Sudden Infant Death Syndrome Prevention Research Articles

Supine Sleep-Promoting Baby Mattress: SIDS Prevention and Athlete Injury Relief

Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) is a leading cause of death in infants aged one to 12 months, primarily occurring during sleep. Consequently, there is considerable interest among researchers and healthcare professionals regarding the sleeping environment and potential risk factors. One identified risk factor is infants sleeping prone (on their stomach), making supine (on the back) sleeping the recommended position. Associate Research Fellow Shing-Jye Chen from the Department of Sports Science Research at the Taiwan Institute of Sports Science (TISS) is developing a hammock-like air-based baby mattress covered with breathable mesh. This mattress is designed to promote supine sleeping and prevent babies from rolling onto their stomachs during sleep. It features air tubing within tensioned mesh fabric that automatically adjusts to suspend and support the baby’s weight. This design increases the contact surface area between the baby and the mattress, reduces contact pressure, and provides evenly distributed support as the baby grows. Chen takes an interdisciplinary approach, collaborating with experts in baby breathing, sleeping patterns, and biomechanics to develop solutions aimed at reducing the risk of SIDS based on scientific evidence, safety, and effectiveness. In a pilot study, Chen collected data on the mattress’s performance using weights to simulate babies of different ages. His team will explore the relationship between weight and the measured pressure values at different internal air pressures within the inflatable tubing design. The potential application of this product design may extend to injured athletes, particularly in areas where injuries contact the mattress surface, thereby reducing stress.

Knowledge about sudden infant death syndrome prevention among postpartum women in Southern Brazil, 2019: a cross-sectional survey.

To assess knowledge on sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) prevention among postpartum women who received prenatal care in public and private services in Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, in 2019. A cross-sectional study was conducted with postpartum women who gave birth in that municipality in 2019; the outcome was the indication of incorrect sleeping position (side/supine position) to prevent SIDS; the chi-square test was used to compare proportions between those who underwent prenatal care in public and private services. Among all 2,195 postpartum women, 67.7% (95%CI 65.7;69.6) were unaware of the position that prevents SIDS, 71.6% were public care service users; 77.8% of them feared choking/suffocation; 1.9% were informed about SIDS during prenatal care; doctors/nurses (70.5%) and grandmothers (65.1%) were influential regarding the baby's sleeping position. Most postpartum women were unaware of the sleeping position that prevents SIDS, especially those receiving care in the public sector; in general, this subject is not discussed in prenatal care. Two out of three mothers believed the newborn should sleep in the side or prone position, which does not prevent but rather facilitates sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS); lack of knowledge was significantly greater when prenatal care took place in public services. SIDS should be addressed in prenatal care. Guidance from a doctor/nurse during consultations can be essential for mothers to change their mind and adopt a safe sleeping position (supine position) for their child. SIDS prevention campaigns are relevant in the context of prenatal care, as is conducting research that aims to evaluate potential impacts of interventions on the correct sleeping position for babies.

Knowledge about sudden infant death syndrome prevention among postpartum women in Southern Brazil, 2019: a cross-sectional survey

RESUMO Objetivo Avaliar o conhecimento sobre prevenção da síndrome da morte súbita do lactente (SMSL) entre puérperas com pré-natal realizado nos serviços público e privado de Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil, 2019. Métodos Estudo transversal, com puérperas do município; seu desfecho constituiuse da indicação de posição incorreta para dormir (decúbito lateral ou dorsal), visando prevenir a SMSL; utilizou-se o teste qui-quadrado para comparar proporções do desfecho e de exposição entre puérperas que realizaram pré-natal nos serviços público e privado. Resultados De 2.195 puérperas, 67,7% (IC95% 65,7;69,6), majoritariamente atendidas na rede pública (71,6%), desconheciam a posição preventiva da SMSL; 77,8% temiam engasgo/afogamento; 1,9% foram informadas sobre SMSL no pré-natal; médicos(as)/enfermeiros(as) (70,5%) e avós (65,1%) mostraram-se influentes na decisão sobre como posicionar o bebê adormecido. Conclusão A maioria das puérperas, especialmente as atendidas na rede pública, desconhecia a posição que previne SMSL; geralmente, o tema não é abordado no pré-natal.

Синдром внезапной детской смерти: классификация, факторы риска, влияние пандемии COVID-19

This review is devoted to sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), an urgent problem of modern pediatrics. In this exclusion diagnosis, a significant part of cases of sudden death of an infant under one year of age (more often during sleep) of unknown etiology, coded by the International Classification of Diseases X revision as R95 (sudden infant death). The review details the epidemiologic, etiologic, and terminologic aspects of SIDS. Special attention is paid to the different levels of diagnostic capabilities of health care systems in different countries, differences in classifications and discrepancies in their application, as well as the possible role of viral infections (including coronavirus) in the possible mechanisms of development and onset of sudden infant death. Attraction of attention of a wide range of specialists, both fundamental and clinical, to this important problem, according to the authors, will allow developing and implement modern measures of prevention and preventive diagnosis of SIDS in practical pediatrics. Key words: coronavirus infection, smoking, infant mortality rate, sudden infant death syndrome

UKRAINIAN ACADEMY OF PEDIATRIC SPECIALTIES (UAPS) EUROPEAN SLEEP MEDICINE AND NEUROPHYSIOLOGY ASSOCIATION (ESMANA) STATEMENT OF THE ON SAFE SLEEP AS A PRIORITY ISSUE IN THE PREVENTION OF SUDDEN INFANT DEATH SYNDROME

Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) remains a pressing issue worldwide, with a significant number of cases occurring within the first six months of life. Many of these tragedies can be prevented by adhering to safe sleep guidelines. The effectiveness of large-scale educational programs focusing on these guidelines has been well-documented in developed countries, resulting in the saving of thousands of children's lives.In Ukraine, there are currently no national guidelines for the prevention of SIDS. To address this gap, we have compiled modern guidelines from other countries such as the USA, Great Britain, and Germany, along with the latest research data, to develop recommendations for safe sleep practices for children under one year of age. These recommendations cover various aspects, including the recommended sleep position (on the back), requirements for the sleeping surface and crib, suggestions for safe co-sleeping, and guidelines for maintaining an appropriate temperature. We also provide information on the beneficial effects of breastfeeding and vaccination in preventing SIDS, as well as the increased risks associated with overheating, the presence of soft objects near a sleeping child, and parental smoking and alcohol consumption.These recommendations should be disseminated to both parents and healthcare professionals involved in infant care.

Sudden infant death syndrome

The sudden death of infants younger than one year is known as SIDS. It is a major cause of mortality among infants less than one year of age. There is little focus in the literature on sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). Thus, this review aims to provide new insights on the incidence, risk factors and prevention of SIDS in infants. Following preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis (PRISMA) guidelines, this review explored eligible articles from PubMed, Google Scholar, and research gate databases. Several keywords were used for the search to obtain all possible related articles. The inclusion criteria were reviews and original articles focused on the current subject and written in English. The eligible articles used to compile this review were published between 2007 and 2021. Three main titles were discussed in this review: incidence, risk factors, and prevention. SIDS is the most common reason for death among infants aged less than one year. There is great variation in the global incidence of SIDS. Factors related to the sleeping environment are the major risk factors for SIDS and should be the focus. Hence, following the recommendations of the American academy of pediatrics can reduce incidence of SIDS.

Knowledge and Self-Reported Practice of Postnatal Mothers on Sudden Infant Death Syndrome Prevention: A Cross-Sectional Study

AbstractThe word “Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS)” is used for a sleeping infant, who has apparently been quite well, is found unexpectedly dead. There are varied discussions throughout the world trying to find the possible reasons and preventive measures toward these sudden deaths. However, limited studies are undertaken regarding knowledge of mothers related to SIDS. The present study aimed at identifying the knowledge gaps present among the postnatal mothers toward SIDS and assess their practices that may influence SIDS among infants. The research design was a descriptive cross-sectional design and a 107 postnatal mothers were recruited focusing on the aim of the study through purposive sampling technique. A structured knowledge questionnaire and self-reported practice checklist was prepared and validated from experts.The findings of the study revealed that the majority of subjects 57 (53.3%) had good knowledge with a mean score of 9.34 ± 1.83 (maximum score-15). The mean practice score on prevention of SIDS among subjects was 13.76 ± 1.13 (maximum score-16). There was no significant correlation between knowledge and practice (r = −0.38, p = 0.7). However, significant association was seen between knowledge on prevention of SIDS and baseline variables such as education (p = 0.001), occupation (p = 0.001), place of residence (p = 0.001), and family income (p = 0.01). Moreover, there was a significant association between self-reported practice and age of mothers (p = 0.03).The study findings showed good knowledge level among majority of the mothers and executed good practice toward care of the infant. However, 30.8% of the mothers had average to poor level of knowledge, which is significant and needs attention.

Maternal knowledge of recommendations for safe infant sleep and intentions for implementation- a cross sectional analysis of data from the KUNO-Kids birth cohort study.

Despite major advances in prevention, sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) remains an important cause of infant mortality. The aim of our study was to determine actual knowledge and intentions to implement SIDS prevention measures among new mothers and to identify potential knowledge gaps for improved postpartum counselling strategies. Data was collected in a standardized interview from participants of the KUNO-Kids birth cohort study before discharge from maternity ward. The mothers did not receive any specific teaching prior to the interview. The majority of 2,526 interviewed mothers wereable to actively report important recommendations for safe infant sleep, including the exclusive face-up position. However, 154 mothers (9%) intended to position thenewborn face-down sometimes or often. The most frequently envisaged sleeping furniture was a bedside sleeper (n=1,144, 47%), but 2.2% of mothers indicated that the intended default sleeping place for the newborn would be the parents' bed (which is discouraged by the recommendations). For 43% of the infants (n=1,079), mothers planned to have loose objects in the bed and 189 mothers (7%) intended to use a loose blanket. 22% of infants (n=554) will live in a household with a smoker. Multivariate regression showed a significant association of "good knowledge" with maternal age and with not being a single parent, whereas the household size was negatively associated. Although the majority of mothers in our birth cohort were aware of many recommendations for safe infant sleep, our data also uncovered weaknesses in SIDS prevention knowledge and point to specific areas with potential for improved counselling.

Mothers’ knowledge and practices regarding preventing poor Egyptian infant death syndrome

ObjectiveThe main aim of this study is evaluating the effectiveness of an educational program on mothers’ knowledge and practices for the prevention of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). DesignA quasi-experimental study was used. SettingThe study was conducted in the postnatal department at the general hospital in Damietta, Egypt. ParticipantsThe study sample was 150 newly delivered mothers from the postnatal unit. MethodAn interview questionnaire sheet was used to collect data about the characteristics of mothers and their infant, mothers’ knowledge, and reported practice about SIDS. ResultsBefore the program, more than three-quarters of the moms had never heard of SIDS and had little awareness about the condition. Furthermore, prior to the training, almost half of the moms had an unacceptable level of SIDS prevention practice. After completing the program, the majority of them had enough knowledge and practice levels. ConclusionThere was a positive effect of educational program in improving the mothers’ knowledge and preventive practices about SIDS. Practical implicationDespite the decrease in SIDS prevalence during the past two decades, SIDS continues to be one of the leading causes of infant mortality in the post-neonatal period. In addition, there is a scarcity of knowledge about SIDS in Egypt despite of the worldwide recognition of this syndrome in 1960. There are inadequate studies about SIDS in Egypt; therefore, a regular health education program is essential for improving mothers’ knowledge and practices regarding the prevention of SIDS.

A proof-of-concept study to construct Bayesian network decision models for supporting the categorization of sudden unexpected infant death

Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) remains a leading cause of infant death in high-income countries. Supporting models for categorization of sudden unexpected infant death into SIDS/non-SIDS could reduce mortality. Therefore, we aimed to develop such a tool utilizing forensic data, but the reduced number of SIDS cases renders this task inherently difficult. To overcome this, we constructed Bayesian network models according to diagnoses performed by expert pathologists and created conditional probability tables in a proof-of-concept study. In the diagnostic support model, the data of 64 sudden unexpected infant death cases was employed as the training dataset, and 16 known-risk factors, including age at death and co-sleeping, were added. In the validation study, which included 8 new cases, the models reproduced experts’ diagnoses in 4 or 5 of the 6 SIDS cases. Next, to confirm the effectiveness of this approach for onset prediction, the data from 41 SIDS cases was employed. The model predicted that the risk of SIDS in 0- to 2-month-old infants exposed to passive smoking and co-sleeping is eightfold higher than that in the general infant population, which is comparable with previously published findings. The Bayesian approach could be a promising tool for constructing SIDS prevention models.

Effectiveness of Educational Program on Mothers’ Knowledge and Practices for The Prevention of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome: Thesis Abstract

Abstract: Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) is a common cause of infant mortality below one year, and its causes remain unknown. However, simple protective practices in infant sleep and sleep environment can dramatically reduce its incidence. Aim: Evaluating the effectiveness of educational program on mothers’ knowledge and practices for the prevention of SIDS. Materials and Method: A quasi-experimental research was conducted in postnatal department at the general hospital in Kafrelsheikh city, Egypt, on 180 newly delivered mothers, free from eclampsia, chronic diseases and a delivered baby did not have health problem as neonatal jaundice or respiratory distress syndrome. Interview questionnaire sheet was used to collect data about characteristics of mothers and their infant; mothers’ knowledge and reported practices about SIDS. Results: More than three-quarters of the mothers did not hear about SIDS and had poor knowledge level about SIDS before the program. In addition, about half of the mothers demonstrated unsatisfactory practice level about SIDS prevention before the program. While the majority of them had good knowledge and satisfactory practices level after program application. Conclusion: There was positive effect of the educational program in improving the mothers’ knowledge, preventive practices about SIDS. Conclusions: A regular health education program is essential for improving the newly delivered mothers’ knowledge and practices regarding SIDS prevention and safe sleep recommendations should be done by the medical staff in the neonatal care unit and on every health visit for the infant in his first year.

Evaluation of Effect of Orthodontic Pacifiers in Prevention of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome: A Finite Element Method and Questionnaire Based Study.

Considering the morbidity associated with Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) and limitations of absence of such syndrome in animals, a retrospective survey based human study and prospective Finite Element Method (FEM) study was planned to evaluate the effect of orthodontic pacifier in prevention of SIDS. Two groups, Group I (case) consisting of 48 people, who had lost their infant due to SIDS in past, and Group II (control) consisting of 200 participants with infant in the family, were established. The study was conducted in two parts. An online questionnaire-based survey consisting of 20 multiple choice questions was conducted to establish the correlation of pacifiers in families affected with SIDS. Thereafter, FEM evaluation was carried out in two age groups (up to six months, and between seven to 12 months) with two different pacifiers i.e. conventional and orthodontic, and one human nipples. 12 participants from case group and 170 in control group gave history of using pacifier for their infants between 2 to 6 months. The frequency and duration of use of pacifiers in case group generally increased while infant cried as high as 66 percent in frequency and 75 percent in duration in comparison to 90 percent in control group. FEM analysis showed significant stresses incurred with conventional pacifiers in relation to oral cavity and tongue. Orthodontic pacifiers exhibited human nipple like effect with more pronounced effects on posterior oral cavity and lesser strain on soft and hard tissues. Promising results obtained with survey and positive correlation of FEM data with orthodontic pacifiers indicates the superiority and advantages of orthodontic pacifiers in prevention of SIDS.

Sudden Infant Death Syndrome: Beyond Risk Factors

Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) is defined as “the sudden death of an infant under 1 year of age which remains unexplained after thorough investigation including a complete autopsy, death scene investigation, and detailed clinical and pathological review”. A significant decrease of SIDS deaths occurred in the last decades in most countries after the beginning of national campaigns, mainly as a consequence of the implementation of risk reduction action mostly concentrating on the improvement of sleep conditions. Nevertheless, infant mortality from SIDS still remains unacceptably high. There is an urgent need to get insight into previously unexplored aspects of the brain system with a special focus on high-risk groups. SIDS pathogenesis is associated with a multifactorial condition that comprehends genetic, environmental and sociocultural factors. Effective prevention of SIDS requires multiple interventions from different fields. Developing brain susceptibility, intrinsic vulnerability and early identification of infants with high risk of SIDS represents a challenge. Progress in SIDS research appears to be fundamental to the ultimate aim of eradicating SIDS deaths. A complex model that combines different risk factor data from biomarkers and omic analysis may represent a tool to identify a SIDS risk profile in newborn settings. If high risk is detected, the infant may be referred for further investigations and follow ups. This review aims to illustrate the most recent discoveries from different fields, analyzing the neuroanatomical, genetic, metabolic, proteomic, environmental and sociocultural aspects related to SIDS.

ASSESSMENT OF MOTHERS’ KNOWLEDGE AND PRACTICESABOUT THE PREVENTION OF SUDDEN INFANT DEATH SYNDROME

Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) is a common cause of infant mortality belowone year, and its causes remain unknown. However, simple protective practices in infantsleep and sleep environment can dramatically reduce its incidence. Aim: Assess themothers’ knowledge and practices for the prevention of SIDS. Method:Descriptiveresearch was conducted in postnatal department at general hospital in Kafrelsheikh city,Egypt, on 180 newly delivered mothers, free from eclampsia, chronic diseases and adelivered baby didn’t have health problem as neonatal jaundice or respiratory distresssyndrome. Interview questionnaire sheet was used to collect data about characteristics ofmothers and their infant; mothers’ knowledge and practices about SIDS. Results:Morethan three-quarters of mothers (85.00%) had poor knowledge level comared to only 10.6%and 4.4% of them had average and good knowledge level about SIDS. Besides, about halfof the studied mothers (44.4%) were unsatisfactory about SIDS. Conclusion: More thanthree-quarters of the mothers didn’t hear about SIDS and had poor knowledge level aboutSIDS. In addition, about half of the mothers demonstrated an unsatisfactory practice levelabout SIDS prevention. Furthermore, there was a significant positive correlation betweenthe studied mothers’ total score of knowledge and reported practicesRecommendation: Aregular health education program should be done by a pediatric nurse in the neonatal careunit and on every health visit for the infant in his first year for improving the newlydelivered mothers’ knowledge and practices regarding SIDS prevention and safe sleep recommendations.

Analysis of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome Prevention Based on Sleep Quality

Analysis of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome Prevention Based on Sleep Quality

Awareness of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome Among Saudi Arabian Women in 2019: A Cross-Sectional Study.

IntroductionStudies on sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) in Saudi Arabia are limited due to strict religious faith-related observances. The aim of this study was to assess Saudi mothers’ awareness about SIDS.MethodologyA cross-sectional online electronic survey was administered in different Saudi regions. A self-reported validated Arabic questionnaire was used for collecting data. The study sample included 363 respondents from 384 sample members.ResultsThe final sample consisted of 363 (94.8%) respondents, a reduction in size due to 21 non-responders from the total 384 sample members. Two-hundred and thirty-two (63.9%) of the 363 respondents reported not having heard of any SIDS prevention messages, while 36.1% of them had received such messages. Most of the respondents (53.2%) correctly reported that babies should be laid on their backs while putting them to sleep, and only 5.5% reported that babies should be laid in their stomachs when being put to rest. Participants > 50 years, of urban residence, and with primary education had higher knowledge levels. Participants with an age of 18 to 29 years and those with higher education had higher knowledge levels about the correct baby position. Participants with an age between 30 and 39 years, of urban residence, and those with a primary educational level had a higher prevalence of receiving messages about SIDS.ConclusionA very good understanding of the proper way to put a baby to sleep among the participants was found, and most of them thought that messages about SIDS were not useful. This study suggests that health education messages regarding SIDS should be directed to all pregnant mothers.

Malos hábitos de sueño en lactantes: factor de riesgo para síndrome de muerte súbita del lactante. Estudio piloto

La Academia Americana de Pediatría recomienda que los lactantes menores de un año duerman en posición supina para prevenir el síndrome de muerte súbita en lactantes (SMSL).Objetivo: Describir la posición en que duermen un grupo de lactantes y factores de riesgo asociados al SMSL.Sujetos y Método: Estudio piloto, prospectivo concurrente, de lactantes < 45 días de vida en control sano en Centro Médico San Joaquín UC Christus. Criterios de exclusión: prematurez (edad gestacional < 37 semanas) y patología de base (respiratorias, metabólicas, cardiológicas). Se aplicó encuesta al cuidador principal respecto a datos demográficos y hábitos de sueño, basada en encuesta BISQ (Brief Screening Questionnaire for Infant Sleep Problems) validada en español, dado la inexistencia de instrumentos para < 3 meses.Resultados: Se obtuvo muestra de 100 lactantes de edad 16,78 ± 12,88 días de vida, siendo 57% mujeres. La madre fue el principal informante (84%). El 79% de los lactantes dormían en decúbito supino, 19% lo hacía de lado y 2% en prono. El 66% dormía en cuna en habitación de los padres, 31% en la cama de los padres. El 74% se quedaban dormidos durante la alimentación.El 28% de los lactantes estaban expuestos a tabaquismo pasivo. El 91% cuidadores estaba informado sobre la posición segura de sueño, siendo el principal informante el pediatra (54%).Conclusiones: En esta muestra se encontró alto porcentaje de lactantes < 45 días que duermen en posición no segura, siendo frecuente el colecho. Es importante implementar campañas locales de prevención del SMSL que refuercen el hábito de dormir seguro.

Bad sleeping habits in infants: Risk factor for sudden infant death syndrome. Pilot study

The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends, through the implementation of the "Back to Sleep (BTS)" campaign, the supine sleeping position for infant sleeping since it prevents to prevent Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS). To describe the sleeping position of a group of infants and the risk factors associated with sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). Prospective pilot study, including infants < 45 days of life in well-child care visits at a medical center. Preterm-born infant (gestational age < 37 weeks) and/or comorbidities (pulmonary, metabolic, cardiologic). A brief parental questionnaire was conducted regarding general demographic data and sleep habits. The questioner was based on the BISQ - Spanish version, due to the lack of validated instruments for infants < 3-month-old. We included a sample of 100 infants between 16.78 ± 12.88 days old (57% girls). Mothers were the main information source (84%). 79% of the infants slept in supine position, 19% slept on their sides, and 2% in prone position. Regarding the place where the infants slept, 66% did in their crib in the parents' room and 31% slept in parents' bed. 74% of infants fell asleep while being fed. 28% of infants were exposed to passive smoking at home. 91% of parents were informed about safe sleep positions, reporting that pediatricians were the main source of information (54%). Conclu sion: We found a high percentage of infants < 45 days of life who slept in an unsafe position, and frequently co-sleep with their parents. Thus, it is important to implement local SIDS prevention campaigns to reinforce safe infant sleep.

How might non nutritional sucking protect from sudden infant death syndrome

Epidemiology has identified an association between the use of pacifiers and protection from sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). The use of pacifiers for SIDS prevention fails to gain adoption partly because there is no widely accepted physiologic mechanism to explain the epidemiologic association. Additionally, the scientific literature available on pacifier use focuses largely on the probable adverse effects. We hypothesize that pacifier use and all other forms of non-nutritional sucking (specifically digit sucking, also known as thumb sucking) is a life saving defense mechanism meant to splint open and stabilize the collapsible portion of the upper airway in infants.The main objective of this review article is to propose a mechanism to explain how pacifiers might help prevent SIDS. If the medical community accepts this mechanism, it can help promote pacifier use by the public and potentially reduce the incidence of SIDS.

Outpatient- or community-based interventions to prevent SIDS and sleep-related deaths.

To determine the state of science of outpatient- or community-based interventions for sudden infant death syndrome prevention in the United States, an integrative review was completed and studies identified through the application of inclusion and exclusion criteria. Of the nine studies identified, three were randomized controlled trials. There was a wide range of measurement tools and variables measured. The timing of interventions also varied. There was a focus on mothers and African Americans. Lastly, study design and approach have not changed significantly over time. Findings highlight recommendations for future research: expanding the target population, addressing culture in the development of the intervention or program, including additional providers, such as nurses, in the intervention or program, advancing innovation, and increasing rigor of study design.