Sudden Transition Research Articles

Non‐local effects of human activity on the spatial distribution of migratory wildlife in Serengeti National Park, Tanzania

Abstract Human activities are transforming landscapes and altering the structure and functioning of ecosystems worldwide and often result in sharp contrasts between human‐dominated landscapes and adjacent natural habitats that lead to the creation of hard edges and artificial boundaries. The configuration of these boundaries could influence local biotic interactions and animal behaviours. Here, we investigate whether boundaries of different degrees of ‘hardness’ affect space utilization by migratory species in Serengeti National Park, Tanzania. We deployed camera traps along transects perpendicular to the national park boundary at three different locales. The transects were located in areas that consisted of two types of human–wildlife interface: a sudden transition from the national park into agro‐pastoral land use (termed a ‘hard’ boundary) and a more gradual transition mediated by a shared usage area (termed a ‘soft’ boundary). Camera traps were placed at 2 km intervals along each 10 km transect from the edge towards the core of the park and were programmed to collect images hourly between dawn and dusk between June 2016 and March 2019. We used a deep neural network to detect the presence of wildlife within images and then used a Bayesian model with diffuse priors to estimate parameters of a generalized linear model with a Bernoulli likelihood. We explored the binomial probability of either wildebeest or zebra presence as a function of distance to the boundary, the rate of grass greening or drying (dNDVI) and the concentration of grass protein. There was a strong negative effect of distance to boundary on the probability of detecting wildebeest or zebra; however, this was only observed where the transition from human‐dominated landscape to protected areas was sudden. Conversely, soft boundaries had little to no effect on the probability of detecting wildebeest or zebra. The results suggest that boundary type affects migratory species occurrence. The implications of these findings suggest that hard boundaries reduce the effective size of conservation areas; for many species, the area used by wildlife is likely less than the gazetted area under protection. The impacts may be severe especially for narrow protected areas or dispersal corridors.

EMERGENCY DISTANCE EDUCATION DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC: A QUALITATIVE RESEARCH FROM A SPECIAL EDUCATION PERSPECTIVE

It is a fact that the world was caught unprepared for the Covid-19 outbreak. Especially when the epidemic broke out in many countries, educational activities were suspended for a while, and then distance education was started. Since this process is the result of a sudden transition, it has been seen that it brings with it many difficulties. Among these difficulties, perhaps the most prominent was the situation of students who need special education and special education teachers. In this direction, the aim of the study is to determine the difficulties experienced by students with special needs and special education teachers in this process. This research was carried out within the framework of the qualitative method. Within the scope of the research, 20 special education teachers were reached, and their opinions were taken with a semi-structured interview form. The responses received were divided into codes and categories, which were analyzed by content analysis, one of the qualitative analysis methods. According to the findings, special education teachers stated that they had the most difficulty in communicating with their students while negating the distance education process. Accessibility problem was also stated as an important problem and the problems caused by low parental technology literacy were emphasized. Although special education teachers find positive justifications for ensuring that education somehow continues in the distance education process, they make several valuable suggestions for structuring the system more inclusive and for all potential users. Platforms for students who need special education in the distance education process can be designed to support topics such as content, interaction, socialization. The family can take a more active role in this process as a stakeholder. For this, family members can be motivated with the necessary prior information and demands full of expectations.

EXPERIENCES OF ARALING PANLIPUNAN TEACHERS TOWARDS THE DELIVERY OF INSTRUCTION IN NEW NORMAL

The study aimed to determine experiences of Araling Panlipunan teachers toward the delivery of instruction in new normal in Magdalena Integrated National High School in Magdalena District, Division of Laguna. Specifically, the study attempted to answer the questions;1. What were the experiences of Araling Panlipunan teachers towards the delivery of instruction before, during and after the implementation of new normal education setting?2. What were teachers? experiences in their teaching process including their lesson planning, implementing lesson, and evaluating their learners?3. What were the teachers experience in terms of their psychological aspects specifically in locus of control and motivation in teaching?4. What were the teacher experiences in social aspect when it comes to interaction and social context with their learners despite the new normal delivery of instruction? A phenomenological study that used to determine the analysis of the experiences of Araling Panlipunan teachers towards the delivery of instruction in new normal. Which was the researcher employed the semistructured interview to the teachers. Total respondents for this qualitative research were five (5) Araling Panlipunan teachers in Magdalena Integrated National High School. Based on the gathered data of this study, the following findings were analyzed: 1. The experiences of Araling panlipunan teachers during the implementation of the delivery of instruction in new normal are culture shock, physical health risk and financial issue. 2.The experiences of Araling Panlipunan teachers in their teaching process including their lesson planning, implementing lesson, and evaluating their learners are meagerness. 3. The experiences of Araling Panlipunan teachers in terms of their psychological aspects specifically in locus of control and motivation in teaching are lackadaisical, distrait and volition in teaching. 4. The experiences of Araling Panlipunan teachers in social aspect when it comes to interaction and social context with their learners despite the new normal delivery of instruction are the limited interaction and online context. The analyzed data signifies that the experiences of Araling Panlipunan teachers towards the delivery of instruction in new normal has significant impact from different aspect. The researcher concluded that most of the answers of the participants were a learned experienced from the sudden transition of educational setting. And the delivery of instruction in new normal create a huge challenge that transact their personal volition in teaching. However, this study must serve as an eye opener to everyone that teachers also a human who faces same challenges to all the people and they are really working hard to fulfill their duty as a teacher especially in this kind of challenge. Hopefully this research contributed to an understanding of the experiences of teachers towards to the delivery of instruction in new normal. Based on the results of the study, the following were recommended: 1. The government must also focus to the teachers? necessities when it comes in teaching needs/materials. 2. Department of education must have a contingency plan for the readiness in any challenge that will come. 3. School administration shall deepen their weekly psychological test and may implement the project proposal entitled Workplace Wellness Program for the Teachers

Psychotherapists’ experience of the transition to telepsychotherapy amidst COVID-19 in India

ABSTRACT Since the onset of COVID-19, the provision of psychotherapy services has shifted online. Thus, telepsychotherapy has been the focus of much research to document therapists’ experiences; however, it has been mainly quantitative. In the Indian context, no known empirical research has focused on the implications of this transition on psychotherapists. Therefore, the present paper presents an in-depth idiographic study exploring psychotherapists’ experiences in India, who had to transition to telepsychotherapy rapidly. Ten novice psychotherapists providing clinical services virtually were individually interviewed. The transcripts were analysed using interpretative phenomenological analysis. The main themes that emerged from the analysis were: negative impact on therapeutic process, detrimental effect on personal and professional self, positive impact of telepsychotherapy for therapist and, strategies for helping the adjustment to telepsychotherapy practice. The idiographic and psychological focus enabled a detailed exploration of the profound impact the sudden transition had on novice psychotherapists’ work with clients and their self-efficacy. Despite contextual constraints faced by the psychotherapy profession in India, the participants demonstrated creative ways of working around the challenges encountered during telepsychotherapy. Nonetheless, their experiences highlight the need to initiate training programs in telepsychotherapy.

Exigency-driven Academic Motivation of Learners: A Comparative Analysis During COVID and pre-COVID Scenario

Recent studies have addressed the technological and cognitive motivational factors influencing e-learning. However, research investigating the comparative analysis of psychological factors that influence the academic motivation of e-learners and their interconnection has not been reported. Considering the array of psychological challenges faced by the student community in the current pandemic, a detailed look at the sudden transition and its impact on the academic motivation of learners is imperative. This paper examines the impact of psychological factors on the academic motivation of learners in pre-COVID and COVID times. Further, the significant difference in academic motivation during the period is also studied. A structural equation modelling (SEM) analyses the data obtained in two phases—phase 1 (Pre-COVID) and phase 2 (COVID)—from executive business management students of India. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study that looks at the academic motivation of learners using three different theoretical lenses. Findings suggest that all psychological factors influence the academic motivation moderately/strongly during both the phases, except attention during pre-COVID. However, increased focus on attention and need for relatedness is suggestive during exigencies like COVID. The validity of second order measures, that is, extrinsic motivation, intrinsic motivation and amotivation, fortifies the findings and makes a substantial contribution to the body of the knowledge in e-learning motivation. The study details the research and practical implications of the findings.

ACADEMIC STRESS AND ANXIETY AMONG UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS IN MALAYSIA

Following the recent reopening of most universities in Malaysia, undergraduate students have shown high concerns in terms of academic stress and anxiety with the sudden transition from two years of online learning to a physical environment. Furthermore, students experience an increase in test anxiety due to the long-lost feeling of taking physical examinations and being in a hall with lecturers and other students, especially if the tests are used for evaluation with a pass or fail grade. In this study, we aim to investigate the relationship between academic stress and anxiety among undergraduate students in Malaysia. The cross-sectional study recruited participants using an online questionnaire which included demographics, questions assessing Academic Expectations of Stress Inventory (AESI), and Cognitive Test Anxiety Scale (CTAS). A total of 109 participants responded to the survey. The Pearson’s correlation showed that academic stress moderately correlated with anxiety (r = 0.772, p < 0.01). The Partial Least Squares (PLS) regression test showed academic stress was positively predicting anxiety (β = 0.781, p < 0.01).

A mechanism for punctuating equilibria during mammalian vocal development.

Evolution and development are typically characterized as the outcomes of gradual changes, but sometimes (states of equilibrium can be punctuated by sudden change. Here, we studied the early vocal development of three different mammals: common marmoset monkeys, Egyptian fruit bats, and humans. Consistent with the notion of punctuated equilibria, we found that all three species undergo at least one sudden transition in the acoustics of their developing vocalizations. To understand the mechanism, we modeled different developmental landscapes. We found that the transition was best described as a shift in the balance of two vocalization landscapes. We show that the natural dynamics of these two landscapes are consistent with the dynamics of energy expenditure and information transmission. By using them as constraints for each species, we predicted the differences in transition timing from immature to mature vocalizations. Using marmoset monkeys, we were able to manipulate both infant energy expenditure (vocalizing in an environment with lighter air) and information transmission (closed-loop contingent parental vocal playback). These experiments support the importance of energy and information in leading to punctuated equilibrium states of vocal development.

Adaptability to a sudden transition to online learning during the COVID-19 pandemic: Understanding the challenges for students.

This cross-sectional study investigated the associations among adaptability to the pandemic, personality, and levels of learning experiences (affective, cognitive, and behavioral) among higher education students required to adapt to an abrupt transition to synchronous online learning due to the global COVID-19 pandemic A sample of 1,217 college students from Israel completed an online questionnaire after transitioning to synchronous online learning during the COVID-19 pandemic Comparisons of reactions to the online condition versus more typical face-to-face learning conditions confirmed that students had pervasive negative reactions to the online condition that became necessary due to the pandemic Moreover, adaptability to the pandemic was associated broadly with more positive reactions across multiple indicators Support was also found for an indirect associations model such that personality traits were associated with specific reactions to online learning via their associations with adaptability Supplemental analyses highlighted the more positive reactions and learning adaptability of students who reported greater feelings of belonging and mattering The current findings attest to the role of adaptability and the significant challenges experienced by college students who experienced changes in their learning and life conditions due to the need to rapidly adjust to the changes and uncertainty brought about by the COVID-19 pandemic (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved)

Особенности качества жизни студентов, в том числе с нарушениями в физическом развитии, в условиях пандемии COVID‑19

In the context of the COVID‑19 pandemic, student youth are facing significant adverse impacts that affect the state of physical and mental health, as well as changes in quality of life indicators. Factors such as the sudden transition of students to online learning, the closure of hostels, limited access to public spaces, an increase in morbidity in the close environment, the manifestation of fears and phobias had a negative impact. Students have irregular meals, limited access to good nutrition, increased time spent in front of the monitor, less opportunities for physical activity and associated significant changes in physical parameters, namely obesity, an increase in body mass index weight. Materials and methods: bibliographic, socio-hygienic, sociological, statistical, analytical methods were used in the work. Findings. Analysis of the results of the study made it possible to establish: a) the average level of the physical component of students’ health is higher than the psychological one; the indicator of the physical component of health, corresponding to the norm, was observed in 70.7% of students; psychological – in 63.4% of students; no statistically significant relationship was found between the physical and psychological components of students’ health; b) in terms of the physical and psychological components of health, the largest percentage of respondents with a norm was noted among students with a lack of body weight; a low level of the physical component of health is much more common in the group of students with excess body weight, compared with the other studied groups.

Emotions and foreign language learning in online classrooms: affective strategy applications

This article sets out to investigate the emotional aspects of foreign language learning in virtual classrooms. The pandemic has brought about a sudden transition to online and/or hybrid teaching in Italian universities, giving teachers and students new academic challenges while causing worry, stress, and anxiety. Since emotions are of fundamental importance to students’ learning as well as their wellbeing, this study explores possible interventions in the online classroom that target the emotional realities of foreign language learning and are aimed at building a safe and collaborative learning environment. Such interventions, based on affective strategies (Oxford, “Anxious Language Learners”), promote mindful learning (Langer, “Mindful Learning”) and autobiographical writing in the form of online journals in which learners can share their emotions using the foreign language.

Comparison of Goal Achievement When Transitioning from In-Person Therapy to Teletherapy in Westchester County Early Intervention Program Due to the COVID-19 Pandemic.

The sudden transition to virtual therapeutic services during the COVID-19 pandemic provided a unique opportunity to explore telehealth as a platform for delivering early intervention (EI) services. Through retrospective chart review of 93 children, we collected the following data: demographics, diagnosed conditions, therapy type, service format, and provider-reported participant goal achievement (1=no progress, 2=little progress, 3=moderate progress, 4=great deal of progress, 5=outcome achieved) over a six-month period before and after transitioning to telehealth. Pre- and post-transition progress scores were compared using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Results demonstrated maintained progress among children who transitioned from in-person to virtual services for similar therapy types. Children receiving speech therapy in-person and virtually demonstrated increased achievement (3.00 vs 3.33; p=0.032). Participants receiving a particular therapy post-transition but not in-person attained similar achievement as those who received the same therapy only in-person. Our research suggests that teletherapy may be a viable option for delivering EI services.

Motherhood in Academia during the COVID-19 Pandemic: An International Online Photovoice Study Addressing Issues of Equity and Inclusion in Higher Education.

Combining motherhood and academic work in higher education has been discussed for decades with the pandemic further exposing the inequalities. This crisis has significantly impacted the daily life of mothers in academia as they devote more time to keep their careers on track, produce papers, and take on other parenting and schooling responsibilities. This paper employs photovoice as an online methodology to document the real-life experiences of 68 women from nine countries who work and parent children in the sudden transition to remote working and learning environments. By explaining the photographs from their perspective, the participants in this study were able to capture their lived experiences, discuss working from home while guiding children in online learning, and create suggestions for ways academic institutions can alleviate gender inequality. The article explores the critical issues of academic work and childrearing drawing international attention to address issues of equity and inclusion in higher education among researchers, policymakers, and institutions.

Modality Changes in Vigilance Displays: Further Evidence of Supramodal Resource Depletion in Vigilance.

This study was designed to evaluate the effects of a modality change on vigilance performance to determine whether depletion of modality-specific resources contributes to the vigilance decrement. Resource theory accounts for the vigilance decrement by arguing that the demands of vigilance deplete limited information processing resources. Research indicates that both supramodal and modality-specific resources are involved in vigilance, but it is unclear whether the vigilance decrement is due to depletion of supramodal resources, modality-specific resources, or both. If depletion of modality-specific resources contributes to the decrement, changing the modality of a vigilance display should improve vigilance performance after a decrement. Participants completed a 50-min vigilance task beginning in either the visual modality or the auditory modality. After 40-min, half of the participants experienced a sudden transition to the other modality; the remaining participants did not experience a modality change. Performance declined over time and was generally superior in the auditory modality. Changing modality from visual to auditory increased correct detections, whereas changing from auditory to visual decreased correct detections. Both types of modality change were associated with an increase in false alarms, and neither had an effect on workload or stress. Supramodal resource depletion, rather than modality-specific resource depletion, is the most likely explanation for the vigilance decrement that can be derived from resource theory. Modality changes are not likely to counteract the vigilance decrement and may actually increase false alarm errors. Countermeasure development should involve identification of depleted supramodal resources.

Experiences of Science Teachers during the Pandemic-Based Distance Learning Process and Their Recommendations about the Post-Pandemic Process

The purpose of this study was to reveal the experiences of science teachers during the pandemic and their recommendations about the post-pandemic process. In the study, the “first period” referred to the period when the pandemic first appeared (the period between March-June 2020) and the “second period” referred to the post-summer holiday period (the period between August-November 2020). The study employed the phenomenology design, one of the qualitative research methods. For the study, one-on-one interviews were conducted with 16 science teachers working in the city of Sırnak. Interview data were analyzed using descriptive analysis and supported by direct quotations. Interview data were analyzed using descriptive analysis and supported by direct quotations. The study findings revealed that science teachers experienced problems in learning-teaching processes, assessment-evaluation, technical and structural situations due to the sudden transition to distance learning in the first period of the pandemic. In the second period of the pandemic, with the solving of technical and structural problems, teachers carried out a more systematic and planned teaching process compared to the first period. During this process, they enriched the learning environment with interactive experiments and materials, using different teaching methods and techniques. However, they stated that although they made changes in assessment and evaluation, they could not evaluate students sufficiently. In this context, teachers anticipated that students will have difficulty adapting to school after the pandemic, and they were of the opinion that the deficiencies of the pandemic process can be eliminated with make-up lessons.

Onset of heat transfer deterioration caused by pseudo-boiling in CO2 laminar boundary layers

In propulsion and power systems, operating pressures are increasing to improve cycle efficiency, often reaching conditions that approach or exceed the thermodynamic critical pressure of the working fluid. A known phenomenon that occurs at supercritical pressures is supercritical heat transfer deterioration (HTD). Although this phenomenon is well studied, there is still debate about the underlying physics. This paper studies pseudo boiling, the supercritical liquid–gas phase transition, as a possible mechanism that causes HTD, by means of computational fluid dynamics (CFD), boundary layer correlations, and thermodynamic analysis. To this end, we focus on forced laminar convection of supercritical CO2 over a flat plate, excluding alternative factors such as buoyancy or turbulence. In order to accurately represent the strongly non-linear near-critical fluid properties, we use tiny neural networks (TNN) in an interpretable machine learning approach. For use in CFD, TNN combine reference quality accuracy from look-up tables with the memory footprint of equations of state and curve fits. We demonstrate that pseudo boiling theory accurately indicates pressure and temperature regions susceptible to HTD. The simulations show the distinctive boiling curve, with a peak critical heatflux and a Leidenfrost minimum, demonstrating that pseudo boiling is, indeed, a sufficient physical mechanism to cause this effect, in absence of turbulence or boyancy. During HTD, we observe the formation of a supercritical gas film at the wall, with low density, low thermal conductivity, a high compressibility factor, and low viscosity. The boundary of the gaseous film is characterized by a peak in heat capacity, indicative of pseudo boiling, and a sudden transition to a dense supercritical liquid state. This suggests that the subcritical boiling crisis does have a direct representation at supercritical pressures through pseudo boiling, and that pseudo film boiling is a sufficient mechanism to cause HTD.

Graduate Studies Schooling during COVID-19 Pandemic: Doctorate and Master’s Students Experience in a Private Higher Education Institution in the Philippines

This study determined the graduate schooling experiences of the 347 Graduate Students of the University of Northeastern Philippines, Iriga City, Philippines, during the Second Semester of the Academic Year 2020-2021, wherein online learning modality instead of traditional face-to-face classes was implemented. Using a survey questionnaire distributed through Google form, it sought answers to the learning experiences of the Graduate Students with regards to their graduate schooling during the COVID-19 pandemic and their challenges met achieving quality graduate programs during the New Normal School Year. Descriptive survey research was used. All respondents strongly agreed that a sudden transition to a different modality in Graduate School teaching affects the quality of professional learning experiences, and they faced challenges that affect their graduate learning experiences

Extreme wind speed ramp events: A measurement-based approach for improving the modelling of ultimate loads for wind turbine design

Ramp events, i.e., significant changes in wind speed in a short time period, have become critically important to end-users. However, only a few studies address their impact on wind turbine loads. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, these results have not yet been validated with measurements. Therefore, this paper aims to investigate the impact of extreme wind speed ramps on ultimate wind turbine loads using eight months of offshore measurements. We also compare the measured loads with simulations following the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) extreme turbulence model, in order to improve the modelling of ultimate loads. This is because events with a 10-min horizontal wind speed standard deviation higher than the prescribed IEC turbulence class, in line with other research, are primarily associated with ramp events. They are found to be design driving for the blade root flap-wise moments below and beyond rated wind speed, but not in the transition region. The high-frequency analysis of these moments showed a sudden pitch transition from the inactive to the active region. In general, the loads associated with ramp events did not exceed the simulations. In addition, non-ramp related extreme loads around rated wind speed, which exceeded the simulations, were associated with standard deviations slightly above the normal turbulence model (NTM) of IEC for a waked turbine, indicating the impact of wake added turbulence. In conclusion, for the ultimate load analysis, the wind speed time series should include a sudden pitch transition from the inactive to the active region in addition to wake added turbulence.

Motivasi Berprestasi Dalam Upaya Membangun Karakter Unggul Melalui Literasi Digital Pada Orang Tua Terhadap Pola Asuh Anak di Cirebon dan Indramayu

The impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on the education sector is significant, especially in teaching and learning activities which have been forced to change from offline methods at school to online methods from home. This sudden transition has made many parents unprepared with their main responsibilities and duties as educators, thus affecting children's learning activities at home to be less effective. This activity aimed to determine the extent of achievement motivation possessed by parents in building their superior character as an effort to optimize the role of online learning mentoring. Data collection techniques using observation, interviews, and questionnaires. The training and digital learning modules provided are one of the interventions to increase the insight of parents, especially changing their thinking paradigm as an adaptation to online learning so that they are able to maximize their role when accompanying children to study at home. The results showed that after being given training and digital learning modules, some of the participants became more open-minded and more prepared to become partners with children studying at home. This change also occurred because of the great involvement of the participant coordinator as a support system in helping to monitor, control, and motivate participants on a regular basis in their area. Considering the limited characteristics of the participants, the presence of supporting staff who are ready to assist directly in the field becomes one of the reinforcements for achieving a change, namely adding insight.

Wdrażanie środowiska informacyjno-edukacyjnego uczelni w Ukrainie podczas pandemii COVID-19

The article considers the positive experience of responding to the threats of the COVID-19 pandemic by the higher education institutions of Ukraine, which for many years have implemented various opportunities of information and communication technologies by building an information and educational environment. Such an environment covers software and hardware, pedagogical and administrative blocks, which allow implementing high-quality professional training adapting to global challenges and requirements that are changing dynamically. Forced and sudden transition to distance learning has confirmed the feasibility of creating a safe and comfortable information and educational environment, integrated into the education system, providing access to all necessary information systems, databases and educational content, adapted to the needs and knowledge of each student, implementing developmental learning on the basis of interactivity. This is a complex scientific and pedagogical, educational and methodological, organizational and managerial, technical and technological task, which involves updating the technological base of the institution and a reasonable transition to innovative pedagogical technologies. Ensuring the quality and continuity of training of future professionals, in particular during the pandemic, these measures require additional investment in technical support and in-service training of research and teaching staff, as well as the establishment of effective administrative and managerial activities.

Superhydrophobic to superhydrophilic wettability transition of functionalized SiO2 nanoparticles

The superhydrophobic and superhydrophilic surfaces and their transitions are of great interest for the production of self-cleaning, anti-biofouling, or corrosion-resistant materials. This work reports the wettability transition from superhydrophobic to superhydrophilic SiO2 nanoparticles functionalized with 1H, 1H, 2H, 2H-perfluorooctyltriethoxysilane (POTS) and induced by temperature. The functionalization of these nanoparticles was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and transmission electron microscopy. The functionalization of SiO2 nanoparticles with POTS resulted in superhydrophobic surfaces with water contact angles up to 157°. A sudden transition to superhydrophilic behavior with water contact angles (WCA) below 5° was observed when the sample was heat-treated at 500 °C, despite the presence of fluorine on the surface of these nanoparticles, as confirmed by XPS and transmission electron microscopy. XPS suggested that the transition was caused by the change in orientation of the fluoroalkyl molecules and its partial decomposition due to the loss of the –CF3 group, resulting in shorter chains with a tail-end group with C–O bonds, which promoted the superhydrophilicity.