation of spores using the wet pouring technique method with centrifuges and AMF spores were identified using the INVAM methods. The observation of AMF colonization on plant roots was carried out through the root staining technique with the Clapp modification method. The results showed that the AMF spores were found in 3 AMF genera at the observation site, namely genus Glomus (15 sp), Acaulospora (3 sp), and Gigaspora (1 sp). The highest spore abundance is genus Glomus sp at a soil depth of 0-20 cm. The AMF structures found colonizing the roots of sugar palm plants are hyphae, vesicles, and spores.

Analisis Komparasi Pendapatan Agroindustri Gula Aren dan Gula Semut (Studi Kasus Kelompok Tani Mutiara Di Kecamatan Lareh Sago Halaban Sumatera Barat)

Nira is the main derivative product of Aren palm. Making Aren palm to be palm sugar and granulated palm sugar will increase the benefit of Aren Palm and increase the farmer's income. It is needed towards perform comparison research for agroindustrial revenue of palm sugar and granulated palm sugar to make sure that it may be a referral for the farmer in picking an extra rewarding diversification of Aren palm. This research strives to review the incorporated revenue from palm sugar and granulated palm sugar services and examine the evaluation of the usefulness amount of palm sugar and granulated palm sugar services. The study was performed in January - April 2021 for all participants of the "Mutiara" Farmers Team in Lareh Sago, Halaban Area, which was energetic in generating palm sugar and granulated palm sugar in the final year. The review of the research makes use of revenue and also earnings review. The study's results concluded that palm sugar income amounted to Rp. 671,741/month, while granulated palm sugar amounted to Rp. 860,891/month. This study shows that granulated palm sugar's income is 12.34% higher than palm sugar. In terms of the R/C ratio, producing Nira in granulated palm sugar (R/C ratio = 2.53) is much more feasible than processing it into palm sugar (R/C ratio = 1.76). Last but not least, this study concludes that producing granulated palm sugar is more profitable than palm sugar. It is an excellent business to be developed for adding income for the farmer.

Branding Strategy to Increase Sales of Products from Palm Trees in the Bojong Hamlet, Sukabumi Regency

Ant sugar is processed from sap which has a longer process than palm sugar. Ant sugar itself is one of the preparations from the palm plant which is processed by residents of Bojong Hamlet, Cicadas Village, which is used as a livelihood for residents for their daily needs. The existence and position of these products are still not competitive, they are not well known and their sales are very minimal. On the other hand, Bojong hamlet residents also experience difficulties in producing, innovating and marketing properly. The purpose of this research is to make raw material products, product innovation and product sales in local and international markets, so that products in Bojong Hamlet can increase and be able to compete with other similar products in the market. The method used in this program is to provide education to sugar palm farmers about the uniqueness of packaging, taste innovation and making attractive packaging and marketing. While conducting the education, the results were obtained, namely the interest of the people of Bojong Hamlet, Cicadas Village, to innovate in product development, packaging innovation and attractive sales.

Pengaruh Suhu Terhadap Karakteristik Arang Hasil Pirolisis Kulit Kolang-Kaling (Arenga pinnata)

Sugar palm plants are included in the top ten plantation commodities in East Kalimantan. So far, kolang-kaling fruit peel waste has not been widely used, except for fertilizer. Palm peel waste has a non-uniform texture, but the inside is hard, so it can be used to make charcoal. Charcoal is made by pyrolysis process and can be used as raw material for briquettes as a new renewable energy source. This study aims to obtain biochar as a raw material for making briquettes with the highest calorific value through the pyrolysis process. The manufacture of biochar begins with the drying process of the raw materials and then proceeds with heating the sample in a pyrolysis reactor for 1 hour. The process takes place with the constant variable is the sample weight of 500 g and the heating time for 1 hour, and the variable that changes is the combustion temperature. Pyrolysis was carried out at temperatures of 200 °C, 250 °C, 300 °C, 350 °C, and 400 °C. The mass of charcoal obtained was 487.23 g, 438.37 g, 402.03 g, 318.1 g and 278.84 g. The resulting calorific value is 4158.7 cal/g, 4432.5 cal/g, 4620.2 cal/g and 4840.7 cal/g. The ash content were 12.01%, 14.64%, 14.99%, 15.25% 21.98%, respectively. Volatile Matter obtained 76.50%, 69.67%, 61.68%, 56.71%, 47.15%. While the fixed carbon biochar is 0.80%, 8.93%, 9 78%, 11.30%, 16.31%. The characteristics of the pyrolysis biochar are seen by proximate testing. Biochar with the highest calorific value was obtained at a temperature of 400 °C, namely 4840.7 cal/g. Keywords: Palm fruit peel, Calorific value, Pyrolysis , Charcoal

Utilization of a Coffee Peeler Machine for Coffee Farmer Groups in Gunung Tua Village Mandailing Natal

Topographically, the Mandailing Natal district is divided into lowland areas which are coastal areas with an elevation of 00 -20 covering an area of ​​160,500 Ha (24.24%). One of the drivers of economic growth in Mandailing Natal district is plantations. Plantation plants in the Mandailing Natal district can develop coffee, cinnamon, coconut, candlenut, sugar palm, and cloves. However, the level of absorption of agricultural technology is still not as expected, especially for coffee farmers in Gunung Tua village, Mandailing Natal Regency, making coffee productivity from this area less than optimal. From the survey results and discussions with coffee farmer partners in the town of Gunung Tua Mandailing Natal, it was found that there were several problems in the post-harvest process, and one of them was the peeling of the coffee bean skin. So far, most coffee farmers use a coffee peeler manually with a 20 kg/hour capacity and require quite a high operational cost. Therefore, the service implementation team and coffee farmer partners agreed to make a 100 kg/hour coffee peeler machine and an electric motor drive based on these conditions. Test data in the field shows that for a coffee peeler with a capacity of 100 kg/hour, only one liter of fuel is needed to peel 400 kg of coffee beans. This, of course, makes a significant reduction in production costs in the post-harvest process. It is hoped that this machine can work optimally to reduce the production cost of coffee peeling and increase the income of coffee farmers in the village of Gunung Tua Mandailing Natal.

Microwave pretreatment of biomass for conversion of lignocellulosic materials into renewable biofuels

For the conversion of lignocellulosic material into renewable biofuels the microwave pretreatment of raw material is a new and promising technology. This work presents a numerical simulation of microwave heating of materials derived from sugar cane, african palm and green algae in microwave domestic oven. The power absorption of biomasses is studied in cylindrical and spherical shapes, with volumes varying from 10−5 m3 to 100 × 10−5 m3, as function of humidity (from 20% to 80%). Maxwell equations were employed to calculate the microwave electromagnetic field distribution in the microwave cavity and in the samples, coupled to heat equation when the humidity is varied. Penetration depth varied from 2 × 10−2 to 10 m and tanδ from 2 × 10−3 to 7 × 10−1 as function of humidity. Plots of electric field and temperature distribution inside the oven were done for sugar cane, palm oil and green algae for cylindrical and spherical samples for 30% and 65% of humidity in the samples. The coefficient of variation (COV) varied between 0.05 and 0.18. The rate of heating efficiency was evaluated using the degree of thermal runaway ΔT (5K<ΔT<75K) and evolution of average temperature T‾ (300K<T‾<370K) and their relationship with the energy absorbed by the samples and COV, respectively. The comprehensive evaluation coefficient, that describes the usability of a specific lignocellulosic material in industry, varied between 0.3 and 10.0, was calculated for the biomasses shapes and sizes as function of power and humidity.

The Technical Feasibility of Organic Sheet Mulch From Palm Fiber Waste

Sugar palm is a multi-purpose plant that can be processed into various products when it is 15 years old. Palm plants are no longer productive but still contain starch in the stems, generally, they are cut down and further processed into palm starch flour. Palm flour production activities produce liquid waste and solid waste. The waste generated to produce 1.7 tons of palm starch flour is 4.3 tons. Liquid waste is discharged directly into the river. Meanwhile, solid waste is allowed to accumulate around the palm starch processing factory, which pollutes the surrounding environment, so managing waste from processing palm starch is necessary. An alternative to utilizing palm fibre waste is to process it into sheet organic mulch as a soil cover medium in plant cultivation activities. Sheet organic mulch that is widely available today is made from coco fibre. Sheet organic mulch can be made with several organic adhesives, namely latex, clay, palm flour and tapioca flour. Sheet organic mulch from palm fibre waste requires technical testing to determine which adhesive can produce high-quality mulch. Based on the tensile test results, it was found that the organic mulch of palm fibre with latex adhesive had the most similar technical properties to organic mulch on the market.

Hydrothermal pretreatment optimization of hemicellulose dissolution of sugar palm starch industrial waste

Lignocellulosic biomass is a renewable source containing three main components: cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin. The three main components can be processed into products that have high added value. Sources of lignocellulosic biomass includes wood, grass, industrial waste, and agricultural residu. Compared to other source, industrial wastes have a higher potential to be utilized without competition for other needs and assist industry in waste treatment. The production of sugar palm starch generate biomass waste which is disposed into the environment which disturbs the surrounding community and is not utilized. To utilize lignocellulosic biomass, pretreatment is a very important step. Hydrothermal is an environmentally friendly pretreatment, without using harmful chemicals in the process. The purpose of this study was to determine the level of solubility of hemicellulose in the hydrothermal pretreatment process of sugar palm starch industrial waste. The hydrothermal method used is liquid hot water with temperature and time parameters, optimization analysis using response surface methodology (RSM). The result obtained is that the liquid hot water pretreatment method is effective in dissolving the hemicellulose from the sugar palm starch industrial waste. The relationship between variables on hemiselulosa response is modeled Y = 7.7-3.04 X1 – 5.67X2 + 0.4250 X1X2 + 1.06 X1 2 + 3.61 X2 2. The optimization results showed the optimum temperature at 195.91°C for 36.725 minutes, with a hemicellulose dissolution of 81.59% and the level of desirability is 0.852.

Identifikasi Lokasi Potensial dan Prioritas Pengembangan Agroindustri Aren di Kabupaten Tasikmalaya, Jawa Barat

Sugar palm is a plantation crop that has benefits economic, ecological, social and cultural, but the exploitation of palm sugar is generally still taking the results of plants that grow naturally. Identification of the distribution of sugar palm plants needs to be done to obtain priority locations for the development of sugar palm agro-industry. The potential location shows that the sugar palm has a comparative and competitive advantage compared to other plantation commodities. Comparative and competitive advantages can be determined using the Location Quotient (LQ) and Differential Shift (DS) methods, while the priority for developing sugar palm agro-industry products is determined by the exponential comparison method with criteria 1) market potential, 2) environmental sustainability and waste minimization, 3) availability of raw materials and supporting material, 4) local government support, 5) human resource capability, 6) availability of applicable technology, 7) competitiveness of similar products and substitute products, and 8) efficiency of production costs. The results showed that the potential location of sugar palm plants were found in five districts in Tasikmalaya Regency, among others Ciawi districts, Cigalontang districts, Jamanis districts, Jatiwaras districts, and Sukahening Districts. The priority of developing agroindustry products based on the analysis of the corresponding exponential comparison method is palm sugar (10.21), palm fruit (10.20), palm fiber (10.19), ant sugar (10.17) and palm starch flour (10.06).