Successful Aging Scale Research Articles

Attitudes toward successful aging in individuals with chronic disease aged 65 or over

Aim: To determine the relationship between attitudes toward aging and old age, and successful aging in individuals with chronic disease aged 65 or over. Methods: The Attitude Scale toward Aging and Elderliness and the Successful Aging Scale were employed in this descriptive, cross-sectional, comparative study. Data were expressed as frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation and were analyzed using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, the t test, One-Way ANOVA, and Pearson correlation analysis. p values <0.05 were regarded as significant. Results: Individuals with chronic disease had greater difficulty in accepting old age, greater social exhaustion, greater abilities to cope with problems, and higher successful aging scores. Conclusion: This study shows that despite their negative attitudes toward old age, individuals with chronic disease had greater abilities to cope with problems and aged more successfully.

The Relationship Between Spiritual Health and Successful Aging

Objectives: Successful aging is a positive inner feeling and satisfaction with the past and present life experiences. Thus, the present study aimed to determine the predicting factors of successful aging in a sample of Iranian elderly. Methods &amp; Materials: This cross-sectional and descriptive-analytic study was conducted on 291 elderly in Qazvin City, Iran, in 2018. The study participants were selected using the two-stage cluster sampling method. Data collection was performed using the demographic characteristics checklist, the Successful Aging Scale, and Paloutzian and Ellison Spiritual Wellbeing Scale. Data analysis was conducted using descriptive tests (frequency, percentage, central &amp; dispersion indices) and a hierarchical linear regression model. Results: The study sample was 291 elderly with a Mean±SD age of 68.3±6.7 years. The obtained results indicated that the spiritual health of 81.1% of the explored elderly was strong; most of the examined elderly presented a good level of successful aging. Besides, spiritual health was a predictor of successful aging in the study participants. Regarding the aspects of spiritual health, existential health positively and significantly impacted successful aging (B=0.65, P&lt;0.001). Furthermore, the obtained data revealed that the employed elderly (B:4.29), compared to housewives (B:-4.25), those with high economic status, compared to those with a moderate (B:-3.44) and low (B:-7.332) economic level, and the elderly without a history of physical (B:-4.55) and mental (B:-2.54) conditions obtained significantly higher scores in successful aging. Conclusion: The existential aspect of spiritual health is among the predictors of successful aging. Given the importance and sensitivity of the issues related to the elderly, by interventions focused on spiritual education, one can increase the quality of this period and enrich it.

Successful Aging of Men with Various Chronic Health Conditions Residing in Nursing Homes

This study investigated the successful aging among men with various chronic health conditions. A cohort of 303 male participants (50 men with high blood pressure, 32 with cardiac disease, 30 with diabetes mellitus, 23 with the prostate gland, and 39 with other diseases) were included in the study. Successful aging scale (SAS), independence in activities of daily living scale (ADLs), instrumental activities of daily living scale (IADLs), satisfaction with life scale (SLs) were performed. SLs was positively associated with SAS (R = .287;r2 = .083;p⩽.001), healthy lifestyle habits (HLH) (R = .046;r2 = .014;p⩽.001), struggle against difficulties (SAD) (R = .307;r2 = .094;p⩽.001), and IADLs (R = .156;r2 = .024;p⩽.001). Age was negatively associated with IADL (R = .247;r2 = .061;p⩽.001). Age was unassociated with SAS or the components (HLH;SAD). Monthly income was positively associated with SLs (R = .409;r2 = .167;p⩽.001). Education was positively associated with SAD (R = .230;r2 = .053;p⩽.001), HLH (R = .237;r2 = .056;p⩽.001), SLs (R = .190;r2 = .036;p⩽.001), and SAS (R = .252;r2 = .064;p⩽.001). The SAS with its components was valid and reliable [χ2:92,485; χ2/df:2.371; SRMR:.099; RMSEA:.067; NNFI:.926; IFI:.937; CFI:936; GFI:.916; AGFI:.916]. SLs and education had a positive effect on SAS, and its components (HLH, SAD). The SAS was proved with validity and reliability.

Mediating role of resilience between successful aging and acculturation among older Korean immigrants In the United States

Background: This study was to investigate how acculturative stress affects older Korean immigrants' successful aging and whether resilience can play a mediator's role to the sample population's successful aging or not. The research design was a cross-sectional survey using three valid and reliable scales such as Successful Aging Scale, Acculturative Stress Scale, and Resilience Scale. A research shows that there is no or minimum correlation between acculturative stress and successful aging (Choi &amp; Thomas, 2009). However, it was hypothesized that although there was a weak correlation between acculturative stress and successful aging, once the resilience involved as a mediator, the correlation would be stronger.&#x0D; Methods: The study was designed as a self-administered survey research using the scales mentioned above. One hundred and two (N=102) older Koreans who currently enrolled in Adult Health Care Centers in Los Angeles, CA, participated in this study. Multiple Regression, Correlation, ANOVA, and t-test was administered to analyze the collected data.&#x0D; Results: The results indicated that there was a positive but weak correlation between acculturative stress and the sample population's successful aging rate (r = .252, p&lt;.05). Interestingly, when resilience intervened as a mediator, the correlation between acculturation and successful aging was increased to (r = .622, p&lt;.05). Therefore, the study discovered that the resilience was able to play a mediator's role between acculturative stress and successful aging among the older Korean immigrants.&#x0D; Implications: The findings can be directed to social work researchers and practitioners to help educate the ethnic older adults in the community on the social and behavioral importance of the positive aspects of aging such as successful aging and healthy aging to increase the chance of community member's longevity. Future research will include other ethnic and immigrant older populations in the community to show internal and external validity of the study related to successful aging, acculturative stress, and resilience.

Cross-cultural adaptation and psychometric properties of the Brazilian Portuguese version of successful aging scale in community-dwelling older adults.

There is a growing consensus regarding the multidimensional nature of successful aging (SA), including both the biomedical and psychosocial domains of the aging process. The Successful Aging Scale (SAS) is a self-rated instrument addressing both of these components. The aim of this study was to analyze the psychometric properties of the Brazilian Portuguese version of the SAS (SAS-B) with regard to reliability and validity in 949 Brazilian community-dwelling older adults (53.60% women; M = 69.49 years; standard deviation = 7.67). Confirmatory factorial analysis (CFA) was performed to provide evidence on its structural validity. Convergent and divergent validity was studied by means of examining the relationships of SAS-B with scales concerning resilience, life satisfaction, self-esteem, social support, perceived stress, and health, as well as mental health. The CFA showed that the SAS-B is multidimensional with three correlated factors (χ2 /df = 2.74; standardized root mean square residual = 0.03; root mean square error approximation = 0.04; comparative fit index = 0.91), and its factors showed adequate reliability (ω = 0.70 for Healthy living habits, ω = 0.69 for Adaptive coping, and ω = 0.70 for Engagement with Life). Convergent and divergent validity was endorsed by correlations with related factors. The SAS-B is a reliable and valid self-rated instrument to measure the SA from a multidimensional perspective.

Construction and validation of the Self-assessed Successful Aging Scale

Konstrukt uspješnog starenja često se spominje u novijoj gerontološkoj literaturi premda nije postignut konsenzus u pogledu njegove definicije i komponenti koje uključuje. Iz toga proizlaze i brojni načini njegove operacionalizacije. U radu je prikazan postupak konstrukcije i validacije Skale samoprocjene uspješnog starenja, prve mjere kojom se ovaj konstrukt pokušalo izravno ispitati na hrvatskim uzorcima starijih osoba. Metrijske karakteristike skale provjerene su na uzorku od 479 starijih osoba u dobi od 60 do 95 godina (M = 69,37; SD = 7,03) iz različitih dijelova Hrvatske. Konfirmatornom faktorskom analizom donekle je potvrđena pretpostavljena jednofaktorska struktura skale (uz uvođenje dodatnih parametara u jednofaktorski model). Skala je pokazala zadovoljavajuću osjetljivost i pouzdanost. U prilog valjanosti skale govore i značajne povezanosti između rezultata na skali i nekih konstrukata za koje se i očekuje da bi trebali biti povezani s uspješnim starenjem, kao što su tjelesno i mentalno zdravlje, zadovoljstvo životom, doživljaj smisla života, optimizam, generativnost i dr. Zaključno, Skala samoprocjene uspješnog starenja je u ispitanom uzorku starijih osoba pokazala dobre metrijske karakteristike te se može upotrebljavati u istraživanjima uspješnog starenja. Ipak, poželjne su daljnje provjere njezine faktorske strukture, te su otvorene mogućnosti za daljnje revizije njezina sadržaja s ciljem poboljšanja njezine valjanosti i kulturalne osjetljivosti, kako bi skala što bolje zahvatila konstrukt uspješnog starenja u hrvatskom kulturalnom okruženju. Ključne riječi: Skala samoprocjene uspješnog starenja, mjere uspješnog starenja, uspješno starenje, starije osobe

Cross-cultural adjustment of successful aging scale and its reliability and validity in urban elderly

Objective To revised the Taiwan version successful aging inventory (SAI), and verify its reliability and validity in urban elderly in mainland China. Methods SAI was adjusted by culture and revised by pre-test to form a formal questionnaire. A sample of 600 elderly people in Guangzhou was chosen for a face-to-face questionnaire survey through convenient sampling. Half of the sample (n=300) was randomly selected for exploratory factor analysis, and the other was used to confirm the structural validity of SAI. Results Exploratory factor analysis extracted six common factors, including health autonomy, economic security, life adaptation, society and relative relationship, study and family. The cumulative contribution rate of six common factors was 65.366%. The fitting indexes of confirmatory factor analysis were χ2/df=1.861, CFI=0.930, IFI=0.930, TLI=0.923, GFI=0.823, RMSEA=0.054, RMR=0.073. There were significant ceiling effects in the four dimensions of health autonomy, economic security, life adaptation, and family. The internal consistency coefficient (Cronbach's α) of SAI was 0.930, and the test-retest reliability was 0.943. An average score of SAI ≥ 3.95 points was considered successful aging. Conclusion Reliability and validity of SAI are good, which can be used to measure the successful aging status of Chinese elders and track the effectiveness of health promotion measures. Key words: Successful aging; The elderly; Reliability; Validity

A study on the relationship between perceptions of successful aging and life satisfaction of Turkish elderly people.

In the current study, the relationship between perceptions of successful aging and the life satisfaction of Turkish elderly people was investigated. This cross-sectional study was conducted with 561 elderly people at a public hospital. The mean scores of the participating elderly people obtained from the Successful Aging Scale (54.34 ± 11.55) and Satisfaction with Life Scale (3.46 ± 1.01) were high, and there was a significant positive correlation (r = 0.305) between them. Activities to ensure successful aging in elderly people, such as training and awareness-raising, may increase their life satisfaction.

Successful Aging of Elderly People in Low Economic Status Who Are Still Working and it is Related To Daily Activities and Hardiness

Raising the age of life expectancy has its impact on the increasing number of elderly people, and it is expected that they can achieve successful aging including those who are in low economic status and still working. The aim of this quantitative research is to examine the effect of daily activities and hardiness simultaneously toward successful aging of elderly people in low economic status who are still working. The research participants were 120 elderly people who lived in Central Java (Salatiga, Semarang, Surakarta, Magelang, Pekalongan, and Tegal) with the characteristic aged of 60 and over, communicative, and they were willing to be participants. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling. The data was obtained using Daily Activity Scale, Hardiness Scale and Successful Aging Scale. This data was analyzed using statistical techniques of multiple linear regression, with the results of F = 45,329 and a significant value of 0.00 (p<0.05) which means that there is an effect of simultaneous daily activities and hardiness on successful aging. The higher the daily activities and hardiness, the higher the success of aging and vice versa. The effective contribution of the two variables to successful aging was 43,7 percent and 56,3 percent was influenced by other variables.

Self-Esteem dan Hardiness Sebagai Prediktor Successful Aging Lansia yang Tinggal Sendiri

The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of self-esteem and hardiness on successful aging in the elderly who live alone. This research is a quantitative study with 142 participants who lived alone (at least living with a partner, not with children) in 6 cities in Central Java, which were obtained using a purposive sampling technique. Data were obtained using Successful Aging Scale (Rowe and Kahn), Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (Rosenberg) and Short Hardiness Scale (Bartone). The results of this study indicate that simultaneous self-esteem and hardiness as predictors of successful aging in elderly people who live alone (minimum life with a partner, not with children), seen from the obtained Fcount value of 35.963 and Ftable of 2.670 (Fcount > Ftable) and a significance value of 0,000 (p <0,05). That is, this study provides practical implications, namely when the elderly who live alone have high self-esteem and hardiness, it will affect the high successful aging of the elderly in their old age.

Successful Aging: Illness and Social Connections.

The objective of this study was to examine the role of social determinants of health: gender, income, education, housing, and social connections in successful aging in older adults aging with illness. Participants were 50 adults aged 65–90 years, all aging in place in their own home, and reporting at least one illness. This pilot study used non-probability sampling and employed both online and in-person interviews. The majority (82%) were aging “successfully” or “somewhat successfully” as reported on the single item successful aging scale and demonstrated by their scores on the Successful Aging Inventory (SAI). Correlations were not significant between SAI and gender, income, education, or housing. A significant negative correlation was found between SAI and community activity. However, there were significant positive correlations between SAI and religious activity and relationships. The regression model was a linear combination of participants’ community and religious activity and relationships. The majority of older adults aging with illness consider themselves to be aging successfully, but their scores are influenced by relationships with others as well as religious and community activity. Frequent community activity had a suppressor effect on successful aging.

Successful Present, Successful Future? Assessment of a Nonbinary Model of Successful Aging

Though many models of successful aging exist, there is a need for assessments of the empirical validity of these models and their measures. This study tests the validity of the multidimensional model of successful aging presented by Young and colleagues. Expanding on an earlier validation study, this analysis uses 1,211 respondents from the Americans' Changing Lives (ACL) study to determine predictive and discriminant validity. Respondents were surveyed in 1986, 1989, and 1994, providing an opportunity to assess if a baseline 5-point successful aging scale is associated with present and future outcomes. Validators include self-report items and interviewer recorded observations. In addition, a survival analysis of 24 years of ACL mortality data is conducted to confirm that baseline successful aging decreases risk of all-cause mortality. Results illustrate that, in some cases as far as 8 years in the future, low successful aging scores correspond with higher risk of future hospitalization and depressive episodes, interviewer observed difficulty moving around, low self-rated health, and decreased life satisfaction. Lowest scorers also had a 356% higher risk of mortality compared to individuals with the highest scores. These findings provide further evidence that Young and colleagues' successful aging construct is empirically valid and could be applied in future research and practice. Most respondents had middling scores, suggesting that future analyses should be cautious about concealing heterogeneity by operationalizing successful aging as a binary outcome.

The relationship between aging perception and successful aging in the community elderly

Objective To explore the relationship between ageing perception and successful aging. Methods The Brief Aging Perceptions Questionnaire (B-APQ) and Successful Aging Scale were used in 700 community elderly people. Results Different sex, age, degree of education, spouse status, income level, exercise had significantly impact on the score of aging perception and successful aging (P<0.05). The total mean score of successful ageing was (41.35±10.66), and the total score of ageing perception was (47.43±13.88). The total score of aging perception and the total score of successful aging were negative correlation(r=-0.768, P<0.01). Multiple liner regression results showed that positive, control positive and timeline-chronic dimension played significant roles in successful ageing(P<0.01). Conclusions Aging perception is associated with successful aging.Phychological and behavioral intervention for the elderly can promote the successful aging. Key words: Elderly; Self-perception aging; Successful aging; Correlation

한국 도시민의 목적지향 성향 척도 개발을 위한 연구

본 연구는 한국 도시거주자의 목적 지향성향 척도 개발에 관한 연구이다. 목적지향성향의 개념을 정립하기 위하여 종교적 학문적 연구를 참조하고 기존의 생산성이나 성공적 노화 또는 삶의 질 척도를 검토하였다. 그 결과 설문을 위해 57개의 문항을 작성하였으며 목회자, 신학대학교수, 사회복지사 등의 축조심의를 거쳐 44개 문항으로 예비문항을 만들었다. 이후 응답자로부터의 효과적 설문을 위해 통계전문 교수와 중복조항 제거, 체계적인 연구 모델 수립을 위해 당해 전문 교수의 검토를 통해 문항을 수정하여 최종 27개 문항을 확정하였다. 수도권을 중심으로 설문을 실시하여 380부를 수집한 후 요인분석을 한 결과 측정도구의 타당성을 검증하였으며, "존재의 인지", "자율적 삶", "자기완성", "적극성", "수용성", "경제성" 등 6개의 하위 요인으로 분류되었다. 신뢰도의 경우 Cronbach's <TEX>${\alpha}$</TEX>값이 0.6 이상으로 신뢰할만한 수준이었다. The aim of this study was to develop a scale of the Korea citizen's intentionality out of their inborn ability and mission. To set up the concept of the above intentionality, there have been many academic and religious studies for reference in addition to the existing productivity, Korea elderly successful aging scale, and the scale of life qualities for review. The first 57 items for questionnaires were created thereafter. The final 27 items were confirmed, which were constantly modified by a professor of statistics and corresponding author in effective response and in removing the redundant items after the first items had been reduced to 44 preliminary items through the many an item-by-item discussions with pastors, theologians and social workers. A survey was conducted around the metropolitan area and 380 records were collected. Factor analysis to verify the validity of the measurement tool was completed, and showed that there were 6 sub-factors; "recognition of being", "autonomous life", "self-completion", "initiative", "acceptance", and "economic feasibility". In addition, reliability analysis was implemented and found to be reliable because the Cronbach's <TEX>${\alpha}$</TEX> value was 0.6 or more.

여성노인의 성공적 노화 척도 개발

여성노인의 성공적 노화 척도 개발

지역사회 노인의 생활만족도, 건강행위와 성공적 노후간의 관계

Purpose: This study was conducted in order to the relationship between life satisfaction, health behaviors, and successful aging and factors associated with successful aging. Methods: Participants in this study included 159 elders living in one city. Data on life satisfaction (Choi's Life Satisfaction Scale for Korean elderly, 1984), health behaviors (Choi & Kim's Health Behaviors Scale for Korean elderly, 1997), and successful aging (Kim & Shin's Successful Aging Scale for Korean elderly, 2005) were collected by trained interviewers. For analysis of collected data, the PASW 18.0 program was used, which included descriptive analysis, t-test, ANOVA, Scheffe test, Pearson correlation coefficients, and Multiple regression. Results: Results showed a positive correlation between life satisfaction, health behaviors, and successful aging. Life satisfaction, self-perceived health status, and health behavior explained 60.8% of successful aging. Conclusion: There is a need to help improve health behavior and self-perceived health status of elders. We should also understand life satisfaction over their life span and establish a program that encourages healthy behavior in the community. Accordingly, these efforts will allow for achievement of a more successful aging process for the elderly.

Factors influencing the successful aging of older Korean adults

Background: The study trend has been undergoing a change, increasingly focusing on successful aging factors for obtaining a healthy and happy life in old age and in an aging society. This study examined and identified the factors influencing the degree of successful aging among older Korean adults. This study was a cross-sectional design. The participants comprised of 305 Korean older people aged 60 years or over, who met eligibility criteria. Measures: Measures were a general characteristics form, the self-liking/self-competence scale-revised version (SLCS-R) form, the self-efficacy scale, the interpersonal relationship scale, the self-achievement instrument, and the successful aging scale. Results: The analyses showed that the prediction model for successful aging among older Korean adults was significant (F = 159.09, p < 0.001). The value of the adjusted R2 was 0.692, which corresponds to the explanatory power of 69.2%. The factor that was found to have the most influence on successful aging among older Korean adults was self-esteem (â = 0.38), followed by self-achievement (â = 0.25), interpersonal relationships (â = 0.22), and self-efficacy (â = 0.21). Conclusions: This cross-sectional study provides preliminary evidence that self-esteem is a major and primary predictor of successful aging among older Korean adults. In the nursing practice, health professionals can use the results of this study in order to help older Korean adults obtain a positive outlook, promote a sense of self-worth, and achieve a higher degree of adaptability towards aging despite the health problems and personal issues associated with older age by providing intervention programs that advocate successful aging.

Outcome Among Community Dwelling Older Adults with Schizophrenia: Results Using Five Conceptual Models

There have been few studies examining the outcome of schizophrenia in later life. Using five conceptual models, we test two hypotheses with respect to range of outcomes among older schizophrenia outpatients and how they compare to their age peers in the community. We operationalized five outcome measures from the following conceptual models: Remission, adapting criteria of Andreasen et al. (The American Journal of Psychiatry, 162:441-449, 2005); Recovery, adapting the criteria by Liberman et al. (International Review of Psychiatry, 14:256-272, 2002); Community Integration using the model of Wong and Solomon (Mental Health Services Research, 4:13-28, 2002); Subjective and Objective Successful Aging using the model of Rowe and Kahn (Science, 237:143-149, 1987). The schizophrenia (S) group consisted of 198 community-dwelling persons aged 55 and over who developed schizophrenia before age 45 and a community comparison (CC) group (N = 113). Remission and recovery criteria were met by 49 and 17% of the S group, respectively. There were significant differences between the S and CC groups in the distribution of community integration and successful aging scales: 41% of the CC group met at least 10 of 12 criteria versus 23% of the S group on the Community Integration Scale; 19% of the CC group met all six criteria vs. 2% of the S group on the Objective Successful Aging Scale; 27% of the CC group vs. 13% of the S group met all six criteria on the Subjective Successful Aging Scale. Correlations among the five outcome measures ranged from r = .19 to .48 (median value: r = .26 or 7% shared variance). There is wide variability in outcome in later life depending on which measure is used. Rather than one universal indicator, each measure offers a different perspective that can provide useful guidelines for researchers, clinicians, and policy makers.

A Study on Life Satisfaction in Old Age : Applying 'Successful Aging Scale' for Korean Elderly

A Study on Life Satisfaction in Old Age : Applying 'Successful Aging Scale' for Korean Elderly

The Study on the Development of the Korean Elderly's Successful Aging Scale

The Study on the Development of the Korean Elderly's Successful Aging Scale