C a s e management has been an important part of HIV/AIDS treatment and care coordination since the early days of the epidemic. Although there are a variety of models of case management, some using nurses and/or social workers and other peer support by volunteers, components of the case management model function are evident in almost all HIV/AIDS service delivery systems (Jellinek, 1988; Mor, Piette, & Fleishman, 1989; Morrison, 1993; Piette, Fleishman, Mor, & Thompson, 1992; Sowell & Meadows, 1994). HIV/AIDS has been a disease of progressive morbidity, decreasing functional ability, and most often, death. The major aims of HIV/AIDS case management have been to provide support to persons living with HIV infection and link them to appropriate levels of health care and social services (Sowell & Grier, 1995). The overall goal of helping persons with HIV/AIDS to stay well as long as possible and maximize their abilities has provided the underpinning of the case manager's efforts. Case managers have needed to help clients plan for a disease trajectory that, although progressing at varying rates with different individuals, most often represented a downward spiral in physical health and functional ability. Successful case management has assisted the client to move along his or her individual disease trajectory with the greatest support and source of well-being possible. Recent advances in the treatment of HIV/AIDS may be mandating that we rethink our goals for case management. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention reported that in 1996, the total number of deaths related to HIV/AIDS was down for the first time, even though the number of persons infected with HIV continues to grow (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1997). Additionally, a new group of drugs (protease inhibitors) became available in 1995 (Phillips, 1996). The use of protease inhibitors in multiple-drug treatment regimes has resulted in dramatic improvement in slowing or arresting disease progression in many persons who were severely immune compromised and whose physical conditions were rapidly deteriorating. Initial reports show multiple-drug therapy combining a protease inhibitor with reverse transcriptase inhibitors has resulted in increased CD4+ counts, decreased viral loads (sometimes to undetectable levels), and improved functional ability in many persons with HIV/AIDS (Collier et al., 1994; Fischl, 1995; Hirsch, Ranlins, & Leavitt, 1997; Markowitz et al., 1997; Pollard, 1994; Ungvarski, 1997). It is acknowledged that such therapy does not work for everyone, however, the improvement in many patients' conditions has been so dramatic that some clinicians are referring to this phenomena as the Lazarus syndromemindividuals are seemingly returning from being seriously ill and/or near death to a more stable condition (Gregonis, 1997). For those individuals experiencing the benefits of protease inhibitors, the traditional trajectory of HIV/AIDS is changed as their disease progression stabilizes or improves. Suddenly, persons living with HIV/AIDS are being challenged to reconsider their life options. No longer progressively withdrawing from life, these individuals are finding the need to reengage and reconstruct their lives. Yet, even with a more stable disease status, a large number of those individuals remain chronically ill and face the uncertainty of not knowing when they may experience a drug failure or deterioration of their condition. The need for persons with HIV/AIDS to reconstruct their lives in an environment of uncertainty has implications for case managers who work with these individuals and for the organization of health care and social services. It means we must expand current case management efforts to assist individuals in balancing the challenges of planning for a new future while acknowledging the ongoing need for treatment and