Blood Sugar Levels Research Articles

Demographic and Lifestyle Factors Influencing Cardiovascular Health Among Construction Workers: A Cross-Sectional Analysis

This study examined cardiometabolic parameters and their relationships among construction workers with varying smoking status. This study examines construction workers' cardiovascular (CV) health status, the variations among gender, age, and education groups, and the interaction between CV health (CVH) variables and health practices. This cross-sectional study included 210 construction workers (159 non-smokers and 51 smokers). Anthropometric measures, blood pressure, fasting blood sugar, total cholesterol, and physical activity levels were evaluated. Pearson's correlation analysis was performed to evaluate associations between variables. Smokers exhibited higher physical activity levels (p=0.03), while pulse pressure was similar between groups. Body mass index had a weak positive connection with diastolic blood pressure (r=0.147, p=0.034) and pulse pressure (r=0.137, p=0.048). Systolic blood pressure (r=0.697, p<0.001) and pulse pressure (r=0.965, p<0.001) showed strong positive relationships, while physical activity had a modest link with fasting blood sugar (r=0.145, p=0.036). The study highlights the relationships between cardiometabolic factors and physical activity levels among construction workers, emphasizing the potential impact of lifestyle factors on cardiovascular health in this occupational group. About one-fourth of the construction workers accomplished only four of the seven "ideal" CVH markers. Because of their stressful jobs and unhealthy lifestyles, construction workers have a moderate to high risk of CV disease.

Association between Fat Intake, Dietary Fiber Intake, Physical Activity with Triglyceride Levels among Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients at Grogol Health Center, Sukoharjo

Background: Hyperlipidemia is closely associated with dietary intake and physical activity. Excessive dietary fat intake, inadequate dietary fiber, and low physical activity will increase the risk of obesity and lipid profile disorder among type 2 diabetics. Objectives: This study aimed to identify the association between fat intake, dietary fiber intake, and physical activity with triglyceride levels among type 2 diabetics. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted using Sequential Random Sampling on 31 patients with type 2 diabetes with dyslipidemia from Grogol Community Health Center, Sukoharjo, in March 2023. The 3x24-hour food recall nonconsecutive days was used to collect data on fat and fiber intake, the International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form (IPAQ-SF) was employed to obtain physical activity data, and the patient's medical record for the last month was utilized to obtain fasting blood sugar and triglyceride levels. The statistical test was carried out using the Spearman Rank correlation test. Results: Around 54.8% of subjects had excessive fat intake (60.90 g/day); 96.8% of subjects had severe deficit fiber intake (9.74 g/day); 51.6% of subjects had low physical activity (894.74 METs/minute/week). A statistically significant association exists between fat intake and level of triglyceride (p=0.005; r=0.493), but there was no significant association between dietary fiber intake and triglyceride levels (p=0.897; r=0.024), and there was no significant association between physical activity and level of triglyceride (p=0.394; r=-0.159). Conclusions: There is a significant association between fat intake and the level of triglyceride. As such, it is necessary to decrease intakes of saturated fat and trans fatty acids; replacing them with unsaturated fatty acids could be beneficial in lowering triglyceride levels.

Screening for Diabetes Mellitus and Hypertension in Duhok Governorate, Kurdistan Region of Iraq

Objective: To determine the prevalence and significant correlates of prediabetes (pre-DM), diabetes mellitus (DM), prehypertension (pre-HT), and hypertension (HT) among adults in all districts of Duhok Governorate through a community-based screening study. Methods: This is a cross-sectional community-based screening study involving 3,000 non-fasting adults not diagnosed as prediabetes or DM and prehypertension or HT conducted in all districts of Duhok Governorate. Random glucose and blood pressure reading according to American Diabetes Association and American Heart Association Guidelines in 2023 will be used in a community-based screening. BMI will be also calculated in the present study as a screening tool. Results: Findings reveal that 18.2% had DM, 14.7% had pre-DM and 41.3% had HT and 11.5% had pre-HT. The study also revealed that nearly two third had increased BMI in which 40.1% were overweight and 24.5% were obese. Among screened subjects 32% were smokers. Around half of screened subjects reported having family history of DM and HT, DM alone (10.8%), HT alone (12.1%) and 28.9% had family history of both DM and HT together. The study also shows that screened male subjects reported higher prevalence of pre-DM, DM, pre-HT and HT than screened female subjects. Older age group of screened subjects tend to have more abnormal blood sugar and blood pressure levels than younger age group. Conclusion: This study has shown a high prevalence of pre-DM, DM, pre-HT and HT among adults in all districts of Duhok Governorate. Significant correlates of pre-DM, DM, pre-HT and HT in this study were age, gender, BMI, smoking and family history.

Monitoring cysteine changes and assessing ferroptosis in diabetic mice with a lysosome-targeted near-infrared fluorescence probe

Diabetes, characterized by elevated blood sugar levels, often leads to various complications. Cysteine (Cys), a biomarker of oxidative stress, is crucial in the progression of diabetes and its complications. Unfortunately, up until now, fluorescent probes for imaging lysosomal Cys in diabetic mouse models have not been available. Ferroptosis, linked to antioxidant damage in the lysosomal Cys/GPX4 axis, plays a significant role in diabetes. Visualizing lysosomal Cys is vital for assessing ferroptosis and understanding diabetes. We introduce a new near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent probe, NIR-Lys-Cys, designed to detect lysosomal Cys in living cells and diabetic mouse models. This probe shows exceptional selectivity and sensitivity towards Cys, along with superior fluorescence characteristics, enabling detection of Cys in living cells. NIR-Lys-Cys can monitor ferroptosis and its inhibition by measuring lysosomal Cys levels and has been used to detect ferroptosis in glucose-induced diabetic cells. It revealed significantly lower Cys concentrations in the livers of diabetic mice compared to healthy controls. Administering antidiabetic medication increased Cys production in diabetic mice. These findings highlight the potential of NIR-Lys-Cys as a tool for elucidating the role of Cys in lysosome-related diseases, providing critical insights into diagnosis and treatment strategies for diabetes and its complications.

A review on medicinal plants for the management of diabetes mellitus

Diabetes is a metabolic disorder in which there are high levels of sugar in the blood, a condition called hyperglycemia. Under normal conditions, food is broken down to glucose which then enters the bloodstream and acts as fuel for the body. The pancreas produces a hormone called insulin which helps to carry glucose from the bloodstream into muscle, fat and liver where it can be used as fuel. Diabetics are not able to move this sugar out of the bloodstream because of two primary reasons as their pancreas does not produce enough insulin and/or their cells do not respond normally to insulin, a condition called insulin resistance. This is why people with diabetes have high blood sugar levels. Diabetes mellitus can induce life-threatening health problems such as blindness, heart disease, kidney damage, and stroke. Although the cure of DM has improved over the past decades, its morbidity and mortality rates remain high. Hence, new therapeutic strategies are needed to overcome the burden of this disease. One such prevention and treatment strategy that is easily accessible to diabetic patients at low cost is the use of medicinal plants The research objective of this review article is to study DM and explore its treatment modalities based on medicinal plants. Results of numerous scientific investigations revealed that chemical constituents present in some medicinal plants possess anti-hypoglycemic activities and show promise for the prevention and/or control of DM.

Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors ameliorate ER stress-induced pro-inflammatory cytokine expression by inhibiting CD36 in NAFLD progression in vitro

Sodium-dependent glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors, antidiabetic drugs that reduce blood sugar levels by inhibiting glucose reabsorption in the renal proximal tubules, also ameliorate nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). This study aimed to examine the effects of SGLT2 inhibition on hepatic steatosis and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) using an in vitro model of NAFLD progression. HepG2 cells and a coculture of Hepa1c1c7 and Raw 264.7 cells were treated with 400 μM palmitic acid (PA), followed by treatment with or without 10 μM empagliflozin and dapagliflozin. In HepG2 cells, PA increased hepatic lipid accumulation, the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β), exocytosis mediators (VAMP3 and SNAP23), and ER stress markers (GRP78, PERK, IRE1α, ATF6, ATF4, and CHOP), and the gene and protein expression of CD36. SGLT2 inhibitors reversed the effects of PA. SGLT2 inhibition via siRNA reduced proinflammatory-cytokine gene expression in thapsigargin-treated HepG2 cells. Transfection with CD36 siRNA reversed the elevated ATF4 and CHOP expression in PA-treated HepG2 cells. SGLT2 inhibition via an SGTL2 inhibitor and SGLT2 siRNA reduced CD36, Tnf-α, Il-6, Il-1β, Vamp2, Snap23, Atf4, and Chop expression in the PA-treated Hepa1c1c7–Raw 264.7 cell coculture and suppressed Tnf-α release in the Hepa1c1c7–Raw 264.7 cell coculture treated with lipopolysaccharide and PA. These findings indicate that SGLT2 inhibitors inhibited NAFLD progression by reducing hepatic lipid accumulation and inflammation.

A pre and post interventional audit of an 'apple juice on arrival' protocol to reduce excessive clear fluid fasting times in paediatric patients.

Many studies have reported prolonged fasting times in children, associated with negative metabolic and behavioural outcomes. We felt that although our paediatric preoperative clear fluid fasting guideline was only for 2 hours, prolonged fasting still occurred for some patients. We conducted an audit of paediatric fasting times, before and after introducing a new protocol of 'apple juice on arrival', in which, on arrival to the children's ward, all children received 3 ml/kg of apple juice. Data were collected prospectively from patients and their parents for two 4-week periods (before and after introduction of the protocol). Data included fasting time (solids and clear fluids), capillary blood glucose levels, knowledge of fasting requirements and sources of fasting information before surgery. Thirty-nine and 40 children, respectively, were included in each group before and after protocol introduction. Clear fluid fasting times reduced from an average of 9.9 hours pre-intervention to 3.5 hours post intervention (P < 0.01). In addition, mean preoperative blood sugar levels increased from 4.9 mmol/L (pre-intervention group) to 5.6 mmol/L in the post-intervention group (P < 0.001). The implementation of an apple juice on arrival protocol appeared to be an effective method to reduce clear fluid fasting times in children in our institution.

Tocotrienol-rich fraction (TRF) protects against retinal cell apoptosis and preserves visual behavior in rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetic retinopathy

BackgroundTocotrienol is a vitamin E analogue that is known to exert anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. Hence, in the current study, the effects of TRF on the expression of pro- and anti-apoptotic proteins in the streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat retinas were investigated. The effect of TRF on the visual behaviour of rats was also studied.MethodsDiabetes was induced in rats by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin and was confirmed by a blood sugar level of at least 20 mmol/L, 48 h, post-injection. Diabetic rats were divided into a group treated with vehicle (DV) and the other treated with TRF (100 mg/kg; DT). A group of non-diabetic rats treated with vehicle (N) served as the control group. All treatments were administered orally for 12 weeks. Rats were then subjected to an assessment of general behaviour in an open field arena and a two-chamber mirror test to assess their visual behaviour. At the end of the experimental period, rats were sacrificed, and their retinas were isolated to measure the expression of pro- (Casp3, Bax) and anti-apoptotic (Bcl2) markers using RT-qPCR and ELISA. TUNEL staining was used to detect the apoptotic retinal cells.ResultsTreatment with TRF lowered the retinal expression of Casp3 protein by 2.26-folds (p < 0.001) and Bax protein by 2.18-fold (p < 0.001) compared to vehicle-treated rats. The retinal anti-apoptotic protein Bcl2 expression was 1.87-fold higher in DT compared to DV rats (p < 0.001). Accordingly, the Bax/Bcl2 ratio in the TRF-treated group was significantly greater in DT compared to DV rats. Retinal Casp3, Bax, and Bcl2 gene expression, as determined by RT-qPCR, also showed changes corresponding to protein expression. In the open field test, DV rats showed greater anxiety-related behaviour than group N, while the behaviour of DT rats was similar to the N group of rats. DT rats and group N rats preferred the inverse mirror chamber over the mirror-containing chamber in the two-mirror chamber test (p < 0.01).ConclusionOral TRF therapy for 12 weeks lowers retinal cell apoptosis by decreasing pro- and increasing anti-apoptotic markers. The preservation of visual behaviour in a two-chamber mirror test supported these retinal molecular alterations in diabetic rats.

Causal Relationship Model of Health Literacy, Self-Efficacy Perception, Self-Care Behaviors on Blood Sugar Levels Among Elderly People with Type-2 Diabetes

Objective: To develop a causal relationship model of health literacy, self-efficacy perception, and Self-Care Behaviors on Blood Sugar Levels of Type 2 Diabetes on Elderly and check for the developed model's consistency with empirical data. Method: The sample consisted of 455 elderly people with type-2 diabetes who could not control their glycemic control using stratified sampling. The tool used to collect data was a questionnaire. The confidence value was 0.804-0.964. The LISREL program analyzed structural equation model data. Results: The developed causal relationship model consisted of self-care behaviors as direct negative causes of blood sugar levels. Health literacy and self-efficacy were negative indirect causes of blood sugar levels with self-care behavior as a carrier. The developed model was consistent with the empirical data with Chi-Square = 62.20, df= 54, relative Chi-Square = 1.15, p = 0.20733, RMSEA = 0.0183, RMR= 0.00895, SRMR = 0.0186, GFI = 0.983, AGFI = 0.962, CFI = 0.999, NFI = 0.989 and all variables contributed to the percentage variance in blood glucose level. at 97.8 %. Conclusion: The findings revealed that in caring for the elderly with type 2 diabetes, health literacy development must be considered, self-efficacy perception and better self-care behavior in order to help reduce blood sugar levels in this group of elderly people in the end.

Prediction model of weight control experience in men with obesity in their 30 s and 40 s using decision tree analysis

Obesity is an abnormal and potentially dangerous condition caused by excess body fat accumulation. The number of people with obesity is increasing worldwide. Obesity is the primary cause of various diseases; therefore, it is crucial to make efforts to control body weight. Identifying the factors that influence men with obesity to attempt to control and not control their weight is essential. The objective of this study was to create a prediction model for weight control experience among Korean men in their 30 s and 40 s. We analyzed data from the 2022 Community Health Survey and included 12,311 men who were overweight or obese. The men were divided into two groups based on their weight control experience: (1) Yes group (n = 9405) and (2) No group (n = 2906). Chi-square and independent t-tests were used to compare general and health-related characteristics between the groups. Decision tree analysis was used to build a prediction model for weight control experience. A split-sample test was conducted to validate the model. From the results of this study, various models predicting weight control experience were derived. From the decision tree model without setting the first node, those who weighed below average, had a high school diploma or less, and did not know their blood sugar levels had the highest probability of not controlling their weight at 55.3%. In the prediction model where the first node was set to age, those in their 40 s who thought their weight was below average and were unaware of their blood sugar levels had the highest rate of not trying to control their weight at 50.1%. In the prediction model where the first node was set to BMI, those who were overweight but thought their weight was below average and had a high school diploma or less had the highest rate of not trying to control their weight at 51.5%. There is an urgent need to provide obesity prevention and management education to those who have no weight control experience, particularly those at high risk, as identified in this study.

Comparison of St. John's wort oil and thiocilline ointment on wound healing in a diabetic rat model

Aims: In diabetic patients, wound healing is impaired and wounds are often infected with multifactorial agents. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of St. John’s wort and ointment containing bacitracin-neomycin (thiocilline) to improve wound healing in a diabetic infected wound model. Methods: Rats in which diabetes was induced by administering 60 mg/kg streptozotocin (STZ) were considered diabetic if their blood sugar levels were above 300 mg/dl 72 hours later. Group 1: Control (Non diabetic) group, Group 2: Diabetes group. During wound care, both groups were disinfected with povidone iodine (PI) and the right lumbar region of each rat was dressed with thiocilline and the left lumbar region was dressed with St. John’s wort oil. Considering the wound healing period, the study was terminated after an average of 20 days. In histopathological examination, ulceration, necrosis, epithelialization, congestion, edema, polymorphous nucleated leukocyte (PNL), monocyte, fibroblast, and neovascularization were evaluated. Results: In histopathological evaluation, there was a statistically significant decrease in ulceration and necrosis in the group treated with St. John’s wort oil compared to the group given thiocilline (p=0.04). In terms of epithelialization, there was a statistically significant increase in the group dressed with St. John’s wort oil compared to the group given thiocilline (p=0.03). There was a statistically significant decrease in congestion and edema in the group treated with St. John’s wort oil compared to the group given thiocilline (p=0.03). There was a statistically significant increase in fibroblast and neovascularization in the group treated with St. John’s wort oil compared to the group given thiocilline (p=0.02). Conclusion: Histopathologic ally, epithelialization, fibroblast, and neovascularization, which have important functions in the wound healing process, increased in diabetic rats administered St. John’s wort. Although it is used in traditional medicine due to its antidepressant effectiveness, we believe that St. John’s wort can be used in wounds that develop in diabetic patients, as it has the potential to increase the wound healing process.

Total Phenolics, Flavonoids, and ɑ-Glucosidase Inhibitory Activity of Red Betel (Piper crocatum) Extract in Various Solvents

Alpha-glucosidase enzyme activity needs to be inhibited to avoid increasing blood sugar levels in diabetics. Red betel leaf extract is reported to have active compounds such as phenolics and flavonoids that have alpha-glucosidase enzyme inhibition activity. Previous research showed that 70% betel leaf extract has an ɑ-glucosidase enzyme inhibition activity of 69.84%, but it is not yet known how the effect of extracts with different levels of polarity on the inhibition activity of alpha-glucosidase enzyme. This study aimed to determine extracts that have optimal levels of phenolic and flavonoid content and the highest suppression of α-glucosidase activity. The multistage maceration method was used to extract red betel leaf simplicia using solvents with different levels of polarity (n-hexane, ethyl acetate, methanol). Tests were conducted on overall phenolic concentration, flavonoids, and ɑ-glucosidase inhibition ability. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA test with Tukey's further test (p&lt;0.05). The results of the assessment of phenolic concentration, flavonoids, and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity as a whole showed statistically significant differences (p&lt;0.05) in all extracts with the highest total phenolic and flavonoid content found in the n-hexane extract of 25.68 ± 0.29 mg GAE/g and 65.84 ± 0.96 mg QE/g respectively. Meanwhile, methanol extract of red betel leaf became the best extract in this study with the greatest inhibition among all extracts with a percent α-glucosidase inhibition value of 43.87 ± 1.83%.

Controlling Blood Sugar Levels with Diet in Diabetes Mellitus Sufferers: Literature Review

Wrong eating patterns in Diabetes Mellitus (DM) sufferers will cause blood sugar levels increases, so dietary factors or planning eating is very important in control blood sugar levels. Good diet​​ become component main success DM management. The purpose of study This is For know control blood sugar levels with diet in diabetes mellitus sufferers through literature study. Search journal using Google database schoolar, pubmed , conchrance and springer ago produced 3 journals For followed up. Journal analyzed using appropriate PRISMA diagrams with inclusion criteria used​ that is journal use Language English and Indonesian, using design RCT research, and published between January 2018 to June 2024 about control blood sugar levels with diet in diabetes mellitus sufferers. Proven diet capable lowering blood sugar in diabetes mellitus sufferers.

Comparison of Glucose and Immunoglobulin a Levels in Serum and Saliva of Patients with Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes

Introduction: The monitoring and management of blood glucose levels are of significant importance in individuals diagnosed with diabetes mellitus. Accordingly, the objective of this study was to examine the potential of a non-invasive approach for the diagnosis and management of diabetes, through the measurement of glucose concentration and salivary IgA, and a comparison with fasting glucose and serum IgA levels in individuals with type 1 and 2 diabetes, in relation to a control group of healthy individuals. Methods: This case-control study was conducted on 76 individuals with diabetes (31 with type 1 diabetes and 45 with type 2 diabetes) and 24 healthy individuals. After obtaining the code of ethics and informed consent, serum and salivary IgA levels as well as fasting glucose, were measured for each participant. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 16 statistical software and the Spearman, Kruskal-Wallis, and Mann-Whitney tests. Results: The results showed a significant difference among the three groups (type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, and healthy group) based on Fasting Blood Glucose, Hemoglobin A1c, Immunoglobulin A, salivary sugar, and salivary IgA (p&lt;0.001). Additionally, in the case group, parameters such as FBS, HbA1c, and salivary IgA showed a significant correlation with salivary sugar. Conversely, in the control group, only the salivary sugar level demonstrated a significant relationship with serum glucose level. The study's findings indicated that serum and salivary IgA levels were lower and higher, respectively, in the control subjects compared to the diabetic group (p&lt;0.001). Conclusion: In healthy individuals, salivary sugar can serve as an indicator to determine fasting blood sugar levels. In diabetic patients, salivary sugar can predict of FBS, HbA1c, and salivary IgA levels.

Management of Microcomplications of Diabetes Mellitus: Challenges, Current Trends, and Future Perspectives in Treatment.

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by high blood sugar levels, which can lead to severe health issues if not managed effectively. Recent statistics indicate a significant global impact, with 463 million adults diagnosed worldwide and this projected to rise to 700 million by 2045. Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disorder where the immune system attacks pancreatic beta cells, reducing insulin production. Type 2 diabetes is primarily due to insulin resistance. Both types of diabetes are linked to severe microvascular and macrovascular complications if unmanaged. Microvascular complications, such as diabetic retinopathy, nephropathy, and neuropathy, result from damage to small blood vessels and can lead to organ and tissue dysfunction. Chronic hyperglycemia plays a central role in the onset of these complications, with prolonged high blood sugar levels causing extensive vascular damage. The emerging treatments and current research focus on various aspects, from insulin resistance to the intricate cellular damage induced by glucose toxicity. Understanding and intervening in these pathways are critical for developing effective treatments and managing diabetes long term. Furthermore, ongoing health initiatives, such as increasing awareness, encouraging early detection, and improving treatments, are in place to manage diabetes globally and mitigate its impact on health and society. These initiatives are a testament to the collective effort to combat this global health challenge.

Non-tunneled haemodialysis catheter-related blood stream infections and associated factors among first time haemodialysis patients: a prospective study from a tertiary care hospital in Sri Lanka

BackgroundA significant number of patients require non-tunneled haemodialysis catheters (NTHCs) in the event of an urgent need for immediate haemodialysis in developing countries. Catheter-related bloodstream infections (CRBSIs) are a major concern in haemodialysis, but there is a lack of local epidemiological data. This study aimed to determine the incidence of CRBSI, causative agents and associated risk factors in a tertiary care hospital in Sri Lanka.MethodsA prospective study was conducted at the dialysis unit of Colombo South Teaching Hospital, Sri Lanka from December 2019 to August 2020. Adult patients who had haemodialysis for the first time with NTHCs were included.ResultsOf 149 dialysis patients (104—jugular vein and 45—femoral vein, mean age 58 ± 13.7 years, mean duration of catheterization 7.9 ± 3.4 days), the incidence of CRBSI was 13.58 per 1000 catheter days. Serum albumin levels, capillary blood sugar levels at admission, haemoglobin levels and duration of catheterization were significantly associated with CRBSI. Prescence of diabetes and patients with ESRD who started routine haemodialysis had a significantly higher risk of CRBSI. Gram-positive bacteria were the most common microorganisms associated with CRBSI (87.5%).ConclusionsOur results show high rates of infection with temporary vascular catheters in Sri Lanka, mainly due to Gram-positive bacteria. Diabetes mellitus, duration of catheterisation, low serum albumin, haemoglobin level and CBS on admission were identified as significant risk factors for CRBSI. Management strategies tailored to specific centers should be established in the nation to optimise catheter care and to monitor local microbiology for appropriate empirical antimicrobial treatment.

Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome in Patients With Psoriasis Vulgaris: A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study.

Introduction Psoriasis is a chronic, recurrent inflammatory skin condition that affects 1-3% of the global population. Increasing evidence suggests a higher prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) among individuals with psoriasis. This study aims to investigate the prevalence of MetS in patients with psoriasis and compare the findings with existing literature. Methods This cross-sectional, hospital-based study included 311 patients with psoriasis. Data were retrospectively collected from hospital records. Results The study included 311 patients with psoriasis (144 females and 167 males), with a mean age of 41.6 years (range 18-87). The mean BMI was 27.13 ± 5.29 kg/m², and the average waist circumference was 93 cm. Mean fasting blood sugar levels were 100 mg/dL, mean high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol was 44 mg/dL, and mean triglycerides were 132 mg/dL. MetS was diagnosed in 60 patients (19.3%). Patients with MetS had significantly higher mean waist circumference, higher rates of hypertriglyceridemia, hyperglycemia, and hypertension, and lower mean HDL levels (p < 0.05). There was no significant association between MetS and psoriasis severity, disease duration, family history, smoking, or alcohol consumption habits. Conclusions In this study, the prevalence of MetS among patients with psoriasis was 19.3%. MetS prevalence was not linked to smoking status, alcohol consumption, family history of psoriasis, disease duration, or severity. It is crucial for dermatologists treating psoriasis patients to be aware of MetS, its components, and associated cardiovascular risks.

Evaluation of thyroid hormones in type 1 diabetes mellitus

Background and objective: Increased blood sugar levels (hyperglycemia) and lack of insulin are a hallmark of Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), which is a chronic autoimmune illness results from the destruction of pancreatic beta –cells. The most common causes of hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism are autoimmune diseases Hashimoto's thyroiditis and Graves’ disease, respectively. Because type 1 diabetes includes autoimmunity as a pathophysiological trigger, it is not uncommon to investigate patients with both diabetes and thyroid problems. The aim of the study is to evaluate serum thyroid hormones in patients with type1 diabetes mellitus. Methods: In this study 104 participants were included, 52 patients with type1 diabetes, and 52 healthy individuals. Blood samples were taken, and serum thyroid hormones levels were measured and the results of cases and controls were analyzed and compared using SPSS program. Results: It was found that the levels of T4 among non- diabetic participants were higher than those of diabetic patients. (P &lt;0.001). There is a negative correlation between BMI and fasting blood glucose in T1 diabetic patients according to regression test it has been shown that any increase in the FBG leads to decrease in the BMI. Conclusion: The present study shows that type 1 diabetes mellitus may affect thyroid gland and thyroid hormone levels, that may result in thyroid dysfunction.

EFFECTIVENESS OF WEST SUMATRAN DADIAH ON REDUCING HYPERGLYCAEMIA AND LIPID PROFILE IN DIABETIC RATS

The high incidence of DM (Diabetes Mellitus) has made diabetes a global health problem that is often associated with other health problems and high treatment costs. For this reason, complementary therapies such as Dadiah are needed. Dadiah is fermented buffalo milk from West Sumatra. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of Dadiah on reducing hyperglycaemia and lipid profile of diabetic model rats. The experimental study used 25 rats divided into five groups. Group 1 was negative control, group 2 was positive control, group 3 was DM rats with Dadiah intervention at a dose of 3g/300gBB, group 4 was DM with metformin 13.5mg/kgBB, and group 5 was DM with a combination of Dadiah and Metformin. After STZ induction, each group was given the intervention for six weeks, and the blood sugar and cholesterol levels were observed. The average decrease in blood sugar levels and cholesterol levels close to the negative control group was obtained in the Dadiah and metformin combination treatment group (P3) with an average blood sugar level of 124.2 mg/dL, total cholesterol level of 78.4 mg/dL, HDL level of 28.2 mg/dL, LDL level of 27.8 mg/dL and triglycerides 113.6 mg/dL. The administration of Dadiah and the combination of Dadiah with Metformin proved to have the highest effectiveness in alleviating hyperglycaemia and hypercholesterolemia in diabetes mellitus model rats.

Exploring Factors Influencing Stroke Risk: Insights From a Predictive Analysis.

Introduction Stroke is a serious medical condition characterized by the sudden interruption of blood flow to the brain, resulting in the death of brain cells. It is a leading cause of long-term disability and mortality worldwide. Stroke has some associated risk factors, both modifiable and non-modifiable ones.As for non-modifiable risk factors, these are age, gender (men are more vulnerable), and family history of stroke.The controllable or adjustable risk factors include hypertension (high blood pressure), diabetes, smoking, high cholesterol levels, obesity, and insulin resistance. Methods In our study, we collected data from 229 patients which were originally collected for clinical purposes and were retrospectively analyzed. These data contain features such assex and age, the presence of ischemic heart disease (IHD) or stroke history, and different blood sugar readings. These measurements include fasting blood sugar (FBS), postprandial blood sugar (PPBS), HbA1c%, and insulin levels (fasting and postprandial).Furthermore, cholesterol was also tested, such as total cholesterol, triglycerides (TGL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL). Surprisingly, stroke was observed in 24of the 205 patients. This contrast permits us to be concerned with the chance of the association between stroke and insulin levels. Given the imbalanced nature of our outcome variable (stroke occurrence), the primary analytical method will be logistic regression. Results In this cross-sectional study, we investigated the association between high insulin levels (both fasting and postprandial) and the occurrence of stroke within a dataset of 229 patients. Out of the 229 included cases, 102 individuals were female (44.5%) and 127 individuals were male (55.5%). Twenty-four cases have ischemic heart disease (10.5%). Among the analyzed cases, 24 individuals have a history of stroke. The average age of the sample is approximately 57 years ± 14.87. There was no significant difference between the males and females in most of the descriptive statistics. However, females experienced significantly higher levels of postprandial glucose level and significantly lower levels of postprandial insulin. According to our predictive model, we found that an increase in fasting insulin levels was linked to a lower risk of stroke occurrence. On the other hand, increasing insulin postprandial levels and age were associated with an increased risk of stroke. Conclusion Our study identified age, fasting insulin, and postprandial insulin as key factors influencing stroke risk. Higher fasting insulin levels were associated with reduced risk, while increased postprandial insulin and age were linked to higher risk. Blood glucose, cholesterol, and triglycerides had minor effects. Notably, higher total cholesterol and triglyceride levels were slightly associated with lower stroke occurrence. Further research with larger samples is needed for validation.