Sugarcane Bagasse Ash Waste Research Articles

Characteristics and Applications of Sugar Cane Bagasse Ash Waste in Cementitious Materials.

Sugar cane bagasse ash (SCBA) is an abundant byproduct of the sugar and ethanol industry. SCBA is generally used as a fertilizer or is disposed of in landfills, which has led to intensified environmental concerns. In recent years, SCBA research has mainly been focused on utilization in construction materials due to the abundance and pozzolanic characteristics of SCBA. In this paper, a comprehensive review of the state-of-the-art morphology, physical properties, chemical composition, and mineralogical composition of SCBA is presented. Studies indicate that SCBA is a potentially promising construction material. The applications of SCBA as a pozzolanic material, a new source for preparing alkali-activated binders, aggregates, and fillers in construction materials, are summarized. The impacts of SCBA on fresh and hardened concrete properties are highlighted, including the physical properties, mechanical strength, microstructure, and durability. Key factors that govern pozzolanic activity are discussed in detail, including calcination and recalcination temperatures, and durations, fineness, loss on ignition (LOI), and crystal silicon dioxide. Finally, further research on the optimal and broad utilization of SCBA in construction materials is recommended.

Partial Replacement of Cement Concreete with Biological Green Waste

Bagasse ash (BA), the residue obtained after the burning of sugarcane bagasse as a fuel, has pozzolanic properties with potential use as a supplementary binding material (SCM). Use of Bagasse ash (BA) as a mineral admixture needs to be established, especially in India, where sugarcane cultivation is widespread, to reduce land required for its disposal and cement consumption in construction industry. Hence, to encourage commercial use ofBA with minimum processing, an evaluation of the physical, chemical and morphological characteristics of a locally available BA and its effect, as SCM on properties of structural concrete was taken up.This research work describes the feasibility of using the Fly Ash (FA) Rice Husk Ash (RHA) and Sugarcane Bagasse Ash(SCBA) waste in concrete production as a partial replacement of cement. This present work deals with the effect on strength and mechanical properties of concrete using Triple blending of cement concrete using FA, RHA and SCBA instead of cement. The cement has been replaced by rice husk ash, accordingly in the range with 0%, 10%, 20% and 30% by weight. Concrete mixture of M20 and M25 and M30, were produced, tested and compared in terms of compressive strengths with the Conventional concrete. These tests were carried out to evaluate the mechanical properties for the test results of7, 14, 28, 56 and 90 days for Compressive strengths and Tensile & Flexural Strengths at 28 days. The durability aspect of the samples for Acid attack, Alkaline attack and Sulphate attack was also tested. The result indicates that the FA, RHA and SCBA improve the Compressive Strength and durability of concrete.

Morphology and property study of green ceramic hollow fiber membrane derived from waste sugarcane bagasse ash (WSBA)

This work describes the preparation of green ceramic hollow fiber membranes derived from waste sugarcane bagasse ash (WSBA) using phase inversion and sintering techniques as membrane support for water filtration. The first step consisted in the production of WSBA is by the calcination process of sugarcane bagasse at 800 °C and followed characterizing of the microstructure, phases present, and thermal behavior using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). This process was followed by the preparation of ceramic dope suspension consisting of WSBA powder as the main material, NMP as the solvent, PESf as the binder, and Arlacel P135 as the dispersant. In this work, various spinning parameters (effect of SWBA contents, bore fluid flow rate, air gap, and sintering temperature) were evaluated. By varying these parameters, significant effects on the membrane structure and mechanical strength were observed. The different sintering temperatures resulted in wormlike pores in the membrane structure due to neck growth and melting mechanism. The preliminary performance tests show that the green ceramic hollow fiber membrane prepared with a WSBA content of 60 wt%, bore fluid flow rate of 10 mL/min, air gap of 10 cm, and sintering temperature of 1000 °C induced a stable permeate water flux (PWF) of ~ 466.2 L/m2 h at the beginning of the filtration process.

Sugarcane bagasse ash stabilization of reclaimed asphalt pavement as highway material

ABSTRACTMassive sugarcane bagasse ash waste is generated from the combustion of fibrous residue of sugarcane . Also, highway reconstruction work generates large volume of reclaimed asphalt pavements that are disposed as waste . This paper present results of stabilization and laboratory evaluation of the characteristics of these wastes with a view to determine its suitability as flexible pavement material. The mixtures were subjected to reduced British standard light (reduced Proctor), British standard light (standard Proctor), West African standard and British standard heavy compactive efforts to determine the compaction characteristics, California bearing ratio, durability and water absorption characteristics of the mixes. Test results show that the properties of reclaimed asphalt pavements waste improved with sugarcane bagasse ash stabilisation. The maximum dry density decreased as the optimum moisture content increased with higher sugarcane bagasse ash contents in the mixes. Maximum California bearing ratio values of 28% (unsoaked) and 14% (soaked for 24 h) were recorded for 50% RAP + 50% SCBA mix that satisfied durability requirements and can be used as subgrade material in flexible pavement construction. This research is based on CBR determination. Further work may be encouraged to assess resilient modulus of this material under cyclic load.

Characterization of Agricultural Waste Sugarcane Bagasse Ash at 1100°C with various hours

In this globe infinite numbers of natural and modified materials are used for the development of technology. In this study recent development of composites sugarcane waste raw burned products has been used known as ash. Bagasse will be prepared by extracting minerals and fibres will be crashed (milled) into small fibres from sugarcane. The milled fibres were burned at different intervals temperature 1100°C with 1,3 & 5 hours in a furnace, hence this product is known as bagasse ash (BA). Bagasse ash characterized through scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-Ray diffraction (XRD) studied various parameters. Parametric studies carried out on grain size and percentage variation of chemical composition. Also observed that the effect of temperature on weight and density variation in different hours. The various properties of ashes will be utilized as reinforcement for development of aluminium composite materials in further work.

Industrial wastes as alternative raw materials to produce eco-friendly fired bricks

This work focuses on the incorporation of sugarcane bagasse ash (SCBA) and silica fume (SF) wastes as an alternative raw material into clay bricks, replacing clay by up to 40 wt.%. Fly ash (FA) was used as reference. The plasticity of the batches was determined by Atterberg’s consistency limits. Bricks were produced by uniaxial pressing and fired a 900 and 1000°C. Physical properties (fired shrinkage, water absorption, apparent porosity and Initial water absorption rate) and mechanical properties (compressive strength and flexural strength) as function of the firing temperature and type waste were investigated. The results showed that wastes into clay body increase its global plasticity. 80%Clay-20%SCBA mixture has the lower linear shrinkage. After firing process, the brick produced with clay-SCBA show the higher water absorption and apparent porosity, regardless of the firing temperature. The brick produced with 60%clay-40%SF show the water absorption and apparent porosity similar to control bricks. The SCBA waste additions tend to decrease the mechanical strength of the clay bricks, therefore amounts of 40% SCBA waste should be avoided because it reduce the mechanical strength of the red fired bricks. The fired bricks with 40% SF, firing a 900°C show mechanical properties similar control bricks.

Study of hardness and tensile strength of Aluminium-7075 percentage varying reinforced with graphite and bagasse-ash composites

Waste sugarcane bagasse-ash and graphite utilizing as reinforcement in fabricating of an aluminium alloy (Al-7075) based matrix hybrid composites. The aluminium matrix hybrid composites have been fabricated by stir-casting method at 750 °C. Casting was developed in circular metal mould having 5 circular slots of diameter of 21 mm and length of 250 mm. Adding bagasse-ash with varying reinforcement of three cases, in first case 2% constant with varying graphite 1%, 3%, and 5%, in second case 4%, and in third case 6% constant with varying same graphite percentage. The effect of the reinforcement has been performed through various mechanical tests. The mechanical properties measuring such as Brinell hardness and tensile strength of both the samples have been prepared as per the ASTM E23 and E8 standards. Results give out that there will be greater effect of reinforcing different bagasse-ash in aluminium alloy matrix hybrid composites. In the third case more enhanced mechanical properties have been achieved as compared to case one and two of bagasse–ash combination. It shows that the selection of bagasse-ash as reinforcement has one of the most significant criteria for the fabrication of aluminium matrix hybrid composites.

Study of hardness and tensile strength of Aluminium-7075 percentage varying reinforced with graphite and bagasse-ash composites

Abstract Waste sugarcane bagasse-ash and graphite utilizing as reinforcement in fabricating of an aluminium alloy (Al-7075) based matrix hybrid composites. The aluminium matrix hybrid composites have been fabricated by stir-casting method at 750 °C. Casting was developed in circular metal mould having 5 circular slots of diameter of 21 mm and length of 250 mm. Adding bagasse-ash with varying reinforcement of three cases, in first case 2% constant with varying graphite 1%, 3%, and 5%, in second case 4%, and in third case 6% constant with varying same graphite percentage. The effect of the reinforcement has been performed through various mechanical tests. The mechanical properties measuring such as Brinell hardness and tensile strength of both the samples have been prepared as per the ASTM E23 and E8 standards. Results give out that there will be greater effect of reinforcing different bagasse-ash in aluminium alloy matrix hybrid composites. In the third case more enhanced mechanical properties have been achieved as compared to case one and two of bagasse–ash combination. It shows that the selection of bagasse-ash as reinforcement has one of the most significant criteria for the fabrication of aluminium matrix hybrid composites.

Densification behavior of floor tiles added with sugarcane bagasse ash waste

In this work, the effect of sugarcane bagasse ash waste on the densification behavior of vitrified floor tiles was investigated. Four tile formulations containing up to 5wt. % of sugarcane bagasse ash waste as a replacement of quartz were prepared. The floor tile manufacturing route consisted of the following steps: powder preparation by the dry process, uniaxial pressing, and firing at temperatures between 1190°C and 1250°C using a fast-firing cycle. The densification was measured by three parameters: linear shrinkage, water absorption, and flexural strength. The microstructure was evaluated by XRD and SEM. The experimental results indicated that the densification behavior of floor tile formulations was influenced by both the amount of sugarcane bagasse ash waste and the maximum firing temperature. Microstructural variation occurred during firing. However, the use of sugarcane bagasse ash waste had little effect on phase evolution during the fast-firing cycle. An optimum amount of sugarcane bagasse ash waste (up to 2.5wt. %) for the replacement of quartz allowed for the highest quality production of floor tile materials.

Thermal behavior of ceramic wall tile pastes bearing solid wastes

This work focuses on the thermal behavior of ceramic wall tile pastes containing solid wastes such as flat glass waste and sugarcane bagasse ash waste in partial replacement of natural raw materials. Thermal and miner- alogical transformations occurring during firing were characterized by differential thermal analysis, thermo- gravimetry analysis (TG), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy-dis- persive spectroscopy. On heating four endothermic events within the 48.4-63.1, 271.0-279.1, 555.9-560.2, and 856.1-863.1 C, temperature ranges were observed. The endothermic valleys could be mainly attributed to the release of physically adsorbed water, dehydration of hydroxides (gibbsite and goethite), dehydroxylation of kaolinite, and decomposition of carbonates (calcite and dolomite), respectively. All tile pastes presented an exothermic peak within the 950.0-952.1 C temperature range associated with the crystallization of new mineral phases such as anorthite, gehlenite, mullite, and diopside. However, the tile paste with addition of sugarcane bagasse ash waste also presented an exothermic peak around 581.4 C associated with the decomposition of organic compounds. TG results indicate that the total mass loss of the wall tile pastes is in the 15.1-16.8 % range, and it depends on the added solid waste. It was found that the replacement of natural raw materials (kaolinic clay and quartz) with solid wastes (flat glass waste and sugarcane bagasse ash waste), in the range up to 5 mass%, influenced the thermal behavior of the ceramic wall tile pastes. The thermal analysis results agree well with the XRD, physical properties, and sintered microstructure.

Influence of Calcination on Different Properties of Sugarcane Bagasse and Waste Ash

Sugarcane bagasse is a fibrous waste product and important biomass sources, which is used as a fuel in the sugar industry. Bagasse ash is an industrial waste that mainly consists of high amount of silica and carbon materials. In this study sugarcane bagasse ash (SCBA) and sugarcane waste ash (SCWA) were calcined at 400°C, 600°C, 800°C and 1000°C for 2 h. These samples were characterized in order to evaluate the possibility of their use in different industries. XRF and XRD analyses were done for chemical and phase analysis of both calcined samples. The chemical composition of calcined SCBA and SCWA indicated that samples had similar compositions of other pozzolanic material. Carbon content has been determined by elemental analyzer. With increasing temperature the percentage of carbon content decreases in both cases. As temperature increases, the color of SCBA and SCWA samples changing from black to grey and white, which also indicates that the carbon content present in the SCBA were reasonably reduced. XRD patterns showed that crystallinity increases with influence of calcining temperature for both ash samples.

Spectroscopic investigation on the production of clay bricks with SCBA waste

In this paper, the effect of sugarcane bagasse ash (SCBA) addition to the brick making clay has been analyzed using spectroscopic techniques. For that, mixtures of brick making clay (BMC) with sugarcane bagasse ash (SCBA) in proportions of 0–20wt.% were hydraulic uniaxially pressed and sintered at temperatures of 800–1100°C. The partial replacement of the brick making clay with SCBA was studied with chemical and mineralogical analyzes (XRF and X-ray diffraction). The quantitative estimation of minerals was made by FTIR analysis. The results of FT-IR reveal that kaolinite, quartz, and lignin are predominant, whereas, cellulose and calcite are in moderate levels. In addition, magnetite and hematite are found in trace level. The overall results reveal that the brick making clay substituted with 15wt.% of SCBA can open up a new path for the fabrication of quality bricks at low cost.

Characterization of Sugarcane Bagasse ash Waste for Its Use in Ceramic Floor Tile

In Brazil, the sugarcane industry generates large amounts of sugarcane bagasse ash, and a key issue is to find a proper use of this solid waste material. The aim of this study is to determine the chemical, physical and mineralogical characteristics of a sugarcane bagasse ash sample from south-eastern Brazil, and to investigate its use in the production of ceramic floor tile. The sample of this waste material was analyzed regarding chemical composition, mineralogical analysis, particle size distribution, morphology, particle density, and organic matter. Floor tile pieces containing up to 2.5 wt% sugarcane bagasse ash waste as a partial replacement of quartz were prepared by uniaxial pressing and sintered at 1190°C. The following technological properties were determined using standard procedures: flexural strength, apparent density, linear shrinkage, and water absorption. The experimental results indicated that the sugarcane bagasse ash waste is rich in quartz particles, and has potential to be used as an alternative raw material for the production of ceramic floor tile.

Processing of porcelain stoneware tile using sugarcane bagasse ash waste

Large amounts of waste materials are discarded in the sugarcane industry. This work investigates the reuse of sugarcane bagasse ash waste as an alternative raw material for porcelain stoneware tile bodies, replacing natural quartz by up to 5 wt.%. The tile pieces were fired at 1230 ?C using a fast-firing cycle (< 60min). The technological properties of the fired tile pieces (e.g., linear shrinkage, water absorption, apparent density, and flexural strength) were determined. The sintering process was followed by SEM and XRD analyses. The results show that up to 2.5 wt.% sugarcane bagasse ash waste can be used as a partial replacement for quartz in porcelain stoneware tile (group BIa, ISO 13006 standard), providing excellent technical properties. Hence, its application in high-quality ceramic tile for use in civil construction as a low-cost, alternative raw material could be an ideal means of managing sugarcane bagasse ash waste.

Treatment of nitrate-rich water in a baffled membrane bioreactor (BMBR) employing waste derived materials

Nitrate removal in submerged membrane bioreactors (MBRs) is limited as intensive aeration (for maintaining adequate dissolved oxygen levels and for membrane scouring) deters the formation of anoxic zones essential for biological denitrification. The present study employs baffled membrane bioreactor (BMBR) to overcome this constraint. Treatment of nitrate rich water (synthetic and real groundwater) was investigated. Sludge separation was achieved using ceramic membrane filters prepared from waste sugarcane bagasse ash. A complex external carbon source (leachate from anaerobic digestion of food waste) was used to maintain an appropriate C/N ratio. Over 90% COD and 95% NO3–N reduction was obtained. The bagasse ash filters produced a clear permeate, free of suspended solids. Sludge aggregates were observed in the reactor and were linked to the high extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) content. Lower sludge volume index (40 mL/g compared to 150 mL/g for seed sludge), higher settling velocity (47 m/h compared to 10 m/h for seed sludge) and sludge aggregates (0.7 mm aggregates compared to <0.2 mm for seed sludge) was observed. The results demonstrate the potential of waste-derived materials viz. food waste leachate and bagasse ash filters in water treatment.

Incorporation of sugarcane bagasse ash waste as an alternative raw material for red ceramic

The sugarcane industry generates huge amounts of sugarcane bagasse ashes (SCBA). This work investigates the incorporation of a SCBA waste as an alternative raw material into a clay body, replacing natural clay material by up to 20 wt.%. Clay ceramic pieces were produced by uniaxial pressing and fired at temperatures varying from 700 to 1100 ºC. The technological properties of the clay ceramic pieces (linear shrinkage, apparent density, water absorption, and tensile strength) as function of the firing temperature and waste addition are investigated. The phase evolution during firing was followed by X-ray diffraction. The results showed that the SCBA waste could be incorporated into red ceramics (bricks and roofing tiles) in partial replacement for natural clay material. These results confirm the feasibility of valorisation of SCBA waste to produce red ceramic. This use of SCBA can also contribute greatly to reducing the environmental problems of the sugarcane industry, and also save the sources of natural raw materials used in the ceramic industry.

Thermal study of clay ceramic pastes containing sugarcane bagasse ash waste

This study focuses on the thermal and mineralogical transformations of clay ceramic pastes. The pastes contain different amounts of sugarcane bagasse ash waste. Thermal and mineralogical changes occurring during firing were characterized by differential thermal analysis, thermogravimetry analysis (TG), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy. On heating three endothermic events within the 73.5–75.7, 276.9–283.5, and 567.1–573.5 °C temperature ranges were identified. The endothermic valleys could be mainly interpreted as the release of physically adsorbed water, dehydration of hydroxides, and dehydroxylation of kaolinite, respectively. Two exothermic events within the 618.9–690.1 and 948 °C temperature ranges were identified. The exothermic peaks are associated with the decomposition of organic compounds and crystallization of mullite from metakaolinite, respectively. TG results indicate that the clay ceramic pastes had a total mass loss in the 13.1–13.6 % range, and are dependent on the sugarcane bagasse ash waste amount added. It was found that the replacement of natural clay with sugarcane bagasse ash waste, in the range up to 20 wt%, influenced the thermal behavior and technological properties of the clay ceramic pastes. In addition, the thermal analysis results agree well with the XRD.

Recycling of sugarcane bagasse ash waste in the production of clay bricks

This work investigates the recycling of sugarcane bagasse ash waste as a method to provide raw material for clay brick bodies, through replacement of natural clay by up 20wt.%. Initially, the waste sample was characterized by its chemical composition, X-ray diffraction, differential thermal analysis, particle size, morphology and pollution potential. Clay bricks pieces were prepared, and then tested, so as to determine their technological properties (e.g., linear shrinkage, water absorption, apparent density, and tensile strength). The sintered microstructure was evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). It was found that the sugarcane bagasse ash waste is mainly composed by crystalline silica particles. The test results indicate that the sugarcane bagasse ash waste could be used as a filler in clay bricks, thus enhancing the possibility of its reuse in a safe and sustainable way.

Characterization of Sugarcane Bagasse Ash for Use in Ceramic Bodies

The objective of this work is to characterization of sugarcane bagasse ash waste aiming the use it in red ceramic industry. The characterization was done in terms of chemical composition, X-ray diffraction, particle size distribution, morphology, and plasticity. The results show that the cane bagasse ash waste is a non plastic material, which contains high content of silica and minor amounts of Al, Fe, Ca, Mg, and K oxides. Thus, the sugar cane bagasse ash waste presents high potential for application in the manufacture of ceramic products such as bricks, roofing tiles, and ceramic tiles.