Successful Detoxification Research Articles

Two-stage conversion of syngas and pyrolysis aqueous condensate into L-malate

Hybrid thermochemical–biological processes have the potential to enhance the carbon and energy recovery from organic waste. This work aimed to assess the carbon and energy recovery potential of multifunctional processes to simultaneously sequestrate syngas and detoxify pyrolysis aqueous condensate (PAC) for short-chain carboxylates production. To evaluate relevant process parameters for mixed culture co-fermentation of syngas and PAC, two identical reactors were run under mesophilic (37 °C) and thermophilic (55 °C) conditions at increasing PAC loading rates. Both the mesophilic and the thermophilic process recovered at least 50% of the energy in syngas and PAC into short-chain carboxylates. During the mesophilic syngas and PAC co-fermentation, methanogenesis was completely inhibited while acetate, ethanol and butyrate were the primary metabolites. Over 90% of the amplicon sequencing variants based on 16S rRNA were assigned to Clostridium sensu stricto 12. During the thermophilic process, on the other hand, Symbiobacteriales, Syntrophaceticus, Thermoanaerobacterium, Methanothermobacter and Methanosarcina likely played crucial roles in aromatics degradation and methanogenesis, respectively, while Moorella thermoacetica and Methanothermobacter marburgensis were the predominant carboxydotrophs in the thermophilic process. High biomass concentrations were necessary to maintain stable process operations at high PAC loads. In a second-stage reactor, Aspergillus oryzae converted acetate, propionate and butyrate from the first stage into L-malate, confirming the successful detoxification of PAC below inhibitory levels. The highest L-malate yield was 0.26 ± 2.2 molL-malate/molcarboxylates recorded for effluent from the mesophilic process at a PAC load of 4% v/v. The results highlight the potential of multifunctional reactors where anaerobic mixed cultures perform simultaneously diverse process roles, such as carbon fixation, wastewater detoxification and carboxylates intermediate production. The recovered energy in the form of intermediate carboxylates allows for their use as substrates in subsequent fermentative stages.

Assisted Versus Unassisted Domiciliary Alcohol Detoxification: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Background: Detoxification stands as a crucial phase in the treatment of alcohol use disorders (AUD), yet only limited data is available on the outcomes of home-based detoxification. Assisted domiciliary detoxification involves monitoring an individual’s withdrawal progress, while offering psychosocial support and detoxification services in the comfort of their home. Aim: To study outcomes of assisted over routine domiciliary alcohol detoxification in randomized controlled trials. Methodology: 100 consenting male patients who were advised of domiciliary detoxification were randomized into intervention ( n = 49) and control ( n = 51) groups. A predesigned semi-structured questionnaire was used to assess the socio-demographic and drinking-related variables. Both groups received routine care for alcohol withdrawal from respective treating doctors. Additionally, the intervention group received two sessions of brief intervention for alcohol and daily phone call assistance. Records were kept for adverse events. Phone calls were discontinued once detoxification was completed. Outcomes were measured for successful completion of detoxification and abstention from alcohol at the end of one month. Results: The intervention group had significantly higher successful detoxification rates (85.7% vs. 62.7%, p = .008) and significantly higher abstinence days at the end of one month compared to the control group (22 vs. 10 days, p < .001) with an effect size of 1.2 (confidence interval (CI) 0.69–1.53). Conclusion: This study demonstrates that receiving assistance in the acute phase of domiciliary detoxification helps in a successful detoxification and achieving a significant level of abstinence at the end of one month compared to the control group.

Exploratory Growth Mixture Modeling of Cannabis-Withdrawal Syndrome Trajectories of Adult Pure Cannabis Dependents During Detoxification: Two Subtypes?

ABSTRACT As clinical studies about subtypes of the cannabis withdrawal syndrome (CWS) are scant, we performed a re-analysis of longitudinal data with German adult cannabis-users seeking inpatient cannabis detoxification-treatment. Sixty-seven cannabis-dependents without active comorbidity were included for growth-mixture-analysis (GMM) of their CWS-severity-trajectories during a scheduled 24-day detox-treatment. As of treatment-day 12, thirty-six (53.7%) of 67 patients were discharged after successful detoxification. This led to artificial imputations for I-GMM. Therefore, we preferred the results of the GMM including raw data-only (R-GMM). By both, I-GMM and R-GMM, we found two classes of CWS severity time-courses. Class one (n = 44, R-GMM) showed a continuously decreasing CWS-severity; class two (n = 23, R-GMM) exhibited a sharp peak (generally between days 2–6 post-cessation). A short inpatient treatment-period and low urinary 11-nor-9-carboxy-Δ9 -tetrahydrocannabinol-level upon admission predicted the peaking trajectory of R-GMM-class-two-CWS. Withdrawal syndrome medication (PRN), comorbidity, cannabis-history data and gender balance were not significantly different between the CWS-classes. Although possibly confounded by PRN-medication, this exploratory study supports the presence of two CWS-variants in adult cannabis-dependents, characterized by a slowly decreasing (“protracted”) slope (class one) or a clear crescendo-decrescendo trajectory (class two). The latter was associated with a significantly shorter inpatient detoxification period and lower urinary THC-COOH-levels at admission.

Acetaminophen induced antioxidant and detoxification responses in a stygobitic crustacean

A variety of veterinary and human medicinal products (VHMPs) are found in groundwater, an often-neglected habitat inhabited by species with unique traits, stygobitic species. It is crucial to understand the effect of VHMPs on stygobitic species because they may respond differently to stressors than surface species. Our hypothesis is that groundwater species may be more susceptible to environmental contaminants due to less plasticity in their detoxification response and acquisition of energy because subterranean habitats are more stable and isolated from anthropogenic activities. We performed a battery of biomarkers associated with important physiological functions on the stygobitic asellid crustacean Proasellus lusitanicus, after a 14-day exposure to acetaminophen, a commonly used pharmaceutical and pollutant of groundwaters. Our results show a decrease in total glutathione levels and an increase in glutathione S-transferase activity, suggesting a successful detoxification response. This helps explaining why acetaminophen did not cause oxidative damage, as well as had no effect on cholinesterase activity nor in aerobic production of energy. This study shows the remarkable capacity of P. lusitanicus to tolerate sublethal concentrations of VHMP acetaminophen. Most ecotoxicological studies on stygobitic species focused on the lethal effects of these compounds. The present study focuses on consequences at sublethal concentrations. Future studies should assess the stress levels induced to better predict and estimate the impacts of contaminants on groundwater ecosystems.

High-pressure acidified steaming with varied citric acid dosing can successfully detoxify mycotoxins.

Mycotoxins are toxic fungal metabolites that exert various toxicities, including leading to death in lethal doses. This study developed a novel high-pressure acidified steaming (HPAS) for detoxification of mycotoxins in foods and feed. The raw materials, maize and peanut/groundnut, were used for the study. The samples were separated into raw and processed categories. Processed samples were treated using HPAS at different citric acid concentrations (CCC) adjusted to pH4.0, 4.5, and 5.0. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit method for mycotoxins analysis was used to determine the levels of mycotoxins in the grains, with specific focus on total aflatoxins (AT), aflatoxins B1 (AFB1), aflatoxin G1 (AFG1), ochratoxin A (OTA), and citrinin. The mean values of the AT, AFB1, AFG1, OTA, and citrinin in the raw samples were 10.06 ± 0.02, 8.21 ± 0.01, 6.79 ± 0.00, 8.11 ± 0.02, and 7.39 ± 0.01 μg/kg for maize, respectively (p ≤ .05); and for groundnut (peanut), they were 8.11 ± 0.01, 4.88 ± 0.01, 7.04 ± 0.02, 6.75 ± 0.01, and 4.71 ± 0.00 μg/kg, respectively. At CCC adjusted to pH5.0, the AT, AFB1, AFG1, OTA, and citrinin in the samples significantly reduced by 30%-51% and 17%-38% for maize and groundnut, respectively, and were reduced to 28%-100% when CCC was adjusted to pH4.5 and 4.0 (p ≤ .05). The HPAS process either completely detoxified the mycotoxins or at least reduced them to levels below the maximum limits of 4.00-6.00, 2.00, 2.00, 5.00, and 100 μg/kg for AT, AFB1, AFG1, OTA, and citrinin, respectively, set by the European Union, WHO/FAO, and USDA. The study clearly demonstrates that mycotoxins can be completely detoxified using HPAS at CCC adjusted to pH4.0 or below. This can be widely applied or integrated into many agricultural and production processes in the food, pharmaceutical, medical, chemical, and nutraceutical industries where pressurized steaming can be applied for the successful detoxification of mycotoxins.

The use of chlordiazepoxide for outpatient gamma-butyrolactone (GBL) detoxification: An observational study

Background Various detoxification regimens are used for gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB) and gamma-butyrolactone (GBL), including diazepam, barbiturates, baclofen and GHB itself. However, these regimens are primarily derived from inpatient units, and literature on outpatient GBL detoxification is sparse with no previous reports on chlordiazepoxide. We describe the characteristics of outpatient GBL detoxification using chlordiazepoxide. Methods Observational study of all patients who attended a community outpatient addiction service in South London between August 2015 and November 2017 seeking detoxification from GBL. The outpatient caseload is predominantly patients with alcohol, opioid and stimulant dependence. Routine clinical data including patient demographics, GBL usage, daily chlordiazepoxide dose and Clinical Institute Withdrawal Assessment for Alcohol-revised (CIWA-Ar) score were recorded. Results In the study period there were 17 attendances for GBL detoxification, 14 of which were undertaken in the outpatient setting. Twelve (86%) patients who had an outpatient detoxification were male, all of whom were men who have sex with men. Of 14 outpatient GBL detoxifications managed with chlordiazepoxide, 10 were successfully completed. One of the four patients that did not complete detoxification required inpatient treatment in an acute hospital. The average successful detoxification took 10 ± 3.1 days. For patients who completed a detoxification, the median maximum CIWA-Ar score on day one of the detoxification was 11 (range 2–17), with the mean dose of chlordiazepoxide used on day one being 140 mg (range 80–225 mg). Conclusions Chlordiazepoxide can be used for outpatient GBL detoxification in combination with a provision for crisis admission to hospital. CIWA-Ar score can be applied to GBL withdrawal to measure severity and inform a reducing regimen of chlordiazepoxide.

Prevalence and correlates of relapse in adult male patients with alcohol dependence: a cross sectional study conducted in a tertiary care hospital in Northern India

Background: Relapse to alcohol dependence after successful detoxification and rehabilitation is a public health concern worldwide. Although the burden of alcohol dependence is massive in the Indian subcontinent, very little is known about the causes of relapse among patients treated for alcohol abuse. Hence, this study was designed to evaluate the prevalence and factors associated with relapse in patients of alcohol dependence disorder.Methods: 50 male patients diagnosed with alcohol dependence (according to ICD-10 criteria) who attended both in-patient and out-patient outpatient department (OPD) of a tertiary care hospital were included in our study. Severity of Alcohol Dependence Questionnaire (SADQ) for severity of alcohol dependence, Presumptive Stressful Life Events Scales (PSLES) and relapse precipitant inventory were used for correlation of factors responsible for relapse amongst these alcohol abusers after informed consent and acquiring socio-demographic details.Results: Out of 50 patients enrolled in the study as per the International Classification of Diseases 10th revision Diagnostic Criteria for Research (ICD-10 DCR), a majority (92%) were Hindus, 60% belonging to the rural background. Family history of alcohol dependence was found to be present among 46% patients, and a majority had moderate to severe alcohol dependence. Craving for alcohol was found to be the most common cause of relapse amongst these, and 72% patients showed moderate to severe stress on the PSLES scale.Conclusions: Alcohol consumption is emerging as a major public health problem in India. Regular follow up with family, peer and social support are essential along with vocational rehabilitation to prevent relapse. Multi-centric scientific community-based research studies have to be conducted in various individual states to understand the problem better. There is a dire need for various policymakers, media, professionals and society to come together and create awareness about the consequences of chronic alcohol through sensitization programmes and health education campaigns.

Assessment of addiction management program and predictors of relapse among inpatients of the Psychiatric Institute at Ain Shams University Hospital

BackgroundRehabilitation programs targeted to patients with substance use disorder (SUD) following successful detoxification constitute a global public health concern. This study aimed to examine the effectiveness of a combined pharmacotherapy/cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) model through assessing abstinence/relapse rate and quality of life (QOL) in a sample of patients with SUD. Indeed, we aimed to identify the relapse predictors.ResultsThe relapse rate in the inpatient group was 45.33%, compared to 56% in the outpatient group. Multivariate analysis revealed that patients with educational levels less than secondary school, rural residency, being single or divorced, having cravings lasting for 6 weeks from detoxification, legal history, presence of borderline, antisocial and multiple personality disorder could predict relapse in patients with SUD. Moreover, there was a statistically significant difference between the legal, substance, and social domains of ASI (X2= 12.525, p=0.014; X2= 12.525, p=0.023; and X2= 6.335, p=0.042 respectively) and the majority of QOL domains and relapse.ConclusionsSocio-demographic data, legal history, craving, and presence of co-morbid personality disorders along with, legal, substance, and social domains of ASI might be implicated in relapse, suggesting that addiction rehabilitation programs targeting these topics would reduce the risk of relapse.

Detection, detoxification, and removal of multiply heavy metal ions using a recyclable probe enabled by click and declick chemistry

The pollution of water with heavy metal ions has generated great concern among both the public and academics due to the high toxicity, persistence, and non-degradability of heavy metals. The detection, detoxification, and removal of heavy metal ions are critical for monitoring water quality and treating polluted water. However, these tasks remain challenging due to lack of effective detection, detoxification, and removal strategies. By combining thiol-triggered click chemistry and heavy metal ion-triggered declick chemistry, a recyclable fluorescent probe for detecting numerous heavy metal ions was successfully developed through simple addition of thiol-containing heavy metal antidote to a carefully selected Michael acceptor-type fluorophore. The probe could be regenerated by adding equal amount of antidote to the detection solution without any purification step recycled up to 10 times. The generated water-soluble heavy metal ion–antidote complexes showed weak toxicity to biological systems, indicating successful detoxification. Finally, a simple, economical, and practical device for detecting, detoxifying, and removing heavy metal ions was fabricated by loading the recyclable fluorescent probe into polymer beads. The percent of detection, and removal are 98.10% and 97.59%, respectively. And detoxification percent is as high as 65.55%. The device is a promising candidate for water quality monitoring and treatment.

Alcohol and Drug Withdrawal Syndromes and Their Clinical Management

Withdrawal syndromes are clusters of signs and symptoms that occur with cessation or decrease in use of a substance. All substance withdrawal syndromes are classified and diagnosed based on criteria published in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fifth edition (DSM-5). All withdrawal syndromes range in their ability to cause significant medical and/or psychiatric consequences. Alcohol withdrawal remains a medically serious syndrome that can occur within hours to days of decreased use and result in hallucinations, delirium, seizures, and death. Despite increasing research into the type, frequency, dose, and route of administration, benzodiazepines remain the first-line treatment in preventing alcohol withdrawal complications. Although typically not medically severe, opioid withdrawal is often associated with relapse even after successful detoxification. Opioid-agonist therapy, including methadone and buprenorphine, remains the treatment of choice for both opioid withdrawal and relapse prevention. Stimulant withdrawal from cocaine or amphetamines can cause significant psychiatric symptoms within minutes to hours of cessation and may require psychiatric hospitalization for suicidal ideation or attempts. There are no current medications approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for treatment of stimulant withdrawal. Cannabis withdrawal, although not medically dangerous, has recently been adopted as a discrete syndrome in the DSM-5. Its severity correlates significantly with the amount of cannabis used, functional impairment, and ability to achieve sustained remission. There are no current medications approved by the FDA for treatment of cannabis withdrawal. This review contains 6 figures, 13 tables, and 101 references. Key words: alcohol, amphetamine, benzodiazepines, buprenorphine, cannabis, clonidine, cocaine, dexmedetomidine, methadone, opioid, phenobarbital, stimulant, withdrawal

Alcohol and Drug Withdrawal Syndromes and Their Clinical Management

Withdrawal syndromes are clusters of signs and symptoms that occur with cessation or decrease in use of a substance. All substance withdrawal syndromes are classified and diagnosed based on criteria published in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fifth edition (DSM-5). All withdrawal syndromes range in their ability to cause significant medical and/or psychiatric consequences. Alcohol withdrawal remains a medically serious syndrome that can occur within hours to days of decreased use and result in hallucinations, delirium, seizures, and death. Despite increasing research into the type, frequency, dose, and route of administration, benzodiazepines remain the first-line treatment in preventing alcohol withdrawal complications. Although typically not medically severe, opioid withdrawal is often associated with relapse even after successful detoxification. Opioid-agonist therapy, including methadone and buprenorphine, remains the treatment of choice for both opioid withdrawal and relapse prevention. Stimulant withdrawal from cocaine or amphetamines can cause significant psychiatric symptoms within minutes to hours of cessation and may require psychiatric hospitalization for suicidal ideation or attempts. There are no current medications approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for treatment of stimulant withdrawal. Cannabis withdrawal, although not medically dangerous, has recently been adopted as a discrete syndrome in the DSM-5. Its severity correlates significantly with the amount of cannabis used, functional impairment, and ability to achieve sustained remission. There are no current medications approved by the FDA for treatment of cannabis withdrawal. This review contains 6 figures, 13 tables, and 101 references. Key words: alcohol, amphetamine, benzodiazepines, buprenorphine, cannabis, clonidine, cocaine, dexmedetomidine, methadone, opioid, phenobarbital, stimulant, withdrawal

Alcohol and Drug Withdrawal Syndromes and Their Clinical Management

Withdrawal syndromes are clusters of signs and symptoms that occur with cessation or decrease in use of a substance. All substance withdrawal syndromes are classified and diagnosed based on criteria published in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fifth edition (DSM-5). All withdrawal syndromes range in their ability to cause significant medical and/or psychiatric consequences. Alcohol withdrawal remains a medically serious syndrome that can occur within hours to days of decreased use and result in hallucinations, delirium, seizures, and death. Despite increasing research into the type, frequency, dose, and route of administration, benzodiazepines remain the first-line treatment in preventing alcohol withdrawal complications. Although typically not medically severe, opioid withdrawal is often associated with relapse even after successful detoxification. Opioid-agonist therapy, including methadone and buprenorphine, remains the treatment of choice for both opioid withdrawal and relapse prevention. Stimulant withdrawal from cocaine or amphetamines can cause significant psychiatric symptoms within minutes to hours of cessation and may require psychiatric hospitalization for suicidal ideation or attempts. There are no current medications approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for treatment of stimulant withdrawal. Cannabis withdrawal, although not medically dangerous, has recently been adopted as a discrete syndrome in the DSM-5. Its severity correlates significantly with the amount of cannabis used, functional impairment, and ability to achieve sustained remission. There are no current medications approved by the FDA for treatment of cannabis withdrawal. This review contains 6 figures, 13 tables, and 101 references. Key words: alcohol, amphetamine, benzodiazepines, buprenorphine, cannabis, clonidine, cocaine, dexmedetomidine, methadone, opioid, phenobarbital, stimulant, withdrawal

Alcohol and Drug Withdrawal Syndromes and Their Clinical Management

Withdrawal syndromes are clusters of signs and symptoms that occur with cessation or decrease in use of a substance. All substance withdrawal syndromes are classified and diagnosed based on criteria published in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fifth edition (DSM-5). All withdrawal syndromes range in their ability to cause significant medical and/or psychiatric consequences. Alcohol withdrawal remains a medically serious syndrome that can occur within hours to days of decreased use and result in hallucinations, delirium, seizures, and death. Despite increasing research into the type, frequency, dose, and route of administration, benzodiazepines remain the first-line treatment in preventing alcohol withdrawal complications. Although typically not medically severe, opioid withdrawal is often associated with relapse even after successful detoxification. Opioid-agonist therapy, including methadone and buprenorphine, remains the treatment of choice for both opioid withdrawal and relapse prevention. Stimulant withdrawal from cocaine or amphetamines can cause significant psychiatric symptoms within minutes to hours of cessation and may require psychiatric hospitalization for suicidal ideation or attempts. There are no current medications approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for treatment of stimulant withdrawal. Cannabis withdrawal, although not medically dangerous, has recently been adopted as a discrete syndrome in the DSM-5. Its severity correlates significantly with the amount of cannabis used, functional impairment, and ability to achieve sustained remission. There are no current medications approved by the FDA for treatment of cannabis withdrawal. This review contains 6 figures, 13 tables, and 101 references. Key words: alcohol, amphetamine, benzodiazepines, buprenorphine, cannabis, clonidine, cocaine, dexmedetomidine, methadone, opioid, phenobarbital, stimulant, withdrawal

Development of functional materials with specific activities for degradation of toxins

It was shown that it is possible to use different samples of hexahistidine-containing organophosphate hydrolase (His6-OPH)-based enzyme preparations, including those obtained in the frame of functionalized materials, for the successful detoxification of organophosphorus compound such as Paraoxon and different mycotoxins (Zearalenone, Patulin, Sterigmatocystin) in their present in contaminated agricultural commodities. For the first time it was demonstrated that different toxins (xenobiotics and toxic compounds naturally produced by microscopic fungus) can be hydrolysed by the same enzyme and various biocatalysts prepared on the base of it use.

Community alcohol detoxification in primary care services

Jeff Fernandez explains how primary care services are vital to providing cost-effective and successful alcohol detoxification treatment in the community, and they should not be reduced as a result of cuts to healthcare funding The good provision of alcohol and drug services need to be protected despite budget cuts and the continual redesign of primary care services. This article will examine the alcohol detoxifications completed in one alcohol and drug service over a 2-year period and asserts that what is effective should be retained in any service redesign. An in-depth case study of a typical patient of the service will be presented to illustrate in detail the positive effects that detoxification can have. This article suggests that this valuable work should not be lost or reduced as a result of funding cuts to the health service.

Predictors of inpatient completion of detoxification in patients with substance use disorders

Background: Despite the availability of adequate indoor treatment facility for patients with substance use disorders (SUDs), a substantial number of patients do not undergo complete detoxification process. Incomplete detoxification leads to premature termination of treatment and relapse. Aims and Objectives: To see the association of various sociodemographic and clinical variables with completion of detoxification in hospitalized patients with SUDs. Materials and Methods: Case record files of patients with SUDs as per ICD-10, who were admitted in the de-addiction ward of a tertiary care teaching hospital of North India from January 1, 2019, to August 31, 2019, were retrieved and analyzed for various sociodemographic and clinical variables. Results: A total of 85 patients with SUDs were admitted during an 8-month period; majority of the patients were male with a mean age of 32 years, middle economic status, and from Punjab. Major substances of abuse were opioid (43.5%), followed by alcohol (37.6%) and nicotine and cannabis (5.9%). The most common route of administration was oral, followed by injecting, chasing, and smoking. Overall, 32 patients completed the detoxification during hospitalization. Age of the patient, withdrawal severity, and duration of stay in the ward are good predictors of completion of detoxification. Conclusion: It can be concluded from the study that older patients, increased severity of withdrawals, and longer duration of stay are good predictors of successful detoxification.

Aflatoxin B1 and Zearalenone-Detoxifying Profile of Rhodococcus Type Strains.

Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and zearalenone (ZON) are dangerous mycotoxins due to their carcinogenicity or oestrogenicity. To alleviate negative effects on humans and animals, successful detoxification tools are needed. The application of microorganisms to biodegrade mycotoxins can be an effective way in food and feed industry enhancing food safety. Several Rhodococcus strains are effective in the degradation of aromatic mycotoxins and their application in mycotoxin biodetoxification processes is a promising field of biotechnology. In this study, we investigated the AFB1 and ZON detoxification ability of 42 type strains of Rhodococcus species. Samples were analysed by high-performance liquid chromatograph equipped with fluorescence detector for mycotoxin concentration and SOS-chromotest was used for monitoring remaining genotoxicity. Out of the 42 Rhodococcus strains, 18 could eliminate more than 90% of the applied AFB1 and the genotoxicity was ceased by 15 strains in 72h (R. imtechensis JCM 13270T, R. erythropolis JCM 3201T, R. tukisamuensis JCM 11308T, R. rhodnii JCM 3203T, R. aerolatus JCM 19485T, R. enclensis DSM 45688T, R. lactis DSM 45625T, R. trifolii DSM 45580T, R. qingshengii DSM 45222T, R. artemisiae DSM 45380T, R. baikonurensis DSM 44587T, R. globerulus JCM 7472T, R. kroppenstedtii JCM 13011T, R. pyridinivorans JCM 10940T, R. corynebacterioides JCM 3376T). In case of ZON, only R. percolatus JCM 10087T was able to degrade more than 90% of the compound and to reduce the oestrogenicity with 70%.

Ecotoxicological assessment of oil-based paint using three-dimensional multi-species bio-testing model: pre- and post-bioremediation analysis.

The present study validates the oil-based paint bioremediation potential of Bacillus subtilis NAP1 for ecotoxicological assessment using a three-dimensional multi-species bio-testing model. The model included bioassays to determine phytotoxic effect, cytotoxic effect, and antimicrobial effect of oil-based paint. Additionally, the antioxidant activity of pre- and post-bioremediation samples was also detected to confirm its detoxification. Although, the pre-bioremediation samples of oil-based paint displayed significant toxicity against all the life forms. However, post-bioremediation, the cytotoxic effect against Artemia salina revealed substantial detoxification of oil-based paint with LD50 of 121μlml-1 (without glucose) and > 400μlml-1 (with glucose). Similarly, the reduction in toxicity against Raphanus raphanistrum seeds germination (%FG = 98 to 100%) was also evident of successful detoxification under experimental conditions. Moreover, the toxicity against test bacterial strains and fungal strains was completely removed after bioremediation. In addition, the post-bioremediation samples showed reduced antioxidant activities (% scavenging = 23.5 ± 0.35 and 28.9 ± 2.7) without and with glucose, respectively. Convincingly, the present multi-species bio-testing model in addition to antioxidant studies could be suggested as a validation tool for bioremediation experiments, especially for middle and low-income countries. Graphical abstract ᅟ.

A Biomass-Derived Non-Noble Cobalt Catalyst for Selective Hydrodehalogenation of Alkyl and (Hetero)Aryl Halides.

Hydrodehalogenation is a straightforward approach for detoxifications of harmful anthropogenic organohalide-based pollutants, as well as removal of halide protecting groups used in multistep syntheses. A novel sustainable catalytic material was prepared from biowaste (chitosan) in combination with an earth-abundant cobalt salt. The heterogeneous catalyst was fully characterized by transmission electron microscope, X-ray diffraction, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements, and successfully applied to hydrodehalogenation of alkyl and (hetero)aryl halides with broad scope (>40 examples) and excellent chemoselectivity using molecular hydrogen as a reductant. The general usefulness of this method is demonstrated by successful detoxification of non-degradable pesticides and fire retardants. Moreover, the potential of the catalyst as a deprotection tool is demonstrated in a multistep synthesis of (±)-peronatin B (alkaloid).

A Biomass‐Derived Non‐Noble Cobalt Catalyst for Selective Hydrodehalogenation of Alkyl and (Hetero)Aryl Halides

AbstractHydrodehalogenation is a straightforward approach for detoxifications of harmful anthropogenic organohalide‐based pollutants, as well as removal of halide protecting groups used in multistep syntheses. A novel sustainable catalytic material was prepared from biowaste (chitosan) in combination with an earth‐abundant cobalt salt. The heterogeneous catalyst was fully characterized by transmission electron microscope, X‐ray diffraction, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements, and successfully applied to hydrodehalogenation of alkyl and (hetero)aryl halides with broad scope (>40 examples) and excellent chemoselectivity using molecular hydrogen as a reductant. The general usefulness of this method is demonstrated by successful detoxification of non‐degradable pesticides and fire retardants. Moreover, the potential of the catalyst as a deprotection tool is demonstrated in a multistep synthesis of (±)‐peronatin B (alkaloid).