Successive Years Of Study Research Articles

Impact of Kharif Rice Establishment Systems and Succeeding Tillage Practices on Rooting Behaviour of Succeeding Chickpea, Blackgram and Mustard

Background: The present experiment was designed to evaluate the role of emerging rice establishment systems compared with succeeding tillage practices in supporting the rooting behaviour of chickpea, blackgram and mustard grown in succession. Methods: The current experiment was conducted in kharif followed by rabi during 2021-22 and 2022-23 in a split-split plot design with three rice establishment methods as main plots during kharif followed by two tillage systems as sub plots and in each sub plot, chickpea, blackgran and mustard were grown as sub-sub plot during rabi, after the harvest of kharif rice. Results: Rabi crops grown after dry direct seeded rice following conventional tillage has recorded highest root length and root volume in chickpea (23.83 and 22.97 cm; 13.57 and 13.13 cc), blackgram (20.70 and 20.13 cm; 12.43 and 12.03 cc) and mustard (37.43 and 36.27 cm; 21.50 and 20.80 cc) during successive years of study i.e., 2021-22 and 2022-23, respectively.

Compatibility of sulfosulfuron and metsulfuron-methyl for the control of complex weed Phalaris minor in wheat through frontline demonstrations of eastern Uttar Pradesh

Front Line Demonstration is one of the most powerful tools for transfer of technology. The present study was undertaken to find out the yield gap through FLDs on wheat crop. Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Maharajganj, Eastern U.P. conducted 75 front line demonstration on wheat crop at farmers field of fifteen adopted villages during 2018-19 and 2019-20 for transfer of technology. In two consecutive year demonstration programme of improved wheat production technology on wheat variety HD 2967 demonstrate production potential and economic benefit of improved technologies consisting herbicidal management. Application of Sulfosulfuron + Metsulfuron 32 g/ha resulted in significantly lower plant population of Phalaris minor followed by effect of Isoproturon + 2,4-D (1000 + 500 g/ha) application resulted in more number of P. minor. Grain yield were significantly higher in treated plots as compared to the control Sulfosulfuron + Metsulfuron 32 g/ha gave maximum grain yield 36.05q/ha compared to control 22.85q/ha, which could possibly use for herbicides control in wheat crop with a considerable higher yield. The extension gap and technology gap were observed to be 13.20 q/ha, 13.95 q/ha respectively. The technology index (%) of 27.90%. Technology index was recorded to be decreased over the successive years of study the successive decreased value of technology index reflected the feasibility of the demonstrated technology in agro - climatic condition of eastern Uttar Pradesh.

Deciphering the sophomore slump: changes to student perceptions during the undergraduate journey

The second year of university is little-researched, despite being a focal point for declining performance, persistence, and satisfaction. It is important to establish appropriate methods for studying this ‘sophomore slump’ and to pinpoint specific antecedents from broad domains noted in literature (e.g. students’ social integration, perceptions of the curriculum). Using a novel methodology, 166 undergraduates were surveyed in successive years of study to derive a gold standard ‘within-subjects’ data sample. Under a replicated design, a ‘between-subjects’ sample of over 1000 students completed the same e-survey just once, in year one, two, or three. Quantitative comparison of the responses across years showed over 85% agreement between samples. This endorses between-subject approaches (i.e. simultaneously surveying students from different years) to facilitate rapid interventions that benefit students before they graduate. In terms of detailed findings, year two saw positive trends in students’ academic engagement (e.g. self-reported independent study time), social integration (e.g. feeling accepted, involvement in extra-curricular activities), and views on teaching staff (e.g. approachability). Although appraisals remained broadly favourable, there was, in contrast, significant deterioration in global perceptions of the learning atmosphere (e.g. course enjoyment), as well as specific elements of the teaching provision (e.g. contact hours, feedback). Notably, there appeared to be little progression in students’ academic self-perceptions (e.g. confidence to make presentations, enter class debates). Year two also saw increased thoughts of drop-out. These results highlight the unique character of the second year at university and indicate potential target areas for enhancing this phase of the undergraduate journey.

ECOLOGICAL STUDIES ON SOME MEALYBUG SPECIES ATTACKING MANDARIN TREES AND THEIR PREDATORY INSECTS AT MANSOURA DISTRICT

The present investigation was carried out to study the population density of the common mealybug species attacking mandarin trees and their predatory insects, also to evaluate the effect of certain weather factors on these insects. The obtained resultus revealed that there were four mealybug species infesting mandarin trees namely Planococcus citri Risso, Icerya seychellarum (Westwood), Icerya aegyptiaca Douglas and Icerya purchase Mask. The highest peak for P. citri in 15th of October 2010 and 15th of September 2012, for I. seychellarum, I. aegyptiaca and I. purchase recorded in the 15th of September 2011 and 2012during the two successive years of study, respectively. The maximum activity of Rodolia cardinalis (Mulsant) recorded in the beginning of October 2010 (31 indiv.) and in 15th of June 2012 (55 indiv.), Chrysoperla carnea (Steph.) recorded in 15th of June 2011 (21 indiv.) and in 15th of September 2012 (25 indiv.) and Nephus includens Kirsch in 15th of September 2011 (14 indiv.) and in 15th of June and 15th of September 2012 (16 indiv.) during the two successive years, respectively. The highest average number for I. purchasi, I. aegyptiaca, I. seychellarum and P. citri were recorded in summer during the two years. Statistical analysis showed a highly significant differences for each insect pest between the four seasons during the two successive years of study. The highest average number of R. cardinalis recorded in summer during the two years. Also, N. includens recorded in summer during the two seasons. Meanwhile, C. carnea recorded in spring during 2010/11 and in summer during 2011/12. Statistical analysis showed a highly significant differences for each insect predator between the four seasons during the two successive years. The predator-prey ratios ranged between 40.0 in the third week of January 2011 and 9.1 in the first week of August 2011. The ratios was narrowed during the period from May to August 2011 during the second year. This ratio ranged between 29.3 in 15th of January and 8.4 in 15th of May 2012. The ratio was narrowed during the period from April to August 2012 during the second year. Results of statistical analysis of simple correlation coefficient indicated that, the relationship between the mealybug species and their associated predator on mandarin trees showed a highly positive significant effect for R. cardinalis, N. includens and C. carnea during the two years of study. The maximum and minimum as well as average temperature showed a highly positive significant effects on the population density of I. purchasi, I. aegyptiaca, I. seychellarum, P. citri, R. cardinalis, N. includens and C. carnea. On the other hand, the maximum, minimum and average relative humidity showed a highly negative significant effects or negatively significant effects of the population density for the previously insects during the first year. Meanwhile, I. purchasi and I. seychellarum showed insignificantly effects with minimum relative humidity during the second year.

Response of 'Thompson Seedless' Grapevines to the Timing of Preharvest Irrigation Cut-Off

The effects of preharvest irrigation timing on 9Thompson Seedless9 was studied for a 5-year duration on a fine sandy loam soil location and for 1 year on a sandy soil location. An early (early July) and a late (early August) irrigation cut-off were compared through the maturation and harvest period each year. Measurable treatment differences included soil moisture tension values, shoot growth, berry size, total soluble solids per berry, cluster rot incidence, and raisin quality. Total vine yields were not affected. The important effects of the more prolonged period of higher soil moisture tensions from the early irrigation cut-off were reduced shoot growth and smaller berry size. Berry size reduction was more immediate in the sandy soil location — in the first year as compared to the 3rd year in the fine sandy loam soil. The early cut-off treatment effects tended to be accumulative in the successive years of study, resulting in a lower accumulation of total soluble solids per berry and lower raisin grades in addition to smaller berries in the 5th year of study.