Succinate Anions Research Articles

Poly[[(2-phenyl-1H-1,3,7,8,-tetraazacyclopenta[l]phenanthrene)zinc(II)]-μ3-succinato

The N-heterocycle in the title compound, [Zn(C4H4O4)(C19H12N4)]n, chelates to the ZnII ion; adjacent Zn ions are linked through three O atoms of the succinate anions into a ribbon. Adjacent ribbons are further linked by N—H⋯O hydrogen bonding, forming layers. The Zn center shows a square-pyramidal coordination.

Bis[(4-acetamidophenoxy-2-hydroxypropyl)isopropylammonium] succinate dihydrate

Atenolol, 4-(3-isopropyl­amino­methyl-2-hydroxy­prop­oxy)­phenyl­acetamide, crystallizes as a hydrated succinate salt, 2C14H23N2O3+·C4H4O42−·2H2O. It is isostructural with its fumarate salt. The carboxylic acid transfers its acid H atoms to two mol­ecules of atenolol; the cation, anion and water mol­ecule are linked through hydrogen bonds into a three-dimensional network motif. The succinate anion is located on an inversion center.

Catena-Poly[[[aqua(dipyrido[3,2-a:2′,3′-c]phenazine)cobalt(II)]-μ-succinato] monohydrate

In the title compound, {[Co(C4H4O4)(C18H10N4)(H2O)]·H2O}n, each CoII atom is six-coordinated by two N atoms from one dipyrido[3,2-a:2′,3′-c]phenazine ligand, and by four O atoms from two succinate anions (one chelating bidentate and one monodentate) and one water mol­ecule in a distorted cis-CoN2O4 octa­hedral coordination. The CoII atoms are bridged by the succinate ligands to generate a helical chain structure. The chain motif is consolidated into a layer structure by O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds involving the water mol­ecules and carboxyl­ate O atoms.

Poly[[diaqua-μ6-succinato-di-μ5-succinato-diholmium(III)] monohydrate

The HoIII center in the title coordination polymer, {[Ho2(C4H4O4)3(H2O)2]·H2O} n , is nine-coordinated in a tricapped trigonal prism by eight O atoms, derived from six carboxylate groups and a water molecule. One of the independent succinate anions is located about a crystallographic center of inversion and the uncoordinated water molecule lies on a twofold axis. The crystal structure comprises edge-shared HoO9 polyhedra linked by succinate bridges, forming a three-dimensional network structure.

Poly[diaqua-μ6-succinato-di-μ5-succinatodineodymium(III)

The title compound, [Nd2(C4H4O4)3(H2O)2]n, has been synthesized under hydro­thermal conditions. The asymmetric unit consists of two Nd3+ cations, three succinate anions and two aqua ligands. The coordination polyhedron around each Nd atom is a tricapped trigonal prism; the prisms are bridged into a three-dimensional network by succinate ligands. The succinate ligands exhibit gauche and anti conformations with different coordination modes.

Poly[di-μ4-1,4-benzenedicarboxylato-μ6-succinato-dierbium(III)

A three-dimensional coordination polymer, [Er2(C4H4O4)(C8H4O4)2] n , has been synthesized under hydrothermal conditions. The coordination polyhedron around the Er atom is a distorted square antiprism; antiprisms are linked into a three-dimensional network by the 1,4-benzenedicarboxylate ligands and succinate anions. The succinate anion is located on a centre of inversion.

Poly[diaquadi-μ6-succinato-μ5-succinato-dierbium(III)

In the title compound, [Er2(C4H4O4)3(H2O)2] n , the asymmetric unit consists of two ErIII cations, three succinate anions and two coordinated water molecules. Both ErIII ions are in a tricapped trigonal–prismatic coordination environment. The Er atoms are bridged into a three-dimensional framework by succinate anions, which exhibit anti and gauche conformations with different coordination modes. The crystal structure is stabilized by O—H...O hydrogen bonds [O...O = 2.715 (8)–2.936 (8) Å].

Poly[diaquadi-μ5-succinato-μ6-succinato-didysprosium(III)

The title compound, [Dy2(C4H4O4)3(H2O)2], has been synthesized under hydro­thermal conditions. The asymmetric unit consists of two Dy3+ cations, three succinate anions and two aqua ligands. The succinate ligands exhibit gauche and anti conformations with different coordination modes. The Dy atoms are bridged into a three-dimensional network by succinate ligands.

The crystal structure of strychnidine succinate shows similar self-assembly to strychnine salts

In the crystal structure of strychnidine succinate, C21H25N2O+·C4H5O4−, strychnidinium bilayers are separated by layers composed of extended carboxylic acid O—H⋯O hydrogen-bonded chains. The significantly different C—O distances of the carboxyl­ate groups of the succinate anion allow the negatively charged O atoms to be identified.

Poly[di-μ4-1,4-benzenedicarboxylato-μ6-succinato-dineodymium(III)

The title compound, [Nd2(C4H4O4)(C8H4O4)2]n, was synthesized by hydro­thermal synthesis. The Nd atom is coordinated by four O atoms from four 1,4-benzene­dicarboxyl­ate ligands and four O atoms from three succinate anions, in a distorted square-anti­prismatic coordination geometry. The anti­prisms are bridged by the 1,4-benzene­dicarboxyl­ate and succinate ligands, forming a three-dimensional network. The succinate ion is located on a centre of inversion.

Controlled Release by Permeability Alteration of Cationic Ammonio Methacrylate Copolymers Using Ionic Interactions

A multiparticulate drug delivery system was studied in which the drug release of a model drug theophylline could be modulated by interactions of ammonio methacrylate polymer and anions. The system consisted of a EUDRAGIT® NE coated anionic core, layered with drug and further layered with EUDRAGIT® RS. The effects of different anions like chloride, succinate, citrate, and acetate as well as the thickness of the polymer layers on the in vitro drug release were studied. It was seen that succinate and acetate anions had permeability enhancing effects and citrate and chloride anions had permeability retarding effects on the polymer. The results indicate that changing these variables would enable us to get a desired release profile and hence the proposed system could be a viable alternative to existing technologies for the development of a controlled drug delivery system.

Intramolecular Hydrogen Bonding in Disubstituted Ethanes. A Comparison of NH···O- and OH···O- Hydrogen Bonding through Conformational Analysis of 4-Amino-4-oxobutanoate (succinamate) and Monohydrogen 1,4-Butanoate (monohydrogen succinate) Anions

Relative strengths of amide NH...O- and carboxyl OH...O- hydrogen bonds were investigated via conformational analysis of succinamate and monohydrogen succinate anions with the aid of vicinal proton-proton NMR couplings and B3LYP DFT quantum mechanical calculations for a variety of solvents. New experimental results for succinamate are compared with those obtained from previous studies of monohydrogen succinate. While some computational results for monohydrogen succinate were published previously, the results contained herein are the product of a more powerful methodology than that used earlier. The experimental results clearly show that intramolecular hydrogen-bond formation is more favored in aprotic solvents than in protic solvents for both molecules. Furthermore, the preference of the succinate monoanion for the gauche conformation is much stronger in aprotic solvents than that of succinamate, indicating that the OH...O- hydrogen bond is substantially stronger than its NH...O- counterpart, despite the approximately 5 kcal cost for formation of the E configuration of the carboxyl group needed to make an intramolecular hydrogen bond. The actual energy differences between formation of internal hydrogen bonds for monohydrogen succinate and succinamate anion were estimated by comparison of the relative values of K1 of the respective acids in water and DMSO by a procedure first developed by Westheimer. Recent theoretical work with succinamate highlights the necessity of considering substituent orientational degrees of freedom to understand the conformational equilibria of the central CH2-CH2 torsions in disubstituted ethanes. Similar methodology is applied here to succinic acid monoanion, by mapping potential-energy surfaces with respect to the CH2-CH2 torsional, carboxyl-substituent rotational, and carboxyl-proton E/Z isomeric degrees of freedom. Boltzmann populations were compared with gauche populations estimated from the experimentally determined coupling constants. The quantum mechanical results for succinamate show a much weaker tendency toward hydrogen bonding than for the succinic acid monoanion. However, the theoretical methods employed appear to substantially overestimate contributions from intramolecularly hydrogen-bonded structures for the succinic acid monoanion when compared with experimental results. Natural bond orbital analysis, applied to the quantum mechanical wave functions of fully optimized gauche and trans structures, showed a strong correlation between the population of amide sigma*(N-H) and carboxyl sigma*(O-H) antibonding orbitals and apparent hydrogen-bonding behavior.

Elaboration, structural, thermal and vibrational studies of two new cadmium hybrid compounds: [Cd(OH)] 2[O 2C(CH 2) 2CO 2], and [Cd 3(OH) 2][O 2C(CH 2) 2CO 2] 2

Two new cadmium hybrid inorganic–organic compounds have been hydrothermally prepared and structurally characterized using single-crystal X-ray diffraction. [Cd(OH)] 2[O 2C(CH 2) 2CO 2] ([CD1]) is Monoclinic P2 1/c, a = 10.12 ( 2 ) Å , b = 5.554 ( 5 ) Å , c = 6.134 ( 3 ) Å , β = 96.24 ( 8 ) ° and z = 2 . [Cd 3(OH) 2][O 2C(CH 2) 2CO 2] 2 ([CD2]) is Orthorhombic Pcca, a = 10.657 ( 2 ) Å , b = 6.8610 ( 3 ) Å , c = 16.949 ( 3 ) Å , and z = 4 . Both [CD1] and [CD2] have bi-dimensional inorganic networks pillared by carbon atoms of the succinate anions. [CD1] inorganic moiety is composed of a double layer of equivalent CdO 6 octahedra sharing corners or edges. Smoothly corrugated mono-layers of CdO 6 octahedra sharing corners or edges are present in the [CD2] inorganic moiety. Thermal as well IR spectroscopic studies are also presented. These hybrid compounds are stable up to 400 °C under air flow.

Succinate bridged dimeric Cu(II) system containing sandwiched non-coordinating succinate dianion: Crystal structure, spectroscopic and thermal studies of [(phen) 2Cu(μ-L)Cu(phen) 2]L · 12.5H 2O (H 2L = succinic acid; phen = 1,10-phenanthroline)

A mixed ligand and dimeric Cu II complex [(phen) 2Cu(μ-L)Cu(phen) 2]L · 12.5H 2O (H 2L = succinic acid) containing bridging succinate moiety and also non-coordinated succinate dianion was prepared from polymeric Cu(II) succinate by nucleophilic reaction with o-phenanthroline ( phen) followed by depolymerization. The dimeric product was characterized by crystallographic, spectroscopic and thermoanalytical studies. The complex crystallizes in triclinic crystal system and is composed of succinate bridged [(phen) 2Cu(μ-L)Cu(phen) 2] 2+ complex cations, non-coordinated succinate anions and hydrogen bonded water molecules. Within the dimeric cationic unit, each of the Cu atoms is octahedrally coordinated by four N atoms of both phen ligands and both O atoms of a carboxylate moiety of the bridging succinate group in chelating form. Through intermolecular π–π stacking interactions, the complex cations form positively charged 2-D layers, between which the non-coordinating succinate anions and water molecules are sandwiched. Both the electronic and EPR studies indicate that the dimeric complex undergoes partial dissociation in solution state to exist in two structural forms. The kinetic and thermodynamic parameters involved in three stage thermal decompositions of the dimeric complex could also be evaluated using Coats–Redfern method.

The solubility of nanocrystalline mechanocomposites with biologically active substances in the aqueous medium

Debonding of succinic and tartaric anions from mechanocomposites of these acids with talc and kaolinite and their transition into solution are investigated. It is found that under the experimental conditions, the talc-based composites get dissolved almost completely within 1 min. The dissolution of the composites of succinic acid and kaolinite occurs gradually within ∼20 min; the rate of dissolution is depending on activation time. The time necessary for dissolution of mechanocomposites of tartaric acid both with talc and with kaolinite is 1 min. Probable reasons of differences in the solubility of the composites are discussed.

Synthesis, structure, and characterization of hybrid materials: [Ce(H2O)]2[O2C(CH2)2CO2]3 and [Sm(H2O)]2[O2C(CH2)2CO2]3·H2O

The rare-earth dicarboxylate hybrid materials [Ce(H2O)]2[O2C(CH2)2CO2]3 ([Ce(Suc)]) and [Sm(H2O)]2[O2C(CH2)2CO2]3·H2O ([Sm(Suc)]) have been hydrothermally synthesized (200°C, 3 days) under autogenus pressure. [Ce(Suc)] is triclinic, a=7.961 (3)Å, b=8.176 (5)Å, c=14.32 (2)Å, α=97.07° (7), β=96.75° (8), γ=103.73° (6), and z=2. The crystal structure of this compound has been determined using 3120 unique single crystal data. The final refinements let the agreement factors R1 and wR2(F2) converge to 0.0138 and 0.0363, respectively. [Ce(Suc)] is built up from infinite chains of edge-sharing nine-fold coordinated cerium atoms running along [100]. These chains are interconnected by the carbon atoms of the succinate anions, leading to a three-dimensional hybrid framework. The cell constants of [Sm(Suc)], isotypic with monoclinic C2/c [Pr(H2O)]2[O2C(CH2)2CO2]3·H2O ([Pr(Suc)]), were refined starting from X-ray powder data: a=20.275 (3)Å, b=7.919 (6)Å, c=14.130 (3)Å, and β=121.45° (1). Despite its lower symmetry, [Ce(Suc)] presents an important structural filiation with [Sm(Suc)]

Syntheses and crystal structures of [Mn(H2O)4(bpy)]L · 4H2O, [Mn(H2O)4(bpy)]L′ · 4H2O and [Zn(H2O)4(bpy)]L · 4H2O (H2L = succinic acid, H2L′ = fumaric acid)

Reactions of freshly prepared M(OH)2 − 2 x (CO3) x · yH2O (M = Mn, Zn) and 4,4′-bipyridine (bpy) with succinic acid (H2L) or fumaric acid (H2L′) in CH3OH–H2O afforded [Mn(H2O)4(bpy)]L · 4H2O, 1, [Mn(H2O)4(bpy)]L′ · 4H2O, 2 and [Zn(H2O)4(bpy)]L · 4H2O, 3. The three coordination polymers are isostructural and consist of [M(H2O)4(bpy)2/2]2+ cationic chains, crystal H2O molecules and dicarboxylate anions (succinate or fumarate anions). Within the chains, the metal atoms are each octahedrally coordinated by four aqua oxygen atoms and two pyridyl nitrogen atoms from two 4,4′-bipyridine ligands. The crystal H2O molecules are hydrogen bonded to dicarboxylate anions to form ribbon-like anionic chains. The cationic and anionic chains are interconnected via hydrogen bonds to generate a 3D network. Crystal data: 1 triclinic, , a = 7.235(1), b = 7.749(2), c = 10.020(2) Å, α = 79.95(3), β = 88.79(3), γ = 71.39(3)°, V = 523.9(2) Å3 and D cal = 1.494 g cm−3 for Z = 1; 2 triclinic, , a = 7.127(1), b = 7.800(2), c = 9.945(2) Å, α = 80.26(3), β = 87.86(3), γ = 72.69(3)°, V = 520.2(2) Å3 and D cal = 1.498 g cm−3 for Z = 1; 3 triclinic, , a = 7.189(1), b = 7.764(2), c = 9.843(2) Å, α = 79.16(3), β = 87.80(3), γ = 71.29(3)°, V = 510.9(2) Å3 and D cal = 1.559 g cm−3 for Z = 1.

α-{3-[2-(Dimethylammonio)ethyl]-1H-indol-5-yl}-N-methylmethanesulfonamide succinate (sumatriptan succinate)

The title compound, C14H22N3O2S+·C4H5O4−, a well known agonist of the 5-hydroxy­trypt­amine receptor, consists of sumatriptan cations and succinate anions. The ten-membered indole ring system is planar. The succinate moiety is nearly perpendicular to the ethyl­amine side chain, with a (−)­synclinal conformation. The structure is stabilized by O—H⋯O, C—H⋯O and C—H⋯π intermolecular interactions.

A Novel 3D Framework Coordination Polymer based on Succinato bridged Helical Chains Connected by 4, 4' ‐ Bipyridine: [Cu(bpy)(H2O)2(C4H4O4)]?2H2O

AbstractBlue needle—shaped crystals of [Cu(bpy)(H2O)2(C4H4O4)]· 2H2O were obtained by slow evaporation of a methanolic aqueous solution containing a fresh Cu(C4H4O4)· 2H2O precipitate, 4, 4′—bipyridine, and ammonia. Within the complex, the six—coordinated Cu atoms are linked by bis—monodentate gauche succinate anions into chains propagating helically around the [001] axis. The chains are interconnected by 4, 4′—bipyridine ligands into a 3D framework with the crystal H2O molecules located in the channels along the [100], [010] and [110] directions. The Cu2+ ions are in distorted octahedral coordination of two nitrogen and four oxygen atoms (equatorial bonds: Cu—N 1.986(5), 2.015(5)Å; Cu—O 1.950(6), 1.954(6)Å; axial bonds Cu—O: 2.524(9), 2.539(8)Å). Furthermore, the thermal and magnetic behavior of the compound will be discussed. Crystal data: hexagonal, P61 (no. 169), a = 11.066(2)Å, c = 24.965(5)Å, V = 2647.5(8)Å3, Z = 6, R = 0.0528 and wR2 = 0.1103 for 1426 observed reflections (Fo2 > 2σ(Fo2)) out of 2170 unique reflections.

Bis(thiosemicarbazido-κ2N,S)nickel(II)–succinate–succinic acid (1/1/1)

The title ternary complex, [Ni(CH5N3S)2](C4H4O4)·C4H6O4, consists of a thio­semicarbazide-coordinated nickel cation, a succinate anion, and a neutral succinic acid mol­ecule, all of which are centrosymmetric. The Ni atom is four-coordinated in a planar geometry by N and S atoms from two symmetry-related thio­semicarbazide ligands. In the crystal structure, the three components are effectively linked together by mutual electrostatic interactions and hydrogen-bonding interactions of the N—H⋯O, C—H⋯O and O—H⋯O types.