Sugarcane Clones Research Articles

Correlation among Yield, Quality and Mechanization Amicable Traits in Sugarcane Clones

The objective of this study was to identify superior clones suitable for mechanical harvesting, which is essential to improve the production efficiency, cost effectiveness, cane loading efficiency infield losses and also to investigate the relationships among the yield and quality parameters with cane yield and sugar yield in sugarcane. This experiment was conducted at Regional sugarcane and Rice Research Station, Rudrur, Nizamabad district, Telangana state in Randomized Block Design (RBD) with three replications. The analysis of variance revealed significant differences among genotypes for fifteen yield, quality and mechanization amicable characters. Correlation coefficient results indicated that cane yield was positively correlated with commercial cane sugar, number of tillers at 120 days after planting, cane height, cane girth, single cane weight. So, selection for cane yield alone will also increase the other characters because these traits are positively correlated with cane yield. The Angle of inclination is negatively correlated with cane yield and positively correlated with ratio of crown weight to cane weight, brix%, sucrose%, purity% and CCS%. Results indicate that the genotypes should be selected on the basis of number of millable canes, cane length, cane girth and single cane weight for getting higher sugarcane yield. Furthermore, mechanization amicable genotypes can be selected which are near to erect nature and also having less crown weight.

Marker trait association and candidate gene identification for brown rust disease in sugarcane

AbstractBrown rust (caused by Puccinia melanocephala H. & P. Sydow) is one of the most devastating diseases in commercial sugarcane production. It could reduce sugarcane yield by up to 50% depending on the susceptibility levels of cultivars. Breeding disease‐resistant cultivars is the most effective, economical, and environmentally friendly option to control brown rust. A genome‐wide association study was conducted on a field trial using 432 sugarcane clones following an augmented design with two replications. Brown rust was screened using the whorl inoculation method over two crop cycles. The genotype data were obtained through target enrichment sequencing technologies. The gene actions considering six different models and marker dosage effects were included during the marker‐trait analysis. A total of seven, nine, and seven nonredundant marker‐trait associations were identified for plant cane, first ratoon, and across two crop cycles, respectively. The most significant (p‐value 6.17E−20) marker (chr01p59833543) has the additive effect of −0.63 for the diplo‐additive model and reduced disease severity the most (41.35%) due to heterozygote (AG) over homozygote allele (AA) combination in the tested clones. Gene annotation of the monoploid sugarcane genome R570 suggested that six putative candidate genes were co‐located with significant markers associated with brown rust resistance in sugarcane. The putative candidate genes regulated the formation of a cell wall barrier that plays a crucial role in controlling brown rust pathogen infection. The results of this study will open the path to exploiting new resistance sources for brown rust resistance in commercial sugarcane.

PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF SUGARCANE CLONES AT PRELIMINARY YIELD TRIAL

In the current study, fifteen (15) sugarcane clones developed from Sri Lanka and Barbados fuzz were evaluated for quantitative and qualitative traits in local set of climatic conditions. After testing and advancement from early stages of sugarcane cultivar development program, these clones were planted in 4th stage i.e. preliminary yield trial to evaluate the performance of clones in comparison to two local check varieties viz. CPF 253 and HSF 240. The testing sugarcane clones along with check varieties were planted in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) deploying three replications during the crop season 2022-23. Biometric parameters like germination (%), plant population, plant height, 10-cane weight, cane weight and cane yield alongwith sugar recovery were studied. The biometric traits were compared using two-sided Dunnett's multiple to check the level of significance. The results showed high level of significance for all the biometric traits. The clone BDF-20-174 showed superior performance for plant population, cane yield and sugar recovery as compared to local check varieties. Similarly some other clones surpass the check varieties in some traits but their overall performance remained at par or lower than check varieties. However, further testing and experimentation will be applied to pick more adapted and suitable clones for local agro-ecological conditions

Unraveling the Stability of Sugarcane Clones Using Multivariate Stability Models for Cane Yield and Quality Under Subtropical Climates

Unraveling the Stability of Sugarcane Clones Using Multivariate Stability Models for Cane Yield and Quality Under Subtropical Climates

GGE biplot analysis for cane yield and sugar yield in advanced clones of sugarcane (Saccharum sp. complex).

The present investigation was taken up to study the G × E interaction and stability in 14 sugarcane clones during 2020-2021 and 2021-2022 at four different locations namely Pantnagar, Kashipur, Dhanauri (Haridwar), and Dhakrani (Dehradun) for cane yield (CY) and sugar yield (SY) at the 10-month and 12-month stages. The research aimed to identify stable, high-yielding sugarcane clones adaptable to diverse environmental conditions, enhancing productivity and profitability for farmers in Uttarakhand, India. The combined ANOVA revealed significant differences among the clones (22.20% to 29.54% variation), environments (35% to 39.62% variation), and their interactions (19.91% to 24.16% variation) for CY and SY at both stages. To analyze the stability of genotypes and G × E interactions, the GGE biplot method was employed. The first two PCs explained 77.94% for CY, 74.39% for SY at the 10-month stage, and 81.01% for SY at 12-month stage of the total variation of the GGE model. The GGE biplots revealed that for CY, the mega-environment exhibited CoPant 16222 and CoPant 16223 as the winning genotypes. For SY at the 10-month stage, CoPant 17221 and CoPant 16222 were the best clones in two different mega-environments, while at the 12-month stage, the mega-environment showed CoPant 16222 and CoPant 16223 as the winning genotypes. Dehradun (2020) and Kashipur (2020) were identified as the best test environments for selecting widely and specifically adapted genotypes, respectively, for CY and SY at the 10-month as well as 12-month stages. In a nutshell, GGE biplot analysis identified the best-performing sugarcane clones and best test environments in Uttarakhand, India. Clone CoPant 16222 showed high mean performance and stability for cane and sugar yield, making it suitable for recommendation to farmers.

Evaluation of early maturing sugarcane (Saccharum spp. complex) clones for sugar yield and its contributing traits and stability

Sugarcane cultivation is targeted with early varieties having stable higher CCS (commercial cane sugar) yield potential. Therefore, studies were made on 18 traits over three years (2016-19) with seven genotypes at Regional Research Station, PAU, Faridkot. Different multivariate statistical techniques were used for assessing the potential of CCS contributing traits and clonal stability. The observed significant differences due to varieties, years and their interactions were self explaining the role of genotypic differences and weather factors. Cane yield t/ha (CY), CCS t/ha (CCS.T) and their contributing traits were positively loaded on different axes in principal component analyses (PCA). Single cane weight (SCW) was observed to be the primary contributing trait for CY; while brix % and sucrose % for CCS %, and CY for CCS.T were the major contributing traits. CoPb 13181 was observed the most suitable clone for the region. Further, Eberhart & Russell’s model was found more appropriate for judging the genotype(s) to environment specificity while “GGE Biplot” was best to evaluate the environments for their discriminating power to genotypes.

Resistance of two sugarcane genotypes towards Sporisorium scitamineum Scoring Using Novel Method on Sugarcane buds tissue and Phenol Plant dynamics

Smut disease caused by a basidiomycete fungus, Sporisorium scitamineum, is one of major diseases on sugarcane worldwide. The disease could cause considerable yield losses up to 60% on susceptible varieties. Understanding of resistance characteristics of sugarcane clones is essential to support development of resistant sugarcane varieties to smut fungus infection. This study aimed to determine characteristics of sugarcane genotypes J19R17-325/15/3-9 and ASA Agribun toward S. scitamineum infection and the role of phenolic compound on defense mechanism of sugarcane to smut infection. The research consisted of four treatments and was arranged according to the randomized block design with five replicates. The results revealed that J19R17-325/15/3-9 produced higher phenolic compound (0,192 mg/gr) rather than ASA Agribun (0,182 mg/gr). In addition, the distribution of fungal mycelia within sugarcane tissues on J19R17-325/15/3-9 was also lower than those on ASA Agribun. These results indicated that J19R17-325/15/3-9 might have resistance properties to S. scitamineum infection.

Derivate OJIP Variables in Sugarcane to Predict Cane Weight, Sucrose Content, and Sugar Yield

The amount of carbohydrates in sugarcane directly results from photosynthesis. This means that we can predict the weight of the cane, sucrose content, and sugar yield by examining the photosynthesis process. One way to measure the amount of photosynthesis is by using chlorophyll fluorescence or the OJIP test. This study aimed to determine the dominant OJIP variable that could predict cane weight, sucrose content, sugar yield, and measurement time. The study was conducted at the Asembagus Experimental Station in Situbondo Regency, East Java, Indonesia, from December 2016 to October 2017 using two-bud stem cuttings from 18 sugarcane clones and arranged them in a Randomized Block Design with three replications. Each clone in one replication was planted in five rows, each row being five meters long, and the center-to-center distance was 130 cm. OJIP variables were measured during the stalk elongation phase and the maturity phase. The results showed that sugarcane clones influenced OJIP variables other than Fv/Fm, cane weight, sucrose content, and sugar yield. The most accurate time for measuring OJIP variables was during the maturity phase. The dominant OJIP variables that could predict cane weight and sugar yield were TRo/RC, DIo/CS, ABS/RC, and PI (79.4% and 76.0%). The dominant predictors of yield were RC/CSo, RC/CSm, DIo/CS, PI, ABS/RC, and ETo/RC (92.9%). This study found that measuring OJIP variables during the maturity phase is ideal for predicting cane weight, sucrose content, and sugar yield. The OJIP test can quickly identify high-yielding sugarcane varieties.

Selection Of Sugarcane Clones From Polycross In Ratoon Cane (Rc)

Selection Of Sugarcane Clones From Polycross In Ratoon Cane (Rc)

Genomic prediction for sugarcane diseases including hybrid Bayesian-machine learning approaches.

Sugarcane smut and Pachymetra root rots are two serious diseases of sugarcane, with susceptible infected crops losing over 30% of yield. A heritable component to both diseases has been demonstrated, suggesting selection could improve disease resistance. Genomic selection could accelerate gains even further, enabling early selection of resistant seedlings for breeding and clonal propagation. In this study we evaluated four types of algorithms for genomic predictions of clonal performance for disease resistance. These algorithms were: Genomic best linear unbiased prediction (GBLUP), including extensions to model dominance and epistasis, Bayesian methods including BayesC and BayesR, Machine learning methods including random forest, multilayer perceptron (MLP), modified convolutional neural network (CNN) and attention networks designed to capture epistasis across the genome-wide markers. Simple hybrid methods, that first used BayesR/GWAS to identify a subset of 1000 markers with moderate to large marginal additive effects, then used attention networks to derive predictions from these effects and their interactions, were also developed and evaluated. The hypothesis for this approach was that using a subset of markers more likely to have an effect would enable better estimation of interaction effects than when there were an extremely large number of possible interactions, especially with our limited data set size. To evaluate the methods, we applied both random five-fold cross-validation and a structured PCA based cross-validation that separated 4702 sugarcane clones (that had disease phenotypes and genotyped for 26k genome wide SNP markers) by genomic relationship. The Bayesian methods (BayesR and BayesC) gave the highest accuracy of prediction, followed closely by hybrid methods with attention networks. The hybrid methods with attention networks gave the lowest variation in accuracy of prediction across validation folds (and lowest MSE), which may be a criteria worth considering in practical breeding programs. This suggests that hybrid methods incorporating the attention mechanism could be useful for genomic prediction of clonal performance, particularly where non-additive effects may be important.

Validation of Sugarcane Clones for Quality Jaggery Production in North Coastal Zone of Andhra Pradesh

Validation of Sugarcane Clones for Quality Jaggery Production in North Coastal Zone of Andhra Pradesh

ASSESSMENT OF RATOONING POTENTIAL IN VARIOUS PROMISING STRAINS OF SUGARCANE UNDER SOUTH PUNJAB CONDITIONS

The present study aimed to assess the ratooning potential of various sugarcane strains at the Sugarcane Research Station Khanpur during the 2019-20 period. The selected promising sugarcane genotypes, including S2013-US-917, S2014-SL-1359, S2014-SL-2200, PSR-07-45, S2015-SL-89, S2015-SL-289, S2015-SL-404, S2015-SL-444, CPF-253, and HSF-240 (check), were subjected to experimentation. The research followed a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. Significant variations in ratooning performance were observed among the studied genotypes. Notably, the strain S2015-SL-444 emerged as the most promising, exhibiting the highest cane yield at 119.80 tons per hectare and excellent stubble sprouting with 1.64 sprouts per plant. Additionally, this top-performing strain demonstrated good quality, registering a field brix of 19.55%. Although the highest field brix (21.65%) was recorded in S2013-US-917, S2015-SL-89 closely followed with a field brix of 21.24%. S2015-SL-444, the standout sugarcane clone, outperformed the check by producing 14.02 tons more ratoon cane yield per hectare. Therefore, it is recommended that the genotype S2015-SL-444, with its exceptional ratooning potential, be cultivated in the agro-ecological climatic conditions of South Punjab for ratoon crop cultivation

Yield, Quality and Disease Resistance of Sugarcane Clones: A Field Evaluation

Evaluation and identification of sugarcane clones for different maturity groups is of paramount importance in sugarcane cultivation to get higher recoveries in sugar mills. A field experiment was conducted to evaluate the performance of early maturing sugarcane clones for red rot resistance, cane yield, CCS yield, and their contributing traits in order to idendify the superior clones. Observation on germination per cent, number of tillers (x1000/ha), number of millable cane (x1000/ha), stalk length (cm), stalk diameter (cm), single cane weight (kg), cane yield (t/ha), brix per cent, sucrose (%), purity (%), extraction CCS (%), and sugar yield (t/ha). From the results, it could be concluded that the early maturing clone, CoC 15336, was found to be the best among the test clones for sucrose per cent and sugar yield with resistance to red rot disease. Another clone, CoC 15340, was the next-best entry, with higher cane yield, CCS yield, and sucrose percent compared to the better standards. As a result, clones CoC 15338 and CoC 15336 were identified as the best promising entries and could be forwarded for further yield evaluation trials for release as a new sugarcane variety suitable for East Coast Zone of India.

Comparative Analysis of Sucrose-Regulatory Genes in High- and Low-Sucrose Sister Clones of Sugarcane.

Sugarcane is a significant primitive source of sugar and energy worldwide. The progress in enhancing the sugar content in sugarcane cultivars remains limited due to an insufficient understanding of specific genes related to sucrose production. The present investigation examined the enzyme activities, levels of reducing and non-reducing sugars, and transcript expression using RT-qPCR to assess the gene expression associated with sucrose metabolism in a high-sucrose sugarcane clone (GXB9) in comparison to a low-sucrose sister clone (B9). Sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS), sucrose phosphate phosphatase (SPP), sucrose synthase (SuSy), cell wall invertase (CWI), soluble acid invertase (SAI), and neutral invertase (NI) are essential enzymes involved in sucrose metabolism in sugarcane. The activities of these enzymes were comparatively quantified and analyzed in immature and maturing internodes of the high- and low-sucrose clones. The results showed that the higher-sucrose-accumulating clone had greater sucrose concentrations than the low-sucrose-accumulating clone; however, maturing internodes had higher sucrose levels than immature internodes in both clones. Hexose concentrations were higher in immature internodes than in maturing internodes for both clones. The SPS and SPP enzymes activities were higher in the high-sucrose-storing clone than in the low-sucrose clone. SuSy activity was higher in the low-sucrose clone than in the high-sucrose clone; further, the degree of SuSy activity was higher in immature internodes than in maturing internodes for both clones. The SPS gene expression was considerably higher in mature internodes of the high-sucrose clones than the low-sucrose clone. Conversely, the SuSy gene exhibited up-regulated expression in the low-sucrose clone. The enhanced expression of SPS in the high-sucrose clone compared to the low-sucrose clone suggests that SPS plays a major role in the increased accumulation of sucrose. These findings provide the opportunity to improve sugarcane cultivars by regulating the activity of genes related to sucrose metabolism using transgenic techniques.

Identification of Promising Sugarcane Clones Based on Cane Yield and Quality Traits in First Clonal Selection Stage

Sugarcane is a major source of sugar, facing constant pressure to enhance productivity due to the increased cost of cultivation and fluctuating global market prices. Identification of productive hybrid progenies for varietal development plays a crucial role in enhancing productivity, which is a cost-effective approach. In this context, an investigation was conducted to identify promising clones for cane yield and quality traits. Significantly higher estimates of genetic variability, heritability and genetic advance were evident for all the traits except cane girth, Brix per cent in juice and sucrose content in juice. Correlation and path analysis revealed that the traits such as the number of millable canes per plot, single cane weight, sucrose content in juice and commercial cane sugar yield showed a significant positive association with cane yield. Among the 150 hybrid progenies studied, the clones SNK 180011, SNK 180028, SNK 180070, SNK 180662 and SNK 181126 are the most promising clones with high cane yield and sugar productivity features. These results hold significant importance for identifying promising clones to enhance cane and sugar productivity.

Identification Sugarcane Clones for Tolerance to Juice Quality Deterioration under Delayed Harvest and Different Time Intervals of Staling

A study was under taken during January, 2022–March, 2023 at the Agricultural Research Station, Perumallapalle, Chittoor district, Andhra Pradesh, India to evaluate fifteen sugarcane clones including early and mid-late to identify clones with higher shelf life and tolerance to postharvest deterioration and delayed crop harvests. Juice quality parameters determined at 10th, 11th, 12th and 13thmonths of harvest /age and at different time lag intervals of staling (0, 24, 48, and 72 hours showed a linear increase in cane weight reduction regardless of crop age at harvest and staling periods after harvest. Juice extraction (%) also decreased over staling period and delayed crop harvests. Increase in cane weight loss and reduction in juice extraction was significant with increase in staling period. A progressive increase in brix (%), sucrose, purity and CCS in juice was observed up to 11th in early clones and up to 12th months of crop age in mid-late clones and thereafter decreased. Per cent brix (%) showed a linear trend at all time lag intervals of staling regardless of the clones studied. Brix (%) in juice progressively increased from 0 to 72 hours of staling. Sucrose, purity and CCS per cent declined at 48 hrs in early group and at 72 hrs in mid-late clones after harvest. Reduction in sucrose, purity and CCS was significant with increased staling periods. Among the clones 2003V46 (TC), 2016T 7, COA14328, COA20324, COA19322 and 2009V89 were found to be relatively more tolerant to delayed harvest and post-harvest deterioration compared to the popular standard CO86032 and other test clones studied. All these clones have also recorded higher cane yield and CCS yield at harvest.

DNA Fingerprinting and Genetic Diversity Analysis in Advanced Clones of Sugarcane (Saccharum sp. complex) Using STMS Markers

DNA Fingerprinting and Genetic Diversity Analysis in Advanced Clones of Sugarcane (Saccharum sp. complex) Using STMS Markers

Character association studies and path analysis on yield, yield attributing traits in early clones of sugarcane (Saccharum spp.)

Character association studies and path analysis on yield, yield attributing traits in early clones of sugarcane (Saccharum spp.)

Sugarcane Clones for soil moisture stress / drought conditions of Andhra Pradesh

Sugarcane Clones for soil moisture stress / drought conditions of Andhra Pradesh

Evaluasi Keragaman Morfologi dan Agronomi 7 Klon dan 2 Varietas Tanaman Tebu (Sacchaum officinarum L.) Keprasan Satu Di Kebun Ploso Klaten – Kediri

Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) as a raw material in the sugar production process is one of the basic needs of the Indonesian population. This research was conducted at the HGU Plantation C.11 Djengkol PG Islamic Boarding School, the new PT Perkebunan Nusantara X. Ploso Klaten District, Kediri Regency. This research was conducted from May to July 2023. This design used a one-factor randomized block design (RBD) of 9 treatments, consisting of 7 sugarcane clones and 2 sugarcane varieties consisting of K1 (Clone SB01 UMG.NX), K2 (Clone SB03 UMG.NX), K3 (Clone SB04 UMG.NX), K4 (Clone SB11 UMG.NX), K5 Clones (SB12 UMG.NX), K 6 (Clone SB19 UMG.NX), K7 (Clone SB20 UMG.NX), K8 (Variety PS862), K9 (Variety Bululawang). The parameters observed were growth variables (stem length, number of stems, number of leaves and diameter) and yield (brix). The analysis used was descriptive statistics, ANOVA followed by 5% DMRT follow-up test, correlation test, genetic diversity and heritability test. From the 5% DMRT results, there is a significant difference in the variables of plant height and diameter of the sugar cane plant. Clone SB12 UMG.NX had the best growth with a stem length of 257.33 cm, number of stems 8.33, number of leaves 8.22 and a diameter of 26.22 mm. There is no significant difference in the outcome variables. The highest Brix was obtained by the SB19 UMG clone. NX with a value of 27.00%.