Successful Policy Implementation Research Articles

한국의 그린스마트 미래학교와 미국의 Future Ready School의 비교 연구

This study aimed to compare ‘Green-smart Future School’ in Korea and ‘Future Ready School(FRS)’ in the United States, and to derive implications for the successful implementation of Korea's future education policy. The subject of the analysis focused on ‘policy goals’ and ‘policy means’. First, Korea’s policy goals have a lesser clarity than the United States due to fragmented goals and high symbolism. Second, compared to the unified policy goals of FRS, Korean policy goals lack consistency due to less logical connectivity among sub-goals and mutual contradiction. Third, the policy enforcement agencies of Green-smart Future School were subdivided, compared to the FRS’ unified manner entrusted to non-profit organizations. Fourth, the Korean compliance securing means was confirmed by normative persuasion and coercion, and the U.S compliance securing means was confirmed by normative persuasion and support. Based on this, four suggestions were derived as follows: First, even considering the positive aspects of symbolic ambiguity of policy goals, it is necessary to present clearer policy goals for the correct directionality of policy execution. Second, the setting of a single policy goal makes it difficult to exercise flexibility in the field, but a consistent logical goal system is required for successful policy execution. Third, it is necessary to establish a policy execution system corresponding to a new paradigm of future education. Finally, to induce compliance with future education policy stakeholders, active support through two-way communication must be accompanied.

A Critical Analysis of the Compulsory Science Education Policy at the Secondary Level of Education in Uganda

Uganda is one of the African countries that have been focusing on the science-led strategy to promote growth and development. One of the strategies is the science promotion policy, which started in 2005 and among other things made learning and enrolling on science subjects (mathematics, chemistry, physics and biology) compulsory at the ordinary level of secondary school education. This paper has, therefore, used a secondary review methodology to critically analyse the science policy at the secondary school levels (ordinary and advanced). The paper begins with an introduction that discusses the history of curriculum reform at the secondary school level globally and in Africa with emphasis on Uganda. It also discusses Uganda’s science policy implementation strategies, which included the government's effort in providing resources such as laboratory equipment and science textbooks to government-aided schools. There is, then, a section that discusses the challenges that have hindered the successful implementation of science policy. This section shows that much as the government of Uganda has tried to facilitate science policy, the latest being the enhancement of salary for scientists, including science teachers by 300%, factors such as unresponsive curriculum content, shortage of qualified science teachers and inadequate laboratory equipment remain challenges to the, otherwise, good policy. The paper concludes by stating that improvement in science performance requires a multi-dimensional approach and, therefore, the recent salary enhancement that only catered for science teachers may not, necessarily, achieve much as far as improvement in the performance of students in science subjects is concerned

Air transportation and tourism interactions and actions for competitive destinations: the case of Cyprus

PurposeAir connectivity is one of the most important aspects of tourism development, especially for island state destinations (ISD) which rely on air travel for accessibility. The complexity of the tourism industry necessitates close interaction among involved stakeholders to ensure successful policy implementation of air transportation operations that facilitate tourism mobility at a destination.Design/methodology/approachIn this paper self-administered questionnaires in a structured format were distributed to 200 managers. Additionally, seven unstructured follow-up interviews were conducted to enrich the content and better support the conclusions.FindingsThe results of the study suggest that air transportation and connectivity are not fully integrated with tourism policy and strategy planning. Yet it is crucial that a stakeholder approach is adopted that accounts for the needs of diverse stakeholders and airline strategies, along with a diversified tourism policy that can establish Cyprus as year-round destination.Originality/valueThe role of the airline industry in overall tourism strategy and policy is examined and the unique problems and challenges ISDs like Cyprus face in developing as a tourism destination and overcoming tourism seasonality are underlined.

Assessing uncertainty of output gap estimates: Evidence from Visegrad countries

The reliability of output gap estimates is a crucial factor for the successful implementation of economic policy. We evaluate the robustness and stability of output gap estimates while comparing structural and non-structural techniques, using recursive estimates and alternative stability indicators. Our results provide evidence that some structural approaches outperform other available methods. Structural approaches exhibit a higher order of stability. Especially the methods based on the Beveridge–Nelson decomposition outperform the other structural and non-structural methods. The stability of structural approaches increases as new data becomes available. Moreover, output gap uncertainty diminishes during the positive business cycle phases, and structural approaches offer better overall stability performance and exhibit more stable concordance of these estimates. Our results are robust to alternative prior density settings and reveal similar output gap uncertainty patterns for the Visegrad countries, the euro area, and the United States.

Policy options to reduce patient visits in specialized service centers: A case study in speciality and subspeciality clinics in Iran

AbstractHospital congestion, delayed discharge, and bypassing primary care facilities are challenges facing the Iranian health‐care sector. We conducted a case study at the Sheikh al‐Rais Specialty Clinic, Tabriz, Iran, to find plausible, practical policy options for designing and implementing a referral system to reduce and regulate referral volumes to this clinic. We first reviewed the evidence on existing options of hospital congestion and unnecessary referral reduction by conducting a scoping literature review and then supplemented the findings with 18 semistructured interviews. We examined the perspectives of service users and experts in the field. Six practical policy options were identified: institutionalization of the referral system and family physician program, reinforcing gatekeeping system, use of telemedicine, utilization of educational algorithms, implementation of electronic health records, and establishing specialized clinics in different city areas. Local context adaptation, ensuring the availability of resources, political support, and feasibility are critical factors for successful policy implementation.

Remote learning experiences of African Nova Scotian households in Canada during the COVID-19 temporary school closure: implications for inclusive education policy implementation

ABSTRACT COVID-19 pandemic led to temporary closures of public schools and increased need for technology to support students’ access to learning capabilities. The situation created enormous burdens for all education stakeholders with teachers struggling on how to package learning materials that are easily accessible to students at home, and parents struggling to structure a home learning environment to support their children. This research was conducted to develop an understanding of challenges that African Nova Scotian (ANS) parents faced when supporting their learners throughout the COVID-19 crisis. The underlying concern was that COVID-19 related school closures combined with a seismic shift in the learning environment would widen pre-existing achievement gaps among ANS learners. Utilising a methodology framed from a Participatory Action Research perspective, ANS household survey data was collected and analysed. Gaining a better understanding of how ANS students and their support network experienced remote learning is critical for the successful implementation of the current inclusive education policy in the Nova Scotia education system. With an understanding of the challenges faced by ANS learner households and perspectives for the future presented through an ANS lens, our study can help inform a more productive and inclusive public education system in the post-COVID-19 world.

Implementasi Kebijakan Proses Perencanaan Dan Penganggaran Pada Biro Sistem Informasi, Perencanaan Dan Pengembangan Universitas Sumatera Utara Medan

This study aims to determine and analyze the Implementation of Planning and Budgeting Process Policies at the Information Systems Bureau, Planning and Development of the University of North Sumatra Medan and to find out what factors are the obstacles / obstacles in the Implementation of the Planning and Budgeting Process Policy at the Bureau of Information Systems, Planning and Development, University of North Sumatra Medan. The research method used is a descriptive method with a qualitative approach, with research informants being the Head of Bureau, Head of Section, Head of Subdivision and Staff at the Bureau of Information Systems, Planning and Development, University of North Sumatra, Medan. The theory used is George C Edward III's public policy theory. The results of this study indicate that the Planning and Budgeting Process Policy Implementation at the Information Systems, Planning and Development Bureau has been implemented but has not achieved optimal results. The success of policy implementation needs to be supported by the authority and SOP for Planning and Budgeting at the Information Systems, Planning and Development Bureau at USU Medan. The factors that influence the Implementation of Planning and Budgeting Policies at the Bureau of Information Systems, Planning and Development of the University of North Sumatra are communication, disposition, resources, and bureaucratic structure. Good communication distribution and good coordination between leadership and staff are needed in order to produce a good implementation, therefore it is recommended to issue a Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) for planning and budgeting process policies in order to provide optimal results in the planning and budgeting process.

Health workers' social networks and their influence in the adoption of strategies to address the stillbirth burden at a subnational level health system in Uganda.

Health workers' peer networks are known to influence members' behaviours and practices while translating policies into service delivery. However, little remains known about the extent to which this remains true within interventions aimed at addressing the stillbirth burden in low-resource settings like Uganda. The objective of this study was to examine the health workers' social networks and their influence on the adoption of strategies to address the stillbirth burden at a subnational level health system in Uganda. A qualitative exploratory design was adopted on a purposively selected sample of 16 key informants. The study was conducted in Mukono district among sub-national health systems, managers, health facility in-charges, and frontline health workers. Data was collected using semi-structured interview guides in a face-to-face interview with respondents. The analysis adopted a thematic approach utilising Atlas. ti software for data management. Participants acknowledged that workplace social networks were influential during the implementation of policies to address stillbirth. The influence exerted was in form of linkage with other services, caution, and advice regarding strict adherence to policy recommendations perhaps reflective of the level of trust in providers' ability to adhere to policy provisions. At the district health management level and among non-state actors, support in perceived areas of weak performance in policy implementation was observed. In addition, timely initiation of contact and subsequent referral was another aspect where health workers exerted influence while translating policies to address the stillbirth burden. While the level of support from among network peers was observed to influence health workers' adoption and implementation of strategies to address the stillbirth burden, different mechanisms triggered subsequent response and level of adherence to recommended policy aspects. Drawing from the elicited responses, we infer that health workers' social networks influence the direction and extent of success in policy implementation to address the stillbirth burden at the subnational level.

IMPLEMENTASI KEBIJAKAN KETENAGAKERJAAN DI KABUPATEN BEKASI

The theory used as an analytical knife in writing this thesis is the theory of policy implementation model according to Muchlis Hamdi (2014) which explains the description of the dynamics of the movement of policy implementation, namely the dimensions of productivity, linearity and efficiency and the factors that can affect the success of policy implementation, namely the determinants of policy substance, implementing task behavior, network interaction, target group participation and resources. The method used is a qualitative approach, data collection techniques are interviews, document review, and analysis. Based on the description obtained that the implementation of employment policies in Bekasi Regency has not run optimally, productivity has not reached the target, both the target for reducing the open unemployment rate and the target for minimum service standards for manpower placement. The service linearity between job seekers registration and job vacancies registration is in accordance with predetermined procedures, time, cost, place and implementer, but in terms of service to employers, procedures for placement of workers and follow-up to the appointment of prospective job seekers, the Bekasi Regency Manpower Office does not yet have a written standard operating procedure (SOP), so it cannot be explained whether the service is in accordance with the standard specification guidelines that have been determined. the efficiency of inter-work services is quite efficient, but inter-work services are still done manually and have not used online-based technology that can expand the range of services.

Implementasi Kebijakan Dana Desa di Desa Deli Muda Hulu Kecamatan Perbaungan Kabupaten Serdang Bedagai

The purpose of this study is to provide an overview of the implementation of the Village Fund in Deli Muda Hulu Village, Perbaungan District, Serdang Bedagai Regency, as well as the supporting and inhibiting factors that affect the implementation and strategies that must be carried out in the context of successful policy implementation. in the management of the Village Fund. The method used in this study is a qualitative descriptive method, where the main instrument in the study is the researcher himself. In this study, the authors also used survey research to obtain primary data on village fund policies in Deli Muda Hulu Village, Perbaungan District, Serdang Bedagai Regency. The results showed that the implementation of the Village Fund (DD) policy in Deli Muda Hulu Village, Perbaungan District, Serdang Bedagai Regency went quite smoothly. However, when it comes to achieving goals, the implementation of the Village Fund (DD) in Deli Muda Hulu Village, Perbaungan District, Serdang Bedagai Regency is not yet optimal. Although the goal of improving governance, development and community administration has been carried out optimally, the aim of increasing the capacity of community institutions in the village in planning, implementing and controlling development has not been optimal. Likewise, the goal of increasing community self- help participation has not been optimal. Several factors that influence the implementation of the Village Fund (DD) in Deli Muda Hulu Village, Perbaungan District, Serdang Bedagai Regency are communication, resource capabilities, attitude of implementers, bureaucratic structure, environment and policy size and objectives.

An inter-provincial tradable green certificate futures trading model under renewable portfolio standard policy

The geographically reverse distribution of renewable energy-rich regions and power load centers poses great challenges to the realization of Chinese renewable portfolio standard (RPS) targets, which has attracted academic attention. However, research on the inter-provincial management mechanisms of RPS is rare. To fill this gap, this study develops an inter-provincial tradable green certificate (TGC) futures trading model that combines TGC futures with inter-provincial TGC trading, which provides an efficient and cost-effective mechanism to achieve the RPS targets. In the model, we first construct an RPS target realization cost function, then divide provinces into buyers and sellers of TGC futures, then optimize the buyers' or sellers’ renewable energy generation under the cooperation mode, and finally use the Shapley value method to distribute the cooperation benefits. An empirical study on five Chinese provinces showed that the inter-provincial TGC futures trading model can significantly reduce the RPS target realization cost by 3.291 billion CNY or by 4.52% and increase renewable energy generation by 414.29 × 108 kWh. Our sensitivity analysis of the TGC futures prices verifies the robustness of the model. Finally, our study proposes policy suggestions for the effective design of the TGC futures market and successful implementation of the RPS policy.

Modelling the Impact of Individual Preferences on Traffic Policies

Urban traffic is a system always prone to overload, often approaching breakdown during rush hour times. Well-adjusted modifications of traffic policies, with appropriate interventions, promise potential improvements by inducing change in both individual as well as global system behaviour. However, truly effective measures are hard to identify, and testing in vivo is at least expensive and often hardly feasible. Computer-based simulations have successfully been applied for studying effects of policies, and multi-agent systems are accepted tools for that purpose as they provide means to model individual behaviour. These simulations have primarily studied effects of policies by measuring performance indicators on social benefit, while effects on individuals are hardly considered. However, successful implementation of policies hinges on whether they are accepted by the common public. Thus, effects on individuals cannot be neglected. Evaluating effects on individuals requires a more detailed modelling that is able to capture individual preferences as determining factors of agent decisions. In this paper, we present a simulation framework that focuses on modelling of individuals and thus allows evaluation of effects of policies on both the individual as well as global system behaviour. We use semantic technology (OWL ontologies and SWRL rules) to model preferences and knowledge of agents in our simulation. Using AGADE Traffic simulator, we demonstrate modelling and simulation for a mobility scenario and discuss observed results.

Policy Framework for the Internationalisation of Higher Education in South Africa: A Compass for Comprehensive Internationalisation?

On 6 November 2020, the Policy Framework for Internationalisation of Higher Education in South Africa was promulgated. It provides high-level principles and guidelines for the internationalisation of higher education in South Africa, lays down specific rules for certain aspects of the process and aims to shape the process of internationalisation at South African higher education institutions, redressing past inequalities whilst addressing policy imperatives of higher education in a democratic South Africa. In this paper, we analyse the context and content of the Policy Framework. We first explore the context by discussing the historical background leading to the development and drafting of the Policy Framework, whereafter we analyse the substantive content of the Policy Framework. We consider its suitability for advancing the South African higher education system's internationalisation objectives, interrogate whether it can provide direction for comprehensive internationalisation of higher education in the country and provide recommendations on the way forward devoting attention to strategies for successful policy implementation.

Integrated tourism policy: The Buffer area development impact of Borobudur world heritage

This article addresses the development policy practice by the Borobudur Authority Agency. The policy can synchronize different autonomous local government policies and avoid conflictual approaches to its neighborhoods. Even though a top-down policy may reduce the creativity of local governments to develop their tourism programs, this research shows the impact of the integrated tourism policy of the Borobudur National Tourism Strategic Area benefited accelerating tourism development. The economic impact on the surrounding community is creating job opportunities and increasing people’s financial revenue. The effects on the social dimension show that tourism development activities under borderless policy sites increase interaction and bonds among communities and preserve the cultures and folklores within the research sites that are administratively separated regions. When viewed from the environmental aspect, tourism development activities have implemented a sustainable approach by applying nomadic tourism concepts and building construction that does not damage the soil structure. By informing those impacts, this paper suggests newsworthiness as a guiding principle to communicate the successful implementation of a public policy.

The Community Role in the Implementation of Coronavirus Disease-19 Control Policies in Indonesia

Background: The success of COVID-19 control in Indonesia comes to place with active community participation. Community's role in supporting the successful implementation of COVID-19 policy is critical to investigate. This study, therefore, aimed to determine community’s role in supporting the successful implementation of COVID-19 control policies.Method: This study is exploratory research with a cross-sectional approach. Seven Indonesian regencies as research locations were selected purposively. Quantitative data were collected from 2,010 positive-COVID-19 patients and their close contacts through a standardized self-administered questionnaire. In-depth interviews were employed with 79 health center officers. Content analysis was used to analyze the qualitative data, and descriptive analysis was for the quantitative data. Results: This study had a relatively balanced gender distribution. There were 26.9% at age of 6-19 years, and 80.9% were in close contact with COVID-19 patients. Most respondents were from primary health care centers, had a bachelor's degree, and had worked for less than five years. Their adherence to health protocols was lower than the group that was not exposed to COVID-19. Most respondents followed health protocols such as hygiene (92.9 %) and cough etiquette (91.5 %). However, COVID-19 quarantine compliance was still low (38.2%), and 90.8% of respondents mostly practiced self-isolation at home. COVID-19 control strategies in each region quite varied. A lack of public awareness and education, flexibility in policy implementation, and a poor reward and punishment system were barriers to COVID-19 control. The community's role in supporting COVID-19 control policies includes helping to communicate COVID-19 risks, assisting healthcare centers in monitoring COVID-19 self-isolation, providing and operating integrated isolation shelters for confirmed cases, and participating as a case tracer.

Implementasi Kebijakan Perjalanan Orang Dalam Negeri Dengan Transportasi Udara Pada Masa Pandemi Covid-19 di Bandar Udara Sultan Bantilan Tolitoli

This study aims to determine the implementation of domestic travel policies by air transportation during the COVID-19 pandemic in breaking its spread at airport of Sultan Bantilan Tolitoli. This type of research is descriptive with a qualitative approach. 6 informants were selected by purposive sampling. Collecting data is through observation, interview and documentation. Furthermore, the stages of data reduction, data presentation, conclusion and verification. Results of the study were analyzed by model of successful policy implementation according to Merilee S. Grindle. Results of the study, the airport of Sultan Bantilan Tolitoli has clearly understood the travel rules by air transportation. However, there was still not enough socialization to prospective passengers. The determination of the high administration fee for rapid antigen and the refusal of vaccination by prospective passengers

The Road to Routinization: A Functional Collective Action Approach for Local Sustainability Planning and Performance Management

When confronting complex challenges, governments use basic bureaucratic design heuristics -- centralization and specialization. The complexity of environmental and climate issues has drawn recent attention to the ways in which fragmented authority influences, and often challenges, the policy choices and institutional effectiveness of local governments. Sustainability planning and improved performance are potential benefits stemming from the integration of responsibilities across silos. Our central proposition is that institutionalized collective-action mechanisms, which break down siloed decision-making, foster more successful implementation of sustainability policies. We empirically examine this using two surveys of U.S. cities and find evidence that formal collective-action mechanisms positively mediate the relationship between broader agency involvement and more comprehensive performance information collection and use. However, we identify limits to the role of planning in fostering a performance culture. Specifically, cities that have engaged in broader planning conduct less-comprehensive performance management, likely due to measurement difficulty and goal ambiguity.

Global initiatives on implementation of zero hunger policy

Purpose. The study aims to analyze critically the system and functions of specialized agencies, programs and United Nations (UN) funds that ensure the implementation of the second goal of sustainable development (GSD2), to identify the components of global initiatives for the successful implementation of the Zero Hunger Policy.
 Methodology / approach. The methodological approach of the study are theoretical provisions and practical recommendations for the formation of the food supply system, economic theory, which determines the patterns of food distribution, scientific works of domestic and foreign scientists on sustainable development of the agricultural sector to achieve Zero Hunger. The following methods were used in the research process: statistical (regression analysis of the assessment of factor’s impact on the level of daily energy value of food consumed in households in Ukraine), monographic (mechanism of GSD2 implementation in the global dimension), historical method (the UN’s composition and function in guaranteeing GSD2 implementation), systematic analysis (composition and roles of international institutions within the United Nations in guaranteeing GSD2 implementation), direct analysis and synthesis (areas of FAO’s activities in ensuring the implementation of GSD2 at the national level) etc.
 Results. The study found that global initiatives for successful implementation of the Zero Hunger Policy are based on three components: regulatory support, the activities of international organizations coordinated by the UN, and the implementation of the GSD2 framework and programs at the national level, which support most countries across the globe interaction with the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO).
 Originality / scientific novelty. Theoretical provisions regarding global initiatives for the implementation of Zero Hunger Policy have further developed: the main functions of specialized agencies, programs and UN funds that ensure the implementation of GSD2 were systematized, the degree of their spread and influence was determined; it was proved that FAO had a significant potential comparative advantage in assisting countries to meet new challenges in GSD2 monitoring; it was found that the activities of FAO together with partners to ensure global processes for the implementation of GSD2 include different areas.
 Practical value / implications. The obtained results are important for building a network of institutional and international cooperation for the successful implementation of Zero Hunger government policies.

Global initiatives on implementation of zero hunger policy

Purpose. The study aims to analyze critically the system and functions of specialized agencies, programs and United Nations (UN) funds that ensure the implementation of the second goal of sustainable development (GSD2), to identify the components of global initiatives for the successful implementation of the Zero Hunger Policy.
 Methodology / approach. The methodological approach of the study are theoretical provisions and practical recommendations for the formation of the food supply system, economic theory, which determines the patterns of food distribution, scientific works of domestic and foreign scientists on sustainable development of the agricultural sector to achieve Zero Hunger. The following methods were used in the research process: statistical (regression analysis of the assessment of factor’s impact on the level of daily energy value of food consumed in households in Ukraine), monographic (mechanism of GSD2 implementation in the global dimension), historical method (the UN’s composition and function in guaranteeing GSD2 implementation), systematic analysis (composition and roles of international institutions within the United Nations in guaranteeing GSD2 implementation), direct analysis and synthesis (areas of FAO’s activities in ensuring the implementation of GSD2 at the national level) etc.
 Results. The study found that global initiatives for successful implementation of the Zero Hunger Policy are based on three components: regulatory support, the activities of international organizations coordinated by the UN, and the implementation of the GSD2 framework and programs at the national level, which support most countries across the globe interaction with the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO).
 Originality / scientific novelty. Theoretical provisions regarding global initiatives for the implementation of Zero Hunger Policy have further developed: the main functions of specialized agencies, programs and UN funds that ensure the implementation of GSD2 were systematized, the degree of their spread and influence was determined; it was proved that FAO had a significant potential comparative advantage in assisting countries to meet new challenges in GSD2 monitoring; it was found that the activities of FAO together with partners to ensure global processes for the implementation of GSD2 include different areas.
 Practical value / implications. The obtained results are important for building a network of institutional and international cooperation for the successful implementation of Zero Hunger government policies.

An Exploratory Study of the Associations Between the Hospital Work Environment and Implementation of Baby-Friendly Hospital Policy.

A descriptive, cross-sectional study design was used to explore the relationships between the hospital work environment and implementation of the Baby-Friendly USA Ten Steps Policy in an urban hospital. Nurses reported the degree to which the Ten Steps policy was implemented, perceptions of the unit work environment using the Practice Environment Scale of the Nursing Work Index (PES-NWI), and self-efficacy related to the implementation of the policy. Results suggest that the work environment and the implementation of breastfeeding policy have separate and independent effects on nurse self-efficacy. Robust nursing leadership focused on education and skill development for clinicians, and focused on post-hospital care for patients and families are important contributory factors to successful breastfeeding policy implementation.