Successful Implementation Of Measures Research Articles

Designing successful agri-environmental schemes: A mechanistic analysis of a collective scheme for eco-system services in the Netherlands

In response to the challenges posed by the fragmentation of habitats and loss of native biodiversity, climate change adaptation and mitigation, diverse agri-environmental measures have been initiated across the European Union (EU) with the aim of fostering agricultural ecosystem service delivery. Previous studies adopting a governance perspective have identified various determinants of successful agri-environmental measures. However, the explanatory value of these studies is limited as the causal processes through which context and scheme design affect implementation success remain grey -boxed. This article uses a mechanism-based approach to uncover the causal processes that underlie actions and interactions within agri-environmental governance arrangements and provides insights into the role the interplay between context and scheme design plays in the successful implementation of agri-environmental measures. The empirical focus is the governance of a successful collective agri-environmental scheme in the Netherlands. In opening the grey box of the causal mechanisms that link contextual and scheme design with their results, the paper applies theory building process tracing methods. Results show that implementation success in the case is explained by the interplay between social learning and trust-building mechanisms. We argue that EU and domestic decision-makers aiming to improve the contribution of agri-environmental measures to climate change adaptation and mitigation must consider the contextual conditions that facilitate increased cooperation between stakeholders and, ultimately, successful implementation of measures.

Experimental studies of the properties of metal dust

Introduction. The issues of ensuring the environmental safety of metalworking industries are still very relevant. Moreover, the primary role in these issues is played by the protection of atmospheric air from the emissions of industrial enterprises in this industry. For the successful implementation of measures aimed at ensuring the environmental safety of atmospheric air, it is important to study in detail the composition and properties of the emission components.
 Problem Statement. The aim of the study is to analyze the entire range of modern methods for measuring the parameters of the properties of metal dust, as the main component of emissions from metalworking industries; to select the method of experimental research; to conduct a dispersion analysis of metal dust particles.
 Theoretical Part. As a rule, the productivity of experimental studies of the parameters of the properties of pollutants largely depends on the methods that were used in the performance of the work. To solve these problems, the authors have analyzed modern methods for measuring the parameters of the properties of metal dust. The choice is made according to the basic principles: relativity, relevance, completeness, labor intensity. The conditions for the final results of the research, their accuracy and reliability, the conditions for the terms, resources, technical means of research used, and the positive and negative aspects of each of the methods under consideration are also taken into account.
 Conclusion. The article presents the result of the choice of the research method and the results of experimental studies of the properties of metal dust.

ТЕОРЕТИЧНІ АСПЕКТИ ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ ПРОБЛЕМ ЗАЙНЯТОСТІ ОСІБ З ІНВАЛІДНІСТЮ

The article examines the problems of employment of persons with disabilities and the peculiarities of regulatory and legal support in the field of regulation of employment of persons with disabilities. The employment rate of people with disabilities is a priority for a good life and an important indicator that gives them the right to feel like full members of society and get a positive impact on their psychological state. The concepts of state policy in the field of employment regulation of persons with disabilities are analyzed. The accumulated international and domestic experience shows that the effective solution of these problems is possible only within the model in which the political goals of the state, legal, economic, organizational and scientific skills, components of the social protection of persons with disabilities are pensions, state social insurance, state social insurance. support, system of benefits and compensations. Ukraine only at the first stage to inclusive development Inclusive development is based on the distribution of welfare, elimination of discrimination and participation of all labor resources, which provides a high standard of living for the majority of the population. Approaches to the definition of the terms “disability” and “persons with disabilities” in the legislation of different countries are systematized. Domestic legislation provides for a number of economic levers of influence on enterprises, institutions, organizations that use hired labor, in order to ensure employment of this category of citizens. The main problems of employment of people with disabilities and ways to overcome them are identified. Integrating people with disabilities into the labor market is a complex multilateral process that requires each country to find a specific combination of measures and funding opportunities. Successful implementation of measures is essential to create a comprehensive labor market with equal opportunities for all members of society.

Evolution of Legal Consolidation of Language Policy of Russian Empire on Ukrainian Provinces in XIX – early XX Century

The need to create an effective mechanism to ensure the implementation of language policy by our state has been increased at the present stage of the development of Ukraine and its legal system. It, on the one hand, will ensure the revival and spread of the Ukrainian language, and on the other will allow the development of national minority languages in accordance with the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages (1992), the UN Declaration on the Rights of Persons Belonging to National or Ethnic, Religious and Linguistic Minorities (1992), the UN Resolution on the Rights of Persons Belonging to National or Ethnic, Religious and Linguistic Minorities (1995), The Oslo Recommendations on the Language Rights of National Minorities (1998) and other existing international legal acts. Historical experience can significantly help the successful implementation of measures aimed at improving the effectiveness of domestic legislation in this area. It will allow us not to repeat the mistakes of the past and take into account and use the positive developments. Unfortunately, domestic practice demonstrates a clear lack of attention to the study and use of such experience.
 The purpose of the article is a comprehensive historical and legal analysis of the processes of legal consolidation and implementation of the language policy of the Russian Empire on the Ukrainian lands in the XIX – early XX centuries. In accordance with the purpose, the following tasks have been formulated: to consider how the imperial language policy has evolved, aimed at narrowing the scope of using the language of the Ukrainian people for assimilation, to emphasize the role and significance of the legal component in these processes that was expressed in the legislation and law-enforcement activity of the relevant state authorities.
 Scientific novelty is manifested in the fact that this article is one of the first scientific works, where the problems of legal consolidation of Russification language policy on the Ukrainian lands during the past and the beginning of the last centuries are studied according to the latest methodological positions, based on a comprehensive analysis of existing scientific literature, regulatory and law-enforcement acts, as well as other historical and legal sources.
 The author of the article has emphasized that the tsar pursued a policy of incessant formal and legal restrictions on the Ukrainian language during this period. It has been claimed that during the 60-80s of the XIX century there was the legislative consolidation of that policy. The author has determined the purpose of the imperial government – to limit the scope of use of the Ukrainian language in order to prevent it from becoming a key element in the creation of Ukrainian identity.

Spatial and temporal variability in costs and effectiveness in phosphorus loss mitigation at farm scale: A scenario analysis

Current policy instruments under the EU Water Framework Directive (WFD) to mitigate phosphorus (P) loss require that P use on farms is managed through regulation of farm gate P balances. Regulation at farm scale does not account for spatial variability in nutrient use and soil fertility at field scale, affecting the costs and effectiveness of farm gate measures. This study simulated the implementation of a P loss mitigation measure coupled with improving soil fertility so that farm productivity would not be compromised. The measure was simulated at field scale and the costs and effectiveness assessed at farm scale. Effectiveness was expressed as the time taken for excessive soil P levels to decline to levels that matched off-takes and this varied temporally and spatially within and between farms ranging from 1 to 8 years. Sub-optimum soil fertility was corrected on all fields across both farms, with applications of other soil nutrients and lime to protect productivity. An increase in costs ranging from 1.5 to 116% was predicted in the first two years of the measure on both farms after-which savings of 15–31% were predicted for each subsequent year until the measure was effective in year 9. Despite initial cost increase, there was no statistically significant difference in costs over the time taken for the measure to be effective, when compared to baseline costs. Successful implementation of measures should consider the impact on farm costs and time taken for measures to environmentally effective. Adoption of measures could improve if demonstrating to farmers that costs will not vary significantly from current practice and in time may results in savings if measures are paired with correcting soil fertility and increasing yields. This ‘win-win’ approach could be used into the future to ensure successful implementation and uptake of measures within the farming community.

Evidence synthesis in landscape aesthetics: an honourable endeavour yet insufficient applicable knowledge

Considerable research effort, over more than 30 years, has been directed toward better understanding of the way people respond to diverse and changing landscapes. Knowledge of human responses to a changing world is an essential ingredient in successful implementation of measures which protect our socio-ecological wellbeing. However, decision-making seldom flows from individual pieces of research. Evidence needs to be synthesised through systematic procedures, including meta-analysis, before having even the potential to influence policy makers. This paper reviews evidence synthesis in the field of landscape aesthetics, especially in the context of wind energy and forest management. It looks then at the impact of this research, as expressed in guidelines and policies and finds that while there are some meaningful links, the individuality of each landscape change makes empirical findings hard to generalise, beyond a rather superficial level, and their application, especially in a political context, problematic.

"So What Are You?:" Nepali Third Gender Women's Identities and Experiences Through the Lens of Human Rights Development Discourse

Nepal is the site of many national and international human rights development measures focused on the country’s gender and sexual minorities (SGM). Given the significant impact those development efforts have on SGM and Nepali society, national and international development actors need to understand the identities and experiences of the populations they attempt to help. Performed in Kathmandu and Bharatpur, this study attempts to understand the identities used by third gender women and if those identities are reflected in development discourse. Over the course of this research, self-identified third gender women and members of organizations that work with SGM were interviewed. Observations were also conducted in a Bharatpur SGM-advocacy organization. This research questions the homogeneity of SGM described by some development organizations and their critics. Identity should be understood as context-specific, and SGM identities as intertwined and mutually-informing. Understanding the framework for gender and sexuality that underlies Nepali sexual and gender identity terms is important in order to supplement and contextualize the identities that, otherwise, may be misrepresented and misunderstood. Furthermore, development organizations should be cognizant of the impacts donor sources may have on development projects and on sexual and gender minorities. The national government should focus on successful implementation of measures already executed, and interested parties should hold the government accountable for following through with these SGM-focused human rights measures.

Конституционно-правовые императивы обеспечения демографической безопасности Республики Беларусь

In this work, we analyze the constitutional and legal imperatives of social policy that determine the sustainable state of demographic security of the Republic of Belarus, and also we establish the place of citizens legal awareness in the field of social and security relations. We make a number of conclusions: on the predominantly successful implementation of measures to improve social legislation (at the same time, certain areas were noted in which the predicted results were not achieved); the sufficiency of constitu-tional legal imperatives of social policy; on increasing the degree of inde-pendence of citizens and the level of their legal awareness in social and secu-rity relations. We note that the symbiosis of social and economic constitu-tional and legal imperatives reflected in the text of the current Basic Law of the Republic of Belarus corresponds to the spirit of the times. We also state that at present, refracting through the prism of dynamically developing eco-nomic relations, the sphere of social policy is filled with new meaning and new forms involving citizens, as recipients of these social benefits and val-ues, in the process of implementing guaranteed constitutional and legal im-peratives. In addition, we note that state paternalism, as a model of social protection, has not exhausted its capabilities even in the conditions of mod-ern, dynamically developing social and economic relations.

METHODOLOGY OF FORMING THE SYSTEM OF ENSURING FINANCIAL STABILITY OF CREDIT INSTITUTIONS

This paper is devoted to the research of methodological foundations for ensuring financial stability system of credit institutions. The ensuring credit institutions’ financial stability should be based on the value-oriented, risk-oriented approaches and, above all, on the systemic approach. The formation of a system of ensuring financial stability of credit institutions can’t be set only by the organizational and managerial influence on the unbalancing resources of the credit institutions, but also foresee an arrangement of an appropriate informal institutional environment that would serve as a world-view platform for successful implementation of measures on financial stability.Original results. It’s determined the nature of the system of ensuring financial stability of credit institutions, the goals and targets of its functioning, object and subject composition, internal structure and scientific principles that determine its nature and peculiarities of its interaction with the external environment. The main components of the studied system include: informal institutional environment; formal institutional environment; the methodical (cognitive) and supplying subsystems. The informal institutional environment is one. Its quality influence on the effectiveness of measures to ensure the financial stability of credit institutions and the ability to maintain it in a long-term period.Practical relevance. The functionality of the proposed system largely depends on the quality of corporate ethics and the depth of its implementation in the activities of credit institutions. Thus, fraudulent actions, provoked by a business entity (a credit institution), including intentional actions to create a crisis situation in the institution, cannot be turned away by the system. The proposed system is only capable of managing the real threats to financial stability, namely those caused by objective internal or external factors.

Balancing Significance and Maintaining ‘Sense of Place’ in the Sustainable Display of Tudor Tapestries in the Great Hall, Hampton Court Palace

ABSTRACT Hampton Court Palace’s Great Hall located in Surrey, UK, is a magnificent late medieval hall. Its large hammer-beam roof is sumptuously decorated while its walls for the past century have been rehung with Henry VIII’s five-hundred-year-old tapestries illustrating The Story of Abraham, and one of the most internationally significant sets of sixteenth-century tapestries, commissioned for the same hall. This paper presents research which began in 2007, exploring conservation solutions based on evidence-based decision-making, through to successful implementation of measures that conserve these invaluable tapestries without damaging the aesthetic or physical integrity of the Great Hall. The impacts of environmental exposure conditions mapped in detail were assessed to evaluate risk for each tapestry. Next, feasibility studies identified the effectiveness of a range of potential mitigating options to address each local risk, now being incrementally implemented over many years. The research has enabled us to develop, test and deliver permanent interventions that have – when considered together as a holistic management regime – allowed the tapestries to remain in situ. These interventions will continue to be monitored and evaluated for at least a further year to confirm their effectiveness.

Work-related musculoskeletal complaints: some ergonomics challenges upon the start of a new century

Three themes likely to be important within health-related ergonomics in the coming years are discussed. The first two themes concern methods for risk analysis of low-level biomechanical and psychosocial exposures. The third theme is approaches to successful implementation of ergonomics interventions. Evidence on the assessment of low-level biomechanical and psychosocial exposures by instrumented measurements is discussed. It is concluded that, despite recent advances in our understanding of exposure-effect associations under these exposure conditions, we must at present rely on more subjective methods, employed in a collaboration between expert and worker. This approach to risk analysis identifies in most cases critical exposures in a work situation. The focus should then be on the successful implementation of measures against those exposures, as identification alone does not solve problems. The aim of improved health for the workers further requires that the full complement of risk factors be considered, including work, leisure time and person-based risk factors. Finally, the need to put ergonomics intervention initiatives in an organisational context is emphasised, and examples of approaches used by Norwegian companies are presented.