Sufficient Budget Research Articles

Implementation of Drug Logistics Management in The Pharmacy Installation of Surya Insani Hospital Pasir Pangaraian Rokan Hulu Regency

Background: The availability of drugs currently creates demand for medical services. Drug logistics management in hospitals includes stages such as planning, procurement, storage, distribution, processing, evaluation and monitoring, and are interdependent on each other so that they must be well coordinated so that each stage can run optimally. Objectives: Knowing the Implementation of Drug Logistics Management in Hospital Pharmacy Installations Surya Insani Research method: Qualitative descriptive research with a cross-sectional approach. Results: In the input component, There is a positive and significant relationship between training and employee performance. To ensure the quality of supplies and extend the life of equipment, there must be a sufficient budget for purchasing drugs and maintaining drug storage facilities and other related equipment. Guaranteed to be sensitive to measurements and meet requirements, lighting, and calibrate certain equipment annually. In the Process component, planning, procurement, storage, distribution, processing, control. The composition of output, the availability of drugs at the Surya Insani is in accordance with demand, but there are still some drugs that are sometimes not available because the distributor or PBF warehouse runs out of stock. The results of the study also showed that the adequacy of planned drugs and the number of drugs available during the inventory period are important and appropriate when needed. In addition, at the Surya Insani Pasir Pangaraian Hospital. There are still many damaged or expired drugs. This shows that drug management, both input and drug administration processes, still need to be evaluated so that drug management at the Surya Insani Pasir Pangaraian Hospital can be effective and efficient. Conclusion: The availability of drugs at the Pharmacy Installation of Surya Insani Hospital is in accordance with needs.

Fire management in the disaster prevention and mitigation division of lad luang municipality, phra pradaeng district, samut prakan province

This article aims to study the management of problems, obstacles, and suggest guidelines for the development of fire management in Lat Luang Municipality's public disaster prevention and relief work. Phra Pradaeng District Samut Prakan Province, sample group used in this study The total population was determined to be a sample of 50 people and a sample of 15 people was used to collect qualitative data. The researcher used quantitative and qualitative research processes. and collected data using questionnaires and in-depth interviews. The results of the research found that 1) Fire management of disaster prevention and relief work in Lat Luang Municipality. Phra Pradaeng District Samut Prakan Province as a whole is at a good level. 2) Guidelines for developing fire management of disaster prevention and relief work in Lat Luang Municipality. Phra Pradaeng District Samut Prakan Province: There should be a situation commander with specific knowledge and expertise in direct disaster prevention and relief operations. Including creating awareness for the people to be aware and participate in fire prevention in the community. Promote participation and integration of all sectors in management, including the public and private sectors, the public, volunteer foundations and training centers. And there should be sufficient budget support for all sectors to participate in sustainable disaster prevention and relief.

Joint trajectory and beamforming optimization for UAV secure communications with passive coupled phase-shift/active STAR-RIS

Recently, the concept of simultaneously transmitting and reflecting reconfigurable intelligent surface (STAR-RIS) has been proposed to achieve a full-space (i.e., 360∘) reconfigurable wireless environment. By exploiting the capability of manipulating signal propagation in both transmission and reflection spaces, the STAR-RIS possesses great potential to boost the security in unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) communications. In this paper, the trajectory and beamforming optimization are investigated for secure transmission in STAR-RIS-assisted UAV communication systems. Unlike existing studies on the STAR-RIS that mostly focus on the passive ideal model, we consider the more practical passive coupled phase-shift model and the active model of the STAR-RIS. Under the multi-user multi-eavesdropper scenario, we aim to maximize the minimum average secrecy rate by jointly optimizing the UAV-base station's (UAV-BS's) beamforming, UAV's trajectory, and the STAR-RIS's transmission and reflection (T&R) coefficients. To tackle the non-convex optimization problem, the original problem is decomposed into three subproblems, and efficient alternating algorithms are proposed by leveraging the semi-definite relaxation, the successive convex approximation, and penalty-based approaches. Simulation results show that: 1) the practical coupled phase-shift model of passive STAR-RIS suffers a security performance degradation compared with the ideal independent phase-shift model, but it still outperforms the conventional RIS; 2) the active STAR-RIS with sufficient power budget outperforms its passive counterpart, while behaves slightly worse under unreasonable power budget; 3) the optimization of T&R coefficients drives the UAV's trajectory closer to the STAR-RIS, and the amplitudes of T&R coefficients highly depend on the UAV's trajectory in order to ensure the secrecy rate fairness.

Mitigating Stunting in Semarang City, Indonesia: A Comprehensive Approach to Better Health and Well-Being

Background: Among the 29 districts and 6 cities in Central Java, Semarang City stands out as the urban area with the most substantial reduction in stunting prevalence over a year (2021-2022), from 21,3% to 10.4%, while numerous regions continue to grapple with challenges in lowering rates of stunting. Aims: This study aims to investigate Semarang City's comprehensive strategy for mitigating stunting. Methods: This study used a qualitative case study approach. Utilizing focus group discussions (FGD) and document analysis, representatives from 16 diverse sectors, including health, education, religion, social services, food security, and more, engaged in discussions to synchronize activities and policies to achieve the common goal of stunting reduction. Simultaneously, a comprehensive document analysis was conducted, reviewing relevant documents, reports, and policies across 16 districts in Semarang City. Data analysis employed Miles et al.'s interactive model, involving data condensation, display, and conclusion drawing/verification. Results: The success of stunting reduction in Semarang City is highlighted by relevant regulations, an updated and accurate statistical database, intensive cross-sector coordination, and a synchronized effort across diverse sectors. Furthermore, the city's prudent financial planning is evident through sufficient and on-target budget allocations dedicated to stunting reduction programs. Conclusion: The research the importance of ongoing commitment, adaptability, and collaborative efforts to achieve the ambitious goal of zero stunting by 2024 in Semarang City, suggesting future studies focus on program effectiveness and long-term sustainability.

Policy evaluation and performance assessment for sustainable urbanization: a study of selected city corporations in Bangladesh

Bangladesh is going through an unprecedented period of urban growth, and its cities are having to deal with rising service, housing, and infrastructural needs. It is critical to comprehend how urban government promotes sustainable development as the nation struggles with the intricacies of urbanization. This study aims to investigate how urban governance impacts sustainable urbanization at the city corporation level in Bangladesh, focusing on Goal 11 of the Sustainable Development Agenda, which is “sustainable cities and communities.” The study selected Rajshahi and Gazipur City Corporations as case studies and employed Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and descriptive statistics methods to gather data from primary and secondary sources. The findings of the study reveal gaps in urban governance, highlighting inconsistencies between the expectations of stakeholders and the reality on the ground. Stakeholders express high expectations for housing access, infrastructure development, disaster management, transportation, and environmental sustainability, but the current state falls short in several areas. Further, the study proposes several recommendations to enhance urban governance, including fostering participatory approaches, ensuring sufficient budget allocation for infrastructure development, addressing housing challenges, enhancing women’s safety in transportation, and strengthening disaster management systems.

The Delay and Failure of ICT Related Projects: Empirical Impediments in Ministries, Departments and Agencies in Tanzania

This study investigates impediments to ICT project success in MDAs in Tanzania. The study is carried using descriptive design and is carried in Dodoma and Dar es salaam with five big organizations implementing ICT projects which acted as representative of the rest. Such organizations include Tanzania Revenue Authority (TRA), TAMISEMI, Electronic Government Agency (eGA), Tanzania Ports Authority (TPA) and Tanzania Medicines and Medical Devices Authority (TMDA). Data is collected through the use of questionnaire and analysed descriptively by the use of IBM SPSS version 20. Findings disclose that presence of inadequate staff with limited skilled, lack of up to date and supporting ICT infrastructure coupled with limited financial resources lead to ICT project failure. Based on these findings, the researcher concludes that, adequate skilled staff availed with the required facilities and funded effectively lead to ICT project success or otherwise. It is therefore recommended that meritocratic staffing be implemented but still on-job trainings should be emphasized as well. In the same vein, the researcher recommends the government to set sufficient budget to obtain the required ICT equipment for better project performance.

Using overlapping methods to counter adversaries in community detection

Abstract When dealing with large graphs, community detection is a useful data triage tool that can identify subsets of the network that a data analyst should investigate. In an adversarial scenario, the graph may be manipulated to avoid scrutiny of certain nodes by the analyst. Robustness to such behaviour is an important consideration for data analysts in high-stakes scenarios such as cyber defense and counterterrorism. In this paper, we evaluate the use of overlapping community detection methods in the presence of adversarial attacks aimed at lowering the priority of a specific vertex. We formulate the data analyst’s choice as a Stackelberg game in which the analyst chooses a community detection method and the attacker chooses an attack strategy in response. Applying various attacks from the literature to nine real network datasets, we find that, when the attacker has a sufficient budget, overlapping community detection methods outperform non-overlapping methods, often overwhelmingly so. This is the case when the attacker can only add edges that connect to the target and when the capability is added to add edges between neighbours of the target. We also analyze the tradeoff between robustness in the presence of an attack and performance when there is no attack. Our extensible analytic framework enables network data analysts to take these considerations into account and incorporate new attacks and community detection methods as they are developed.

The elephant in the mine: Why voluntary sustainability standards are insufficient to ensure responsible mining

Environmental, social, and governance standards, along with mining sustainability and transparency initiatives, have taken centre stage in mainstream discussions about how society can source energy transition minerals responsibly. While we acknowledge the importance of private voluntary sustainability standards for improving mining performance and accountability, these must support and complement the crucial regulatory role played by the state and its enforcing agencies in resource-rich countries. From this perspective, we argue that the quality of public institutions remains ‘the elephant’ often overlooked in the room of global mining standards, and we call for re-centring the responsible mining debate around it.Tailings dam failures and uncertainties on the water impacts of brine-based lithium mining provide examples of why institutional strengthening in mineral-rich countries is crucial. The responsible mining agenda and its implementing instruments should shift from a focus on companies’ performances to one that is embedded in society with the aim of building trust in the sector and its governing authorities. For countries rich in transition minerals, this entails, among other things, reviewing organisational structures, strengthening authorities’ enforcement capacities, and allocating sufficient budget for regulators to deliver their oversight duties and avoid over-reliance on private standards.

Apatite-hosted REE mineralization in the Eastern Ghats Mobile Belt: A future prospect for REE

The growing need of rare earth elements in different sectors of the modern-day world has led to their increasing demand, which is in accordance with their limited supply. In such a scenario, investigations related to search for potential zones of rare earths have become the need of the hour. In one such investigation, undertaken by Geological Survey of India, the authors report profuse intrusion of the apatite veins into the syenite-pyroxenite suite in the eastern part of the Eastern Ghats Mobile Belt (EGMB) in Nayagarh area of eastern Odisha. These apatite veins are anomalously rich in REEs, particularly LREEs, which on average ranges between 37,000 to 53,000 ppm. Rare earths and apatite are generally directly proportional, where apatites tend to carry sufficient REE budget, depending on the phosphorous fugacity and other ambient conditions inducing their genesis. The major-oxide chemistry of apatite veins indicates that apatites in the study area can be divided into two types based on SiO2 wt.% and their inverse relationship with P2O5 and CaO wt.%. Mineral chemistry data shows overall SiO2 depletion, with dominance of CaO, followed by P2O5. Apatite veins, as per mineral chemistry, contain numerous veinlets (identified microscopically), where one type is REE-bearing and another type is REE-free. The REE-bearing phases are rich in Ce, Nd, La and Pr and are represented by allanite, monazite, and bastnaesite. Thorite and zircon are prevalent. Earlier instances of apatite intrusions into granulite have been reported from parts of south India. On the contrary, in this area, the intrusion is typically restricted to the younger intrusive units of the EGMB, represented by syenite-pyroxenite suite. The intrusives also show moderately high values of REEs. In this paper, an attempt has been made to characterize the apatite veins and the syenite-pyroxenite suite, they have intruded, in respect to their mineralogy and tectonics and to elucidate the potentiality of the area in terms of future REE exploration.

Instructional Styles and Differentiated Instruction Practices of Teachers in Cluster Xiii, Davao City

This study aimed to determine the instructional styles and differentiated instruction practices of public elementary school teachers in Cluster XIII, Davao City. This study utilized the descriptive-correlational design with one hundred fifty elementary school teachers, selected using stratified random sampling technique. In gathering data, the researcher adapted a survey questionnaire both for the instructional styles and school differentiated instruction practices. Ethical considerations were observed in data collection. The collated data were subjected to statistical tests such as mean, Pearson’s r and multiple linear regression. Findings showed that the extent of instructional styles of elementary teachers is very extensive, which means that their instructional styles is always observed. The extent of differentiated instruction practices of elementary school teachers is very extensive, which means that their differentiated instruction practices is always observed. There was a moderate significant relationship between instructional styles and differentiated instruction practices. The domains of instructional styles that significantly influenced the differentiated instruction practices were modeling and delegating. With this, the Department of Education may allocate sufficient budget to ensure that schools have the resources they need to successfully implement differentiated education. This can provide access to a wide range of instructional materials, technology, and support workers to help fulfill varied learning needs.

Implementation of Chse Certificate for Tourism Object Management in Banyumas (Halal Tourism Perspective)

Objective: The aim of this research is to analyze regulations set by the Minister of Tourism and the creative industry for managers of tourism, hospitality, culinary, cafes, entertainment venues, and Tourism Villages to have Clenleness (Cleanliness), Health (Health), Safety (Safety), and Environmental Sustainability certificates. Theoretical Framework: The regulations set by the Minister of Tourism and the creative industry for managers of tourism, hotels, culinary, cafes, entertainment venues, and tourism villages to have Cleanliness, Health, Safety, and Environmental Sustainability certificates (CHSE) provides a guarantee (Cuarent) for consumers in terms of Clean, Beautiful, Safe, and Safe. Method: I used a qualitative approach in this field research in presenting and analysis the data. The subjects are authorities in board of culture and tourism (DINPORABUDPAR) of the Banyumas Regency and managers of 5 (five) tourist objects. I did pre-research to determine the integration of the value of halal tourism to the CHSE certificate in the management of tourism objects in Banyumas. I have conducted observation, interviews, and documentation to collecting the data. Further, I investigated about the potential and matters related to the implementation of the CHSE certificate in Banyumas. Results and Discussion: This study found that the CHSE certificate has been implemented in four tourism objects in Banyumas. Meanwhile, one of them (Maskumambang) is in the submission stage. Why is a CHSE certificate significant, because it can increase the competitiveness of tourist objects and can describe the readiness of tourism objects in welcoming tourists. In developing halal tourism, the Banyumas government must have the political will, the application of halal industry regulations, the provision of infrastructure and facilities, the provision of human resources, and sufficient budget allocation. Overall, the tourism infrastructure managed by the Banyumas district government has partially met the requirements for halal tourism. Research Implications: the research findings highlight the importance of implementing CHSE certificates and integrating halal tourism values in tourism management in Banyumas Regency to enhance competitiveness, meet consumer expectations, and promote sustainable and inclusive tourism practices. Originality/Value: The originality and value of the research lie in its unique focus on integrating halal tourism values with CHSE certification, promoting government collaboration, enhancing competitiveness and consumer assurance, emphasizing sustainability and cultural sensitivity, and providing practical implications for tourism management in Banyumas Regency

The Impact of Digital Entrepreneurship on Digital Leadership to Improve the Project Management of Solar Projects

The current study aimed to research the impact of digital entrepreneurship on digital leadership to improve the project management of solar projects, The study relied on the descriptive approach. The study population consisted of all project managers in solar energy companies in Jordan, pproximately 2,000 project managers in solar companies in Jordan. the study sample suggestion based on Laplace's equation is to randomly select 385 project managers from the study population. The results of the study shows that the mean values of the study sample's estimations were high for the independent variable (digital entrepreneurship), the overall mean was (4.08) with a high estimation score, also the mean values of the study sample's estimations were moderate for the dependent variable (digital leadership), and the overall mean was (3.05) with a moderate estimation score, the mean values of the study sample's estimations were moderate for the (project management for solar projects) variable, the overall mean was (3.60). Based on the findings of this study, the following recommends to conduct needs assessments to identify required hardware, software, and network upgrades, allocate sufficient budget for IT infrastructure development, and ensure reliable internet connectivity to support digital solutions.

Маркетинговые концепции и оценочные показатели сектора технологичных развлекательных продуктов и услуг

The article analyzes the essential aspects of the experience economy, its features and functioning mechanisms, as well as the rationality of marketing and its individual concepts in this area. A list of indicators has been determined that reflect the effectiveness of experience marketing at all levels of management: at the macroeconomic level – the share of population spending on culture and entertainment in the structure of GDP; foreign trade potential of creative industries (share in world exports, in %); export of creative goods and services; import of creative goods and services; indicators of tourist flow (international and domestic tourism); NASDAQ index; at the mesoeconomic level – the share of citizens’ spending on culture and entertainment in regional scale; at the microeconomic level – the share of the population’s expenditure on culture and entertainment in the family budget; the company’s customer satisfaction index; sales conversion rate; demand for non-food products; the share of the budget allocated for experience marketing by companies; an indicator of overall consumer loyalty; business profitability ratio. Current trends in the development of the experience economy in the Russian Federation have been identified, as well as problems with its development at the national, regional, and enterprise levels. Based on the analysis of respondent assessments, further potential for expanding the experience economy through the marketing component has been identified. However, existing trends towards expanding this industry and increasing the profitability of businesses operating in this area or associated with it are offset by a number of problems arising in modern operating conditions, namely: at the macro level – the need to increase the efficiency of mechanisms for implementing the development of the experience economy (economic and institutional); insufficient financial support for industries and areas of the experience economy, as well as the necessary infrastructure component; at the micro level – ensuring the NPS and ROI of experience marketing; obtaining a sufficient budget; generating traffic and leads; identifying suitable technologies and their availability; correct targeting. The directions for overcoming them have been identified: at the macro- and mesolevel, the development of effective implementation mechanisms and support for industries and spheres of the experience economy; at the microeconomic level, the development of new methods and tools in the fields of economics and management, marketing and its optimal targets, as well as marketing communications at the enterprise level.

Towards a multimodal charging network: Joint planning of charging stations and battery swapping stations for electrified ride-hailing fleets

This paper considers a multimodal charging network in which charging stations and battery swapping stations are jointly built to support an electric ride-hailing fleet synergistically. Our argument is based on the observation that charging an EV is a time-consuming burden, and battery swapping faces scaling issues due to its deployment costs. However, charging stations are cost-effective, making them ideal for scaling up EV fleets, while battery swapping stations offer quick turnaround and can be deployed in tandem with charging stations to improve fleet utilization and reduce operational costs. To fulfill this vision, we consider a ride-hailing platform that jointly builds charging and battery swapping stations to support an EV fleet. An optimization model is proposed to capture the platform’s planning and operational decisions. In particular, the model incorporates essential components such as elastic passenger demand, spatial charging equilibrium, charging and swapping congestion, etc. The overall problem is formulated as a nonconcave program. Instead of pursuing the globally optimal solution, we establish a tight upper bound through relaxation and decomposition, allowing us to evaluate the solution optimality even in the absence of concavity. Through case studies for Manhattan, New York City, we find that joint planning of charging and battery swapping stations outperforms deploying only one of them, yielding a total profit that is 11.7% higher than swapping-only deployment under a limited budget, and 17.5% higher than charging-only deployment under a sufficient budget. These results underscore the complementary benefit between charging and battery swapping facilities.

Healthcare Waste Management: An Overview

Healthcare waste (HCW) is a vital global issue that cannot be overlooked due to its threat to humans and the environment stemming from its infectious and hazardous nature. This study examines previous works undertaken on healthcare waste management (HCWM) practices around the world, notably the developing countries with a particular interest in segregation, collection, transportation, treatment, and disposal of HCW. This study draws attention to the environmental hazards arising from each stage of HCWM. Factors affecting HCWM practices have also been discussed. This study revealed evidence of poor HCWM practices in many developing countries. It also showed the impacts of human and non-human factors on HCWM practices. Proper documentation, sufficient budget, adequate supply of HCWM materials, frequent training of healthcare workers, and development of local manuals and guides are essential if a country is determined to achieve an efficient and sustainable HCWM system. Liquid HCW needs to be investigated as much as the solid HCW. Exploration of HCW minimization, reuse, and recycling opportunities is recommended for future research. The use of Modern-day technology such as Artificial Intelligence and geographic information system (GIS) has provided good results so far. However, they can be explored further for prediction, real-time monitoring, and reporting of HCW. The present study can be adopted as a guide in discussing issues about HCWM.

Factors Inhibiting Implementation of Disaster Management Policies (Case Study of Stunting Management in Rokan Hilir Regency)

Globally, in 2020 it was estimated that 149 million children under the age of 5 will experience stunting (WHO, 2020). In 2021, the stunting prevalence rate in Indonesia would still be 24.4%, even though the WHO maximum limit for stunting in a country is 20%. Meanwhile, the prevalence of stunting in West Sumatra at the end of 2021 was 23% (Ministry of Health, 2021). To accelerate the reduction in stunting rates, the government is implementing a convergent intervention approach involving multiple sectors at various levels. Implementation of convergent interventions was carried out by combining or integrating various resources to achieve a common goal, namely ensuring that services from each specific nutrition intervention and sensitive nutrition intervention are available in districts/cities and villages and are easily accessed and utilized by community groups in need, especially mothers. Pregnant women, breastfeeding mothers, and children aged between 0 and 23 months were referred to as 1000 HPK households or priority targets. Apart from that there were important target categories, namely children aged between 24 and 59 months, women of childbearing age, and young women. This research examines the factors inhibiting the implementation of disaster management policies (Case Study of Stunting Management in Rokan Hilir Regency). This research was carried out to deal with stunting and accelerate the reduction in stunting prevalence. The involvement of all stakeholders in encouraging, modifying, and expanding the scope of work areas certainly requires support and sufficient budget from the central and regional governments. The role of multi-stakeholders is really needed by building commitment, shared perspectives, resource support, and actor strength. The approach taken is a qualitative approach with descriptive analysis methods. The data required in this research consists of primary and secondary data. The units of analysis in this research are people or parties who are considered to have knowledge about the implementation of food security policy innovations in dealing with stunting and also from the policy implementing apparatus. Some of whom have certain positions, including staff, the community and also from NGOs which are parties involved in implementing food security policy innovations to combat stunting in Rokan Hilir Regency.
 Keywords: Implementation Public Policy, disaster management, stunting management

The Relationship Between Personnel Development and Employee Performance at Zhuoyue Human Resources Service Co. LTD., Hohhot, People’s Republic of China

Background and Aim: The important factors of effective performance are those related to the working environment or organization, such as the environment in the organization, organizational policies and administrative control, command, the nature of the work, the relationship between people at all levels of the organization, compensation, management, budget, etc., and the factors caused by the operator. Thus, this study aims to study the personal development level of Huhohaote Zhuoyue Human Resource Service Co., LTD employees. To study the work efficiency level of employees in Hohhot Zhuoyue Human Resource Service Co., LTD., People's Republic of China. Study the relationship between employee development and performance in Hohhot Zhuoyue Human Resource Service Co., LTD. Materials and Methods: To study and provide suggestions on talent development and employee performance of Hohhot Zhuoyue Human Resource Service Co., LTD., People's Republic of China. The study subjects were 80 employees of Zhuoyue Human Resource Service Co., LTD., Huhohot City, People's Republic of China. The sample size calculation formula of Yamane Taro was adopted to determine the sample size. The analysis was carried out statistically. Data include frequency distribution, percentage, mean, and standard deviation. Pearson correlation coefficient statistics were used to test the hypothesis. The statistical significance level was 0.05. Results: The research results found that: (1) the Talent development level of employees of Huhhot Zhuoyue Human Resources Service Co., LTD., People's Republic of China; Overall, is at the highest level. (2) The work efficiency level of employees of Huhhot Zhuoyue Human Resource Service Co., LTD., People's Republic of China. Overall, this is a high level. (3) Analysis results of the relationship between employee development and employee work efficiency in Huhhot Zhuoyue Human Resource Service Co., LTD., People's Republic of China. In general, the relationship between the two is at a high level. The lowest level equals -0.292. 4) Suggestions for talent development and work performance of employees of Hohhot Zhuoyue Human Resources Service Co., LTD., People's Republic of China are as follows: Increase modern training forms, so that theoretical knowledge and practical knowledge applied to practical work, and organize training consistent with the job responsibilities of employees. Training should be targeted and purposeful. A sufficient budget should be provided for training so that trainees can put their knowledge to good use and apply what they have learned to practical work. Employees should be brought to more successful departments to learn so that they can become role models in the work. Employees should be provided with financial support for further education. Professional trainers should be allowed to explain specific work knowledge to employees. Training should be provided in line with employees' interests, and the company should cultivate employees' sense of service and be recognized in the enterprise. Conclusion: The relationship between human resource development and employee performance is moderate in Hohhot Zhuoyue Human Resource Service Co., LTD.

Analisis Implementasi Hankamrata di Indonesia ditinjau dari Aspek Anggaran Pertahanan Negara

Defense and security are the main elements of the sustainability of a sovereign state with a variety of strategies that will be applied in accordance with national and even international dynamics. In formulating defense and security policies, national vigilance becomes a reference for various threats that go back and forth. Indonesia, which adheres to the Universal People's Defense and Security System (SISHANKAMRATA), has developed short and long-term defense strategies with efforts to optimize defense resources both in terms of infrastructure and technological and management adjustments. One of the main elements in developing potential defense resources is the source of funds or budget. In allocating the defense budget, the main concern is the creation, maintenance and equipping of the armed forces. The purpose of writing this article focuses on the concept and implementation of the Universal People's Defense System (SISHANKAMRATA) in terms of state defense budget management. The research method used is a literature study. The results of the literature study show that it is important for the government to make defense force development plans through sufficient and balanced budget allocations to create reliable defense capabilities. The program must be implemented in a transparent and accountable manner so that the available budget can be utilized as efficiently as possible for a utilization of the importance of a concept of defending the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia.
 Keywords: Defense, Sishankamrata, Defense Budget, Hankamrata.

Medical library systems and services: Bangladesh scenario.

This study highlights the present status of medical libraries in Bangladesh. It mainly focuses on the four key areas of medical libraries: Medical Library Services, Research4Life from Bangladesh perspective, Institutional Repository (IR), and Library Automation status. The research study also explores the various key challenges faced by the medical libraries in Bangladesh and finally provides necessary recommendations like a sufficient library budget, implementation of an Integrated Library System (ILS), skilled manpower, more participation in information networking and resource sharing, sound ICT environment, online collection development for the overall development of medical libraries in Bangladesh.

Analisis Implementasi Hankamrata di Indonesia ditinjau dari Aspek Anggaran Pertahanan Negara

Defense and security are the main elements of the sustainability of a sovereign state with a variety of strategies that will be applied in accordance with national and even international dynamics. In formulating defense and security policies, national vigilance becomes a reference for various threats that go back and forth. Indonesia, which adheres to the Universal People's Defense and Security System (SISHANKAMRATA), has developed short and long-term defense strategies with efforts to optimize defense resources both in terms of infrastructure and technological and management adjustments. One of the main elements in developing potential defense resources is the source of funds or budget. In allocating the defense budget, the main concern is the creation, maintenance and equipping of the armed forces. The purpose of writing this article focuses on the concept and implementation of the Universal People's Defense System (SISHANKAMRATA) in terms of state defense budget management. The research method used is a literature study. The results of the literature study show that it is important for the government to make defense force development plans through sufficient and balanced budget allocations to create reliable defense capabilities. The program must be implemented in a transparent and accountable manner so that the available budget can be utilized as efficiently as possible for a utilization of the importance of a concept of defending the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia.