Sufficient Criteria Research Articles

ANALYSIS OF THE DEGREE OF FISCAL DECENTRALISATION, INDEPENDENCE, REVENUE EFFECTIVENESS, AND FINANCIAL EFFICIENCY IN MEASURING FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE

This research aims to analyze the factors causing the Degree of Fiscal Decentralization Ratio to remain at an adequate level, the Independence Ratio to be relatively high, the Regional Budget Revenue Effectiveness Ratio to be high, and the Regional Financial Efficiency Ratio to also be high. Additionally, the study seeks to improve the financial performance of the Riau Islands Provincial Government based on these ratios. This field research uses a quantitative descriptive approach, collecting data from the Riau Islands Provincial Financial and Asset Management Agency’s Budget Realization Report with a saturated sampling technique. The results show that the Degree of Decentralization Ratio remains within sufficient criteria, the Independence Ratio is at a medium level, the Regional Budget Revenue Effectiveness Ratio is already very effective, while the Regional Financial Efficiency Ratio is inefficient. To improve financial performance concerning the Independence Ratio, it is recommended to provide public education on natural resource management. For the Decentralization Ratio, efforts are needed to develop trade and manufacturing sectors and optimize existing Regional Budget Revenues. To enhance the Effectiveness Ratio, it is important to continue optimizing regional income utilization, and for the Efficiency Ratio, preparing regional workers according to their fields is essential to reduce the relatively high regional expenditures.

Synchronization of directly coupled complex networks with multiweights and multiple delays

This paper investigates the synchronization of directed and multiweighted dynamic networks (DMDNs) with different delay couplings. Time delays in this paper are assumed to exist between the communication process, so communication between different nodes can generate time delays, while communications between the same nodes do not need time delays. Using the normalized left eigenvectors (NLEigs) corresponding to the zero eigenvalue of the coupling matrix, we prove that if both the time delay and the Chebyshev distance between NLEigs are small enough, all coupling matrices can accelerate the synchronization. Moreover, we also investigate the consensus for directed and multiweighted multi-agents with arbitrary bounded/unbounded time delays. Furthermore, the corresponding pinning control synchronization and consensus problem are also investigated, and sufficient synchronization criteria are also obtained. Numerical simulations are presented to show the validity of obtained theoretical results.

Adaptive event-triggered secure control for IT2 fuzzy systems vulnerable to hybrid attacks and its application

This work addresses the adaptive event-triggered control issue that interval type-2 (IT2) fuzzy systems are vulnerable to hybrid attacks.They were initially developed for fuzzy systems by thoroughly addressing the characteristics of hybrid attacks, which include deception attacks and replay attacks. Our main goal is to mitigate the effects of hybrid attacks and protect communication resources by developing an event-triggered controller for IT2 fuzzy systems with adjustable thresholds. The proposed hybrid attacks are described by a stochastic random variable that satisfies the Bernoulli distribution. Based on Lyapunov-Krasvoskii stability theory, the resulting closed-loop IT2 fuzzy system clearly satisfies sufficient criteria to ensure mean square stability. Also, the weight matrices of the trigger condition and controller gain matrices are obtained using LMI techniques. Lastly, a numerical example is provided to illustrate the effectiveness and applicability of the proposed control strategy.

Bipartite formation control of second-order multi-agent systems with antagonistic interactions under dynamic event-triggered adaptive schemes

This article examines the adaptive leader-following bipartite formation (LBF) of second-order nonlinear multi-agent systems (MASs) with antagonistic interactions over a directed signed graph. To save the scarce communication resources efficiently, a novel distributed controller is designed for the LBF of the MASs, where a dynamic event-triggered (DET) control protocol with dynamic parameters is proposed. Meanwhile, the optimal control gains for realizing adaptive bipartite formation are obtained in accordance with the designed adaptive updating laws. By employing the DET mechanism and the Lyapunov functionals in conjunction, sufficient criteria for the adaptive LBF of the second-order MASs with antagonistic interactions and a directed signed graph are obtained. Furthermore, it has been demonstrated that Zeno phenomenon doesn't exist. Finally, the efficacy of the theoretical outcomes and the control protocol is validated through a numerical simulation.

Does the Creative Problem-Solving Model Improve Students' Argumentation Skills?

Argumentation skills are one of the skills of the 21st century. The research aims to analyze students' achievement of argumentation skills using the Creative Problem Solving (CPS) model on biodiversity material. Qualitative research with descriptive methods. The research subjects were class X students in one of the Bandung City schools. The purposive sampling technique used 30 students. The argumentation skills question instrument is based on Toulmin's Argumentation Pattern which has level 1-5 criteria containing 12 essay questions. The research results showed that the students' strongest argumentation skills were at level 3 at 63.3 Percent with sufficient criteria and the weakest at level 1 and level 5 with very weak criteria. The criteria for level 1 are very weak, level 2 is weak, level 3 is sufficient, level 4 is strong, and level 5 is very strong. It is important for other education experts to acquire argumentation skills in the learning process.

Efficiency criteria and dual techniques for some nonconvex multiple cost minimization models

In this study, we investigate a class of multi-objective variational control problems governed by nonconvex simple integral functionals. Concretely, we establish and prove (necessary and sufficient) efficiency criteria and dual techniques for some nonconvex multiple cost minimization models. To this aim, we extend and use the concept of (Ψ,ω)-invexity to the case of multi-objective variational control problems. Thereafter, by assuming (Ψ,ω)-invexity, (strictly) (Ψ,ω)-pseudoinvexity and/or (Ψ,ω)-quasiinvexity of the involved functionals, we state the sufficient efficiency criteria and associate a dual problem for the considered model.

Mixed orthogonality graphs for continuous‐time state space models and orthogonal projections

In this article, we derive (local) orthogonality graphs for the popular continuous‐time state space models, including in particular multivariate continuous‐time ARMA (MCARMA) processes. In these (local) orthogonality graphs, vertices represent the components of the process, directed edges between the vertices indicate causal influences and undirected edges indicate contemporaneous correlations between the component processes. We present sufficient criteria for state space models to satisfy the assumptions of Fasen‐Hartmann and Schenk (2024a) so that the (local) orthogonality graphs are well‐defined and various Markov properties hold. Both directed and undirected edges in these graphs are characterised by orthogonal projections on well‐defined linear spaces. To compute these orthogonal projections, we use the unique controller canonical form of a state space model, which exists under mild assumptions, to recover the input process from the output process. We are then able to derive some alternative representations of the output process and its highest derivative. Finally, we apply these representations to calculate the necessary orthogonal projections, which culminate in the characterisations of the edges in the (local) orthogonality graph. These characterisations are given by the parameters of the controller canonical form and the covariance matrix of the driving Lévy process.

Management of Carbon Emissions via a Nonzero-Sum Stochastic Differential Game

This study examines an environmental management strategy to effectively cap greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in an electricity market. To do so, we model a stochastic impulse two-person, nonzero-sum game between a power plant, a representative of electricity production within a country whose primary aim is to maximize profits, and government who is motivated to minimize the social and environmental cost of pollution. We assume that the power plant’s competitive price is equal to the marginal cost whilst the government’s running cost is linear. When the uncontrolled output of GHG emissions evolves as a Geometric Brownian motion, we provide a more dynamic and robust depiction of the interplay between government and the energy sector. We provide solutions to the impulse control problem derived via the quasi-variational inequalities (QVIs). We then present a sufficiency criterion for the existence of a Nash equilibrium for the optimal policy. Ultimately, our use of short-run price competition characterized by strategic supplies for renewable and fossil resources and inclusion of endogenous constraints on production capacity provides a more robust model and an effective framework for the development of policy that allows governments to meet emissions targets whilst guaranteeing energy supply.

Robust Optimality and Duality for Nonsmooth Multiobjective Programming Problems with Vanishing Constraints Under Data Uncertainty

This article investigates robust optimality conditions and duality results for a class of nonsmooth multiobjective programming problems with vanishing constraints under data uncertainty (UNMPVC). Mathematical programming problems with vanishing constraints constitute a distinctive class of constrained optimization problems because of the presence of complementarity constraints. Moreover, uncertainties are inherent in various real-life problems. The aim of this article is to identify an optimal solution to an uncertain optimization problem with vanishing constraints that remains feasible in every possible future scenario. Stationary conditions are necessary conditions for optimality in mathematical programming problems with vanishing constraints. These conditions can be derived under various constraint qualifications. Employing the properties of convexificators, we introduce generalized standard Abadie constraint qualification (GS-ACQ) for the considered problem, UNMPVC. We introduce a generalized robust version of nonsmooth stationary conditions, namely a weakly stationary point, a Mordukhovich stationary point, and a strong stationary point (RS-stationary) for UNMPVC. By employing GS-ACQ, we establish the necessary conditions for a local weak Pareto solution of UNMPVC. Moreover, under generalized convexity assumptions, we derive sufficient optimality criteria for UNMPVC. Furthermore, we formulate the Wolfe-type and Mond–Weir-type robust dual models corresponding to the primal problem, UNMPVC.

Stability and boundedness of solutions to a certain third-order neutral integro-differential equation with constant delay

In this work, we examine a third-order nonlinear neutral integro-differential equation with constant delay. By building a Lyapunov functional, we obtain some sufficient criteria that ensure the asymptotic stability and boundedness of solutions for an analyzed equation. We present two examples to demonstrate the applicability of our conclusions, which extend and improve several well-known results in the literature.

Resolution‐Dependent State Estimation for a Class of Nonlinear Coupled Complex Networks With Stochastic Communication and Correlated Noises

ABSTRACTThis article proposes the design of the resolution‐dependent variance‐constrained state estimation (RDVCSE) algorithm for a class of time‐varying nonlinear coupled complex networks (TVNCCNs) with stochastic communication and correlated noises. Specifically, a continuous‐differentiable nonlinear function with bounded first partial derivative is considered during the exchange among different coupled units and a resolution‐limited model is taken into account to embody the limited data‐processing capabilities of sensors. In order to describe the principle of random allocation in engineering, a stochastic strategy is employed in the sensor/estimator shared channel. An augmented RDVCSE method is developed such that the error covariance upper bound of state estimation (ECUBSE) can be guaranteed and obtained first. Then, the estimator parameter can be concretized via optimizing the trace of ECUBSE. In addition, a sufficient criterion is provided to verify the uniform boundedness of the presented RDVCSE algorithm. Finally, a comparative simulation is carried out to illustrate the validity of the introduced RDVCSE algorithm.

THE NATURE OF DARK COLORATION OF DEVONIAN CARBONATE ROCKS (POTENTIALLY PETROLEUM-BEARING WITHIN THE YENISEI-KHATANGA REGIONAL TROUGH) IN THE AMBARDAKH AREA (EASTERN SIBERIA)

Lithological studies of sedimentary rocks are often challenged by manifestations of the superimposed processes which are related neither to the stages of lithogenesis, nor to its zonality/direction. This can be exemplified by skarns in the carbonate-terrigenous sections of the unified Yukta and Nakohoz-Kalargon formations of Devonian age which were studied in the area of Lake Baselak and the Ambardakh River basin during the expedition works. Since the latter contain potentially oil and gas-bearing strata in the area of the Yenisei-Khatanga regional trough, special attention was paid to the dark-colored lithotypes during the research. It was revealed that among the studied samples, the dark color of some of them was of mineral nature, rather than due to the presence of OM. In these samples, the mineral composition was studied in detail, with determination of the association of newly formed minerals, which allowed us to propose hypothesized mechanism and stages of their formation. The dark color of sedimentary rocks has been shown to be not a sufficient criterion for searches for oil and gas accumulation. New results of the field studies of Pre-Triassic sedimentary complexes in the northern part of Kureyka syneclise are also presented.

Capacity of infinite graphs over non-Archimedean ordered fields

In this article we study the notion of capacity of a vertex for infinite graphs over non-Archimedean fields. In contrast to graphs over the real field monotone limits do not need to exist. Thus, in our situation next to positive and null capacity there is a third case of divergent capacity. However, we show that either of these cases is independent of the choice of the vertex and is therefore a global property for connected graphs. The capacity is shown to connect the minimization of the energy, solutions of the Dirichlet problem and existence of a Green's function. We furthermore give sufficient criteria in form of a Nash-Williams test, study the relation to Hardy inequalities and discuss the existence of positive superharmonic functions. Finally, we investigate the analytic features of the transition operator in relation to the inverse of the Laplace operator.

G-connections on principal bundles over complete G-varieties

Let X be a complete variety over an algebraically closed field k of characteristic zero, equipped with an action of an algebraic group G. Let H be a reductive group. We study the notion of G-connection on a principal H-bundle. We give necessary and sufficient criteria for the existence of G-connections extending the Atiyah-Weil type criterion for holomorphic connections obtained by Azad and Biswas. We also establish a relationship between the existence of G-connection and equivariant structure on a principal H-bundle, under the assumption that G is semisimple and simply connected. These results have been obtained by Biswas et al. when the underlying variety is smooth.

Starlikeness and Convexity of Generalized Bessel-Maitland Function

The main objective of this research is to examine a specific sufficiency criteria for the starlikeness and convexity of order δ, k-uniform starlikeness, k-uniform convexity, lemniscate starlikeness and convexity, exponential starlikeness and convexity, uniform convexity of the Generalized Bessel-Maitland function. Applications of these conclusions to the concept of corollaries are also provided. Additionally, an illustrated representation of these outcomes will be presented. So functional inequalities involving gamma function will be the main research tools of this exploration. The outcomes from this study generalize a number of conclusions from earlier studies.

Robust Cooperative Control for Heterogeneous Uncertain Nonlinear High-Order Fully Actuated Multiagent Systems.

This research is intended to address a robust cooperative control problem of heterogeneous uncertain nonlinear high-order fully actuated multiagent systems (HUN-HOFAMASs). A nonlinear HOFA system model is used to describe the multiagent systems (MASs) with heterogeneous uncertain nonlinear dynamics, which is called the HUN-HOFAMASs. A predictive terminal sliding-mode control-based robust cooperative control scheme is presented to address this problem. In this scheme, heterogeneous nonlinear dynamics of original system are offset to establish a linear constant HOFA system with the help of full actuation feature. Then, a terminal sliding-mode variable for enhancing the system robustness is introduced to handle the uncertainties. Furthermore, a linear incremental prediction model is developed in a HOFA form by means of a Diophantine equation. According to this model, the multistep terminal sliding-mode predictions are yielded to optimize the robust cooperative control performance and compensate for the network-induced communication constraints in the feedback and forward channels. Based on a linear matrix inequality (LMI) method, a necessary and sufficient criterion is derived to discuss the simultaneous consensus and stability of closed-loop HUN-HOFAMASs. The simulation and comparison results of cooperative flying around of multiple spacecraft system are shown to illustrate the capability and advantage of the presented predictive terminal sliding-mode control for robust cooperative control.

A Switching Memory-Based Event-Trigger Scheme for Synchronization of Lur'e Systems With Actuator Saturation: A Hybrid Lyapunov Method.

This article is concerned with the event-triggered synchronization of Lur'e systems subject to actuator saturation. Aiming at reducing control costs, a switching-memory-based event-trigger (SMBET) scheme, which allows a switching between the sleeping interval and the memory-based event-trigger (MBET) interval, is first presented. In consideration of the characteristics of SMBET, a piecewise-defined but continuous looped-functional is newly constructed, under which the requirement of positive definiteness and symmetry on some Lyapunov matrices is dropped within the sleeping interval. Then, a hybrid Lyapunov method (HLM), which bridges the gap between the continuous-time Lyapunov theory (CTLT) and the discrete-time Lyapunov theory (DTLT), is used to make the local stability analysis of the closed-loop system. Meanwhile, using a combination of inequality estimation techniques and the generalized sector condition, two sufficient local synchronization criteria and a codesign algorithm for the controller gain and triggering matrix are developed. Furthermore, two optimization strategies are, respectively, put forward to enlarge the estimated domain of attraction (DoA) and the allowable upper bound of sleeping intervals on the premise of ensuring local synchronization. Finally, a three-neuron neural network and the classical Chua's circuit are used to carry out some comparison analyses and to display the advantages of the designed SMBET strategy and the constructed HLM, respectively. Also, an application to image encryption is provided to substantiate the feasibility of the obtained local synchronization results.

Mixed orthogonality graphs for continuous-time stationary processes

In this paper, we introduce different concepts of Granger causality and contemporaneous correlation for multivariate stationary continuous-time processes to model different dependencies between the component processes. Several equivalent characterisations are given for the different definitions, in particular by orthogonal projections. We then define two mixed graphs based on different definitions of Granger causality and contemporaneous correlation, the (mixed) orthogonality graph and the local (mixed) orthogonality graph. In these graphs, the components of the process are represented by vertices, directed edges between the vertices visualise Granger causal influences and undirected edges visualise contemporaneous correlation between the component processes. Further, we introduce various notions of Markov properties in analogy to Eichler (2012), which relate paths in the graphs to different dependence structures of subprocesses, and we derive sufficient criteria for the (local) orthogonality graph to satisfy them. Finally, as an example, for the popular multivariate continuous-time AR (MCAR) processes, we explicitly characterise the edges in the (local) orthogonality graph by the model parameters.

Noncompressible Chest Wall in Critically Buried Avalanche Victims with Cardiac Arrest: A Case Series.

David Eidenbenz, Alexandre Kottmann, Ken Zafren, Pierre-Nicolas Carron, Roland Albrecht, and Mathieu Pasquier. Noncompressible chest wall in critically buried avalanche victims with cardiac arrest: a case series. High Alt Med Biol. 00:00-00, 2024. Introduction: In avalanche victims with cardiac arrest, a noncompressible chest wall or frozen body is a contraindication to initiating cardiopulmonary resuscitation. The evidence sustaining this recommendation is low. Objective: To describe the characteristics and prehospital management of critically buried avalanche victims declared dead on site, with and without noncompressible chest walls. Methods: Retrospective study including all critically buried avalanche victims declared dead on site by physicians of a helicopter emergency medical service in Switzerland, from 2010 to 2019. The primary outcome was the proportion of victims with a noncompressible chest wall reported in medical records. Secondary outcomes included victims' characteristics and the relevance of the criterion, noncompressible chest wall, for management. Results: Among the 53 included victims, 12 (23%) had noncompressible chest walls. Victims with noncompressible chest walls had significantly longer burial durations (median 1,125 vs. 45 minutes; p < 0.001) and lower core temperatures (median 14 vs. 32°C; p = 0.01). The criterion, noncompressible chest wall, assessed in six victims, was decisive for declaring death on site in four victims. Conclusion: The presence of a noncompressible chest wall does not appear to be a sufficient criterion to allow to declare the death of critically buried avalanche victims. Further clinical information should be sought.

Assessing the Accuracy of Quantum Dynamics Performed in the Time-Dependent Basis Representation.

A full quantum-mechanical (QM) description of large amplitude nuclear motion, associated with chemical reactions or isomerization of high-dimensional molecular systems, is inherently challenging due to the exponential scaling of the QM complexity with system size. To ameliorate the scaling bottleneck in studies of realistic systems, typically modeled in the configuration space, the nuclear wave functions are represented in terms of time-dependent basis functions. Such bases are expected to give an accurate description with a modest number of basis functions employed, by adapting them to the wave function solving the time-dependent Schrödinger equation. It is not, however, straightforward to estimate the accuracy of the resulting solution: in QM the energy conservation, a convenient such measure for a classical trajectory evolving in a time-independent potential, is not a sufficient criterion of the dynamics' accuracy. In this work, we argue that the expectation value of the Hamiltonian's "variance", quantifying the basis completeness, is a suitable practical measure of the quantum dynamics' accuracy. Illustrations are given for several chemistry-relevant test systems, modeled employing time-independent as well as time-dependent bases, including the coupled and variational coherent states methods and the quantum-trajectory guided adaptable Gaussians (QTAG) as the latter basis type. A novel semilocal definition of the QTAG basis time-evolution for placing the basis functions "in the right place at the right time" is also presented.