Sugar Control Research Articles

The Influence of GLP1 on Body Weight and Glycemic Management in Patients with Diabetes—A Scientometric Investigation and Visualization Study

Diabetes medications can affect weight and cardiovascular health. Some medications can aid in weight management, while others may lead to weight gain. Patients must be monitored and receive appropriate care to manage weight and prevent cardiovascular complications. Despite advancements in diabetes treatments that can influence weight and cardiovascular outcomes, ongoing research is necessary in this intricate field. Long-term effects, individual variations, and combination therapies are still subjects of uncertainty and ongoing investigation. The major objective of the research is to evaluate the impact of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) on body weight in diabetic patients through a scientometric assessment. Methodology: Research data were gathered from the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) database by searching for the keywords “Body Weight”, dulaglutide, and semaglutide, identifying 60 relevant articles in the field. While there are advantages in managing diseases in which the cardiovascular system is implicated, there are also clinical considerations for personalized medicine and shared decision-making. The scientometric analysis of the articles revealed important insights into how dulaglutide and semaglutide impact weight management and their potential benefits for managing cardiovascular diseases in individuals with diabetes. Conclusions: Semaglutide shows superior outcomes compared to other commercially available GLP-1RAs, particularly in improving blood sugar control, lowering body weight, and addressing other cardio-metabolic risk factors in individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). The findings suggest that GLP-1 RAs have the potential to provide cardiovascular protection by influencing various physiological factors such as blood pressure, pulse rate, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels, and the urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (RAC). The development and validation of the 4GI model provides a sophisticated tool for evaluating the complex interactions involved in diabetes treatments, offering insights into the mechanisms of action of various medications.

Relationship Between Diet and Nutritional Status with Blood Sugar Levels in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Outpatients at RSUD Ibnu Sina Gresik

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus is a chronic disease with an increasing incidence in Indonesia and is closely related to blood sugar control. This study was conducted aimed to analyze the relationship between diet and nutritional status with blood sugar levels in outpatients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus at Ibnu Sina Gresik Hospital. A cross-sectional study design was employed along with observational analysis. The sample included 34 patients selected using the Accidental Sampling technique. Data were collected through interviews, questionnaires, measurements of height and weight, and laboratory results. The study was conducted from December 2023 to April 2024, and the data were analyzed using univariate and bivariate analysis using the chi-square test. The results showed that patients with poor diet and overweight tend to have abnormal blood sugar levels, with p=0.014 for diet and p=0.023 for weight gain, both significant (p<0.05). In conclusion, there is a relationship between diet and nutritional status and blood glucose levels in patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. It is recommended, patients should implement a diet according to the 3J principle, do sufficient physical activity, regularly monitor blood sugar levels, and make dietary changes such as reducing simple carbohydrates and sugar to manage blood sugar levels.

A Comprehensive Approach for Diabetic Foot Ulcer Management

Objectives: This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of a comprehensive management plan in the treatment of diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs). Evaluating the effects of wound debridement on the outcomes of diabetic foot ulcers, advanced dressings, blood sugar control, and offloading strategies are the main objectives. The study also intends to investigate the function of surgery in managing chronic ulcers and preventing recurrences. The goal is to offer advice for managing DFUs optimally and lowering related morbidity based on evidence. Method: The intervention program includes techniques like wound debridement, advanced dressings, unloading modalities, blood sugar level control, and, where necessary, surgical treatments. Growth factors, electrical stimulation, negative pressure wound therapy, bio-engineered skin, and hyperbaric oxygen therapy are among the many treatments that are included. Regression models are among the statistical analyses used to assess the efficacy of the overall management strategy. Results: Significant findings are presented in the results section, which shows how the holistic management strategy improves DFU outcomes. Improved wound healing rates, reduced infection incidents, and enhanced patient-reported outcomes are highlighted. The results underscore the significance of maintaining blood sugar levels, wound debridement, and incorporating various therapeutic modalities in DFU management. Conclusion: This study concludes by recommending a thorough and interdisciplinary approach to DFU management. Maintaining blood sugar levels, debridement of the wound, sophisticated dressings, unloading techniques, and surgical procedures are among the effective strategies that help reduce morbidity and prevent serious complications related to diabetic foot ulcers. Additional investigation is necessary to enhance and broaden these results for ongoing progress in the management of diabetic foot ulcers.

Application of Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy for the analysis of legume seeds

Legume seeds are highly valued for their rich nutritional profile and many culinary applications, making them essential to human diets in many civilizations worldwide. Legume seeds have lower protein content comparable to that found in animal sources. Legumes have many health benefits, such as improved blood sugar control, weight management, cardiovascular health, and a reduced risk of developing chronic diseases, including diabetes, cancer, and heart conditions. The functional groups in legume seeds such as black chickpea, cowpea, white chickpea, small red bean, and red lentil were analyzed using FTIR spectroscopy combined with principal compound analysis. The findings indicated that five samples had O-H stretching, C-H stretching, and N-H stretching bonds in the wave number range of 2924 cm- 1, which implies the presence of alcohol, carboxylic acid, amine salt, and alkane. The nitro compound having N-O stretching was observed in all samples except white chickpea. All the samples have C-F stretching bonds, representing the presence of fluoro compound in the wave range of 1002- 1115 cm-1, except for red beans. It is worth noting that the properties of red lentils differ significantly from those of black chickpeas and cowpeas, and the properties of cowpeas differ from those of small red beans.

OPTIMAL PHYSICAL ACTIVITY FOR MAINTAINING HEALTHY SKELETAL MUSCLE FUNCTIONING IN ADULT ATHLETES WITH T1DM

The article analyzes various types of physical activity to find the best option for maintaining healthy skeletal muscle function in adult athletes with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Regular exercise is shown to effectively normalize their condition, while muscle training improves glucose absorption without insulin, significantly increasing muscle sensitivity both during and after exercise. The study highlights that proper blood sugar control and avoiding hypoglycemia or hyperglycemia during structured physical activity are crucial for managing insulin-dependent athletes. Exercise effects vary based on the sport, intensity, and individual factors influenced by external and internal conditions. The research stresses setting realistic goals for athletes with T1DM to ensure positive outcomes, focusing on avoiding stress. The study also explores physiological responses to different exercises and offers individual or group training recommendations that balance muscle training, condition management, socialization, and a normal lifestyle.

Effects of collaborative learning-based food literacy program on healthy eating behavior and hemoglobin A1c among older adults with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes: A randomized controlled trial study in Thailand.

Uncontrolled type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a prevalent issue among older adults. Healthy eating behavior (HEB) is a significant factor contributing to blood sugar control. It is a complex behavior that requires knowledge, attitudes, and skills in food literacy, which can be achieved through collaborative learning by nurses. Although collaborative learning has successfully improved food literacy and HEB among adults and older adults in general, its effectiveness has not been investigated among older adults with uncontrolled T2DM. This randomized controlled trial aimed to examine the effects of the Collaborative Learning-Based Food Literacy Enhancement Program (CLFLEP) on HEB and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels among older adults with uncontrolled T2DM. Participants were 80 older adults with uncontrolled T2DM attending primary care units (PCUs) or sub-district health promotion hospitals in northern Thailand. They were randomly assigned to either the experimental group (n = 40) or the control group (n = 40). The experimental group received the CLFLEP to enhance four domains of food literacy through five major elements of collaborative learning, while the control group received standard care. Data were collected between January and June 2023 using the Demographic Data Form, the Eating Behavior Questionnaire, the HbA1c test, and the Short Food Literacy Questionnaire. Data analysis involved descriptive statistics for demographic characteristics and independent t-test and paired sample t-test for HEB and HbA1c based on intention-to-treat (ITT) and per-protocol (PP) analyses. The experimental group had a higher HEB score than the control group (p <0.001 for ITT and PP) and higher than their scores before program participation (p <0.001 for ITT and PP). The effect size (Cohen's d) was 1.46. The experimental group also had a lower HbA1c level than the control group (p = 0.002 for ITT and PP) and lower than their levels before program participation (p = 0.005 for ITT and 0.001 for PP). The effect size (Cohen's d) was 0.70. The CLFLEP was effective in promoting food literacy, HEB, and blood sugar control. Nurses can be trained to use this program to provide collaborative health education for older adults with uncontrolled T2DM. Nursing administrators can use these findings to develop organizational policies that enhance nurses' competencies as educators skilled in collaborative learning. TCTR20221222005 [Thai Clinical Trials Registry].

Serum glycosylated hemoglobin and prostate cancer risk: Results from a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis

ObjectivesTo evaluate the correlation between serum glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels and the risk of prostate cancer incidence and mortality, providing a comprehensive analysis to inform preventative and clinical strategies. MethodsA systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted including studies based on their documentation of prostate cancer incidence and mortality related to HbA1c levels, with a minimum of 3 risk-related data levels. The Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale (NOQAS) was used for quality assessment and risk of bias evaluation. We employed generalized least squares (GLS) to assess the linear trend within individual studies and combined these estimates using a random effects model. Additionally, we utilized a restricted cubic spline (RCS) model to investigate potential nonlinear trends. ResultsA total of 13 studies were included in the quantitative synthesis ultimately. The quantitative analysis did not find a significant association between HbA1c levels and prostate cancer incidence. However, a significant positive correlation was revealed between HbA1c levels and both cancer-specific mortality (CSM) and all-cause mortality (ACM), with a 1% increase in HbA1c levels associated with a 26% increase in CSM and a 21% increase in ACM. ConclusionThe HbA1c level is significantly associated with increased prostate cancer mortality. The results highlight the importance of considering blood sugar control in the comprehensive risk assessment for prostate cancer, particularly among the nondiabetic population.

7518 A Case of Delayed Diagnosis of Acromegaly Associated with Uncontrolled Diabetes

Abstract Disclosure: A. Mahmoudabadi: None. S. Patel: None. Background: Acromegaly is a rare disorder characterized by an excess secretion of growth hormone (GH) and increased circulating insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) levels, typically due to a GH-secreting pituitary adenoma. This consequently leads to complications such as acral and soft tissue overgrowth, visual disturbance, insulin resistance, and dyslipidemia. In this case, we describe a patient who presented to the endocrinology clinic for uncontrolled diabetes and was subsequently diagnosed with acromegaly. Clinical Case: This is a 47-year-old male with a history of heart failure, hypertension, and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) who presented to the clinic with uncontrolled DM. He had failed to achieve adequate blood sugar control despite being compliant with metformin, dapagliflozin, and insulin degludec. Physical examination revealed frontal bossing, prognathism, macroglossia, and a deep voice. On further questioning, he had noticed these changes since five years prior. Anthropometry and laboratory tests were as follows: Height, 180 cm; body weight 107.5 kg; body mass index (BMI), 33.05 kg/m2 and A1c level of 15.0%. Suspicion of acromegaly was confirmed based on biochemical and imaging findings. Fasting growth hormone (GH), at 58 mU/L (reference range 0-10), and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), at 857 nmol/L (reference range 81-263), were markedly elevated. Pituitary magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed a sellar and suprasellar mass (2.6 × 2.2 × 2.2 cm) extending and compressing the optic chiasm. He eventually underwent a transsphenoidal adenomectomy with neurosurgery. Following surgery, his insulin requirements went from a total daily dose of about 100 units to an inpatient dose of 30 units by his last day of admission. Conclusion: Acromegaly is prevalent in less than 3% of patients with DM, but higher rates of DM are seen in acromegalic patients with higher IGF-1 levels and longer duration of disease. The diagnosis of acromegaly can often be delayed due to missed findings on routine physical examination. This can lead to increased morbidity, mortality, and complications such as uncontrolled DM, witnessed in our patient. Surgical management of acromegaly is the mainstay of treatment and can lead to improvement of glycemic control and insulin sensitivity. Fortunately, our patient could undergo surgery, but delayed diagnosis can prevent patients from surgery if the pituitary tumor becomes too large or unresectable. Ultimately, this case highlights the importance of a thorough physical examination and keeping a wide differential diagnosis when evaluating patients with uncontrolled DM, as failure to diagnose acromegaly at an early stage may have devastating consequences on patient outcomes. Presentation: 6/3/2024

Prevalence and Determinants of Uncontrolled Diabetes Mellitus: A Community-Based Study from Karnataka, India

Background: Uncontrolled diabetes mellitus is a significant health challenge, especially in developing countries. Factors contributing to it vary by region, making it crucial to understand them for effective blood sugar control. The study’s objectives were to estimate the prevalence of uncontrolled diabetes mellitus and its determinants among residents of selected areas of Dakshina Kannada, Karnataka. Methodology: This study was conducted from October 2021 to May 2023 among adult diabetics residing in the Jokatte and Madani Nagar areas of Dakshina Kannada. The required sample size was estimated at 180 and 90 diabetic patients were randomly selected from each study area. Data were collected by field workers using a pre-tested questionnaire, and a lab technician obtained blood samples for HbA1c. Data analysis was performed using SPSS Ver 27. Results: The study enrolled 180 diabetics with a mean (± S.D) age of 56.9 (±10.3) years. Uncontrolled diabetes was noted in 75.6% of diabetics. Significant determinants for uncontrolled diabetes were longer duration of diabetes, poor knowledge of blood sugar tests, irregular testing and insufficient physical activity. Conclusion: The study observed an alarming prevalence of uncontrolled diabetes and identified its key determinants. Healthcare providers must implement targeted interventions addressing these factors to achieve effective diabetes control.

The Impact of Hba1c Levels on Diabetic Patients' Sugar Control and Its Influence on Eye Health: Clinical Study

This study utilized a cross-sectional design to examine the effect of HbA1c levels on the regulation of blood sugar and its effects on eye health in a group of diabetic adults in Iraq. One hundred and fifty participants in all filled out a structured questionnaire that evaluated their comprehension of diabetes, methods for managing it, and knowledge of diabetic eye problems. The findings indicated that although most participants possessed a satisfactory overall comprehension of diabetes, a considerable number exhibited a deficiency in their grasp of the importance of HbA1c values and its connection to the regulation of blood sugar over an extended period. Participants utilized many ways to regulate their diabetes; however, their adherence to these methods was inconsistent. In addition, a significant number of participants were not regularly undergoing eye examinations to detect indicators of diabetic retinopathy, despite being aware of the possibility of eye-related issues. These findings indicate that there is a need for enhanced patient education, increased adherence to diabetes management regimens, and improved integration of eye care services within the overall diabetes care system to address the difficulties faced by this group. Enhancing these components has the potential to result in improved long-term results for patients with diabetes in Iraq. The study emphasizes the significance of comprehensive strategies for managing diabetes that give priority to both controlling blood sugar levels and preventing microvascular problems, such as diabetic retinopathy which can lead to visual loss.

A cross-sectional study to assess the knowledge and risk of diabetic polyneuropathy using Michigan neuropathy screening instrument among type 2 diabetes mellitus

Diabetic polyneuropathy, arising from elevated blood sugar levels damaging nerves microvasculature, manifests as tingling, numbness, muscle weakness, coordination challenges, sensitivity alterations, digestive problems, and sexual dysfunction, necessitating meticulous blood sugar control, medications, physical therapy, lifestyle changes, and regular medical supervision for prevention and management. Aim: The aim of the study is to assess the knowledge and risk of diabetic polyneuropathy using Michigan Neuropathy screening Instrument among type ii diabetes mellitus. Methods: In this study Non Experimental Research study design and purposive sampling technique is used and a total of 599 samples were assessed. Knowledge Questionnaire and physical examination using standardized Michigan Neuropathy Screening Instrument were used . The mean score for knowledge is &lt;5 and the preliminary assessment risk score is &lt;4 and the physical examination mean score is &lt;2.5. Results: Participants above 50 years (46.6%) of age with chronicity of diabetes of 1- 10 years (77.5%) with abnormal preliminary risk score &gt;4 (32.2%) and abnormal physical examination score &gt;2.5(74.6%). Females has good knowledge on diabetic polyneuropathy and also they show high risk of developing diabetic polyneuropathy. Conclusion: The study concluded that increasing years of chronicity of diabetes develops diabetic polyneuropathy, in this study females are much prone for developing diabetic polyneuropathy.

The Effects of Music Therapy on Self-Management, Depression, and Stress in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Background: Among type 2 diabetes patients hospitalized for blood sugar control, stress and depression are high and have a negative effect on blood sugar control. Therefore, this study sought to determine whether listening to music helps reduce stress and depression and affects blood sugar control.Methods: This is a randomized, controlled, pre- and post-design study conducted from April 2017 to September 2019 in patients with type 2 diabetes hospitalized for blood glucose control at Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong. After diabetes education was provided to both the control and experimental groups, the experimental group listened to music for 30 minutes a day with a tablet PC and the control group was prohibited from listening to music during the study period. Stress was evaluated using the PAID (Problem Areas in Diabetes) scores, depression using the CES-D (Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression) scale, and self-management using the SDSCA (Summary of Diabetes Self-Care Activities) questionnaire.Results: A total of 59 patients (41.5 ± 12.6 years, 75.0% male) were enrolled and randomized into the control group (n = 28) and experimental group (n = 31). Music therapy had no statistically significant relationship with blood sugar (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 0.887), depression (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 0.248), stress (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 0.994), or self-management (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 0.959). However, in both groups, blood glucose control, stress, and self-management were all significantly improved at discharge compared to at the beginning of hospitalization (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 0.031).Conclusion: It was confirmed that intensive medical treatment and diabetes education for hospitalized patients with type 2 diabetes improved not only blood glucose control but also depression, stress, and self-management, regardless of listening to music.

Evaluation of Effects of the COVID-19 Crisis on Disease Management in Children with Type 1 Diabete

Background: With the spread of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), strict laws such as quarantine were implemented in many countries, including Iran. The spread of this disease and the general quarantine overshadowed the treatment and management of some chronic diseases, including type 1 diabetes, and many families faced a serious challenge in providing medicines and periodic tests for their children. This study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effects of the COVID-19 crisis on disease management in children with type 1 diabetes. Method: Based on a researcher-made questionnaire, this cross-sectional study was conducted on 85 children with type 1 diabetes between the ages of 2 and 18 years in 6 months at the Children's Medical Center Hospital. This questionnaire is either collected from the parents during the face-to-face visit of the child with type 1 diabetes, or the virtual visit (telemedicine), and they were asked to complete the relevant questionnaire. This questionnaire included demographic information, laboratory tests, and the challenges of patients' families during the pandemic. In order to properly understand the management of this disease, parents were asked to enter the results of tests related to fasting blood sugar and HbA1c 3 times at the beginning of the pandemic, during quarantine, and during the implementation of the study. Results: Based on the results, the level of HbA1c, the problem of insurance coverage, the problem of attendance, ketoacidosis, and infection before the pandemic, during the pandemic, and at the time of the study among children with type 1 diabetes were unchanged (P&gt;0.05). There was a significant difference between fasting blood sugar levels, insulin levels, blood sugar control levels, and hospitalizations in type 1 diabetes patients before the pandemic, during the pandemic, and the study period (P&lt;0.05). Conclusion: Increasing the use of continuous glucose monitors and the widespread use of telemedicine visits may improve the impact of the pandemic on disease management. It is suggested that more multicenter studies with a higher sample size should be conducted in order to investigate the impact of the COVID-19 crisis on children with diabetes.

Advances in Personalized Medicine and Genomics for Diabetes Type-2 Management Towards Precision Health

Background: Conventional approaches for diabetes type-2 management generally fail to consider genetic and environmental variations for each patient. But new developments in personalized medicine and genetics are changing our understanding and approaches for type-2 treatment. Objective: To explore the effectiveness of a personalized medicine and genomic based interventions for glycemic level, medication compliance and complications in patients with diabetes type-2 compared to usual care. Methodology: A Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT) study was performed on total n=400 patients with type 2 diabetes. Patients were randomly assigned to two groups; the intervention group was treated according to genomic profile while the control group was treated in a routine manner. Glycemic control (HbA1c), treatment compliance, and the rate of complications during September 2023 till June 2024 were considered as primary indicators. An independent sample t-test and a chi-square test were used to analyse the results with the help of the SPSS version 27.0. p≤0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Those patients who were given individualized management had improved mean HbA1c level by 1 percent as compared to the initial level. 2% compared to 0.6% in the standard care group(p&lt;0.01). Patients in the personalized care group had an 85% compliance to recommended treatment as opposed to the standard care group with only 65% (p&lt;0.001). Also, the number of complications was much fewer in the personalized care group (10%) as compared to the standard care group (20%); (p= 0.02). Conclusion: Personalized medicine and genomics-based interventions offer substantial benefits in the management of Type 2 diabetes, leading to better blood sugar control, higher treatment adherence, and fewer complications. These findings suggest that integrating genomics into diabetes care could improve health outcomes for patients.

A Narrative Review of Adhesive Capsulitis with Diabetes.

Background/Objectives: To update the perspectives of the association between diabetes (DM) and adhesive capsulitis (AC). Methods: Our findings were summarized in a narrative review. We searched PubMed, Embase, and Consensus databases, using keywords such as "diabetes", "adhesive capsulitis", and "frozen shoulder", for articles published from January 2015 to June 2024, covering both type 1 and type 2 DM. Results: After compiling relevant articles on DM-related AC published since 2015, we found that most studies show an increased prevalence of AC in DM patients, ranging from 3 to 10 times. A longer duration of DM is a risk factor for AC. Whether T1DM or prolonged insulin use will increase the risk of AC is still controversial. Poor blood sugar control seems to increase the risk of AC. Recent studies also show a correlation between blood sugar levels and the prevalence of AC. Cytokines, such as IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, VEGF, and AGEs, related to inflammation and fibrosis may contribute to the pathophysiological processes of AC. Conclusions: Recent research findings have revealed new perspectives divergent from past notions, while also presenting some topics worthy of exploration. Due the close relationship between DM and AC, clinicians need to be alert to the presence of AC, especially early stage, in DM cases, and control the blood glucose level to reduce the risk of AC. Further research is still needed to provide better prevention and management for DM patients with AC.

From a Cup of Tea to Cardiovascular Care: Vascular Mechanisms of Action.

Tea consumption is increasingly recognized for its potential benefits to cardiovascular health. This study reviews the available research, concentrating on the major components of tea and their mechanisms of action in the cardiovascular system. Tea is abundant in bioactive compounds, such as flavonoids and polysaccharides, which possess significant antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. These compounds play a crucial role in mitigating oxidative stress and inflammation, thereby supporting cardiovascular health. They enhance endothelial function, leading to improved vascular relaxation and reduced arterial stiffness, and exhibit antithrombotic effects. Additionally, regular tea consumption is potentially associated with better regulation of blood pressure, improved cholesterol profiles, and effective blood sugar control. It has been suggested that incorporating tea into daily dietary habits could be a practical strategy for cardiovascular disease prevention and management. Despite the promising evidence, more rigorous clinical trials are needed to establish standardized consumption recommendations and fully understand long-term effects. This review offers a more comprehensive analysis of the current evidence based on endothelium function and identifies the gaps that future research should address.

The Impact of Sugar Control on Pancreatic Cancer Progression for the Elderly

Pancreatic cancer is a type of cancer that originates in the pancreas, an organ that aids in digestion and blood sugar regulation. It is characterized as an aggressive type of cancer that presents with symptoms that often go undetected. In 2024, there were an estimated 66,440 new cases of pancreatic cancer and an estimated 51,170 deaths from pancreatic cancer, with a 5-year relative survival rate of 12.8% (SEER, 2023). While traditional medical interventions such as surgery and chemotherapy continue to be the cornerstone of treatment, there is an emerging focus on the potential impact of dietary and nutritional factors in both preventing and managing pancreatic cancer. This approach is particularly relevant for elderly patients due to the heightened risk associated with surgery at their age and their reduced tolerance to chemotherapy regimens. This paper presents a compelling case study of a pancreatic cancer patient who adopted a sugar-restricted diet, resulting in a notable decrease in the tumor marker CA 19-9, which is commonly associated with pancreatic cancer. Building on this individual case study, this paper provides a comprehensive review of current scientific literature to examine the potential relationship between sugar consumption and pancreatic cancer development and progression. By examining this intersection of nutrition and oncology, this study aims to expound upon possible alternative or complementary approaches to pancreatic cancer management, especially for vulnerable populations such as the elderly. This research could lead to new strategies for improving outcomes and quality of life in pancreatic cancer care.

Negative Self-Care Behaviours Among Diabetic Patients Bukittinggi, Indonesia

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic multifactorial endocrine disorder that affects approximately 5-10% of adults worldwide. In Indonesia, approximately 10.8 million people, which accounts for 10% of the population, suffer from diabetes. The current treatment considered suitable for diabetes management involves self-care management. Self-management plays a crucial role in achieving blood sugar control, reducing complications, improving quality of life, and lowering hospitalization rates. Negative self-care behaviors frequently observed among diabetes patients include consuming high-fat foods, sugary snacks, non-adherence to diabetes diet protocols. These unhealthy habits make it more difficult to regulate one's own health, which increases the risk of morbidity and death, uncontrolled blood sugar levels, and a decline in quality of life. The purpose of this study is to identify poor self-care practices among type 2 diabetes patients in the Bukittinggi health facilities' service region. Using a deliberate sample technique, a qualitative descriptive study was carried out in seven operational regions of the community health clinics in Bukittinggi, Indonesia. Participants were interviewed in semi-structured interviews, and a chollezi was used to analyze the data. There were 15 people in all, ages 30 to 69, who participated in this study. The participants had been diagnosed with diabetes for a duration of 2 to 21 years. The study identified four themes: unhealthy dietary behaviors, poor medication adherence, preference of unstandardized based herbal medicine, and surrender to Diabetic. Future research should focus on developing appropriate interventions and health promotion strategies

Effect of Infection on the Incidence of Hyperglycemic Hemichorea: A Case-Series.

To explore the effect of infection on hyperglycemic hemichorea. The clinical data of 11 patients with hyperglycemic hemichorea admitted to the Affiliated People' s Hospital of Xinxiang Medical College and the Second People's Hospital of Xinxiang were retrospectively analyzed, including gender, age, clinical symptoms, imaging features, blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin, infection indicators, and treatment conditions. Eleven patients had acute or sub-acute onset, including 9 females and 2 males, with an average age of 74.55 years. Nine patients presented with unilateral limb involuntary movement and 2 patients presented with bilateral limb involuntary movement. Imaging findings of 9 patients showed abnormalities in the basal ganglia region. Random blood glucose levels were all elevated at admission, with an average blood glucose value of 26.20 mmol/l. Urine ketone bodies were positive in 2 patients, inflammatory indexes were elevated in 7 patients, symptoms of hypoglycemic treatment and anti-infection treatment in 10 patients disappeared, and symptoms of 1 patient disappeared after improved microcirculation treatment. The disease tends to occur in middle-aged and elderly women, and the blood glucose may fluctuate significantly during the onset. Infection may lead to the occurrence and development of the disease. Active control of blood sugar, inflammation and improvement of brain metabolism can effectively control symptoms and prevent recurrence.

Effect of low-frequency blood glucose self-monitoring on glycosylated hemoglobin levels among older adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Background: Reducing the frequency of self-monitoring of blood sugar, due to needle phobia, pain, stress, and costs associated with the procedure, can improve patient compliance and quality of life, provided that adequate blood sugar control is maintained. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of low-frequency blood glucose self-monitoring (LFBGSM) on glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1C) levels among older adults living with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), treated with or without insulin. Materials and Methods: This randomized controlled trial with a parallel design was conducted on 121 older adults with T2DM in Sabzevar, Iran, between 2018 and 2020. Initially, subjects were stratified based on the type of treatment (with or without insulin) and then randomly assigned to intervention (LFBGSM) and control (no blood glucose self-monitoring [no-BGSM]) groups. HbA1C levels were measured at the beginning of the study and 3 months later for all study groups. Results: The mean age of participants treated with and without insulin was 64.3 ± 9.60 and 64.7 ± 5.01 years, respectively. The ANCOVA test revealed a significant difference in the mean HbA1C levels among the four groups 3 months postintervention (P &lt; 0.001). The HbA1C scores significantly decreased in the LFBGSM groups and increased in the no-BGSM groups at 3 months postintervention (insulin/LFBGSM, insulin/no-BGSM, noninsulin/LFBGSM, and noninsulin/no-BGSM: 7.74 ± 0.76, 8.34 ± 1.53, 7.70 ± 0.75, and 8.14 ± 1.11, respectively) compared to baseline (8.25 ± 0.67, 8.03 ± 0.64, 8.08 ± 0.69, and 7.83 ± 0.74, respectively). The least significant difference post hoc tests showed significant differences between specific groups, emphasizing subtle responses to interventions (P values ranging from 0.001 to 0.929). Conclusion: Findings suggest a significant reduction in HbA1C scores within the LFBGSM groups, while a discernible increase is observed in the no-BGSM groups over the 3 months. These findings underscore the efficacy of the interventions and emphasize the crucial role of personalized approaches in optimizing glycemic control for individuals with diabetes.