Sudangrass Hybrid Research Articles

Effects of Ecotypes and Reduced N Fertilization on Root Growth and Aboveground Development of Ratooning Sorghum × Sudangrass Hybrids

Reduced N input while maintaining biomass production of sorghum × sudangrass hybrids (Sorghum bicolor L. × Sorghum sudanense; SSG) is essential; however, its effects on root sustainability and photosynthetic capacity during the ratooning period are not well defined in a multiple harvests system. The physiological response and root morphology of SSG were investigated under different N application levels during the ratooning period in a two-year field experiment. Treatments were all combinations of two ecotypes (late-flowering, Greenstar; early-flowering, Honeychew) and four N levels (0, 50, 100, 150 kg N ha−1). The total root length, surface area, volume, tips, and dry matter (DM) were significantly influenced by both ecotype and N level, with Greenstar outperforming Honeychew. Specifically, Greenstar’s root length increased by up to three times with reduced N application (50 kg N ha−1), while Honeychew showed significant root length increases only at higher N levels (100 and 150 kg N ha−1). Our data support the conclusion that a low level of N (50–100 kg N ha−1) was the optimal rate for ratooning root sustainability. The findings highlight the critical role of root development in sustaining biomass production and suggest that the late-flowering ecotype, Greenstar, is more suitable for a multiple harvests system with a robust root system.

Metabolic and Antioxidant Responses of Different Control Methods to the Interaction of Sorghum sudangrass hybrids-Colletotrichum boninense.

Colletotrichum boninense is the main pathogenic fungus causing leaf spot disease in Sorghum sudangrass hybrids, which seriously impairs its quality and yield. In order to find an efficient and green means of control, this study used the agar disk diffusion method to screen for a fungicide with the strongest inhibitory effect on C. boninense from among several bacteria, fungi, and chemicals. Then, the changes in the plant's antioxidant system and metabolic levels after treatment were used to compare the three means of control. The lowest inhibitory concentration of Zalfexam was 10 mg/mL, at which point C. boninense did not grow, and the inhibition rates of Bacillus velezensis (X7) and Trichoderma harzianum were 33.87-51.85% and 77.86-80.56%, respectively. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and chitinase were up-regulated 2.43 and 1.24 folds in the Trichoderma harzianum group (M group) and SOD activity was up-regulated 2.2 folds in the Bacillus velezensis group (X7 group) compared to the control group (CK group). SOD, peroxidase (POD), and chitinase activities were elevated in the Zalfexam group (HX group). The differential metabolites in different treatment groups were mainly enriched in amino acid metabolism and production, flavonoid production, and lipid metabolism pathways. Compared with the diseased plants (ZB group), the M, X7, HX, and CK groups were co-enriched in the tryptophan metabolic pathway and glutamate-arginine metabolic pathway, and only the CK group showed a down-regulation of the metabolites in the two common pathways, while the metabolites of the common pathways were up-regulated in the M, X7, and HX groups. In addition, the salicylic acid-jasmonic acid pathway and ascorbic acid-glutathione, which were unique to the M group, played an important role in helping Sorghum sudangrass hybrids to acquire systemic resistance against stress. This study fills the gap in the control of Colletotrichum boninene, which causes leaf spot disease in Sorghum sudangrass hybrids. This paper represents the first reported case of biological control for leaf spot disease in Sorghum sudangrass hybrids and provides a reference for the control of leaf spot disease in Sorghum sudangrass hybrids as well as other crops infected with Colletotrichum boninense.

Artificial Neural Network Modeling for Investigation on the Effect of Deficit Irrigation and Nitrogen Levels on Yield and Quality of Hay Remaining After Seed Harvest of Sorghum Sudangrass Hybrid

ABSTRACT This study aims to develop an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) modeling to be trained to forecast the effects of different irrigation water levels and fertilizer doses on the hay yield and some quality traits of herbal parts of Sorghum × Sudan grass hybrid (Sorghum sudanense vs. Sorghum bicolor). The ANN model was developed on the limited field experiments implemented in Bilecik, Turkey, for 2 years in 2021 and 2022. Experiments were conducted in split-plot design with three replications. In the study, three irrigation levels (I100, I60, and I30) were placed in the main parcels, and four fertilizer levels (N0, N50, N100 and N150 kg ha−1) were placed in the sub-parcels. Irrigations were made in three critical periods according to the amount of cumulative evaporation occurring in the Class A Pan. The results showed that irrigation and fertilization are important in terms of yield and quality characteristics. The yield increased depending on the irrigation and fertilization dose, and the highest value was obtained from the I100 × N150 interaction (28.10 t ha−1). The highest protein yield was determined from the I60 × N150 (2.37 t ha−1) interaction, and the Relative Feed Value (RFV) value was determined from the I30 × N150 (92.17) interaction. Irrigation Water Use Efficiency (IWUE) and Water Use Efficiency (WUE) values increased with decreasing irrigation amount, and the highest IWUE was determined from I30 and the highest WUE was determined from I60 irrigation subjects. According to the field experiments and ANN model, the I80 irrigation with 100 kg ha−1 nitrogen doses would suit the feed yield and quality of Sorghum × Sudan grass hybrid.

EVALUATION OF SILAGE OF SORGHUM AND SUDAN GRASS HYBRID PULP FOR BIOENERGY PURPOSES

This research was carried out to determine the potential for using the pulp of 10 different sorghum x sudan grass hybrid varieties (Aneto, Greengo, Jumbo, Master BMR, Nutri Honey, Nutrima, Sugar Graze II, Supergraze 1000, Süper Su 22, Tonka) used to obtain ethanol in Bingöl, Eastern Anatolian ecological conditions as silage. Field trials were carried out in 3 replications in 2020 according to the randomized block design. The plants were harvested during the pulping period of the grains. The stems from which the sap was extracted were silaged and left for fermentation at room temperature for 45 days. Feed quality characteristics and organic acid contents were determined in silage materials. Depending on the varieties; silages have a physical score of 7-19, dry matter rate 37.58-50.94%, pH value 3.36-4.30, ADF rate 39.33-50.76%, NDF rate 53.40-66.86%, ADL rate 10.90-13.96%, CP rate 2.76-4.46%, DDM ratio 49.33-50.26%, DMI ratio 1.80-2.36%, RFV ratio 68.66-107.00, net energy value 1.176-1.337, AA ratio 0.11-0.66%, BA ratio 0.76-1.16%, LA ratio 0.07-1.05% and PA ratio was found to vary between 0.0013-0.0026%. As a result, it was concluded that silages made with pulp in cultivars of sorghum x sudan grass hybrid plant can be used more appropriately in cellulosic ethanol production than forage.

Effects of harvest height and time on hay yield and quality of some sweet sorghum and sorghum Sudangrass hybrid varieties.

This experiment was conducted in the Research and Application Field of Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Faculty of Agriculture, during the 2020 and 2021 summer period. The objective of this experiment was to determine the effects of different harvesting heights on forage yields and crude ash, fat, protein, and carbon and nitrogen content of leaves and stalks of sweet sorghum (SS) and sorghum sudangrass hybrid (SSH) cultivars. Nutri Honey and Nutrima varieties of SSH and the M81-E and Topper-76 varieties of SS were used in this study. The experiment was conducted using the randomized complete block design with four replications. The main plots each included two early and late varieties of SS and SSH cultivars, while the subplots were used to test different harvesting heights (30, 60, 90, 120, 150 cm) and physiological parameters of each crop. The results of this study showed that dry forage yields increased with plant growth, with the amount of forage produced at the end of the growth cycle increasing 172.2% compared to the early growth stages. Carbon (C) content of leaves decreased by 6.5%, nitrogen (N) by 46%, crude protein (CP) by 54%, crude fat (CF) by 34%, while crude ash (CA) content increased by 6% due to the increase in plant height harvest. At the same time, in parallel with the increase in plant height at harvest, the nitrogen content of the stems of the plants decreased by 87%, crude protein by 65%, crude ash by 33% and crude fat by 41%, while the carbon content increased by 4%. As plant height at harvest increased, hay yield increased but nutrient contents of the hay decreased. However, the Nutrima, Nutri Honey and M81-E sorghum cultivars, harvested three times at heights of 90 to 120 cm, are recommended for the highest yield.

The Effects of Harvesting Heights at Different Stubble Heights on Forage Yield and Quality in Sorghum Sudangrass Hybrid Cultivars

The Effects of Harvesting Heights at Different Stubble Heights on Forage Yield and Quality in Sorghum Sudangrass Hybrid Cultivars

Determination of Environmental Impacts Using Life Cycle Assessment of Plants Grown for Bioenergy: Example of Sorghum x Sudan Grass Hybrid

Renewable energy sources are the most effective and cheapest method in combating climate change. Biomass, which is one of the renewable energy sources, is also one of the raw materials of biofuels. Sorghum x sudan grass hybrid, which is drought tolerant and has a short vegetation period, is one of the biomass sources. This study was carried out to determine the ethanol yield of sorghum x sudan grass hybrid plant grown in an area with a semi-humid climate and to determine the environmental impacts of biomass. Environmental impacts were assessed using the life cycle assessment method. Environmental impact categories are divided into 11 categories according to the CML-IA Baseline model. As a result, the biomass yield was 49888 kg ha-1 and the ethanol yield was 1674.1 l ha-1. According to the life cycle impact category of sorghum x sudan grass hybrid biomass production, it was determined that the highest environmental impact was 79.21%, causing the marine aquatic ecotoxicity. According to the life cycle interpretation, it was determined that it caused a global effect with a rate of 83.87%. In addition, the global warming value was calculated as 0.195 kg CO2-eq kgbiomass-1 (9728.16 kg CO2-eq ha-1). It has been determined that the agricultural phases that have the most negative impact on the environment are irrigation and fertilization.

Determination of silage quality of some sorghum x sudan grass hybrid varieties

Amaç: Bingöl ekolojik koşullarında yetiştirilen 10 farklı sorgum x sudan otu melezi çeşidinin (Aneto, Greengo, Jumbo, Master BMR, Nutri Honey, Nutrima, Sugar Graze II, Supergraze 1000, Süper Su 22 ve Tonka) silaj kalitesinin belirlenmesi amacıyla 3 tekerrürlü olarak yürütülmüştür.
 Materyal ve Yöntem: Bitkilerdeki daneler hamur olum döneminde iken hasat edilmiş, parçalanarak plastik bidonlara doldurulmuş ve oda sıcaklığında 45 gün süre ile fermantasyona bırakılmıştır. Silaj materyallerinde; fiziksel puan (FP), kuru madde (KM) oranı, asetik asit (AA), bütirik asit (BA), laktik asit (LA), propiyonik asit (PA) içerikleri, sindirilebilir kuru madde (SKM) oranı, kuru madde tüketimi (KMT) oranı, nispi yem değeri (NYD), ham protein (HP) oranı, pH, asit deterjanda çözünmeyen lif (ADF) oranı, nötral deterjanda çözünmeyen lif (NDF) oranı ve asit deterjan lignin (ADL) oranı belirlenmiştir.
 Araştırma Bulguları: Araştırma sonucuna göre; sorgum x sudan otu melezi çeşitleri arasında istatistiki olarak PA içeriği açısından p≤0,05, geriye kalan diğer özellikler açısından ise p≤0,01 düzeyinde önemli farklılıklar bulunmuştur. Sorgum x sudan otu melezi çeşitlerine ait silajların fiziksel puanı 11-20, KM, AA, BA, LA, PA oranları sırasıyla %26.07-36.49, %0.13-0.49, %0.33-1.16, %0.44-1.61, %0.0013-0.0026, SKM oranı %57.93-68.76, KMT oranı %2.40-3.20, NYD 117.26-171.53, HP, ADF, NDF, ADL oranları sırasıyla %5.13-8.16, %25.83-39.73, %37.30-50.33, %6.06-13.00, ve pH değerinin 3.45-4.09 arasında olduğu tespit edilmiştir.
 Sonuç: Elde edilen verilere göre, sorgum x sudan otu melezi çeşitleri arasında en kaliteli silajın Nutrima çeşidinden alınabileceği tespit edilmiştir.

Influence of N fertilizing on Single-cut Sorgum × Sudangrass Hybrids’ Forage Yield and Nutritive Profile

The study aimed to observe the effects of two forage sorghum hybrids and different nitrogenous (N) fertilizer rates. The current study was set up in randomized complete block (RCB) as a split-plot design with triplicate at the Field Crops Department experimental area, University of Ankara in the 2022 summer season. This experiment included two treatments which had forage sorghum hybrids (Hay day and Super-graze) and nitrogen fertilization rates in the form of 18% ammonium sulfate [control group with no nitrogen (N0), 120 kg ha-1 N (N1), 180 kg ha-1 N (N2)]. N fertilizing rates positively influenced in agronomic profiles, yield components and nutritive profiles. The plant height (197.24-221.72 cm), green herbage yield (GHY) (60.42-70.89 ton ha-1), dry matter (DM) yield (17.77-23.98 ton ha-1), crude protein (CP) yield (0.97-1.90 ton ha-1), metabolic energy (ME) yield (33070.17-51840.85 Mcal ha-1), net energy production (NEp) yield (21164.91-33178.15 Mcal ha-1) increased with applied N rates. The maximum of DM (33.83%), CP (7.90%), TDN (58.63%), ME (2.16 Mcal kg-1 DM), NEp (1.80 Mcal kg-1 DM), and the minimum of ADF (33.09%), NDF (53.17%), ADL (5.14%) were obtained in N2 rates. In light of the results; “Hay-day” had more GHY. “Sugar-graze” had more DM yield and it was determined more digestible forage. It was inferred that the best yield components and nutritive profiles were obtained in N2 rate.

Hay Preparation Technology for Sorghum×Sudangrass Hybrid Using a Stationary Far-Infrared Dryer

Hay Preparation Technology for Sorghum×Sudangrass Hybrid Using a Stationary Far-Infrared Dryer

Effect of Distiller's Grains Biochar Combined with Lactobacillus plantarum on Remediation of Lead, Cadmium and Zinc Complex contaminated Soil

Aiming to clarify the effect of Lactobacillus plantarum combined with distiller's grains biochar on lead, cadmium and zinc complex contaminated soil, a pot experiment was conducted to investigate soil effective heavy metal concentration, plant growth, and heavy metal accumulation in the Sorghum hybrid sudangrass. The results revealed that single application of distiller's grains biochar, Lactobacillus plantarum thallus, Lactobacillus plantarum supernatant, and combined application of distiller's grain biochar and Lactobacillus plantarum thallus could significantly reduce the content of available Cd, Pb, and Zn in soil (P<0.05), and reduced the aboved metals content in the aerial parts and roots of Sorghum hybrid sudangrass to varying degrees. Compared with control group, high dosage of distiller's grain biochar and Lactobacillus plantarum thallus combined application treated Sorghum hybrid sudangrass with the lowest heavy metals content. The concentrations of Cd, Pb, and Zn decreased by 40.93%, 31.84%, and 40.25% in the aerial part, respectively, and decreased by 41.09%, 21.79%, and 29.62% in the root, respectively. The high dosage of distiller's grains biochar and the combination application of distiller's grains biochar and Lactobacillus plantarum thallus significantly increased the plant height and biomass of Sorghum hybrid sudangrass (P<0.05), and the overall promotion effect was better than other treatments.

Fine mapping of a major QTL qPA7-1 for low hydrocyanic acid content in sorghum-sudangrass hybrid.

The purpose of this study was to study the genetic mechanism of low hydrocyanic acid (HCN) content. The segregation of HCN content trait in fresh stems and leaves was determined in the sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench)-sudangrass (Sorghum sudanense (Piper) Stapf) hybrid F2 population (N=1200), also used to detect a quantitative trait locus (QTL) for HCN content. Our hypothesis was that the additive effect of QTL was negative, showing that QTL was associated with low HCN. In the present research, a total of 11 simple sequence repeats (SSR) polymorphic primers were screened, and four SSR markers associated with low HCN content were developed based on the bulked segregant analysis method. A high-resolution genetic linkage group of the previously known qPA7-1 locus of the low HCN trait was constructed by analyzing different populations, families, and recombinants. Then, the QTL qPA7-1 of sorghum-sudangrass hybrid was fine-mapped to a 203.6kb region between markers SORBI4G4-120 and SORBI4G4-680, and seven candidate genes for low HCN were predicted in this region based on sequence comparison with the sorghum reference genome. According to gene annotation, the candidate genes related to low HCN content may be different from those involved in the known regulation mode of sorghum dhurrin biosynthesis and metabolism.

Additional N application and ecotype affect yield and quality of ratoon harvested sorghum x sudangrass hybrid for temperate regions

Sorghum x sudangrass hybrid (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) has excellent biomass yield and requires low maintenance. It can be harvested multiple times during the growing season. It has great potential to be used for cellulosic biofuel production in the temperate regions, including the Korean peninsula. However, N requirements during the regrowth have not been evaluated yet. Three years of the study with two ecotypes (early-flowering vs. late-flowering) were compared. After summer harvest, additional N (0, 50, 100, 150 kg N ha−1) were applied. Early-middle-late ratoon harvest treatments were executed to evaluate the ideal period for biomass yield and Theoretical Ethanol Yield (TEY). The late-flowering ecotype had greater biomass yield, TEY, and N-Agronomic Efficiency (NAE) due to longer vegetative growth. Maximum biomass yield was 7.44 Mg D.W. ha−1 (equivalent to TEY of 2657 L ha−1) at the additional 100 N kg ha−1 of middle ratoon harvest in 2018 when weather condition was unfavorable. However, with the favorable weather condition in 2019, additional 150 N kg ha−1 of late ratoon harvest outyielded (10.66 Mg ha−1; TEY of 4081 L ha−1). NAE was highest at 50 N kg ha−1 and then decreased with higher N rates. It indicates that additional N application is essential to achieve biomass yield and TEY under multiple harvest conditions. The appropriate harvest window for the ratooning crop was up to 14 weeks. Thus, additional N application and decision-making for harvest window are crucial factors affecting biomass yield and quality for biofuel with a choice of late-flowering ecotype.

Identification of Best Rate and Split Application of Nitrogen Fertilizer for Sudangrass Hybrid (Sorghum Vulgare Var. Sudanense)

The study was conducted in Agriculture College farm / Basra University – Karmat Ali location, during autumnal season / 2020, to study the effects of Nitrogen fertilizer levels (0, 150, 200 and 250 kg N ha-1), and three split application of nitrogen fertilizer which is: (¼ after two weeks of sowing, + ½ after the first cut + ¼ after the second cut , ½ after two weeks of sowing + ¼ after the first cut + ¼ after the second cut, ⅓ after two weeks of sowing, + ⅓ after the first cut + ⅓ after the second cut) symbolized by D1, D2, and D3 respectively, on growth and green forage of the hybrid of Sudan grass. The experiment was split-plots in R.C.B.D design with three replicates, the main plots included the nitrogen fertilizer, while split application were placed in the sub plots. . The results showed that the level 200 kg N ha-1 was superior and gave the highest in most of the growth parameters, as well as the highest green forage yield of 66.196, 82.407 and 20,533 μg ha-1, for the three cuts respectively.The split application of nitrogen fertilizer (D2) achieved the highest plant height, number of branches, number of leaves, also D2 achieved the highest green forage yield in the first and second cuts were 57.382 and 71,855 μg ha-1. The interaction of 200 kg N ha-1 with D2 gave the highest green forage yield at the first cutting of 72.333 μg ha-1, while, at the second cutting the level of 200 kg N ha-1 with D1 was gave the highest average green forage yield of 84.853 μg ha-1

Chemometric approach to the nutritive value of some sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) cultivars

This study aimed to determine which nutritional traits are a key to indicate the nutritive value of some sorghum cultivars by chemometric techniques such as principal component (PCA) and cluster (CA) analyses. Based on their genotype, seven sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) cultivars (sorghum [Rox and Early Sumac], sudangrass [Gözde] and sorghum × sudangrass hybrid [Jumbo, Grazer, Hayday and El Rey]) were denoted. Nutritional traits used were comprised of neutral detergent fibre (NDF), acid detergent fibre (ADF), crude protein (CP), Ca, P, K and Mg that determined by near-infrared spectroscopy analysis and digestible dry matter (DDM), dry matter intake (DMI), metabolizable energy (ME) and relative feed value (RFV) calculated by empirical equations. The NDF and ADF contents of cultivars showed a negative relationship with ME and RFV, while the CP content was positively and negatively correlated with these variables, respectively. The PCA generated two significant principal components (PCs). PC1 (59.51%) and PC2 (20.31%) described 79.83% of the total variation with eigenvalues of 6.55 and 2.23 in the sorghum cultivars, respectively. The PC1 were more representatives of the cultivars (Grazer, Hayday, Early Sumac and Gözde) and the calculated traits (DDM, DMI, ME and RFV). PC2 were characterized by Ca and Mg, while ADF, NDF and K with negative loadings in each PCs were the most representatives of most cultivars. CA grouped cultivars and traits into two clusters. The P, DDM, DMI, ME and RFV were the most important among components, defining important traits of cultivars to improve feeding of ruminants.

Exploiting the Innate Potential of Sorghum/Sorghum-Sudangrass Cover Crops to Improve Soil Microbial Profile That Can Lead to Suppression of Plant-Parasitic Nematodes.

Sorghum/sorghum–sudangrass hybrids (SSgH) have been used as a cover crop to improve soil health by adding soil organic matter, enhancing microbial activities, and suppressing soil-borne pathogens in various cropping systems. A series of SSgH were screened for (1) allelopathic suppression and (2) improvement of soil edaphic factors and soil microbial profile against plant-parasitic nematode (PPNs). The allelopathic potential of SSgH against PPNs is hypothesized to vary by variety and age. In two greenhouse bioassays, ‘NX-D-61′ sorghum and the ‘Latte’ SSgH amendment provided the most suppressive allelopathic effect against the female formation of Meloidogyne incognita on mustard green seedlings when using 1-, 2-, or 3-month-old SSgH tissue, though most varieties showed a decrease in allelopathic effect as SSgH mature. A field trial was conducted where seven SSgH varieties were grown for 2.5 months and terminated using a flail mower, and eggplant was planted in a no-till system. Multivariate analysis of measured parameters revealed that increase in soil moisture, microbial biomass, respiration rate, nematode enrichment index, and sorghum biomass were negatively related to the initial abundance of PPNs and the root-gall index at 5 months after planting eggplant in a no-till system. These results suggested that improvement of soil health by SSgH could lead to suppression of PPN infection.

The feeding value of two ensiled Sudan grass hybrids

Cilj rada bio je usporediti proizvodnost i hranidbenu vrijednost fermentirane krme dvaju hibrida sudanske trave s obzirom na prinos krme po jedinici površine te osnovni kemijski sastav i kvalitetu fermentacije krme u silosu. U istraživanju su korištene dvije sorte sudanske trave, sorta Su-Su i sorta Pacific graze. Istraživanje je provedeno tijekom vegetacijske sezone 2014. godine na pokusnoj površini pokušališta Maksimir Agronomskog fakulteta Sveučilišta u Zagrebu. Pokošena biljna masa je silirana u laboratorijske silose. Nakon 35 dana od zatvaranja silosa, fermentirana krma je analizirana NIR spektroskopijom na osnovni kemijski sastav i kvalitetu fermentacije, procjenom sadržaja organske tvari (OT), sirovih proteina (SP), neutralnih detergent vlakana (NDV), kiselih detergent vlakana (KDV), metaboličke energije (ME), probavljivosti organske tvari u suhoj tvari (D-vrijednost), razgradivosti sirovih proteina (RSP), faktora konzumacije za ovce i goveda, pH vrijednosti i amonijskog N (NH3-N). Nisu utvrđene statistički značajne razlike između hibrida Pacific graze i Su-su u istraživanim parametrima. Prinos ST hibrida Pacific graze i Su-su je iznosio 11,5 t ha-1 i 12,88 t ha-1 tim slijedom (P>0,409), sadržaj SP 102,3 g kg-1 ST i 103,8 g kg-1 ST tim slijedom (P>0,802), sadržaj NDV 507 g kg-1 ST i 514 g kg-1 ST tim slijedom(P>0.523), D-vrijednost 605 g kg-1 ST i 602 g kg-1 ST tim slijedom (P>0,341), pH vrijednost 4,26 i 4,4 tim slijedom (P>0,193), a sadržaj NH3-N 116 g NH3 kg-1 ukupnog N i 131 g NH3 kg-1 ukupnog N tim slijedom (P>0,254). Zaključeno je da oba hibrida sudanske trave imaju potencijal za proizvodnju fermentirane voluminozne krme visokog prinosa po jedinici površine, a niža hranidbena vrijednost fermentirane krme utvrđena u ovom istraživanju je rezultat kasnijeg roka košnje biljne mase za siliranje.

The Determination of Forage Yield and Quality of Some Silage Sorghum Cultivars in Ecological Conditions of Uşak Province

This study was conducted to determinate of yield and some quality characters of sorghum cultivars in Usak province in 2014. In the study was used four sorghum sudangrass hybrid (Aneto, Sugar Graze II, Greengo, Nutri Honey) and two sorghum cultivars (Teide and Rox). The experiment was carried out in completely randomized block design with three replicates. In the study, plant height, herbage yield, hay yield, crude protein (CP) ratio, crude protein yields, acid detergent fiber (ADF), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), total digestible nutrient (TDN) and relative feed value (RFV) were determined. There were significant differences in all the properties examined among sorghum and sorghum-sudangrass hybrid cultivars. According to the results of the research, plant heights of cultivars ranged from 200.1 to 229.7 cm, herbage yields ranged from 57.40 to 77.73 t ha-1, hay yields ranged from 14.11 to 18.95 t ha-1, crude protein ratios ranged from 9.95 to 11.94%, crude protein yields ranged from 1.46 to 2.15 t ha-1, ADF ratios from 36.64 to 42.41%, NDF ratios from 55.79 to 60.12%, total digestible nutrient ratios from 46.60 to 54.05%, relative feed values from 87.14 to 100.56. Greengo cultivar had higher herbage yield, hay yield, total digestible nutrient and relative feed values and lower ADF and NDF ratio than other cultivars. The results revealed that Greengo cultivar can be considered suitable for the Uşak and similar ecological conditions.

Selection of lactic acid bacteria from native grass silage and its effects as inoculant on silage fermentation

AbstractThe study aimed to isolate, characterize, and identify wild lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains from native grass silage on the Inner Mongolian Plateau, and the effects of wild LAB strains on the nutritive and fermentation characteristics of sorghum–sudangrass hybrid (Sorghum bicolor L. × S. sudanense L.) silage were also investigated. These isolates were evaluated using morphological, physiological, and biochemical tests. Three isolated strains were Gram‐positive, homofermentative, catalase‐negative, not produce gas from glucose, and rod‐shaped. These strains could grow normally at pH 3.5–8.0, 15–30 ˚C and NaCl 3 and 6.5%. They were identified as Lactobacillus plantarum group by sequencing 16S rRNA. Compared to uninoculated silage, all LAB‐inoculated silages significantly (P < .05) increased lactic acid (LA) content and ratios of lactic acid/acetic acid (LA/AA), while, reduced pH and ammonia nitrogen (NH3–N). Among all the isolated LAB strains, XM2 showed the highest (P < .05) crude protein (CP), LA, ratio of LA/AA and LAB, lowest (P < .05) pH, AA, propionic acid (PA), butyric acid (BA), NH3–N than the other isolated LAB strains. Strain XM2 is a potential starter culture for sorghum–sudangrass hybrid silage.

Determination of Growing Degree Days Values Required for Growth Periods of Sorghum x Sudan Grass Hybrid Varieties under Full Irrigation and Water Stress Conditions

Bu çalışma sorgum x sudan otu melezi (Sorghum bicolor L. x Sorghum sudanense) çeşitlerinin su stresi ve tam sulama şartlarında çiçeklenme gün sayısı, birinci ve ikinci biçim zamanı için ihtiyaç olan gün ve Growing degree days (GDD) değerlerinin belirlenmesi amacı ile 2017 ve 2018 yıllarında Konya ekolojik koşullarında yürütülmüştür. Tesadüf bloklarında bölünmüş parseller deneme desenine göre üç tekerrürlü yürütülen çalışmada ana parselleri sulama konuları (S1: Tarla kapasitesine getirilecek şekilde sulama; S2: S1’in % 50 si kadar sulama), alt parselleri ise sorgum x sudan otu melezi çeşitleri (Hayday, Tonka, Aneto, Greengo, Sugargraze II, Master BMR ve Forage King) oluşturmuştur. Çalışmada çiçeklenme zamanı için GDD değerleri 2017 ve 2018 yıllarında tam sulanan koşullarda (S1) sırasıyla 924 oC ve 988 oC olarak elde edilmiştir. Su stresi koşullarında (S2) ise GDD değerleri 2017 ve 2018 yıllarında sırasıyla 1115.8 oC ve 1078.2 oC olarak elde edilmiştir. Birinci biçim için GDD değerleri tam sulanan koşullarda (S1) 2017 ve 2018 yıllarında sırasıyla 1116.4 oC ve 1177.3 oC olarak elde edilmiştir. Su stresi (S2) koşullarında ise GDD değerleri 2017 ve 2018 yıllarında sırasıyla 1265 oC ve 1255.5 oC olarak elde edilmiştir. Her iki yılda da çiçeklenme döneminde en düşük GDD değerleri Forage King çeşidinden (806.3-869.9 oC) elde edilmiştir. En yüksek GDD değerleri ise 2017 yılında Tonka çeşidinden (1110.7 oC) ve 2018 yılında Tonka, Greengo çeşitlerinden (1113.3 oC) elde edilmiştir.