Sugar Output Research Articles

State-of-the-Art Methods for Eradication of Pathogenic Microflora in Sugar Production

Producing sugar from sugar beet is a combination of physical and chemical processes not related to microbial life. Microorganisms in fact are pests for sugar production, as they negatively affect the production rates, lead to a loss of sucrose, and reduce the resulting sugar output while also worsening its quality; the products of microbial life reduce the pH value of sugar products, which leads to a faster corrosion of the equipment and piping. Microorganisms can come from sugar beet itself as well as from water, air, the staff, or the equipment. Non-compliance with the production standards may as well result in contamination. The entire sugar production process is negatively affected by microorganisms, as they cause a considerable loss of sucrose. Beet chips and juice are a good growth medium for pathogens that consume sucrose as a part of their metabolism.

Estimation of new lines of multigerm pollinators of Verhnyatska selection sugar beets and their hybrids

The paper highlights the assessment of Verhnyatska selection new combination valuable multigerm of lines – pollinators (МP) efficiency, МS of lines of a different origin and heterozis of hybrids created on their basis. Verhnyatska МP are productive, combination-valuable and plasticity, proved by the hybrid combinations with МS by materials of all skilled-selection stations of a network of Institute of biocrops and sugar beet. At the grade test of 2018 more successful were combinations with МS by lines Ivanivska and Bila Tserkva research selection station. Sugar yield in hybrids made 111.4–108.9 % on the average. A number of experimental hybrids line created with Verhnyatcka selection lines-pollinators in 2019 is listed among the best in sugar yield per hectare. The submitted hybrids STs191125 and STs191134 were characterized by a high parameter of productivity (117.6 and 113.8 % to the standard accordingly). A number of the best hybrids for study in variety ecological testing is selected. Heterosis effect was observed in some cross combinations. The best parameter on productivity (110.0 %) was in the hybrid STs191135 – МS originator of a line of Yaltushkivska RSS. Sugar yield and output were higher than the standard by 8.4 and 14.2 %. The satisfactory parameters of efficiency were observed in the STs190309 hybrid. Its productivity made 104.0 %, sugar yield – 104.1 %, sugar output – 111.8 % to the standard. Significantly high sugar output was in the hybrid STs190815 (119.6 %), where both components of crossing were of Verhnyatska selection. The parameters of productivity, sugar content and yield were 107.7, 100.9 and 109.2 %. Due to a genetic variety of initial materials and successful selection of parental components, their combinational ability and plasticity made it possible to receive new hybrids. Multigerm line-pollinators have high selection value of efficiency parameters. Key words: sugar beet, multigerm, pollinator, fertility, selection, hybrid, productivity.

Does an invader have a bright side? Floral reward in two Solidago species

The knowledge of nectar secretion and pollen production is important for understanding the biology of invasive species. In the present paper, the floral reward in Solidago canadensis and S. gigantea (Asteraceae), two invasive plant species in Europe, were investigated. Flowers of Solidago species are protandrous. The floral nectar was found to be rich in hexose (sucrose/fructose/glucose – 13.8/32.7/53.5% in S. canadensis and 18.3/35.1/46.6% in S. gigantea). The per-flower rewards (sugars/pollen) in the Solidago species were not abundant; however, due to the formation of dense populations and massive floral display, high amounts of resources were produced at the community level. The mean sugar output was 482.3 kg/ha in S. canadensis and 121.6 kg/ha in S. gigantea. The mean pollen yield was 30.7 kg/ha (S. canadensis) and 6.5 kg/ha (S. gigantea). In the landscape with limited floral resources, the nectar and pollen available in Solidago flowers are important and can provide additional (or even exclusive) food resources for pollinators during summer/late summer. In particular, areas invaded by Solidago species may be attractive to beekeepers, as >80.0% of visits were performed by Apis mellifera. However, a broad spectrum of wild insect visitors (including Bombus spp., Vespula spp., Diptera, Lepidoptera, Coleoptera) deserves further studies to assess the impact of mass flowering in Solidago species on the native plant species-insect interactions.

Functional network analysis of gene-phenotype connectivity based on pioglitazone.

Pioglitazone, a type of insulin sensitizer, serves as an effective anti-hyperglycemic drug. The mechanism of action of pioglitazone is through the activation of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR), which results in enhanced insulin sensitivity of peripheral tissues and the liver, causing a reduction in the production and output of liver sugar. It has been reported that pioglitazone increases the risk of bladder cancer, but the underlying mechanisms have remained elusive. It was hypothesized that modulation of pioglitazone activity may be predicted by systematically analyzing data published on drugs. This hypothesis was tested by querying the Drug-Target Interactome (DTome), a web-based tool that provides open-source data from three databases (DrugBank, PharmGSK and Protein Interaction Network analysis). A total of 4 direct target proteins (DTPs) and further DTP-associated genes were identified for pioglitazone. Subsequently, an enrichment analysis was performed for all DTP-associated genes using Cytoscape software. A total of 12 Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways were identified, including the ‘PPAR signaling pathway’ as well as ‘pathways in cancer’ as relevant pathways. Functional network analysis was able to identify direct and indirect target genes of pioglitazone, resulting in a list of possible biological functions based on published databases. Furthermore, Kaplan-Meier analysis indicated that pioglitazone may affect the survival rate of patients with bladder cancer through genetic alterations (missense mutation, truncating mutation, amplification, deep deletion and fusion) of target genes. Therefore, it should be used with caution.

Modeling Ketogenesis for Use in Pediatric Diabetes Simulation.

Simulation is being increasingly integrated into medical education. Diabetes simulation is well-received by trainees and has demonstrated improved clinical results, including reduced adult inpatient hyperglycemia. However, no pediatric-specific diabetes simulation programs exist for use in medical education. None of the existing diabetes models incorporate ketones as an input or an output, which is essential for use in teaching pediatric diabetes management. We created a pediatric diabetes simulation incorporating both blood sugar and urine ketones as output. Ketone output is implemented as a state variable but is obfuscated to simulate hospital experience. Blood sugar output is similar to other models and incorporates the current blood sugar, insulin on board (IOB) and carbohydrates on board (COB), and insulin and carbohydrate sensitivities. The program calculates all IOB and COB every 15 minutes based on user input and provides written summary feedback at the end of the simulation about inaccurate dosing and timing. The simulation realistically incorporated both blood glucose and urine ketones in clinically valid and actionable formats. After completing this simulation, 16/17 pediatric residents indicated that they wanted more simulated diabetes cases integrated into their curriculum. Implementing simulation into pediatric diabetes education was feasible and well-received. More work is needed to further study the role of simulation in pediatric diabetes education when used adjunctively or in lieu of lectures when time or resources are limited.

Optimization of Total Production of Refined Sugar From Raw Sugar Raw Materials and Supporting Raw Materials Using the Generate-And-Test Method at PT. DSI Banten

The search problem is a problem that is commonly applied to systems based on the concept of Artificial Intelligence. One of the well-known heuristic search methods in Artificial Intelligence terminology is Generate and Test. In general, there are no companies operating without raw materials, raw materials in PT. DSI is a type of main and supporting raw material. Refined sugar production at PT. DSI Banten has been experiencing fluctuations in the output of production every day, the data in April 2014 showed from 1-7 consecutively that is 726, 578, 592, 518, 692, 734, 473 tons (PT. DSI, April 2014 ). The purpose of this study is to implement the heuristic search concept with the Generate and Test Algorithm in the search for a combination of the two raw materials to obtain the highest amount of production / output in the form of refined sugar, from the results of this study obtained a system that is able to find the highest amount of sugar production per cuisine, namely in the form of types of supporting raw materials (Limestone CaO, HCL, NaOH) and types of main raw materials (Raw sugar). After conducting research through the heuristic search concept with the GnT method, from 3 types of supporting raw materials (type 1: supplier from PT. SAP, type 2: supplier from PT. MNA, type 3: supplier from PT. CKT) and 3 types of raw material main (raw sugar 1: import from Australia, raw sugar type 2: import from Vietnam, raw sugar type 3: import from Thailand) found an optimization of the two raw materials with the results of supporting material type "3" and main raw material type " 2 "with the amount of 123 tons per cuisine for refined sugar output, the results obtained are able to increase productivity in the refined sugar processing.

Effects of phlegm-resolving and stasis-removing herbal drugs on PGC-1α mRNA expressions and insulin resistance in NAFLD rats

Objective To explore the mechanism of phlegm-resolving and stasis- removing herbals on NAFLD by observing expressions of PGC1α mRNA and insulin resistance. Methods A total of 60 male SD rats were randomly divided into the normal group, model group, positive medication control group, high-dose, middle-dose and low-dose group. The rats were fed with high-fat forage for 8 weeks. The positive medication control group were gavaged with Dongbao-Gantai liquid (0.9 g/kg/day), the high-dose, middle-dose and low-dose group were gavaged with Xiaotan-Huayu liquid (43.34、32.50、21.67 g/kg/day), and normal group, model group were gavaged with equal volume of distilled water. The drugs were given by 1 ml/100 g and last for 8 weeks. The levels of TC, TG, FFA, ALT, AST, FBG, FINS, and HOMA-IR in serum, and levels of TC, TG, and PGC-1α mRNA and pathological morphological changes in hepatic tissue were observed after 8 weeks. Results The levels of TG (0.55 ± 0.10 mmol/L, 0.58 ± 0.09 mmol/L, 0.67 ± 0.11 mmol/L vs. 1.18 ± 0.15 mmol/L), TC (1.48 ± 0.24 mmol/L, 1.69 ± 0.27 mmol/L, 1.74 ± 0.27 mmol/L vs. 3.29 ± 0.26 mmol/L), FFA (251.08 ± 48.18 μmol/L, 277.53 ± 56.73 μmol/L, 291.82 ± 48.67 μmol/L vs. 432.19 ± 67.83 μmol/L), ALT (29.32 ± 4.17 U/L, 31.26 ± 4.74 U/L, 33.56 ± 5.18 U/L vs. 47.21 ± 8.67 U/L), AST (11.05 ± 2.18 U/L, 12.15 ± 2.67 U/L, 12.96 ± 2.93 U/L vs. 19.43 ± 3.68 U/L), FBG (5.68 ± 1.22 mmol/L, 6.86 ± 1.36 mmol/L, 7.94 ± 1.82 mmol/L vs. 11.88 ± 2.54 mmol/L), FINS (8.48 ± 1.22 mmol/L, 9.55 ± 1.95 mmol/L, 9.96 ± 1.74 mmol/L vs. 12.96 ± 2.67 mmol/L), HOMA-IR (1.91 ± 0.26, 2.91 ± 0.65, 3.52 ± 0.58 vs. 6.89 ± 1.21) in serum of high-dose, middle-dose and low-dose groups were decreased than model group. Levels of FFA (242.19 ± 35.13 μmol/L, 259.78 ± 29.33 μmol/L, 277.62 ± 34.29 μmol/L vs. 436.48 ± 52.15 μmol/L), TG (23.65 ± 3.28 mmol/L, 24.41 ± 3.15 mmol/L, 25.37 ± 3.59 mmol/L vs. 15.98 ± 2.37 mmol/L), TC (7.15 ± 0.82 mmol/L, 8.60 ± 0.95 mmol/L, 8.86 ± 1.04 mmol/L vs. 36.98 ± 4.28 mmol/L) were in hepatic tissue of high-dose, middle-dose and low-dose groups were significantly lower than the model group. The levels of PGC-1α mRNA (1.24 ± 0.06, 1.02 ± 0.07, 0.99 ± 0.08 vs. 0.43 ± 0.06) in hepatic tissue of high-dose, middle-dose and low-dose groups were significantly higher than model group. Conclusions The phlegm-resolving and stasis-removing herbals may improve lipid metabolism by regulating the expression of PGC-1α mRNA, inhibiting gluconeogenesis and liver sugar output, correcting disturbance of lipid metabolism and improving insulin resistance. Key words: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease; Phlegm-resolving and stasis-removing; PGC-1α; Rats

Biomass Energy for Economic and Environmental Sustainability in India

India has emerged as the biggest sugar producer after Brazil producing 32.2 million MT sugar which is nearly 20% of global sugar output and is the top most consumer of the sugar in the world. The Indian sugar industry which encompasses about 524 operating sugar mills, 180 integrated distilleries and 260 co-generation plants lacks sustainability and has now realized that sugar, molasses and bagasse can no longer be regarded as final product or by-products from sugar industry. Thus, value additions, diversifications and transformations are to be vigorously investigated as possible routes to new market and making sugar industry less dependent on single commodity, i.e., sugar. The future of the sugar industry, as a whole, lies in development of sugarcane bio-refineries, i.e., bio-electricity, bio-ethanol, bio-manure and chemicals, etc. Sugar industry can be potential source of providing renewable, clean and green bioenergy in the interest of the industry itself by creating value addition, energy security for the nation and also to address the environmental issues.

Выбор параметров бактерицидной обработки свеклы низкого качества перед закладкой на хранение

Высокий уровень производства свеклы как единственного отечественного источника сырья для производства сахара обеспечивает получение большого объема готовой продукции. Заготовленное сырье необходимо сохранить до момента переработки, не допуская развития заболеваний в период хранения корнеплодов. Многолетние обследования свекловичных посевов в разных районах Центрально-Чернозёмного региона выявили высокую вредоносность болезней корнеплодов сахарной свёклы, в том числе сосудистого бактериоза. Причинами массового развития болезней корневой системы являются нарушение агротехники возделывания, неблагоприятные погодные условия, преобладание восприимчивых к местным патогенам зарубежных гибридов в сортаменте культуры. Поражённое бактериями свекловичное сырьё со слабо выраженными симптомами болезни попадает на переработку как здоровое, что может являться одной из главных причин снижения выхода сахара на свеклосахарных заводах. В процессе хранения инфицированное сырьё легко подвергается микробиологической порче. Для подавления фитопатогенной микрофлоры наибольшее распространение получили химические способы защиты. В качестве бактерицидного препарата предлагается применение бензойной кислоты. Целью исследований являлось определение параметров бактерицидной обработки инфицированной сосудистым бактериозом сахарной свеклы перед закладкой на хранение, обеспечивающих сохранность ее качества. Для выбора параметров процесса использовали математические методы планирования эксперимента. В результате статистической обработки экспериментальных матричных данных при помощи программного комплекса SGWIN были получены уравнения регрессии, позволяющие оценить влияние исследуемых факторов Х1 и Х2 на эффективность обработки сахарной свеклы перед закладкой на хранение. Установлено, что обработка корнеплодов раствором бензойной кислоты концентрацией 0,1 % при расходе рабочего раствора 1,6 % к массе свеклы обеспечивает высокую эффективность переработки сырья: содержание белковых соединений в диффузионном соке – 0,25 мг/см³; содержание редуцирующих веществ 0,22 мг/см³ – в диффузионном соке и 0,046 мг/см³ – в очищенном соке; чистота диффузионного сока – 84,9 % и очищенного сока – 89,1 %; цветность очищенного сока – 322 ед. опт. плотности. Бактерицидная обработка перед закладкой свеклосырья на хранение при выбранных значениях параметров позволит снизить разложение белковых веществ на 22,6 %, образование редуцирующих веществ на 12,0 % в сравнении с корнеплодами, заложенными на хранение без обработки. Это обеспечит повышение качественных показателей диффузионного и очищенного сока, и, в конечном итоге, увеличение выхода сахара за счет снижения его потерь при хранении и переработке.

INVESTIGATION OF DISINFECTANT’S EFFECTIVENESS AS TO CONTAMINATING MICROFLORA IN SUGAR PRODUCTION

The article presents the results of the studies of the effectiveness of disinfection means, based on chlorinated guanidines, tetradic ammonium salts, dichlorisocyanuric acid, peracetic acid and hydrogen peroxide as to the contaminating microflora of sugar beets. There was investigated the influence of disinfectants on bacteria Bacillus subtilis, Leuconostoс mesenteroides, mycelia fungi Aspergillus niger, Penicillium chrysogenum and yeast Sacharomyses сerevisiae. It was experimentally established, that the studied means has the high effectiveness as to most microorganisms that cause saccharose losses in the process of its extracting from beet chip and result in worsening a technological quality of semi-products of beet-sugar. There was established the high effectiveness of modern disinfection means as to inhibiting slime-forming bacteria of Leuconostoc generis. There was proved a possibility of their use at different technological stages of beet-sugar production for preventing the development of mucous bacteriosis. It was determined that means consumption depends on a type and extent of microbiological contamination of raw materials, semi-products, technological waters at sugar production. There were established concentrations of the studied means as to inhibiting the development of main contaminants of the microflora of raw materials and semi-products in sugar production. There is offered to use the studied means in industrial beet-sugar production that would favor the decrease of microbial contamination of semi-products and the increase of a sugar output from a raw material unit.

Productivity of sugar beets depending on the method of main soil tillage and levels of fertilization

Soil tillage and fertilization level are important in the system of agro-technical measures that increase soil fertility and sugar beets productivity. Today the cultivation of this crop requires a great deal of expense, therefore, there is a need for a wider study of the use of cheap soil cultivation, soil protection, energy-saving soil tillage technologies and appropriate ferti-lization levels.
 Under western Forest-Steppe of Ukraine conditions, investigations were conducted on dark grey podzolic light loamy soils where the influence of tillage models and fertilization levels on the formation of sugar beets root crops was studied.
 Shallow no-plow tillage of the soil on 14-16 cm is expedient to use as a main tillage under sugar beets. Under favorable weather and climatic conditions, it can provide yielding capacity at the level of deep fall plowing. The use of shallow no-plow tillage helped to increase the yielding capacity of sugar beet roots relative to plowing by 28-30 cm for 1.3 t / ha and the biological sugar output – for 0.2 t / ha. Then the sugar content was by 0.1% higher in the application of deep fall plowing on 28-30 cm.
 The optimization of the system of sugar beets fertilization allows ensuring the growth of the yielding capacity of root crops. It is established that the application of fertilizer norm N300P225K350 provides the yielding capacity at the level of 90 t / ha. The sugar content of root crops at the given fertilizer rate was the lowest in the experiment - 16.5 – 16.6%. Thanks to the high yielding capacity of root crops in terms of N300P225K350, the sugar harvesting was the highest and depending on the method of basic soil tillage was 14.95 – 14.79 t / ha. That is in 3.2 times more as to the control, in 1.3 times more than the norm of N180P135K210 and in 1.1 more than the fertilization level N240P180K280.

ANALISIS DAYA SAING KOMPETITIF DAN KOMPARATIF PADA INDUSTRI KECIL GULA KELAPA DI DESA PURBOSARI KECAMATAN SELUMA BARAT KABUPATEN SELUMA

This research aimed at measuring the level of competitive and comparatives advantages of small palm sugar industries in Purbosari village Seluma Regency. This research used secondary and primary data. Respondents in this research censused from 80 palm sugar producers. The data collected from respondents is data weekly traced five successive weeks. Analysis method used cost unit approach to measure advantages level as proposed by Coocburn and Siggel (1998). The research showed that the average of unit cost ratio competitive and comparative advantage small palm sugar industries in the purbosari village is less than 1, that is, 0.65 and 0.42. This indicates that palm sugar in purbosari village has high competitiveness degree. Meanwhile. its NPCO value 0.64 indicating there is no government protection on palm sugar output.

Technical Efficiency of Sugar Industry in Sudan: Stochastic Frontier Approach

This paper employs Stochastic Frontier Analysis to estimate technical efficiency of major sugar producers in Sudan: Kenana sugar company and Sudan sugar company which owns Sennar, Assalaya, New Halfa, and Al-Genied plants. The production function of sugar output employs two inputs: capital, and labor. The finding of the paper indicate technical inefficiency (distance from optimum production frontier) of Sudan sugar company on average is about 13 percent, implying average output loss of (11,294) tons of sugar per annum for each producer. Estimation results in the paper also indicate kenana sugar company is performing at the highest level of efficiency in the group with only 0.12 percent of inefficiency score. The average output loss due to such technical inefficiency for Kenana company is estimated at 407 tons of sugar per annum. The finding in the paper indicate a major source of inefficiency of Assalya and Al-Genied plants is over staff of employment (or labor productivity decline) as well as under utilization of available capital stock. However, the technical inefficiency of Senar and New Halfa is due to shortage of labor (increasing return to scale) and under utilization of capital stock in the case of New Halfa and over utilization of capital in the case of Senar. Such managerial deficiencies of Sudan sugar company plants may be can be mitigated by reverting to a management style that involve private sector partnership.

Sugar, People and Politics in Zimbabwe’s Lowveld

The expansion of outgrower areas linked to large lowveld sugar estates has been an important component of Zimbabwe’s land reform since 2000. This has involved the transfer of nearly 16,000 ha to over 800 resettlement farmers on irrigated ‘A2’ plots of around 20 ha each. These farmers now produce around a quarter of the sugar output linked to the Triangle and Hippo Valley mills. Tongaat Hulett, a large South African conglomerate, is the dominant shareholder in Zimbabwe’s sugar industry, and its Zimbabwe operation represents a crucial part of the overall multi-million-dollar business. The new outgrowers are a mix of former civil servants, sugar industry professionals and business people, with some politicians and security service personnel also with land. Through a detailed analysis over 12 years of the changing fortunes of a group of new outgrowers linked to Hippo Valley estate, the paper explores the patterns of production, employment and wider livelihood contexts of outgrowers and their workers. In particular the paper examines the tensions and conflicts that have arisen, particularly between the new outgrowers and the estate. The paper in turn explores the implications for sugar politics in Zimbabwe’s Lowveld. The new outgrowers were drawn from a range of previous occupations and, compared to land reform beneficiaries in nearby dryland smallholder areas, were richer, better educated and more well-connected politically. The paper asks how this new group negotiated a relationship with a large-scale South African capitalist enterprise, and with what outcomes. More broadly, the paper examines how outgrowers, the state and capital brokered a politically and economically acceptable post-land reform deal, suiting all parties. Based on the longitudinal case study insights, the paper concludes with an assessment of whether Zimbabwe’s very particular sugar outgrower model of land reform will work, and if it does, for whom.

Crisis and Differentiation among Small-Scale Sugar Cane Growers in Nkomazi, South Africa

Against a context of declining sugar output in South Africa as a whole, the sugar industry in the Nkomazi Municipality of Mpumalanga Province has increased its share of the South African market. It has achieved this over a period of significant change in ownership, with the transfer of at least 25 per cent of land growing sugar cane into black community ownership through South Africa’s land reform programme. The industry now claims that the majority of land used for sugar cane in Nkomazi is owned by the beneficiaries of land reform. This paper examines the historical and contemporary trajectories of sugar cane production in Nkomazi, focusing particularly on the changing status of production on black-owned land. Among small-scale growers, a crisis in operation and maintenance of irrigation has prompted on the one hand a process of land concentration and ‘accumulation from below’, visible in the emergence of medium-scale growers, and, on the other hand, a move by the sugar milling company to take more direct control of sugar cane growing through rental agreements with small-scale landowners. The latter draws on recent experience of ‘joint-venture’ sugar cane production on land transferred to black ‘community trusts’ under the government’s land restitution programme. The paper argues that the moves to medium- and large-scale farming are consistent with the changing livelihoods and aspirations of black South Africans since the end of apartheid, but also suggests contradictions between the emergence of black capitalist medium-scale farmers on the one hand and extension of corporate control of production on the other. While corporate agriculture offers advantages to some, in particular farm employees and a small number of black-owned contractors, it appears to offer little benefit to the majority of African ‘landowners’ while potentially blocking the further expansion of medium-scale growers.

Scheduling Of The Crystal Sugar Production System in Sugar Factory Using Max-Plus Algebra

Sugar is the main trading commodity besides as basic human needs and be a source of energy and mostly traded in the form of solid crystals of sucrose or crystal sugar with cane as raw materials. Sugar production process is very complicated because it had to pass through various stages that require considerable time. The number of machines used in production system affects the complexity in the calculation of production scheduling. In addition, if there are errors in analyzing the operating time that is different for each product, it will cause a chaos in the production scheduling. These conditions encourage us to conduct a study on the production flow or flow lines with buffer. The buffer is used on multiple processors as a placeholder for semi-finished material before it is processed in the next processors. Buffers are used in the form of vessels with varying volume. In this study, the max-plus algebra is the method used to obtain crystal sugar production scheduling system in the sugar factory. From the flow lines that have been made then we derive a model of max-plus algebra to obtain a production schedule that starts with the milling process to obtain crystal sugar. Based on the max-plus algebra model, we also obtained sugar output schedule and some kind of waste. In addition, we obtained two periodicities of each processor, that is from milling processor until sulfitation of thick juice processor with periodicity 177.64 minutes and from vacuum pan A processor until mixer D2 processor with periodicity 1592.63 minutes, from these periodicities, we obtain a periodic production schedule for each processor.

Вивчення продуктивності сучасних гібридів цукрових буряків в умовах недостатнього вологозабезпечення

Introduction. Sugar beet - an important crop, but its genetic possibilities and limits of adaptive capacity are not studied fully. Studies of modern breeding hybrids in terms of alpine climate and inadequate moisture can detect patterns of growth and development of culture conditions limit factors and features sugar accumulation of significant levels of solar insolation. Modern hybrids of sugar beet can provide high sugar content and adaptability in the processing of raw materials, early development and excellent field germination, high potential yield and complex disease resistance, but they are created by breeders and reared in the traditional area, so it is unclear how to behave in growing limit on rainfall and other factors. Considering the above, the purpose of our work was to determine the level of productivity of modern hybrids of sugar beet in the conditions of Mongolia. Materials and methods of research. A study on the performance of new hybrids of sugar beet in the conditions of Mongolia conducted in the main the farming area of the country, particularly in the area of Dzunharaa, and the cityfor Darkhan 2014-2015 yy. Precipitation in Mongolia are not conducive to the cultivation of sugar beet as a whole than a year on average 220-250 mm falls, so to obtain stable yields of this crop requires irrigation. But mostly rainfall during June, July and August months, so they can be used for plant growth and development. Area elementary and accounting areas sown under 120 and 100 m 2 , repetition - fourfold, the study carried out by the "Methodology of Research in beet" Results and discussion. In conditions of arid spring and hot weather in late May and early June in Mongolia is severe dehydration the top layer of soil, resulting in the upper layers, especially in the area of the seeds soil moisture drops to critical parameters, such as soil layer 0...5 cm to 3.64 %, and at a depth of 5 cm to 10...12 %. Field studies conducted in conditions of Mongolia confirmed the growth and development of sugar beet plants in soil-climatic zone Darhanuulaimag. So, we found that density while building hybrid sugar beets was at 70.4 th.pcs./ha At the same time it is worth noting that the average density Dzunharaa we received at 66.7 ths. pcs./ha, and Darkhan it was slightly higher - 74.2 ths. pcs./ha. Overall, the average yield of sugar beet roots in experiments in. Dzunharaa was 32.4 t/ha, and in the city. Darkhan was at 45.0 t/ha. Top yields were hybrids breeding Ukrainian Institute of bioenergy crops and sugar beet NAAS of Ukraine Goliath and Zlyka. In soil and climatic conditions Darhanuulaimag they formed a yield of 44.1 and 44.0 t/ha, respectively. No less important factor in shaping the final performance of plant sugar beet is the sugar content in the roots. The results of field studies showed that the average sugar content in experimental crops in. Dzunharaa stands at 18.8 %, while in the city Darkhan - 22.3 %. A study on the performance of new hybrids of sugar beet in the conditions of Mongolia (Darhanuulaimag) have scientific value and prove the possibility of growing sugar beets in soil and climatic conditions of the area. Thus, hybrids breeding Institute of bioenergy crops and sugar beet NAAS of Ukraine provided their growing conditions in Mongolia were the most effective. Thus, the average yield of hybrids Ymansky CS 97, Ramses, Zlyka and Alexandria was at 41.5 t/ha, sugar content by 21 %, and in accordance with the estimated sugar output - 8.8 t/ha. Using hybrid breeding SES Vanderhave (Canyon and Impact) allowed the efficiency at 37.1 t/ha for sugar content of 19.1 % sugar and collecting 7.2 t/ha. However hybrids breeding establishments Poland (Janka, Yarysya) had slightly lower yield of roots (33.2 t/ha), and a relatively high sugar content – 21 %. However, in general, they provided a collection of sugar at 7.0 t/ha. Conclusions. Modern hybrids of sugar beet Ukrainian selection showed the high performance potential and provided yield at 41.5 t/ha, sugar content of 21.0 %, and the collection of sugar 8.8 t/ha (Darhanuulaimag) in 2014-2015. The results of our study revealed that soil and climatic conditions of Mongolia estimated resource potential of sugar beet irrigation is 30-50 t / ha.

Effect of some factors on biohydrogen production capacity of bacterium Clostridium sp. tr2 from molasses by micro-aerobic fermentation

In Vietnam, sugar industry is strongly developed. In this industry, sugar output not only satisfy domestic demand but also for the export and a large amount of molasses was not effectively used. Molasses containing the mixture of sugar and a little amount of vitamins and minerals could be used as materials for other industries. Biohydrogen production from molasses is regarded as a new, potential way to produce a clean, renewable energy with suitable price in order to satisfy the energy demand as well as to solve environmental pollution. In this paper, we studied the biohydrogen production from molasses by bacterium Clostridium Tr2 isolated from buffalo-dung in Vietnam using micro-aerobic fermentation. Various medium components (inoculum size, carbon and nitrogen sources, iron, sodium) and environmental factors (initial medium pH and temperature) were evaluated for their effects on the growth and the hydrogen production capacity by Clostridium sp. Tr2. Obtained results showed that the most suitable conditions for the growth and hydrogen production of strain Tr2 in dark, micro-aerobic fermentation consist of 10% (v/v) pre-culture, 15 ml/l molasses, 3 g/l yeast extract, 100 mg/l FeSO4.7H2O, initial medium pH 6.5, 30oC.

CHANGES EFFECT OF SUGAR IMPORT TARIFF IN INDONESIA

The purpose of this paper is to study the effect of sugar import tariffs changes since the tariff import is the only policy to increase the sugar domestic production. This analysis is performed using a CGE (computable general equilibrium) model of Indonesian economy in 2008. Results showed that the increases of sugar import tariff have some different conclusions. If sugar tariff import will rise to 41.6% and to 50%, the domestic output of sugar will increase about 1.89% and 3.77%; and household welfare would increase about 0.52 and 0.76%, respectively. But when the sugar import tariff is removed, domestic output of sugar and sugarcane have not changed, but the agricultural sector would reduce and income of all agents would decrease. Thus, the relevant tariff depends on the purpose of the government whether to increase domestic output and import or export of certain sectors, and the welfare of producers or consumers.

Engineering Cyanobacteria To Expel Sugars Helpful Step toward Making Fuels

Once genetically engineered in specific ways, an ordinary photosynthetic cyanobacterium boosts its sugar output and export considerably, moving such cells an important step toward commercially feasible use for making fuels and other carbon compounds, according to Pamela Silver of Harvard Medical School (HMS) in Boston, Mass., and her collaborators. Their research appears in the April 2012 Applied and Environmental Microbiology (78:2660–2668, doi:10.1128/AEM.07901-11).