Successive Extraction Method Research Articles

Investigation on Antimalarial Activity of Rhizome of Zingiber cassumunar Roxb. (Meik-tha-lin-oot)

This research aims to investigate the antimalarial activity of rhizome of Zingiber cassumunar Roxb. (Meik-tha-lin-oot). The preliminary phytochemical investigation revealed the presence of a-amino acids, carbohydrates, glycosides, organic acids, phenolic compounds, reducing sugars, saponins, starch and terpenoids. The various crude extracts such as PE (7.11%), 95% EtOH (3.44%), EtOAc (1.64%) and H2O (1.44%) extracts were prepared by successive solvent extraction method. Curcumin (orange amorphous crystal, 0.00317% yield, M.pt=183ºC) was isolated from EtOAc crude extract by using thin layer and column hromatographic separation techniques and identified by comparing with UV and FTIR spectral data of the standard curcumin. In vitro antimalarial activities of curcumin, ethanol and watery extracts were screened by using the reported method. The ethanol and watery extracts had no antimalarial activity (EC50 values=398.07 µg/ml and 501.00 µg/ml) whereas the isolated compound, curcumin was found to inhibit the growth of Plasmodium falciparum (EC50=101.74 µg/ml). On the other hand, the isolated compound, curcumin exhibited the moderate antimalarial activity and may be used as a potential compound to be tested for newer antimalarial agent.

In vitro Callus Induction of Coccinia indica (W. and A) and Analysis of Its Phytochemical, Antimicrobial, Antioxidant and α-Amylase Inhibitory Activity - A Comparative Study

In the present study an attempt has been made to evaluate the phytochemical, antimicrobial, antioxidant and α-amylase inhibitory activity of Coccinia indica (W. and A) leaf extracts using four solvents and compare it with the callus extracts. Callus was initiated from the leaf explants of C. indica with 90% efficiency using MS medium supplemented with BAP (1 mg/l) + NAA (0.2 mg/l). Successive extraction method of C.indica was found to be an efficient method of extraction and methanol was observed to be the best suited solvent for the extraction of phytochemicals and macromolecules that were responsible for antimicrobial, antioxidant and α-amylase inhibition. GC-MS analysis of C. indica has confirmed the presence of bioactive compounds (Example: 9-Octadecanoic acid, 2-octadecycloxy ethyl ester (100%) in successive methanolic callus extract) in all the extracts where the FTIR analysis has confirmed the presence of various important functional groups of the identified bioactive compounds. Successive methanol extract of callus of C. indica was found to be the potent antimicrobial agent with drug efflux pump inhibitor property against 5 bacterial strains, Klebsiella pneumoniae (ATCC700603), Escherichia coli (ATCC25922), Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923), Proteus mirabilis (ATCC 25933) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (clinical isolate) and 3 fungal strains, Candida albicans (IFM 40009), Candida tropicalis (IFM 55058) and Candida krusei (IFM 46521). Successive methanol extract of callus of C. indica was found to be an efficient antioxidant agent and an efficient α-amylase inhibitor, which proves it to be a potent anti-diabetic agent with IC50 concentration to be 82.5µg/ml. This study is one of the strong evidence for this plant to be used by the traditional practitioners as a phytopharmaceutical agent.

Quality Standard of Safoof razyanaj: A Unani Polyherbal Powder Formulation

Objectives: Safoof razyanaj (SR) a Unani polyherbal powder formulation used in dyspepsia, distension of stomach and anorexia. Standardization data of SR. by using scientific analytical procedures was established. Methods: Cleaned and dried powder of plant drug was prepared as per the method described in UPI. SR formulation was evaluated using physicochemical tests: powder characterization, extractive value, alcohol and water-soluble matter, Ash value, LOD at 105°C, pH and HPTLC fingerprinting. Results: SR color was light brown, aromatic and sweetish in taste. Physicochemical parameters expressed as mean values of the three readings showed loss of weight on drying, total ash, acid insoluble ash and watersoluble ash as 4.62 ± 0.10, 4.95 ± 0.05, 1.83 ± 0.03 and 2.10 ± 0.03 respectively. The Bulk density, tapped density, angle of repose, Hauser’s ratio and compressibility index were 0.46 ± 0.01, 0.56 ± 0.00, 35.62 ± 0.45, 1.23 ± 0.00 and 19.24 ± 0.59 respectively, pH of 1% and 10% solution were 4.78 ± 0.03 and 5.08±0.02 respectively. Extractive values in petroleum ether, benzene and ethyl alcohol by successive extraction method were 11.24 ± 0.14, 2.08 ± 0.04 and 6.73 ± 0.10 respectively. Extractive values in petroleum ether, benzene, ethyl alcohol and water by non-successive extraction method were 11.24 ± 0.14, 15.44 ± 0.24, 32.20 ± 0.13 and 34.28 ± 0.18 respectively. Qualitative analysis showed presence of alkaloid, tannin, terpenoid, protein, carbohydrate, phenol, glycoside, flavonoid and saponin. HPTLC fingerprinting data of SR in methanolic extract and mobile phase toluene: ethyl acetate: formic acid (5:4:1) was set in. Conclusion: Standardization data of SR was obtained. Key words: Safoof razyanaj, Standardization, Unani, Powder, Formulation.

Anti-arthritic Evaluation of Different Extracts of Boerhaavia diffusa Linn. in FCA Induced Arthritis In Rats

The main aim of study is to evaluate the anti-arthritic effect of different extracts of Boerhaavia diffusa in arthritic rats. Different extracts were prepared by successive solvent extraction methods by using the various polar and non polar solvents and their % yields were calculated. Arthritis was induced by FCA induced arthritis model in rats and paw volume was measured on different days. Body weights of all animals were also measured simultaneously and at the end of experiment some haematological parameters were measured. On preliminary phytochemical studies extracts showed the presence of alkaloids, fatty acids, terpenoids, flavonoids and phenolic compounds. Among all extracts, methanolic extract significantly decreased the paw volume in all treated groups. Methanolic extracts also restored the body weight significantly. The results of our study revealed that all the extracts treated group’s causes significant alterations in the hematological parameters and maximal effects were observed at 400 mg/kg. Since methanolic extract showed best activity in arthritic model and its phytochemical study showed presence of flavonoids and phenolic compounds, so it may be possible that anti-arthritic activity of root extracts may be due to presence flavonoids. 
 Keywords: Arthritis, FCA induced arthritis, Boerhaavia diffusa, haematological parameters, and Body weight

A novel strategy for isolation and determination of sugars and sugar alcohols from conifers

The ultrasound-assisted extraction method for isolation of 17 sugars and sugar alcohols from conifers with a subsequent hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method for their determination is proposed. The optimization of extraction parameters was carried out using Taguchi – L9 (34) orthogonal array experimental design for the following parameters—a methanol concentration in the extraction solution, an extraction time, a type of plant sample and an extraction temperature. The optimal ultrasound-assisted extraction conditions were—MeOH concentration – 30% (water – 70%), extraction time – 30 min, type of plant sample – II (grinded leaves 2–4 mm long), extraction temperature – 60 °C. Pure water and acetonitrile were used as eluents in gradient elution mode to separate the analytes. Direct determination of multiple sugars and sugar alcohols was carried out using a mass spectrometric detector operated in a multiple reaction monitoring mode, providing detection limits in the range between 0.1 and 20 ng/mL and good analytical characteristics of the method without derivatization. The developed approach was validated by multiple successive extraction method applied to test its performance on a series of 10 samples, i.e. 2 samples per each of 5 genera: Abies, Larix, Picea, Pinus (Pinaceae) and Juniperus (Cupressaceae), widely distributed in the boreal conifer forests of Eurasia. The novel strategy can be used for profiling of sugars and sugar alcohols in a wide range of plant species.

IN VITRO ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITIES OF DIFFERENT SOLVENT EXTRACTS OF CAJANUS CAJAN L. SEED COAT AND COTYLEDON

Objectives: The present study was conducted to assess the antibacterial activity of seed coat and cotyledon of Cajanus cajan with various solvents such as petroleum ether, chloroform, ethanol, and aqueous.Methods: The crude extracts were obtained using Soxhlet successive extraction method. The antibacterial activity of seed coat and cotyledon extracts at different concentration (50 and 100 mg/mL) was evaluated against certain pathogenic Gram-positive bacteria of Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Streptococcus pneumoniae and Gram-negative bacteria of Salmonella typhi, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa by agar well diffusion assay.Results: The results show that the ethanolic extract of seed coat had highest activity against B. subtilis (22.0±0.13 mm). Whereas, the aqueous extract of cotyledon had highest activity against S. aureus (20.0±0.02 mm) and S. typhi (20.0±0.04 mm) at 100 mg/mL. The S. pneumoniae and P. aeruginosa were completely resistant to all extracts of seed coat. Similarly, S. pneumoniae, K. pneumoniae, E. coli, and P. aeruginosa were totally resistant to all tested cotyledon extracts. The phytochemical results show the presence of alkaloids, steroids, phenols, flavonoids, tannins, lignins, glycosides, and absence of saponins in seed coat and cotyledon.Conclusion: This study shows that C. cajan seed coat and cotyledon had potential antibacterial activity against B. subtilis, S. aureus, and S. typhi. These extracts may be exploited for the development of antimicrobial and alternative remedies for infections and diseases caused by respective pathogens.

Evaluation of the therapeutic effects of Artemisia absinthium L. on pseudopregnancy model in rats

Researchers have been investigating new treatment strategies for the management of pseudopregnancy, due to some long term causes of this disease including mastitis and mammary tumor. Owing to the side effects of hormone therapy, much attention has been focused on more tolerable treatment options including natural remedies. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the therapeutic effects of Artemisia absinthium L. (wormwood) on pseudopregnancy model in rats. A. absinthium, which is a perennial shrubby plant from Asteraceae family, was reported to be used as an emmenagogue in folk medicine and was previously shown to modulate dopaminergic system. In the present study, pseudopregnancy model was induced in female Sprague–Dawley rats by injection of pregnant mare’s serum gonadotropin and human chorionic gonadotropin. The petroleum ether, dichloromethane and methanol extracts of A. absinthium, prepared by successive extraction method, were orally administered to the rats at 100 mg/kg dose, once daily for 10 days. Bromocriptine (3 mg/kg/per os) was administered to the reference group animals. At the end of the experiment, all of the animals were sacrificed, the blood samples, ovaries and uterine tissues were taken for histopathological and biochemical analysis. According to the results of the present study, the petroleum ether extract displayed beneficial effects in pseudopregnancy model in rats when compared with the control group. Therefore, Gas Chromatography analysis was conducted on this extract to reveal its phytochemical profile.

LC-MS determination of steroidal glycosides from Dioscorea deltoidea Wall cell suspension culture: Optimization of pre-LC-MS procedure parameters by Latin Square design

In this paper, the ultrasound assisted extraction method for isolation of steroidal glycosides from D. deltoidea plant cell suspension culture with a subsequent HPLC-MS determination was developed. After the organic solvent was selected via a two-factor experiment the optimization via Latin Square 4 × 4 experimental design was carried out for the following parameters: extraction time, organic solvent concentration in extraction solution and the ratio of solvent to sample. It was also shown that the ultrasound assisted extraction method is not suitable for isolation of steroidal glycosides from the D. deltoidea plant material. The results were double-checked using the multiple successive extraction method and refluxing extraction. Optimal conditions for the extraction of steroidal glycosides by the ultrasound assisted extraction method were: extraction time, 60 min; acetonitrile (water) concentration in extraction solution, 50%; the ratio of solvent to sample, 400 mL/g. Also, the developed method was tested on D. deltoidea cell suspension cultures of different terms and conditions of cultivation. The completeness of the extraction was confirmed using the multiple successive extraction method.

Antimicrobial Activity of Chromolaena odorata Against Selected Pyogenic Pathogens

A study of antimicrobial activity of the solvent extracts of Chromolaena odorata against the selected pyogens such as Staphlylococcus epidermidis, Streptococcus pyogenes, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Candida albican. The plant materials were organoleptically evaluvated and pulverized. Using petroleum ether, benzene, chloroform, ethyl acetate, ethanol and water the plant material was subjected to Successive Solvent Extraction method. These extracts were screened for phytochemical components and tested for antimicrobial properties against the pyogens. The efficacy of the plant extracts was compared with the commercial antibiotics. When comparing all the extracts of C.odorata, the ethanolic extract showed more efficacy than the other extracts

Aliphatic hydrocarbons recovered in vegetables from soils based on their in-situ distribution in various soil humus fractions using a successive extraction method

Aliphatic hydrocarbons (AHs) are major petroleum contaminants in the environment. In this study, the AHs bound to various soil endogenetic humus fractions were separated through successive extraction. Most of the AHs (46.1%) in soils were adsorbed onto/into humic acids (HA) and a small quantity of AHs (9.6%) were organic solvent extractable. AHs in B. chinensis were also analyzed since their potential risks to the residents through ingestion. AHs from C21 to C34, so called high molecular weight AHs (HMWAHs), were dominant AHs in B. chinensis (85.5%) and soils (70.4%), followed by AHs from C16 to C21, whose mobility can be enhanced via binding to fulvic acids and then can be taken up by plant root lipids (soil-plant pathway). HMWAHs were mainly HA-bound and then were detained in the top soil layers. HMWAHs associated with fine topsoil particles could be transported to B. chinensis via the soil-air-plant pathway, including resuspension and aboveground plant cuticle capture. Results from Principal Component Analysis combined with Regression Analysis supported this assumption due to the positive correlations between HMWAHs concentration in B. chinensis and fine particle contents in soils. This work presents the distributions of petroleum contaminants that result from previously described behavior mechanisms.

Antioxidant potentials of successive solvent extracts from the unexplored Hedhychium coronarium rhizome.

Hedychium coronarium Koen. is considered as an endemic medicinal plant. In the current research antioxidant potential of six different extracts obtained by the successive solvent extraction method from the unexplored H. coronarium rhizome was evaluated. Various in vitro assays were performed to achieve the aim and variation in scavenging potential of the six extracts, in addition to quantification of phenolic and flavonoid compounds was done by HPLC. Among the six extracts, methanolic extract have showed highest Total phenolic content (TPC), metal chelation activity and free radical scavenging potential against DPPH, ABTS and superoxide anions as compared to other extracts. The highest scavenging potential against nitric oxide and hypochlorus acid was shown by acetone extract. The variation in anti-oxidant activity of the extracts may be due to the phyto-constituents present in different solvents. A significant correlation (r2=0.864) was established between antioxidant and TPC of H. coronarium from principle component analysis. Thus the present study provides strong evidence that rhizome extract of H. coronarium is a potential source of bioactive compounds and can be used as a remedy for diseases caused due to oxidative stress. Reported results could be helpful to develop novel drugs for the management of oxidative stress and associated diseases.

A method to extract successive velocity pulses governing structural response from long-period ground motion

A series of relatively long-period velocity pulses appearing in the later part of ground motion, which is the characterization of far-source long-period ground motions in basin (“long-period ground motion” for short), is mainly influenced by focal mechanism, basin effect, and dispersion. It was supposed that the successive low-frequency velocity pulses in long-period ground motion caused the resonance of long-period structures in basin, which are of special concern to designers of super high-rise buildings. The authors proposed a wavelet-based successive frequency-dependent pulse extraction (WSFPE) method to identify and extract these pulses with dominant period of interest from long-period ground motions. The pulses extracted by using two frequently used methods (zero-crossing analysis, empirical mode decomposition) were compared to the pulses extracted by using WSFPE. The results demonstrate that the WSFPE provides higher resolution in time–frequency domain than the other two methods do. The velocity pulses extracted by using WSFPE are responsible for the resonance and maximum response of structure subjected to long-period ground motions. WSFPE can be used to make a better understanding of long-period ground motions and to promote the formation of long-period ground motion model which will help the seismic design of long-period structures built in sedimentary basin.

English

The present studies cover antibacterial activity of 15 crude extracts (5 extracts each from hexane, dichloromethane and methanol) from five ethnomedicinal plants viz. Anaphalis nepalensis, Piptanthus nepalensis, Senecio raphanifolius, Thermopsis barbata and Thermopsis inflate collected from Sagarmatha region of Nepal against one Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) and three Gram-negative (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aureginosa and Klebsiella pneumonia) bacterial strains. Plants used to treat at least one ailment considered to be caused by bacterial infection were identified and further investigated for their antibacterial activity. Crude extracts were obtained by the successive extraction method and examined in-vitro using the agar well diffusion process. Among 15 extracts examined, 13 (86 %) extracts showed antibacterial property against Staphylococcus aureus followed by 8 (53 %) extracts against Escherichia coli and 6 (40 %) extracts each against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumonia. Plant extracts were more likely to inhibit Grampositive bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus. With respect to Gram-negative bacteria, it was more common for plant extracts to inhibit Escherichia coli than Pseudomonas aeruginosa or Klebsiella pneumonia. Overall, 86 % of plant extracts showed activity against Gram-positive test bacteria, and 45 % showed activity against Gramnegative test bacteria. This research results will promote to search for alternative, inexpensive and simply available antibacterial of plant origin.

In vitro evaluation of antioxidant and cytotoxic activities of lignin fractions extracted from Acacia nilotica

Lignin is one of the most important phytomacromolecule with diverse therapeutic properties such as anticancer, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and immune-stimulatory. The present study was carried out to evaluate the in vitro antioxidant, free radical scavenging and anti-proliferative/cytotoxic activities of eleven different lignin fractions, extracted from the wood of Acacia nilotica by pressurized solvent extraction (PSE) and successive solvent extraction (SSE) methods. Results indicate that the PSE fractions have high polyphenolic content and reducing power. However, the antioxidant efficiency examined by DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging assay was higher in SSE fractions. All lignin fractions revealed a significant ability to scavenge nitric oxide, hydroxyl and superoxide radicals. The extracted lignin fractions display high ferric ion reducing capacity and also possess excellent antioxidant potential in the hydrophobic (linoleic acid) system. Fractions extracted by polar solvent has the highest iron (Fe2+) chelating activity as compared to other factions, indicating their effect on the redox cycling of iron. Four lignin fractions depicted higher cytotoxic potential (IC50: 2–15μg/mL) towards breast cancer cell line (MCF-7) but were ineffective (IC50: ≥100μg/mL) against normal primary human hepatic stellate cells (HHSteCs). These findings suggest that the lignin extracts of A. nilotica wood has a remarkable potential to prevent disease caused by the overproduction of radicals and also seem to be a promising candidate as natural antioxidant and anti-cancer agents.

Assessing the Bioavailability of Metals in Biosolids-Treated Soils

Plant-availability of metals in biosolids-treated soils may be mathematically described by Mt = C × [1 − e- (k × t)] where Mt (mg kg-1) is the cumulative metal removal from the biosolids-treated soils by growing and harvesting plants for t years, C is the total phytoavailable metal pool of the soil (mg kg-1) at t = 0, and k is the metal absorption rate coefficient (yr-1). The total available metal pool, C, is defined as metals extractable by organic acids in the rhizosphere of growing plants and k is related to the kinetics of metal release by organic acids. Half-life of the available metals in biosolids-amended soils may be derived from k. Experiments were conducted to characterize the concentration and composition of the organic acids. A successive extraction method was used to extract metals from biosolids-treated soils for determinging C and k. In this manner, the plant available metals of the bioslids-treated soils are defined by the total avialble metals, half-life, and duration of plant growing. Examples showed that the total available metals of the biosolids-amended were 18 to 39, 0.12 to 2.0, 7.4 to 13, 24 to 46, 1.2 to 2.1, and 43 to 53% of the total Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni. Pb, and Zn in the soils. ISBN: 9781780404127 (eBook)

Comparative Estimation of Plumbagin in Aerial and Root Part of Plumbago zeylanica Using UV-Visible Spectrophotometric

Plumbago zeylanicais one such important medicinal plant which is being used the world over in the traditional system of medicines. The plant is being used extensively in commercial preparations of medicines. The plumbagin present in different parts of Plumbago zeylanica as active constituent and it imparts wide range of biological activities. In the present study we planned to check the concentration of plumbagin present in aerial and root of Plumbago zeylanica. The petroleum ether, ethanol and aqueous extracts were prepared from the aerial and root of Plumbago zeylanica by successive extraction method. The phytochemical investigation of Plumbago zeylanica exhibited maximum phytoconstituents along flavonoids and polyphenol present in ethanol and aqueous extracts. While the petroleum ether extract of aerial and root contains steroid. The Plumbagin content in ethanol extract of aerial and root of Plumbago zeylanica was estimated from the calibration graph plotted from pure plumbagin. The findings of study indicate that concentration of plumbagin in aerial part of Plumbago zeylanica is maximum compared to root.

Evaluation of Antioxidant and Anticholinesterase Potential of Bark Extracts of Alstonia Scholaris

The present study was carried out to investigate the in-vitro antioxidant and anticholinesterase potential of the bark extracts of Alstonia scholaris. The ethylacetate and methanolic extracts of the bark was prepared by successive soxhlet extraction method. The in-vitro antioxidant and anticholinesterase activity were assessed by DPPH assay and rat brain cholinesterase assay. The results of the study show that the ethyl acetate and methanolic extracts possess significant antioxidant and cholinesterase inhibitory activity.

Free radical-scavenging activities of Homalium species – An endangered medicinal plant of Eastern Ghats of India

Three species of the genus Homalium – e.g. Homalium nepalense, Homalium tomentosum and Homalium zeylanicum (Flacourtiaceae) – are recorded in India which are confined to the Eastern Ghat hill ranges. While H. zeylanicum is the IUCN red-listed medium-sized tree, the other two are endangered species of medicinal significance. The antioxidant potential of leaf and bark of the plants was evaluated through successive extraction methods by using hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and methanol. The extracts were subjected to in vitro assays as DPPH, hydroxyl, nitric oxide and superoxide along with its biochemical estimation. Amongst all, the ethyl acetate extracts of bark is found to be most potent compared with that of the leaves. H. nepalense has the highest amount of total phenolic and flavonoid contents followed by H. tomentosum and H. zeylanicum, respectively, and significant antioxidant behaviour.

IN VITRO ANTIOXIDANT AND ALPHA-AMYLASE, ALPHA-GLUCOSIDASE INHIBITORY ACTIVITY OF FLOWERS OF CALOTROPIS GIGANTEA

The present investigations were carried out to evaluate the in vitro antioxidant as well as antidiabetic activity of flowers of Calotropis gigantea. Different extracts (petroleum ether, chloroform and ethanolic extract) were prepared using successive solvent extraction method (soxhlet) and screened for its in vitro antioxidant activity using Diphenyl picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity, ABT S radical cation decolorization assay and nitric oxide (NO) radical scavenging activity and IC50 were calculated. In vitro antidiabetic activity was studied using α – amylase and α – glucosidase inhibitory assay. Chloroform extract, among the three extracts (i.e. petroleum ether, chloroform and ethanolic), showed maximum antioxidant activity with IC50 value of 151.23µg/ml, 73.56 µg/ml and 158.92µg/ml against DPPH radical scavenging activity, ABTS radical cation decolorization assay and nitric oxide (NO) radical scavenging activity respectively. The chloroform extract produced a significant in vitro antidiabetic activity with IC50 of 52.3µg/ml 18.2µg/ml against α – amylase and α – glucosidase enzymes but less inhibitory effect than standard acarbose.

Studies on Coriandrum sativum linn seed of different origin of Bangladesh for its essential oil, fatty oil and micronutrients

Four varieties of Coriandrum sativum Linn seed from different origin of Bangladesh such as Brahmanbaria, Faridpur, Keranigonj, Sirajgonj and one variety of Coriandrum sativum Linn seed powder of widely used brand "Radhuni" was collected from the local market. Comparative study of the collected samples and derived oils for proximate analysis, physico-chemical characteristics, essential oils, fatty oils compositions and micronutrient analysis were performed. In proximate analysis carbohydrate, protein, fiber, fat, ash and energy contents were calculated for the five varieties. The samples were extracted by hydro-distillation and it was found that the coriander seed contained 0.15% to 0.25% of essential oils. The chemical constituents of the derived essential oils were determined by FTIR and GC-MS. The fatty oils from the sample were extracted by successive solvent extraction method and the physico-chemical characteristics were determined by usual standard procedure. The chemical compounds of the fatty oil were identified and quantified by FTIR, GC-MS and the micronutrient analysis was conducted using ED-XRF analyzer. The major elements were found to be K, Ca, Cl and percent yield were in the range of 41.74-45.77, 38.77-44.24, 4.30-6.19 respectively. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjsir.v48i4.18272 Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 48(4), 221-228, 2013