Suction Tool Research Articles

Multi-factor coupling analysis of electric field distribution in electrochemical machining with electrolyte suction tool

Electrochemical machining (ECM) technology holds significant potential for applications in high accuracy engineering and manufacturing. To confine the electrolyte region during ECM and mitigate the effects of reaction products and heat generation, an electrolyte suction tool has been proposed. However, the complex electric field distribution on the anode surface during the application of pulse voltage, limits the further utilization of ECM with suction tool. A multi-physics simulation model is established to calculate the region of electrolyte confinement by the suction tool, current density distribution within the electrolyte region, and material removal. The model considers the combined effects of polarization and double layer, and all key parameters are calibrated through classical electrochemical testing experiments rather than fitted based on the predicted results. This study elucidates the transient response of current density on the anode surface during the application of pulse voltage. The simulation accuracy is validated by comparing experimental and simulated current waveforms, as well as material removal profiles under different pulse parameters and electrode shapes. This research is of great significance for improving surface precision and controllability of complex structures in ECM with suction tool, promoting its further application in the field of precision machining.

Sand fill cleanout on wireline enables access to additional perforation zones in gas well producer

An Australian operator wanted to explore options for wireline conveyed sand bailing in one of their offshore deviated ‘S’ shape gas producing wells. The objective was to remove approximately 24 m of sand fill inside 9.625″ production casing, with an internal diameter (ID) of 8.681″. To limit the number of cleanout runs, the latest technology in wireline deployed suction tools with a 4.25″ overall diameter (OD) was chosen, which provided increased recovery volume, plus real-time surface control and monitoring. Because of the tool’s overall diameter, the landing nipple also required milling to allow access. Therefore, a specially designed 4.412″ mill bit was manufactured and run on a milling tool. The electric line deployed milling technology successfully milled through the landing nipple and a ball catcher in four runs, thus increasing the ID sufficiently to allow access for the cleanout tool string. A well fluid column of about seven bars is required to enable operation of the suction tool. The cleanout tool was configured with three bailer sections (seven max) for the first run, to determine sand recovery optimisation. Three different sizes of bailer filters are provided; prior knowledge of debris particle size is therefore advantageous. In this case, a slickline bailing sand sample had been recovered, which immediately aided filter choice. Seventeen bailing runs were conducted over 5 days, successfully recovering a total of 918 L of sand, equating to about 2.4 tons. Ultimately, the process enabled perforation of two additional gas zones to increase production.

Utilization of Vacuum Pump in Harvesting Process of Stingless Bee Honey for Empowerment of Honey Farmer Community.

The process of harvesting stingless bee honey requires special tools, the use of vacuum pumps as a harvesting medium makes it easier for farmers, saves time, and maintains honey quality. The purpose of this service is to provide training to the community on how to use a honey harvesting tool with a vacuum pump with a capacity of 7 liters/minute, the assembly process and maintenance. From the results of the service that has been carried out for beekeepers in Pulo Meria Village, it is found that the honey suction tool from the Vacuum pump is very useful for farmers, easy to use, production capacity of 1 liter per hour and portable. The difference in the amount of capacity is due to the different honey harvesting process due to having different sized honey bags and different honeycomb contours. From the empowerment of the honey farming community, it was found that 89% of the farmers got better quality honey harvests and increased honey production by 57% more.

Adaptive Human-Robotic Interaction for Robotic-assisted Surgical Settings.

Increased complexity in robotic-assisted surgical system interfaces introduces problems with human-robot collaboration that result in excessive mental workload (MWL), adversely impacting a surgeon's task performance and increasing error probability. Real-time monitoring of the operator's MWL will aid in identifying when and how interventions can be best provided to moderate MWL. In this study, an MWL-based adaptive automation system is constructed and evaluated for its effectiveness during robotic-assisted surgery. This study recruited 10 participants firstto perform surgical tasks under different cognitive workload levels. Physiological signals were obtained and employed to build a real-time system for cognitive workload monitoring. To evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed system, 15 participants were recruited to perform the surgical task with and without the proposed system. The participants' task performance and perceived workload were collected and compared. The proposed neural network model achieved an accuracy of 77.9% in cognitive workload classification. In addition, better task performance and lower perceived workload were observed when participants completed the experimental task under the task condition supplemented with adaptive aiding using the proposed system. The proposed MWL monitoring system successfully diminished the perceived workload of participants and increased their task performance under high-stress conditions via interventions by a semi-autonomous suction tool. The preliminary results from the comparative study show the potential impact of automated adaptive aiding systems in enhancing surgical task performance via cognitive workload-triggered interventions in robotic-assisted surgery.

An Adaptive Human-Robotic Interaction Architecture for Augmenting Surgery Performance Using Real-Time Workload Sensing-Demonstration of a Semi-autonomous Suction Tool.

This study developed and evaluated a mental workload-based adaptive automation (MWL-AA) that monitors surgeon cognitive load and assist during cognitively demanding tasks and assists surgeons in robotic-assisted surgery (RAS). The introduction of RAS makes operators overwhelmed. The need for precise, continuous assessment of human mental workload (MWL) states is important to identify when the interventions should be delivered to moderate operators' MWL. The MWL-AA presented in this study was a semi-autonomous suction tool. The first experiment recruited ten participants to perform surgical tasks under different MWL levels. The physiological responses were captured and used to develop a real-time multi-sensing model for MWL detection. The second experiment evaluated the effectiveness of the MWL-AA, where nine brand-new surgical trainees performed the surgical task with and without the MWL-AA. Mixed effect models were used to compare task performance, objective- and subjective-measured MWL. The proposed system predicted high MWL hemorrhage conditions with an accuracy of 77.9%. For the MWL-AA evaluation, the surgeons' gaze behaviors and brain activities suggested lower perceived MWL with MWL-AA than without. This was further supported by lower self-reported MWL and better task performance in the task condition with MWL-AA. A MWL-AA systems can reduce surgeons' workload and improve performance in a high-stress hemorrhaging scenario. Findings highlight the potential of utilizing MWL-AA to enhance the collaboration between the autonomous system and surgeons. Developing a robust and personalized MWL-AA is the first step that can be used do develop additional use cases in future studies. The proposed framework can be expanded and applied to more complex environments to improve human-robot collaboration.

The Effect of Cigarette Smoke through Biofilters with Natural Plant Materials on Mice MDA Level.

Background: Cigarette smoke causes various health problems. Therefore, it is necessary to overcome the problem. One solution to these problems is biofilters' use to capture free radicals from cigarette smoke. This study aims to discover the effect of cigarette smoke exposure through a biofilter made from dates, olives, and pomegranates on mice‘s MDA levels. Methods: The experimental study was performed to compare the result of five different treatments. Exposure of 150 ml of cigarette smoke was given every day using a suction tool (15 times each mouse) for 28 days. It was performed with five controls treatment: negative, positive, date biofilter, pomegranate biofilter, and olive biofilter. Furthermore, the data were analyzed using the one-way ANOVA followed by the Duncan test to discover differences in mice’s MDA levels from each treatment. Results: The measurement of MDA levels is using the TBA (Thiobarbitaric Acid) test. The sample is obtained from 1.8 grams of the mices' liver in each treatment.The results showed an effect of using date, pomegranate, and olive biofilters on mice's MDA levels. It shows that the best MDA levels were found in date biofilter treatment with a value of 224 ng/ml with a p-value of 0.023. Conclusion: The results showed that the MDA levels with the Dates and Olives biofilter treatment were better than the negative control. Therefore, these treatment makes the harmful content of cigarette smoke can be minimized.

Current practice of rectal biopsies for the diagnosis of Hirschsprung's disease in Latin America: an international online survey.

The gold standard for the diagnosis of Hirschsprung's disease (HD) is a rectal biopsy. The sample may be obtained using a transanal excisional biopsy (TEB) or suction technique. Rectal suction biopsy (RSB) is not a standard procedure in Latin-America. To evaluate the current practice in rectal biopsy for HD among pediatric surgeons. We distributed an online questionnaire among Latin-American pediatric surgeons. One hundred forty-nine pediatric surgeons from 15 countries completed the anonymous survey (71.4% of Latin-American countries), grouped into 81.9% pediatric surgeons; 8.9% pediatric colorectal surgeons, 8.9% trainees, and 1 pediatric colorectal surgeon fellow. 50.4% reported less than 5 new patients with HD per year, 36.2% 5-10 new cases, and 13.4% more than 10. Only 14.1% of surgeons have access to perform a RSB in the diagnostic work-up of patients with suspected HD, 90% in our study perform an TEB under general anesthesia. When we ask if they could perform both procedures in babies up to 6months, 52.3% indicate that they prefer an RSB, and for patients older than 6months, 35.4% favor an RSB. Regarding the number of samples obtained performing an TEB, 30.9% get one biopsy, 29.5% two biopsies, and 39.6% three or more samples. Surgeons obtained the most proximal biopsy at a median of 2.3cm (range 1-4cm) above the pectinate line. 67.8% of surgeons prescribed antibiotic prophylaxis. Overall, 16.1% experienced complications, including rectal blood loss (n = 18), and rectal perforation (n = 3). The most frequently used staining methods for rectal biopsies are hematoxylin/eosin (87%), calretinin (56, 8%), and acetylcholinesterase (21.9%). In Latin-America, the accessibility for RSB is limited only 18 out of 149 surgeons have access to rectal suction tool. There is no consensus regarding sample number, site of proximal biopsy, and antibiotics use. The complications associated with the procedure seems to be less than reported with RSB. Therefore, we should standardize this common surgical practice and establish universal guidelines for rectal biopsy procedure (RBP).

Observation of gap phenomenon in electrochemical machining by using electrolyte suction tool with auxiliary anode

Observation of gap phenomenon in electrochemical machining by using electrolyte suction tool with auxiliary anode

Attempt of three-dimensional shape generation with electrolyte suction tool

Attempt of three-dimensional shape generation with electrolyte suction tool

Theoretical Verification of Film Forming in Local Electroplating Process with Electrolyte Suction Tool

Electroplating has many applications, including surface hardening and metal thin film manufacturing. In conventional electroplating, the entire workpiece is immersed in the plating solution. Since the whole surface in contact with the solution is plated, a masking operation to remove the unnecessary plating film is required. This is especially applicable to local plating in the case of ornament plating, surface hardening method, among others. However, these additional processes result in substantial increase in processing time and cost. Earlier, we achieved maskless local electroplating with a smooth surface using a suction tool, in which the electrolyte was retrieved by a suction pump through a suction hole. Even so, formation of film on electroplating is yet to be verified by simulations. Herein, we performed experiments and simulations of the local electroplating by varying the processing time before comparing the results. Finally, the validity of the film forming was examined by discussing the results.

Perancangan Alat Penghisap dan Pengangkat Sampah pada Permukaan Laut Berbasis Mikrokontroler

Plastic garbage is one of the elements that causes the pollution and especially pollution in the sea. The amount of rubbish in the waters has indeed become one of the problems which has not been resolved. It comes from the activities of human who throw garbage into the sea, the lack of mutual cooperation activities and public awareness in disposing of garbage in its place. The aims of this research are to make a suction tool and trash collector to help the community in collecting marine trash on the surface of the sea, so the community does not need to manually collect or clean up trash in the port area or residents homes near coastal. In this study, the researcher used LDR sensor to respond the presence of garbage, DC motors to move the garbage nets, relay modules as the regulators of the life of the pump, and limit switches to turn off and turn on the DC motors, and also GSM900 Modules as notification tools which is to send a Short Message Service (SMS) to the user that the garbage is full and ready to be picked up. The result of the study was obtained that the device are able to take waste with an average weight every hour, 0.3 kg and the maximum weight that can be lifted nets 0.5 kg and minimum weight around 0.1 kg. with the most type of waste in the form of plastic waste , organic waste and other household waste in small size.

Electrochemical Machining with Electrolyte Suction Tool

Electrochemical Machining with Electrolyte Suction Tool

Influence of electrolyte flow mode on characteristics of electrochemical machining with electrolyte suction tool

Abstract Electrochemical machining (ECM) is a promising nontraditional machining method for shape generation, which has many advantages such as capable of processing difficult-to-cut metallic materials without residual stress, good surface quality, high efficiency, no tool wear, etc. However, in many cases, problems of relatively poor machining accuracy and possible environmental risks hinder further application of this process. Hence an electrolyte suction tool has been proposed for ECM, which is expected to give a solution to these problems by restraining the electrolyte flow within the suction tool. In this paper, the effects of different electrolyte flow modes in suction tool on characteristics of ECM process were investigated both theoretically and experimentally. A multi-physics model coupling with a turbulent two-phase flow field and an electrical field was established for the ECM with the suction tool. A set of observational experiments and machining experiments were designed and conducted to clarify the characteristics of the electrolyte flow field and verify the results of simulation. The results show that under the inward flow mode (IFM), much surrounding air is sucked into the machining area and a relatively stable gas-liquid zone is formed, leading to poor machining characteristics. Meanwhile, the electrolyte is confined to a small area under the outward flow mode (OFM), which effectively improves both surface quality and machining accuracy of the ECM process.

Influence of Machining Conditions on ECM Characteristics of Titanium Alloy in Shape Generation by Scanning Tool Electrode

Titanium alloy is widely used in many fields. Since it is a difficult-to-cut material, electrochemical machining (ECM) is suitable for its shape generation. However, the machined surface becomes uneven and the machining amount decreases along the scanning direction in the scanning ECM by using an electrolyte suction tool. In this study, in order to find out the reason for uneven surface and decreasing machining amount, the relationship between machining characteristics and the applied voltage was investigated and the influence of current density was discussed.

Study on ECM Characteristics in Hole Machining with Electrolyte Suction Tool

Study on ECM Characteristics in Hole Machining with Electrolyte Suction Tool

Study on Electrochemical Machining of Oil Pocket on Sliding Surface with Electrolyte Suction Tool

Sliding surfaces for high precise machine tools are conventionally made by scraping to obtain a highly precise flat surface, as well as minute oil pockets at the same time. Because of these two elements, the sliding surface greatly contributes to improvement of motion accuracy of machine tool. In this study, an EMC method for oil pockets on the sliding surface was proposed by utilizing a suction tool instead of scrapping. The processing characteristics with the suction tool for processing one oil pocket have been reported by the authors. In this report, we proposed to use a suction tool with multiple electrodes to raise the productivity and examined the change of the processing shape of oil pocket along the electrolyte flow. Moreover, we found out the kind of electrolyte and the machining conditions which are suitable for simultaneous processing of multiple pockets.

吸引工具による局部電解めっきにおける加工条件の影響

吸引工具による局部電解めっきにおける加工条件の影響

New abrasive deburring method using suction for micro burrs at intersecting holes

As industrial technology advances functionally, there is an increasing necessity to treat edges of products well to satisfy the required function. Specifically, burrs inside products at intersecting holes are very difficult to remove because the accessibility of the burr location inside the product to tools is very limited. We propose a new deburring method called abrasive deburring. This method uses a pipe with a hole as a deburring tool to move water with an abrasive and a pump for suction. To determine the suitability of the proposed deburring method, abrasives with different sizes and specific gravities are used. The geometry of the tool and the operating conditions were specified using the following parameters: the diameter of the crossing hole, the diameter of the suction tool, the gap between the sample hole and the tool, the pressure of the pump, and the location of the hole of the tool. The suction-deburring method was very useful for removing micro burrs formed at intersecting holes with an appropriate pump pressure, which is not as high as that in the water-jet or extrude-hone method. However, given the limited deburring force, the method is only applicable for removing micro burrs; other burrs are reduced to stable burrs, which do not require removal from the product.

Proposal and Verification of Area-limited Electroplating with Suction Tool

Electroplating is used for corrosion protection, surface hardening, metal thin film manufacturing, etc. In conventional electroplating, the workpiece is immersed in the plating solution, and the whole contact surface is plated. Therefore, the mask operation and the removal of unnecessary plating film are needed for local plating in the case of ornament plating and so on. However, these additional processes would lead to a substantial increase in processing time and cost. In this research, a novel approach to realize local electroplating by using a suction tool, with which the electrolyte is confined in the area between the tool electrode and workpiece, was proposed. The results of the verification experiment showed that the maskless local electroplating can be performed, and pattern plating such as characters is possible with the proposed method.

1112 Study on ECM Characteristics with Electrolyte Suction Tool

1112 Study on ECM Characteristics with Electrolyte Suction Tool