Sugar Agroindustry Research Articles

Financial Analysis of Coconut Sugar Production: A Case Study in Mempawah Regency, Indonesia

Coconut is one of the key plantation commodities in the Mempawah Regency that needs to be developed. This is necessary in order to increase the income of coconut sugar craftsmen and also allow them gain knowledge of the industrial scale through feasibility studies on the agro-industry. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the structure of production cost and operating income as well as the feasibility of the coconut sugar agro-industry. This analysis is important for craftsmen in the regency that engage in the continuous production of coconut sugar. Furthermore, this study was conducted in Mempawah Regency with 34 coconut farmers. The analysis of the R/C ratio and Break-Even Point (BEP) was used to determine the indicator of financial feasibility. The result revealed that the average production cost needed by the agro-industry was 7,659,868 IDR month<sup>-1</sup> and the generated income was 3,483,132 IDR month<sup>-1</sup>. Additionally, the coconut sugar agro-industry was financially feasible as the obtained R/C ratio was 1.45. The BEP of production volume and Cost of Good Solds (COGS) was 346 kg and 9,814.92 IDR which is less than the actual production volume and price. It was suggested that craftsmen of coconut sugar produce more than 346 kg of sugar per month with a selling price above 9,814.92 IDR kg<sup>-1</sup> in order to obtain profit.

Bioindicators for the Sustainability of Sugar Agro-Industry.

The worldwide sugar industry presents a productive inertia and a fragile sustainability due to there are marginal advances in the productivity, productive diversification, and reduction of the environmental impact in cane crop fields, sugar factories, distilleries, and non-centrifuged sugar production. The complexity of sustainability evaluation in sugar industry is highlighted by the incorporation of many criteria including both quantitative and qualitative issues, measured by different units or at least the development of standards for benchmarking. The key to successful sustainability will ultimately depend on the progress in sugarcane productivity without increasing the cultivated area and decreases the environmental impacts without the lack of coordination between public policies, stakeholders, and markets which would have benefits and wellness on social, economic, and environmental aspects. The aim of this research was to carry out a review about the sustainability frameworks, indicators, constraints, and barrier to transit the sugar industry to sustainability. The results present opportunities and strengths of sugar industry related to 2030 agenda for sustainable development and circular economy as an useful guidance to formulate strategies to maximizing the potential of the sugar industry to a sustainable biofactory.

Implementation of ethereum blockchain on transaction recording of white sugar supply chain data

The complex supply chain system for the sugar agroindustry supply chain involves many actors, resulting in the asymmetry of information data. It still leads to a lack of data transparency. In the past, data traceability could not be made efficient at every stage, so the record data transaction was not real-time, less accurate, and inefficient coordination between actors. Blockchain is one of the technologies in the 4.0 era as a distributed ledger technology. It can be transparency, traceability, security, immutability, and decentralization. This study aims to design a white sugar agroindustry system based on blockchain technology using the SDLC waterfall stage public. Ethereum is a proof-of-work convention based on the Ropsten test-net on the Metamask wallet. The sugar supply chain system that has been successfully developed allows consumers to track the purchased sugar products based on the transaction hash code sent by the seller. The data listed is the location of the plantation, the quantity (quintal) and quality of sugarcane (percentage), and the purchase price. A web-based blockchain application could be used as a model by national sugar factories to help them make enough sugar food for themselves.

STUDY OF SUGAR CANE SUGAR AGROINDUSTRY MECHANICAL METHODS AND CONVENTIONAL METHODS: A COMPARISON OF INCOME

Cane sugar agroindustry is the processing of sugarcane juice into sugar cane using conventional methods. However, along with the development of this agroindustry innovation began to adopt technology with mechanical methods. In the production process, there is the use of inputs that differentiate the impact on agroindustry income which is not yet known for certain, therefore this study aims to: 1) determine the description of the sugar cane agroindustry method mechanical and conventional methods at Kayu Aro, Kerinci District, 2) knowing the comparative income of sugar cane agroindustry with mechanical and conventional methods at Kayu Aro, Kerinci District. This research was conducted on August 10th to September 10th, 2020 at Sungai Asam Village, Kayu Aro, Kerinci District purposively, with the consideration that Sungai Asam Village has the largest area of sugarcane land, sugarcane production, sugar production and the largest number of craftsmen and there are more processing methods from one. The number of samples was 47 people, divided into 33 mechanical craftsmen and 14 conventional craftsmen. The data analysis method used is descriptive analysis, income analysis and comparative analysis of sugar cane agroindustry income with a two difference test mean. (1) The difference in the methods used causes the difference in the amount of sugarcane juice raw material produced by the mechanical method is greater which affects the amount of use of auxiliary materials and the fuel needed is also greater which results in higher sugar production than conventional. So that mechanical processing is better than conventional processing. (2) The income of the mechanical method of cane sugar agroindustry is 40% higher than conventional. This occurs as a result of the difference in the amount of bulk sugar production which is greater than the sugar production at different price levels.Keywords: Sugar Cane, Mechanical, Conventional, Income, Comparison

STRUKTUR BIAYA, KEUNTUNGAN, DAN NILAI TAMBAH AGROINDUSTRI GULA KELAPA DI KECAMATAN NEGERI KATON KABUPATEN PESAWARAN

This research aims to analyze the structure of costs, profit, and added value of coconut agroindustry. This research was a survey method of 38 coconut sugar agroindustries in Negeri Katon Subdistrict, Pesawaran Regency. The data of this research were collected in December 2019 - January 2020. The analytical methods used in this research were cost structure analysis of total costs, profit analysis based on revenue and total costs, and Hayami added value analysis. The results of this research indicated that the biggest cost component of the cost structure of coconut sugar production were palm juice (44.21%), then followed by labor cost (24.22%), firewood cost (15.43%), transportation cost (8.45%), wooden box cost (3.47%), tool depreciation cost (1.67%), sodium cost (1.55%), plastic cost (0.69%), and whiting cost (0.31%). Coconut sugar agroindustry in Negeri Katon Subdistrict Pesawaran Regency received profit as much as IDR1,549,174.33/month. Added value of coconut sugar was IDR1,111.22/liter of raw material. It indicated that coconut sugar agroindustry in Negeri Katon Subdistrict Pesawaran Regency had a positive added value and feasible to be developed.Key words: agroindustry, coconut sugar, cost structure, profit, added value

Resultantes ambientais da drenagem de superfícies brejais e lacustres na baixada Campista, Norte do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil

Interventions in river environments are measures taken by men since they have become sedentary. In the Campista lowland, the main objective of these interventions was to create the ideal conditions for the establishment of the sugar agro-industry and the expansion of sugarcane cultivation areas. To achieve this, a wide drainage of the wetland and lacustrine surfaces of the region was carried out through the deployment of a network of artificial channels. Currently, it is clear that these structures acted so that they intensified the consequences of environmental disasters deflagrated by floods and droughts. Given this context, this work presents a historic review of this drainage process, as well as assessment of the environmental consequences of such interventions, especially those regarding the hydrology of river environments that characterize the low courses of rivers, and the worsening of extreme hydrological events which eventually cause environmental disasters.

PENGEMBANGAN MODEL BISNIS AGROINDUSTRI GULA KELAPA KRISTAL BERIODIUM

This study aims to describe the current condition of the iodized crystal coconut sugar agro-industry business model and to determine the appropriate canvas business model design for the agro-industry to be applied in its business development strategy. The data processing method uses a qualitative approach using SWOT analysis in combining the nine elements of the canvas business model. The results showed that the business model in the iodized crystal coconut sugar agroindustry is currently still being carried out in the old way by maintaining the same market segmentation, with limited marketing, so that it has not been able to maximize its business properly to get a profit so it is necessary to modify the business model. by narrowing its target market, developing production and marketing of its products. Keywords: BMC, crystal coconut sugar, iodized coconut sugar

ROLE OF SOCIAL CAPITAL COMMUNITY BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT PROCESS AGROINDUSTRY PALM SUGAR PROTECTED AREAS IN THE FOREST BUFFER

The study aims to determine (1) the state of social capital businesses agro-industry palm sugar in the buffer zones of protected forest sub district of Bulango Ulu Bone Bolango regency, (2) the state of the business development agro-industry of palm sugar in the buffer zones of protected forest sub district of Bulango Ulu Bone Bolango regency, (3) the role of social capital for the development of agro-industrial enterprises palm sugar in the buffer zone of protected forests Bulango Ulu sub district Bone Bolango regency. This research is quantitative. Sources of data in this research are secondary data from the primary data from questionnaires to farmers. The data analysis technique used is descriptive statistics and regression. These results indicate that (1) Social capital is owned by farmers in a fairly good state because it has an average value of 83.32%. This shows that people in a community of palm sugar craftsmen were able to cooperate with each other and mutual cooperation in achieving the common good in a business that was involved. (2) The Palm Sugar Agro-industry business development in the area of protected forest buffer Bulango Ulu sub district Bone Bolango regency has been running quite well because it has an average value of 76.76%. (3) In partial and simultaneously social trust, social norms, social networks and local wisdom a significant effect on the business development process agro-industry of palm sugar in the buffer area of protected forests Bulango Ulu sub district Bone Bolango regency the determinant value of 79.90%.

Proposed Design of White Sugar Industrial Supply Chain System based on Blockchain Technology

The white crystal sugar agro-industry is an industry with dynamic characteristics characterized by a sustainable relationship between actors ranging from farmers to consumers. An inefficient supply chain system will affect the flow of products, information, and finance because many actors are involved and have influence. Hence, complicating the system in the tracking process flow, product flow and creating problems that occur in business processes. The main objective of this research is to propose the design of an integrated white crystal sugar agro-industrial supply chain system based on blockchain technology so that it can increase competitiveness in realizing food security and resilience; by proposing a search for the problem of mismatches that occur along the supply chain from upstream to downstream. The variables that will be identified in the supply chain flow include quality, quantity, and price, with the suitability of transaction information data ranging from farmers, sugar factories, warehouses, distribution, retailers to the final consumer. It is hoped that consumers will feel happy to consume trusted local sugar with the best safety and quality, as well as ensure transparency of information between actors. Previous traditional methods, which were still centralized, would be transformed into decentralized information, to create trust among stakeholders. With a blockchain-based traceability architecture design, it is hoped that the proposed design can be implemented in the white crystal sugar agro-industry.

Management and valorization of waste from a non-centrifugal cane sugar mill via anaerobic co-digestion: Technical and economic potential

The main sugarcane wastes from the non-centrifugal cane sugar (NCS) agro-industry, agricultural crop residue (ACR) and sugarcane scum (SCS), were used to produce biogas in a bench-scale semi-continuous anaerobic tubular digester. A two-stage strategy was proposed to achieve the appropriate operability and stability of the digester. In the first stage, the operability of the digester was achieved with ACR mono-digestion. In the second stage, the digester feed was changed until it reached an ACR:SCS ratio (co-digestion) of 75:25, based on volatile solids, and until stability was achieved. The strategy was successful, and specific biogas production of 0.132 m3 kg−1VS with a methane content of 50.4% was achieved, confirming the technical feasibility of the process. Economic viability was established through a case study at a typical NCS mill. Therefore, anaerobic co-digestion can be consolidated as a technological alternative for the treatment of ACR + SCS and the sustainable benefit of the NCS agro-industry.

PENDAPATAN DAN NILAI TAMBAH AGROINDUSTRI GULA KELAPA SKALA RUMAH TANGGA DI KECAMATAN SIDOMULYO KABUPATEN LAMPUNG SELATAN

The purposes of this research are to analyze the income and added value of household scale coconut sugar agroindustry in Sidomulyo Subdistrict of South Lampung Regency. This research is conducted by a survey method in determining the sample. Respondents are the owners of coconut sugar agroindustries. Data were collected in January - February 2019, and analyzed using quantitative descriptive analysis. The results showed that income over cash costs amounted to Rp2,976,013.89 and income over total costs amounted to Rp529,747.40. Coconut sugar agroindustry was profitable with R/C of 3.66 over cash costs and 1.15 over total costs, it was worth cultivating because it had positive value-added, namely raw material of Rp949.84/ liter. Key words: added value, agroindustry, coconut sugar, income.

Profitabilitas dan Peluang Pengembangan Agroindustri Gula Kelapa dalam Sistem Agribisnis Kelapa (Cocos nucifera L.)

Coconut sugar agro-industry is one of the important commodities as a reliable source of income. This study aims to determine: (1) Profitability and profitability of the coconut sugar agro-industry business; and (2) Opportunities for developing coconut sugar agro-industry in Sukanagara village, Lakbok District, Ciamis Regency. The method used is a survey method, by taking the case of farmers who coconut sugar business in the village of Sukanagara, Lakbok District, Ciamis Regency. The research location is Sukanagara village with consideration of the results of these studies can provide solutions to increase coconut sugar production capacity to be in harmony with other villages. Determination of farmer respondents was conducted by census of 31 farmers. Analysis tools to determine the profitability of coconut sugar agro-industry can be seen from the costs incurred and the revenue generated in the production process, while the development opportunities are seen from the income and level of employment. The results showed that: (1) The use of total costs (production costs) in the coconut sugar agro-industry in the production process was Rp. 78,264.57 and Rp. 101,100. (2) The opportunity for developing coconut sugar agro-industry in Desa Sukanagara village is quite promising because the coconut sugar agro-industry is able to generate a profit of 29.18 percent of the capital spent in one production process. In addition, employment in the coconut sugar agroindustry in Sukanagara Village is 2.47 percent of the village workforce, although the percentage is small, it has been able to contribute to employment in Sukanagara Village.

“Un arcoíris en medio de la tempestad”. Visiones del potrero cubano en el siglo XIX

La historiografía agraria sobre Cuba en el siglo XIX ha puesto el foco en el azúcar, por la gran transformación económica, social y ambiental que convirtió a la isla en el primer exportador mundial. Sin embargo, muy poco se conoce sobre la evolución de la ganadería en el mismo siglo. Este trabajo ofrece elementos generales de la expansión del potrero y sus características en las zonas plantacionistas y aquellas aún dominadas por la actividad ganadera. El trabajo utiliza la estadística general existente y a los autores que se ocuparon del tema, para dar una visión sobre la importancia, limitaciones y obstáculos de esta nueva ganadería en la transición hacia un modelo agrario dominado por la agroindustria azucarera.
 

FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG BERPENGARUH TERHADAP PROFITABILITAS AGROINDUSTRI GULA KELAPA DI KABUPATEN PANGANDARAN

The study was conducted with the aim to find out the factors that influence the profitability of coconut sugar agroindustry in Pangandaran District. The study used a survey of 100 coconut sugar crafters taken from 10 districts in Pangandaran District. Factors that affect profitability are analyzed using multiple linear regression. The results showed that the profitability achieved by coconut sugar agro-industry in Pangandaran Regency was 12.93, which showed that the coconut sugar agro-industry was profitable. Capital and production partially have a significant effect on the profitability of coconut sugar agro-industry, while labor and raw materials have no significant effect.

Indicator of supply chain management performance in small households agro-industry

This study aimed to analyze the effect of product, information, and money flow indicators on the supply chain management in small household’s agroindustry. This research was carried out in the brown sugar agroindustry at Yogyakarta Region. Determination of the location was done by the purposive method (center of brown sugar production). The samples were 150 respondents consisting of farmers, small household’s agroindustry, CPUs, collectors, production centers, and consumers. Data analysis using PLS-SEM consisted of two submodels. The results showed that product flow, financial flow, and information flow are significant as supply chain management performance indicators. The product flow was ranked highest with a value of 3.76 from the Likert scale of 1-5. The supply of product from suppliers to consumers has been well integrated. However, there is a need to improve at central processing units (CPU) because there is still product accumulation. Information flow was ranked second, where communication between lines has been intertwined smoothly (3.74). To improve performance in this indicator, online communication is essential hence demand and supply data are quickly conveyed. The financial flow was ranked last (3.65). There are still funds that stop at the CPU level due to fluctuations in demand and supply.

Plexos conflictivos: una visión territorial e histórica de los conflictos ambientales en la cuenca alta del río Cauca

La región del Alto Cauca, localizada al sur occidente de Colombia, presenta desde la década de 1980 un entramado de conflictos ambientales relacionados con la expansión de la agroindustria azucarera, la minería, la generación hidroeléctrica y los sistemas de abastecimiento de agua potable, entre otros. A su vez, desde la década del 2000, las comunidades locales han padecido una violenta confrontación entre guerrillas, paramilitares, bandas criminales y el Ejército Nacional por el control territorial y el dominio de los bienes ambientales del territorio. Pese a la complejidad de los conflictos ambientales, su marco de análisis se ha concentrado en el estudio de irrupciones conflictivas más que en la explicación de procesos geohistóricos. Desde una experiencia compartida de investigación activista, fundamentada en el acompañamiento a las comunidades, la permanencia en los territorios y el desarrollo de metodologías cualitativas de talleres y entrevistas, los autores sugieren la apropiación de la categoría plexos conflictivos para caracterizar la trama de interacciones históricas y territoriales de los conflictos ambientales. Se argumenta que estos conflictos constituyen estructuras socioecológicas complejas, que deben ser analizadas a partir de perspectivas que revelen las estructuras de poder entre los actores, las trayectorias históricas y las configuraciones territoriales. El análisis desde los plexos permite explicar las formas en que una determinada irrupción conflictiva constituye un corte espaciotemporal, un segmento de mayor complejidad. Se propone, en este sentido, que esta categoría lleva a comprender que los conflictos emergentes devienen en conflictividades futuras y son determinados por conflictos pasados; también, que afectan y son afectados desde otras geografías. En el caso del Alto Cauca, las convergencias espaciotemporales entre los conflictos ambientales demuestran que estos se encuentran esencialmente asociados a la imposición del modelo económico capitalista. Este modelo se manifiesta claramente en la región en el desarrollo del poder económico y político vinculado a la expansión del cultivo e industrialización de la caña de azúcar, proceso que ha sido eje central de la formación del Estado y de la segregación social y espacial étnico-racial..

Development of indicators for the sustainability of the sugar industry

Abstract Sustainable development has been highlighted widely in productive sectors such as the sugar industry with new paradigms and trends such restructuring of sugar mills in biorefineries and development of green chemical from byproducts, considering issues such as technology adoption towards sustainability, circular economy, climate change, value chain, sustainability assessment and decision making. Production of cane sugar is one of Mexico’s main agro-industries; it conveys numerous positive socio-economic impacts and presents opportunities for productive diversification and enhanced profitability and competiveness. The sugar industry faces sustainability challenges due to the management of natural resources like soil, water, fossil fuels and agrochemicals, as well as the impacts of its greenhouse gas emissions and socio-economic constraints. However, sustainability of cane and sugar production cannot be assessed due to a lack of methodological frameworks for integrating economic and environmental indicators. We propose an index for Mexico’s sugar agro-industry that facilitates the identification of those system components that impact sustainability. This index is based on a reduced number of indicators aggregated through a multi-criteria evaluation using the analytical hierarchy process (AHP). We apply this index to evaluate four sugar production systems in Mexico: producers of raw, refined, muscovado sugar and ethanol. Results show that systems with a high agro-industrial yield present better sustainability performance. This study is relevant because it provides quantitative information for decision makers towards a sustainable sugarcane agro-industry, based on the indicators used to build the sustainability index, to address actions as increase productive diversification by-products based, improve access to credit, irrigation, management practices and raw material quality reducing production costs, eliminate fossil fuel use in factories, make fertilizer application more efficient and reduce the area that is burned for manual harvest.

Modeling of rainfall and fertilization factor of sugarcane productivity in Asembagus sugar factory Situbondo

Sugarcane is one of the important plantation crops commodities in plantation sub-sector development in East Java. However, domestic sugar needs are increasing every year, even making the government decide on the policy to import sugar. This situation shows that sugar is a basic requirement in Indonesia. The profitability of sugar agro-industry is influenced by climate and price. Low price and production risks affect the company's sustainable resilience. Rainfall is an important climate element and determines the plant water balance. While the incidence of climate anomalies in Indonesia has been shown to predominantly affect agricultural production and food security, besides that the fertilization process is also a major factor influencing the production of sugar cane produced. Fertilizer can provide nutrients in the soil, so that sugar cane can grow well. Sugar production in Asembagus factory every year has fluctuations, some of the dominant factors are the influence of rainfall and fertilization. The results showed that rainfall(X1) and fertilization(X2) significantly affected sugarcane productivity(Y). The regression model is Y = 33633 + 9,43X1 − 2,10X2. The modeling results are expected to be used as a company recommendation to determine policies in increasing Asembagus sugar factory production and more productive sugarcane cultivation techniques.

FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG BERPENGARUH TERHADAP PENDAPATAN DAN PRODUKTIVITAS AGROINDUSTRI GULA KELAPA DI KABUPATEN PANGANDARAN

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui: (1) Pendapatan agroindustri gula kelapa dan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhinya, dan (2) Produktivitas yang dicapai pada agroindustri gula kelapa dan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhinya. Penelitian dilaksanakan dengan menggunakan metode survai pada 100 agroindustri gula kelapa di Kabupaten Pangandaran. Pendapatan agroindustri gula kelapa didekati didekati dengan menggunakan analisis pendapatan, sedangkan produktivitas didekati dengan menggunakan produktivitas faktor total. Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi pendapatan dan produktivitas dianalisis dengan menggunakan persamaan regresi berganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan: (1) Biaya total agroindustri gula kelapa di Kabupaten Pangandaran sebesar Rp 85.135,39, penerimaan Rp 113.232,00, dan pendapatan Rp 28.096,61. Jumlah produksi, modal, pendidikan, kredit, dan penyuluhan berpengaruh signifikan terhadap pendapatan agroindustri gula kelapa, dan (2) Produktivitas faktor total yang dicapai pada agroindustri gula kelapa di Kabupaten Pangandaran berkisar antara 0,60-3,12, dengan rata-rata sebesar 1,52. Biaya produksi, pendidikan, pengalaman, ukuran keluarga, kredit, dan penyuluhan berpengaruh signifikan terhadap produktivitas yang dicapai pada agroindustri gula kelapa.

STUDI KOMPARATIF PRODUKSI DAN PENDAPATAN AGROINDUSTRI GULA KELAPA UKURAN KECIL DAN UKURAN BESAR (STUDI KASUS DI DESA SUMBERASRI KECAMATAN NGLEGOK KABUPATEN BLITAR)

The coconut sugar agroindustry located in Sumberasri Village of Blitar Regency is thehousehold scale industry. Initially, the coconut sugar producers in Sumberasri village ofBlitar Regency only produced the large size coconut sufar, but in the growth the coconut sugar consumers, in particular in Blitar regency, went into the change of taste inconsuming coconut sugar, a part of consumers assessed that the coconut sugar with smallsize is more practical and efficient. This case encourage coconut sugar producers toproduce the small size coconut sugar for the sake of satisfying the consumer demands.This research has the purposes, namely: To identify the characteristics of the producersof the small size and large size coconut sugar in Sumberasri village Nglegok subdistrictBlitar regency, To identify the reasons of coconut sugar producers to produce the smallsize and large size coconut sugar, To analyze the production cost and income of smallsize and largse size coconut sugar in Sumberasri village Nglegok subdistrict Blitarregency. The research location was in Sumberasri village Nglegok subdistrict Blitarregency with, research objects were coconut sugar producers, research respondents were4 small size coconut sugar producers and 8 large size coconut sugar producers. Based onthe results and discussion obtained that coconut sugar producers produced coconut sugarin 7 workdays with the amounts of small size coconut sugar were 410 kg and for the largesize coconut sugar were 233.5 kg. Whereas, the amounts of average income of the smallsize coconut sugar were Rp. 1,005,651.855 and the large size coconut sugar were Rp.284,685.66, this case obviously different in the production and income of the small sizeand large size coconut sugar.