Sugar Decolorization Research Articles

Decolorization of sugar preserved figs browning

Browning syrup decolorization in the fig candied fruit production influences the quality of products seriously.In order to ensure the quality of products and improve the production efficiency,it was necessary to research the browning syrup decolorization. Through single factor test and orthogonal test by joint discoloring agent,the optimum process conditions were: bamboo powder activated carbon + H103 resin,decolorizing time 60~70 min,decolorization p H7.0,decolorization temperature 48 ℃,decolorant ratio m( H103)∶ m( bamboo powder activated carbon)=1∶ 2.0,reductant dosage 6.5 g /20 m L raw sugar liquor.Under these conditions,the following results were received.Firstly,the sugar decolorization rate reached 85.68% ± 0.18%( p < 0.05). Secondly,under the same solid content and colourity,compared with the decolorized syrup prepared by the method and the syrup directly made of white sugar,total sugar content decreased slightly( 2.36% low ± 0.08%,p < 0.05),but reducing sugar content increased slightly( 2.16% ± 0.08%,p < 0.05),also contained protein( 132.4 ± 12.4) mg / kg( p < 0.05) and anthocyanins( 9.6 ±2.2) mg / kg( p < 0.05). And this method also led to better storage effect and stability. The fig candied fruit trial product was in full compliance with the requirements of candied fruit quality standard in China. Therefore,this method could realize the comprehensive utilization of sugar browning,and should be used in the production of viable.

Production of bio-oil and activated carbon from sugarcane bagasse and molasses

In this study, the production of bio-oil and activated carbon from sugarcane bagasse and molasses was investigated via pyrolysis and CO2 activation. The pyrolysis process yielded char, bio-oil, and gases in 25.90, 41.11, and 32.99 wt%, respectively. The properties and characteristics of obtained bio-oil are comparable with the proposed specifications of the various grades of pyrolysis oils and could find potential application as fuel or source of a number of valuable chemicals. The activation process with CO2 showed it was possible to obtain activated carbon with surface area up to 900 m2 g−1 over 4.5 h activation time with a predominance of micro- and mesopores. The bagasse-based activated carbon was found to be efficient in comparison to commercial activated carbon in removing molasses color, and might provide a lower-cost alternative adsorbent for use in sugar decolorization in raw sugar refining.

Microbial Treatment to Black Liquor

Black liquor is released from pulp and paper industry. It is hazardous in nature and harmful to environment. We have screened bacterial cultures for treatment of black liquor. 18 bacterial cultures were used for screening of biodegradation of black liquor (1:5 diluted). We have used two different pH i.e. 9.0 and 5.5 for study. Among bacterial cultures we attempted to use Pseudomonas sp., Arthrobacter, Pseudomonas fluroscence and Pseudomonas pudita for screening. Baker's yeast was also used for study at pH 9.0 and 5.5. Study of sugar utilization, phenol degradation and decolorization was carried out. Pseudomonas fluorescens NCIM 2174 utilized 47.5% sugar at pH 9. In case phenol degradation, 30.35% degradation was observed by Arthrobacter simplex NCIM 2449 at pH 9. 27.85% decolorization by done by Pseudomonas putida NCIM 2872 at pH 5.5. Pseudomonas fluorescens NCIM 2174 has shown 10.36% phenol degradation and 2.76% decolorization at pH 9. Arthrobacter simplex NCIM 2449 utilized 37.7% sugar and 8.23% decolorization observed at pH 9. 4.34% sugar utilization and 17.71% phenol degradation was observed with Pseudomonas putida NCIM 2872 at pH 5.5. Baker's yeast has shown 10.94% sugar utilization and 15.59% decolorization at pH 5.5. 14.27% phenol degradaton was obseved with Baker's yeast at pH 9.

Environmentally friendly preparation of a strong basic anion exchange fibers and its application in sugar decolorization

An efficient route for the synthesis of a strong basic anion exchange fibers is described. In this synthesis route, the commercially available p-chloromethylstyrene was directly grafted onto a polypropylene fiber substrate, which eliminated the need of the highly carcinogenic chloromethyl methyl ether in the chloromethylation of grafting fiber. Several interdependent parameters such as monomer concentration, bath ratio and the influence of solvents on the grafting copolymerization were investigated. The removal efficiency of sugar colorants by the anion exchange fibers was evaluated. The results show that simultaneous irradiation and grafting p-chloromethylstyrene onto polypropylene fiber can obtain a good grafting level under appropriate conditions. The optimal monomer concentration and bath ratio are 40% and 1:30 for a moderate grafting degree and the suitable solvent is toluene. The grafted fiber changed from flexible to rigid. And the prepared material maintains stable before 134.5°C. The static ion exchange capacity of the synthesized anion exchange fiber is up to 4.72mmolg−1 and the fiber possesses better ability to remove sugar colorants. The experimental results indicate that the decolorization ratio of the product anion exchange fibers was greater than that of commercial material.

Preparation of a bagasse‐based anion exchange fiber for sugar decolorization

AbstractSugar bagasse was converted into an anion‐exchanger through grafting acrylamide using (NH4)2Fe(SO4)2/H2O2 as initiator in an aqueous system, followed by reacting with ethylenediamine and hydrochloric acid. The effects of the grafting conditions such as monomer concentration, temperature, reaction time on the degree of grafting were investigated. The ion exchange capacity of the sugar bagasse base anion‐exchange fiber (SB‐IEF) was up to 3.70 mmol/g. Application of the SB‐IEF in sugar decolorization was evaluated. Compared with commercial strong basic anion exchange resin (AIER) and strong basic anion exchange fiber (AIEF), SB‐IEF showed the highest static decolorization capacity for sugar colorants (decolorization degree 71.40%), followed by AIEF (decolorization degree 68.74%) and AIER (decolorization degree 31.40%) at the same operating conditions. The dynamic decolorization results indicated that SB‐IEF showed larger processing volume than AIER and AIEF. SB‐IEF with higher grafting degree would have a higher decolorization degree. When 200 mL 2% brown granulated sugar solution was treated with 1 g SB‐IEF (grafting degree 82%), 80% decolorization degree could be achieved. The research results may provide a recyclable route for the comprehensive utilization of by‐products of sucrose industry. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012

Sugar Decolorization through Selective Adsorption onto Functionalized Accurel Hydrophobic Polymeric Support

The functionalized polypropylene-based hydrophobic Accurel products were probed for their use in sugar decolorization. The pore distribution of Accurel products falls between the macroporous and mesoporous domains. Their specific surface areas are typically in the range SBET = 20–35 m2/g. Commercial decolorizing activated charcoal and ion-exchange resin (Indion 803-S) were chosen for comparison with the Accurel products. The adsorption capacities of the characterized adsorbents were found to be comparable to those of adsorbents currently used for sugar refining. Geometrical optimization was performed at the density functional theory (DFT) level to gain insight into the mode of interaction between the quaternary ammonium cation containing methyl groups attached to the nitrogen center. The alkyl chain can be assumed as the bulky surface on which the quaternary ammonium nitrogen was attached. The electrostatic potential surface of the ammonium cation indicates that methyl groups are bulky enough to resist the attack of the carboxylate anion of the phenolics on the nitrogen center. However, there are possibilities for hydrophobic interactions between the methyl functional group and phenolic acids. Urea, a hydrogen-bond breaker, reduced the decolorizing efficiency, suggesting hydrophobic adsorption. In this article, we describe a new sugar decolorization process for application in sugar refineries. It is our view that the information contained herein will be useful for designing sugar decolorization units.

Potentials of separation membranes in the sugar industry

There are described some applications of membrane separation, e.g. reverse osmosis in the treatment of sugar beat press water, recovery of salt from waste brine at a sugar decolorization plant or microfiltration and ultrafiltration of raw sugar juice, as an alternative to chemical purification process. The last case is completed by original experimental work. Samples were treated with cross flow micro- and ultrafiltration on ceramic membranes having porosity 20 and 50 nm. The changes in the content of sucrose, invert sugar and lactic acid were observed, resulting in increasing the juice purity from the initial value 89% to the final value 91‐92%. In addition, permeate can be a subject for direct crystallisation after thickening to produce the final product. Retentate purity decreased to 87‐88%. For nanofiltration tests (NF) there has been designed a special stainless steel cross-flow dynamic cell for pressures up to 4 MPa. The preliminary NF tests were focused on testing different commercial flat polymeric membranes (Hydronautics-Nitto Denko, Osmonics-Desal). © 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

Surface properties of granular activated carbons from agricultural by-products and their effects on raw sugar decolorization

Granular activated carbons (GACs) were produced from sugarcane bagasse combined with one of two binders (corn syrup, coal tar) by physical activation and from pecan shells by physical and chemical activation. GACs were evaluated for their physical (hardness, bulk density), chemical (ash, pH), surface (surface area, pore size distribution, surface chemistry), and adsorption properties (molasses color removal, sugar decolorization) and compared with two commercial reference carbons. Results showed that larger surface area, a well-developed macro- and mesoporosity, and a minimal surface charge were desirable in GACs designed for sugar decolorization. Steam activation of pecan shells carbon was the only by-product-activation combination that produced GAC with all the above three desirable characteristics of a good sugar decolorizer. Chemical activation of pecan shells yielded GACs with high surface area and adequate pore size distribution but with large surface charge. In contrast, sugarcane bagasse-based GACs exhibited low surface areas and unsatisfactory physical/chemical properties.

Production of granular activated carbons from select agricultural by-products and evaluation of their physical, chemical and adsorption properties

Representative samples of soft, low density, group 1 (rice straw, rice hulls, sugarcane bagasse) and hard, high density, group 2 agricultural by-products (pecan shells) were converted into granular activated carbons (GACs). GACs were produced from group 1 and 2 materials by physical activation or from group 2 materials by chemical activation. Carbons were evaluated for their physical (hardness, bulk density), chemical (ash, conductivity, pH), surface (total surface area), and adsorption properties (molasses color removal, sugar decolorization) and compared with two commercial reference carbons. The results show that the type of by-product, binder, and activation method determine the properties of GACs. Regardless of the binder, sugarcane bagasse showed a better potential than rice straw or rice hulls as precursor of GACs with the desirable properties of a sugar decolorizing carbon. Pecan shells produced GACs that were closest to the reference carbons in terms of all the properties investigated.

Removal of sugar colorants by granular activated carbons made from binders and agricultural by-products

Twenty-four granular activated carbons (GACs) made from mixtures of four binders (coal tar, sugarcane molasses, sugar beet molasses, corn syrup) and three agricultural by-products (rice hulls, rice straw, sugarcane bagasse) were evaluated for their ability to remove sugar colorants (molasses color removal, sugar decolorization). These properties were compared to the same properties of two commercial reference carbons. GACs made from sugarcane bagasse, in general, possessed the best ability to remove sugar colorants and were closest to the reference carbons in this regard. In fact, the four highest ranked GACs all used bagasse as a feedstock along with four different binders. Therefore, the ability to remove sugar colorants appears to be by-product dependent with the binder playing a minor role.

Activated Carbon for Sugar Decolorization

Activated Carbon for Sugar Decolorization