Successful Targeting Research Articles

Inter-trial priming is not sufficient for feature-based distractor suppression

ABSTRACT Previous research has shown that observers can learn to suppress a salient distractor (e.g., a unique red item among green ones) when its salient feature (red) remains constant. Several authors suggested that such suppression builds up through repetition of the distractor’s salient feature via intertrial priming. Support for this account primarily comes from the finding that interference from a salient distractor is weaker when this distractor’s salient colour repeats on successive trials than when the distractor takes on the previous target’s colour. Here, we tested an alternative account, unrelated to distractor suppression, according to which this priming effect reflects increased distraction when the salient distractor shares the previous target’s colour rather than a decreased distraction when this distractor’s colour repeats. To dissociate the two accounts, we randomly selected the distractor and the other search items’ colours from four possible colours. Thus, on successive trials, the distractor and target colours could repeat, be new or swap. We found that relative to the new-colour condition, distractor interference increased when the distractor took on the previous target colour, but was unaffected by whether the distractor’s colour repeated. Our findings challenge the claim that intertrial priming accounts for distractor suppression.

PENERAPAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN COOPERATIVE LEARNING TIPE JIGSAW TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR SISWA

This research is motivated by the learning results of students in class VIII of SMP Negeri 4 Lahomi for the 2023/2024 academic year, that the increase in learning outcomes of students who are less active in learning is caused by the learning model used. The aim of this research is to determine the improvement in student learning outcomes through the application of the Jigsaw Type Cooperative Learning model in social studies subjects. This type of research is classroom action research (PTK), the subjects of this research are class VIII, totaling 28 people. The instruments used were learning outcomes tests, observation sheets and photo documentation. Based on the results of observations of teacher activities and student activities, learning improvements were obtained. For observations in cycle I, student learning outcomes increased from 57.14% to 78.75% in cycle II. And observing student activities increased from 69.57% in cycle I to 92.8% in cycle II. Student learning completion in cycle I was 69.57, but still did not meet the criteria for learning completeness. In cycle II, learning through the jigsaw type cooperative learning model experienced an increase with students' learning completeness being 100%, so they had met the criteria for learning completeness. Based on the level of student learning success, this has achieved the target of success. The conclusion of this research is that by implementing the jigsaw type cooperative learning model, student learning outcomes improve very well. Suggestions from researchers are that teachers should apply the Jigsaw Type Cooperative Learning Model to implement competency standards and basic competencies in social studies subjects systematically so that students master them completely and the results of this research should be used as comparison material for other researchers.

QbD-driven development and characterization of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONS) of a bone-targeting peptide for early detection of osteoporosis

Osteoporosis is a metabolic disorder that leads to deterioration of bones. The major challenges confronting osteoporosis therapy include early-stage detection and regular disease monitoring. The present studies employed D-aspartic acid octapeptide (-D-Asp-)8 as bone-targeting peptide for evaluating osteoporosis manifestation, and superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) as nanocarriers for MRI-aided diagnosis. Thermal decomposition technique was employed to synthesize SPIONs, followed by surface-functionalization with hydrophilic ligands. Failure mode effect analysis and factor screening studies were performed to identify concentrations of SPIONs and ligand as critical material attributes, and systematic optimization was subsequently conducted employing face-centered cubic design. The optimum formulation was delineated using desirability function, and design space demarcated with 178.70 nm as hydrodynamic particle size, –24.40 mV as zeta potential, and 99.89 % as hydrophilic iron content as critical quality attributes. XRD patterns ratified lattice structure and SQUID studies corroborated superparamagnetic properties of hydrophilic SPIONs. Bioconjugation of (-D-Asp-)8 with SPIONs (1:1) was confirmed using UV spectroscopy, FTIR and NMR studies. Cell line studies indicated successful targeting of SPIONs to MG-63 human osteoblasts, ratifying enormous bone-targeting and safety potential of peptide-tethered SPIONs as MRI probes. In vivo MRI imaging studies in rats showcased promising contrast ability and safety of peptide-conjugated SPIONs.

Implementation of Talking Stick Learning Model to Improve English Learning Outcomes in Islamic Elementary School

In English subjects, students tend to be embarrassed because they feel inadequate. With a talking stick, students must actively do something that the teacher asks them to do when they get a stick. The objective study of this research is how the implementation of talking stick in English subject, and how the learning outcomes of English can increase. The subject of this research is student of MI An-Nuriyah, class 4. Through Classroom Action Research methods, by qualitative analyze method, and collecting data by interview, observation, and documentation conducted at MI An-Nuriyah Bangkalan, there were significant results, including In cycle I, the percentage of learning outcomes obtained by students was 58.33% and experienced a significant increase in cycle II, classically the percentage of student learning outcomes reached 83.33%, this shows that the application of the Talking Stick Learning Model was successfully tested in subjects English. In cycle II, student learning outcomes exceeded the expected success target, namely ?80%.

Implementation of Talking Stick Learning Model to Improve English Learning Outcomes in Islamic Elementary School

In English subjects, students tend to be embarrassed because they feel inadequate. With a talking stick, students must actively do something that the teacher asks them to do when they get a stick. The objective study of this research is how the implementation of talking stick in English subject, and how the learning outcomes of English can increase. The subject of this research is student of MI An-Nuriyah, class 4. Through Classroom Action Research methods, by qualitative analyze method, and collecting data by interview, observation, and documentation conducted at MI An-Nuriyah Bangkalan, there were significant results, including In cycle I, the percentage of learning outcomes obtained by students was 58.33% and experienced a significant increase in cycle II, classically the percentage of student learning outcomes reached 83.33%, this shows that the application of the Talking Stick Learning Model was successfully tested in subjects English. In cycle II, student learning outcomes exceeded the expected success target, namely ?80%.

Dampak Bantuan Usaha Islamic Relief Bagi UMKM Masyarakat Huntap Duyu

The purpose of this research is to find out the impact of the Islamic Relief business assistance program for MSMEs in the Duyu community. Islamic Relief business assistance program for MSMEs specifically for the Duyu Huntap Community affected by the disaster. The research approach is qualitative research through the CIPP model evaluation method (context, input, process, product). Data was collected by conducting observations and based on program data search results starting from the beginning of the Islamic Relief Thematic KKN on September 11, 2023 to January 5, 2024. Data analysis techniques consist of data reduction, data presentation and conclusion drawing. The results of this study indicate that each aspect of CIPP has been implemented according to the procedure. The business assistance program for MSMEs in Duyu shelter is a form of post-disaster economic defense. This means that the development of the Islamic Relief business assistance program for MSMEs in the Duyu Huntap Community has been successful and has an impact on business actors in maintaining and starting a business. The context aspect shows that all forms of preparation in providing this program are carried out carefully so that they can have an impact on the success of the business assistance program for MSMEs in Duyu. The input aspect is designed according to the correct official legal umbrella. The process aspect is carried out starting from socialization activities to the distribution of business assistance for MSMEs to the Duyu Huntap community procedurally to have an impact on success targeting business actors who need business capital assistance. In the product aspect, it is known that the business assistance program for MSMEs has a good impact on the economic recovery of business actors in Huntap Duyu.

Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen: Gateway to Management of Advanced Prostate Cancer.

Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) as a transmembrane protein is overexpressed by prostate cancer (PC) cells and is accessible for binding antibodies or low-molecular-weight radioligands due to its extracellular portion. Successful targeting of PSMA began with the development of humanized J591 antibody. Due to their faster clearance compared to antibodies, small-molecule radioligands for targeted imaging and therapy of PC have been favored in recent development efforts. PSMA positron emission tomography (PET) imaging has higher diagnostic performance than conventional imaging for initial staging of high-risk PC and biochemical recurrence detection/localization. However, it remains to be demonstrated how to integrate PSMA PET imaging for therapy response assessment and as an outcome endpoint measure in clinical trials. With the recent approval of 177Lu-PSMA-617 by the US Food and Drug Administration for metastatic castration-resistant PC progressing after chemotherapy, the high value of PSMA-targeted therapy was confirmed. Compared to standard of care, PSMA-based radioligand therapy led to a better outcome and a higher quality of life. This review, focusing on the advanced PC setting, provides an overview of different approved and nonapproved PSMA-targeted imaging and therapeutic modalities and discusses the future of PSMA-targeted theranostics, also with an outlook on non-radiopharmaceutical-based PSMA-targeted therapies.

A cost-effective RNA extraction and RT-qPCR approach to detect California serogroup viruses from pooled mosquito samples

Mosquito-borne diseases pose ongoing global health concerns, demanding more cost-efficient methods to detect pathogens to support enhanced surveillance efforts. This study introduces an adapted TRIzol-based high-throughput RNA extraction protocol, tailored for the detection of California serogroup viruses in pooled mosquito samples in a rapid and cost-effective manner. This approach provided consistent RNA yields and sensitive viral detection relative to two commercial extraction kits (QIAGEN RNeasy Mini Kit and MACHEREY–NAGEL NucleoSpin RNA Plus Kit). The incorporation of a user-friendly and non-spiking-based RT-qPCR internal control designed for the 18S rRNA gene in mosquitoes minimizes potential false positives/negatives, improving the fidelity of viral detection outcomes. Effective RNA yields, purity, and successful target amplification across 25 mosquito species and varied pool sizes (1–50 mosquitoes per tube) affirm the reliability of our approach. The extraction method is cost-effective, with an incurred cost of $0.58 CAD per sample, in contrast to the $5.25 CAD cost per sample of the two kits, rendering it promising for mosquito-borne disease surveillance initiatives.

Dual-Targeted Metal Ion Network Hydrogel Scaffold for Promoting the Integrated Repair of Tendon-Bone Interfaces.

The tendon-bone interface has a complex gradient structure vital for stress transmission and pressure buffering during movement. However, injury to the gradient tissue, especially the tendon and cartilage components, often hinders the complete restoration of the original structure. Here, a metal ion network hydrogel scaffold, with the capability of targeting multitissue, was constructed through the photopolymerization of the LHERHLNNN peptide-modified zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (LZIF-8) and the WYRGRL peptide-modified magnesium metal-organic framework (WMg-MOF) within the hydrogel scaffold, which could facilitate the directional migration of metal ions to form a dynamic gradient, thereby achieving integrated regeneration of gradient tissues. LZIF-8 selectively migrated to the tendon, releasing zinc ions to enhance collagen secretion and promoting tendon repair. Simultaneously, WMg-MOF migrated to cartilage, releasing magnesium ions to induce cell differentiation and facilitating cartilage regeneration. Infrared spectroscopy confirmed successful peptide modification of nano ZIF-8 and Mg-MOF. Fluorescence imaging validated that LZIF-8/WMg-MOF had a longer retention, indirectly confirming their successful targeting of the tendon-bone interface. In summary, this dual-targeted metal ion network hydrogel scaffold has the potential to facilitate synchronized multitissue regeneration at the compromised tendon-bone interface, offering favorable prospects for its application in the integrated reconstruction characterized by the gradient structure.

Mechanisms of Melanoma Progression and Treatment Resistance: Role of Cancer Stem-like Cells.

Melanoma is the third most common type of skin cancer, characterized by its heterogeneity and propensity to metastasize to distant organs. Melanoma is a heterogeneous tumor, composed of genetically divergent subpopulations, including a small fraction of melanoma-initiating cancer stem-like cells (CSCs) and many non-cancer stem cells (non-CSCs). CSCs are characterized by their unique surface proteins associated with aberrant signaling pathways with a causal or consequential relationship with tumor progression, drug resistance, and recurrence. Melanomas also harbor significant alterations in functional genes (BRAF, CDKN2A, NRAS, TP53, and NF1). Of these, the most common are the BRAF and NRAS oncogenes, with 50% of melanomas demonstrating the BRAF mutation (BRAFV600E). While the successful targeting of BRAFV600E does improve overall survival, the long-term efficacy of available therapeutic options is limited due to adverse side effects and reduced clinical efficacy. Additionally, drug resistance develops rapidly via mechanisms involving fast feedback re-activation of MAPK signaling pathways. This article updates information relevant to the mechanisms of melanoma progression and resistance and particularly the mechanistic role of CSCs in melanoma progression, drug resistance, and recurrence.

Outcomes of Focal Pulsed Field Ablation for Paroxysmal Supraventricular Tachycardia

BackgroundPulsed field ablation (PFA) is primarily used for treatment of atrial fibrillation as it provides better safety and efficacy. However, there are limited data available on the use of PFA for paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (PSVT). The study sought to describe the outcomes of PSVT ablation with a novel focal contact force (CF)-sensing PFA. MethodsIn this first-in-human pilot study, a focal CF-sensing PFA catheter was used for mapping and ablation navigated with an electroanatomic mapping system (EAMS). Pulsed field energy was delivered as biphasic/bipolar electrical pulse trains with 2000 V/delivery. CF was controlled from 2 g to 10 g during PFA. ResultsProcedural acute success was achieved without general anaesthesia or conscious sedation in all 10 patients, including 7 patients diagnosed with typical atrioventricular nodal re-entrant tachycardias and 3 patients with orthodromic reciprocating tachycardias. Successful target ablation time was 2.0 ± 0.5 seconds per patient, and the acute procedural success at the first single site was achieved in 5 patients. The mean skin-to-skin procedure time was 79.4 ± 15 minutes, PFA catheter dwell time was 50.1 ± 14 minutes, and fluoroscopy time was 6.2 ± 7 minutes. Maintenance of sinus rhythm was observed in all patients within 6-month follow-up. No serious adverse events occurred in any subjects during PFA or during the 6-month follow-up. ConclusionsA focal CF-sensing PFA catheter could effectively, rapidly, and safely ablate PSVT in conscious patients. Clinical Trial RegistrationNCT05770921

Self-organized swarm robot for multi-target trapping based on self-regulated density interaction

In swarm robotics, multi-target trapping usually relies on global information or explicit communication, posing a challenge for robots to autonomously self-organize and trap multiple targets with only local perceptual data. We present a self-regulated density-based approach for self-organized multi-target trapping. This method employs density-based negative feedback control and density-distance weighted target selection. Our approach leverages distributed perception, where robots perceive nearby peers within their sensory range, eliminating the need for explicit information exchange and enabling autonomous trapping. During task execution, negative feedback control adjusts swarm density, ensuring it reaches an optimal level. Building on this, individual robots use density fields and relative target positions to select suitable targets, achieving self-regulated dispersed selection and multi-target trapping. We validate our approach through numerical simulations and real-world robot experiments. Results demonstrate stable self-organization, efficient self-regulated dispersed target selection, and successful target trapping, even with a limited number of trapping robots in low-redundancy scenarios.

Discovery of potent PROTAC degraders of Pin1 for the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia.

Peptidyl-prolyl cis/trans isomerase NIMA-interacting 1 (Pin1) is overexpressed and/or overactivated in many human cancers and has been shown to play a critical role during oncogenesis. Despite the potential of Pin1 as a drug target, its successful targeting has proved to be challenging. We speculate that only blocking the enzymatic function of Pin1 with inhibitors may not be sufficient to lead to a total loss-of-function. Here, we report the discovery of P1D-34, a first-in-class and potent PROTAC degrader of Pin1, which induced Pin1 degradation with a DC50 value of 177 nM and exhibited potent degradation-dependent anti-proliferative activities in a panel of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cell lines. In contrast, Pin1 inhibitor Sulfopin did not show activity. More significantly, P1D-34 could sensitize Bcl-2 inhibitor ABT-199 in Bcl-2 inhibitor-resistant AML cells, highlighting the potential therapeutic value of targeted Pin1 degradation for Bcl-2 inhibitor-resistant AML treatment. Further mechanism study revealed that P1D-34 led to the up-regulation of ROS pathway and down-regulation of UPR pathway to induce cell DNA damage and apoptosis. Notably, we further demonstrated that treatment with the combination formula of glucose metabolism inhibitor 2-DG and P1D-34 led to a notable synergistic anti-proliferative effect, further expanding its applicability. These data clearly reveal the practicality and importance of PROTAC as a preliminary tool compound suitable for assessment of Pin1-dependent pharmacology and a promising strategy for AML treatment.

Mobile robot path planning using deep deterministic policy gradient with differential gaming (DDPG-DG) exploration

Mobile robot path planning involves decision-making in uncertain, dynamic conditions, where Reinforcement Learning (RL) algorithms excel in generating safe and optimal paths. The Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient (DDPG) is an RL technique focused on mobile robot navigation. RL algorithms must balance exploitation and exploration to enable effective learning. The balance between these actions directly impacts learning efficiency.This research proposes a method combining the DDPG strategy for exploitation with the Differential Gaming (DG) strategy for exploration. The DG algorithm ensures the mobile robot always reaches its target without collisions, thereby adding positive learning episodes to the memory buffer. An epsilon-greedy strategy determines whether to explore or exploit. When exploration is chosen, the DG algorithm is employed. The combination of DG strategy with DDPG facilitates faster learning by increasing the number of successful episodes and reducing the number of failure episodes in the experience buffer. The DDPG algorithm supports continuous state and action spaces, resulting in smoother, non-jerky movements and improved control over the turns when navigating obstacles. Reward shaping considers finer details, ensuring even small advantages in each iteration contribute to learning.Through diverse test scenarios, it is demonstrated that DG exploration, compared to random exploration, results in an average increase of 389% in successful target reaches and a 39% decrease in collisions. Additionally, DG exploration shows a 69% improvement in the number of episodes where convergence is achieved within a maximum of 2000 steps.

An Optimized P. berghei Liver Stage-HepG2 Infection Model for Simultaneous Quantitative Bioimaging of Host and Parasite Nascent Proteomes.

The Plasmodium parasites that cause malaria undergo an obligate, asymptomatic developmental stage in the host liver before initiating the symptomatic blood-stage infection. The parasite liver stage is a key intervention point for antimalarial chemoprophylaxis: successful targeting of liver-stage parasites prevents disease development in individuals and can help to reduce parasite transmission in populations, as the gametocyte forms that transmit infection to mosquitos are exclusively found in the blood stage. Antimalarial drugs that can target multiple parasite stages are thus highly desirable, and one emerging cellular target for such multistage active compounds is the process of protein synthesis or translation. Quantitative study of liver stage translation, and thus mechanistic evaluation of translation inhibitors against liver stage parasites, is not amenable to the methods allowing quantification of asexual blood stage translation, such as radiolabeled amino acid incorporation or lysate-based translation of reporter transcripts. Here, we present a method using o-propargyl puromycin (OPP) labeling of host and parasite nascent proteomes in the P. berghei-HepG2 infection model, followed by automated confocal image acquisition and computational separation of P. berghei vs. H. sapiens nascent proteome signals to allow simultaneous readout of the effects of translation inhibitors on both host and parasite. This protocol details our HepG2 cell culture and infected monolayer handling optimized for microscopy, our OPP labeling workflow, and our approach to automated confocal imaging, image processing, and data analysis. Key features • Uses the o-propargyl puromycin labeling technique developed by Liu et al. to quantitatively analyze protein synthesis in Plasmodium berghei liver-stage parasites in actively translating hepatoma cells. • This quantitative approach should be adaptable for other puromycin-sensitive intracellular pathogens residing in actively translating host cells. • The P. berghei-infected HepG2 recovery and reseeding protocol presented here is of use in applications beyond nascent proteome labeling and quantification.

Integrating text mining with network models for successful target identification: in vitro validation in MASH-induced liver fibrosis.

An in silico target discovery pipeline was developed by including a directional and weighted molecular disease network for metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH)-induced liver fibrosis. This approach integrates text mining, network biology, and artificial intelligence/machine learning with clinical transcriptome data for optimal translational power. At the mechanistic level, the critical components influencing disease progression were identified from the disease network using in silico knockouts. The top-ranked genes were then subjected to a target efficacy analysis, following which the top-5 candidate targets were validated in vitro. Three targets, including EP300, were confirmed for their roles in liver fibrosis. EP300 gene-silencing was found to significantly reduce collagen by 37%; compound intervention studies performed in human primary hepatic stellate cells and the hepatic stellate cell line LX-2 showed significant inhibition of collagen to the extent of 81% compared to the TGFβ-stimulated control (1μM inobrodib in LX-2 cells). The validated in silico pipeline presents a unique approach for the identification of human-disease-mechanism-relevant drug targets. The directionality of the network ensures adherence to physiologically relevant signaling cascades, while the inclusion of clinical data boosts its translational power and ensures identification of the most relevant disease pathways. In silico knockouts thus provide crucial molecular insights for successful target identification.

Personalized Medicine in Severe Asthma: From Biomarkers to Biologics.

Severe asthma is a complex and heterogeneous clinical condition presented as chronic inflammation of the airways. Conventional treatments are mainly focused on symptom control; however, there has been a shift towards personalized medicine. Identification of different phenotypes driven by complex pathobiological mechanisms (endotypes), especially those driven by type-2 (T2) inflammation, has led to improved treatment outcomes. Combining biomarkers with T2-targeting monoclonal antibodies is crucial for developing personalized treatment strategies. Several biological agents, including anti-immunoglobulin E, anti-interleukin-5, and anti-thymic stromal lymphopoietin/interleukin-4, have been approved for the treatment of severe asthma. These biological therapies have demonstrated efficacy in reducing asthma exacerbations, lowering eosinophil count, improving lung function, diminishing oral corticosteroid use, and improving the quality of life in selected patients. Severe asthma management is undergoing a profound transformation with the introduction of ongoing and future biological therapies. The availability of novel treatment options has facilitated the adoption of phenotype/endotype-specific approaches and disappearance of generic interventions. The transition towards precision medicine plays a crucial role in meticulously addressing the individual traits of asthma pathobiology. An era of tailored strategies has emerged, allowing for the successful targeting of immune-inflammatory responses that underlie uncontrolled T2-high asthma. These personalized approaches hold great promise for improving the overall efficacy and outcomes in the management of severe asthma. This article comprehensively reviews currently available biological agents and biomarkers for treating severe asthma. With the expanding repertoire of therapeutic options, it is becoming increasingly crucial to comprehend the influencing factors, understand the pathogenesis, and track treatment progress in severe asthma.

INVESTIGATING THE USE OF FORMAL AND INFORMAL SUPPORTS BY OLDER ADULTS LIVING ALONE WITH MULTIPLE CHRONIC CONDITIONS

Abstract Older adults living alone with multiple chronic health conditions and/or functional limitations are at an increased risk for experiencing unmet needs and associated negative outcomes. Formal and informal support services benefit older adults by addressing unmet needs, making this population a common target among clinical interventions aiming to increase levels of support. To further our understanding of this vulnerable population, this investigation describes unmet needs and assistance with tasks in a sample of older adults living alone with chronic conditions (n=38). Baseline data collected from a randomized controlled pilot study was used for descriptive analyses. Participants average age was 77.1 (SD=11.6), 42.1% identify as Black, and 68.4% identify as female. On average, participants reported 6.0 (SD=3.7) chronic health conditions and 52.6% reported difficulty with two or more daily living tasks. Nearly 90% of participants reported at least one unmet need, with 60.5% having four or more (M=6.1, SD=5.2). Interestingly, 71.1% of participants reported receiving assistance from family/friends (M=2.8, SD=2.9) and 86.8% reported receiving assistance from service providers (M=3.1, SD=2.4) with at least one task in the past 3 months. Only one participant reported receiving no assistance. Family/friends most frequently assisted with household chores (47.4%), transportation (44.7%), and emotional support (39.5%). Service providers most frequently assisted with transportation (50.0%), emotional support (31.6%), and getting information about a health problem (31.6%). These findings provide insight on the formal and informal support services used by older adults who live alone and the individual characteristics that could make specific sub-groups successful clinical intervention targets.

Efforts to Improve Calculating Ability Through Meronce Activities at Shekinah Preschool School

This research aims to improve counting skills through bead stringing activities in 5-6-year-old children at Shekinah Waisai Early Childhood Education. The use of bead stringing as a medium engages children directly in the learning process. This study employed a collaborative classroom action research method, which involved cooperation with the class teacher in the research implementation. The research model used was the classroom action research model emphasizing the implementation process developed by Kemmis and Mc. Taggart. The subjects of this research were 12 children aged 5-6 years. Data collection methods involved the use of observation sheets (checklists), and data analysis was conducted quantitatively. The findings of this research show that color recognition skills can be improved through bead stringing activities. In the learning process, children were given the opportunity to engage in bead stringing activities using various simple and appealing bead stringing materials. The results gradually improved, as observed during the pre-action stage, reaching 61%. It further increased in the first meeting of cycle I to 61%, and increased again in the second meeting to 64%. Counting skills improved in cycle II, reaching 72% in the first meeting, and further increased to 83% in the second meeting, achieving the success target set by the researcher.

Peran Housekeeping Dalam Operasional Hotel

The changing dynamics of the hospitality industry are currently growing significantly, along with tourist demand. The scope, responsibility, and the central role of each department is very important in the hotel, due to achieve the Company's success target for the products offered. Cleanliness, tidiness, comfort, and beauty of hotels are crucial and mandatory things to standardize. The housekeeping department plays a majority of hotel role as a knowledge and undertanding. This research aims to explain the significant role of hotel housekeeping in hotel operations. This research adopted a qualitative approach. Data was obtained from literature reviews, structured interviews with several housekeeper leaders, and empirical studies. Purposive sampling has been chosen to determine the number of samples that represent the population. In this research, role theory is the main basis for studying the problem. Our analysis confirms that the dominant role of hotel housekeeping has an impact on 6 main role components and consists of 19 specific role indicators that can be directly operationalized in practice in the field.