Success Rate Of Restorations Research Articles

Analysis of Humic Acid Content in Reject Coal as an Organic Fertilizer in Coal Mining Reclamation Areas

An important effort to restore the productivity of degraded land is land reclamation, especially in areas where ecosystems have been destroyed. The use of organic materials that can improve soil quality is one of the methods used in the reclamation process. Humic acid, an organic component found in natural organic materials such as humus and compost, has attracted attention as an organic fertilizer material that can be used in reclamation, the aim of this research is to analyze the use of humic acid as an organic fertilizer in the reclamation process in the Spice Land area, South Kalimantan. This research was carried out through field and laboratory studies, looking at how humic acid affects the properties of degraded soil, pH, height and stem diameter. The results showed that the application of humic acid significantly improved the quality of reclaimed soil by increasing the soil's capacity to store water and increasing its fertility in addition to the physicochemical benefits, the use of humic acid helps the environment. By using it as an organic fertilizer in the reclamation process, you no longer need to use synthetic chemical fertilizers, which can have a bad impact on the environment. It also supports sustainable agricultural practices ,in reclamation, the use of humic acid as an organic fertilizer shows great potential to increase the success rate of restoration of degraded land. Consequently, this research encourages environmentally friendly practices for the restoration of damaged ecosystems and helps sustainable land management.

Which caries removal method to select?

Searches were carried out using PubMed/MEDLINE and Web of Science databases between January 2008 and January 2023. Only articles in English language were included. Boolean operators were used to search: "permanent teeth" OR "permanent tooth" OR "permanent dentition" AND "deep caries" OR "stepwise" AND "partial caries removal OR "stepwise caries removal" OR "pulp vitality" OR "healing rate". Inclusion criteria were randomised controlled trials, which compared the total removal of carious tissue with either a selective or stepwise removal in permanent teeth with deep carious lesions. Criteria also required a follow up of at least 6 months and publications in English. Exclusion criteria were articles in other languages, articles not comparing different types of total or selective caries removal and articles published before January 2008. Data extraction followed PRISMA guidelines. Two reviewers independently screened articles, analysing titles and abstracts using Rayyan's Intelligent Systematic Review Platform. They also collected data and risk of bias assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool for Randomised Trials, dividing articles into high risk of bias, few concerns and low risk of bias. A third researcher resolved conflict or doubt in case of divided opinions. In total, 105 articles were identified, and 10 duplicates removed. 95 articles were reviewed by title and abstract and 75 of these did not meet the inclusion criteria. 20 articles were then read, excluding a further 15 due to comparing only partial removal or non-selective caries removal or absence of numerical data. This left 5 articles which met eligibility criteria. These were randomised controlled trials between 2010 and 2021. Follow up ranged from 1 month to 5 years. The inclusion and exclusion criteria in all studies had similar clinical parameters. 3 studies performed management only on permanent molars, whilst the rest also included management on permanent incisors/canines/premolars and molars. Management of caries was divided into non-selective caries removal vs partial caries removal (either selective or stepwise). All but 2 studies included specific information about the materials used. Liners were calcium hydroxide or Dycal, provisional restorations were glass ionomer cements or Ketax Molar and definitive restorations were Herculite Tetric N-Ceram resin, Ivolclar Vivadent or amalgam. Clinical success or failure was measured using pulp vitality, absence of periapical lesions, radiographic analysis and lack of symptoms. Clinical follow up was evaluated by external examiners, although 2 studies did not specify this clearly. There were a variety of tools used for statistical analysis in each study. When comparing non-selective caries removal with either selective or stepwise, 3 studies proposed statistically significant differences in terms of longevity, marginal integrity and success rate of restorations. 1 study stated inexistence of statistically relevant divergences between procedures. Non-selective caries removal is not highly recommended for deep carious lesions and may be considered invasive and risks pulpal exposure. Both selective and stepwise removal are considered conservative approaches. Selective removal is considered the best management option in the short term (with 1.5 years follow up), predominantly related to a lower risk of pulpal exposure. At 5 years, however, the results of selective were similar to those of non-selective, accepting the null hypothesis. There were also no differences in success rates for materials used for definitive restorations.

The Effect of Ground and Unground Enamel on the Clinical Performance of Direct Composite Build-up After Orthodontic Treatment: Five Years of Follow-up.

To assess the clinical performance of restorations with ground and unground enamel for diastema closure. Twenty-four patients attended and received two to ten composite build-ups for diastema closure. The restorations were performed separately by grinding and not grinding the enamel on the proximal surfaces on symmetric teeth. A nanofill direct composite (Filtek Ultimate Universal Restorative System, 3M ESPE, St Paul, MN, USA) was used with a three-step etch-and-rinse adhesive (Scotchbond Multi-Purpose, 3M ESPE) for restorations. Restorations were evaluated according to the modified United States Public Health Service (USPHS) criteria at baseline and 1-, 2-, 3-, 4-, and 5-year recalls. The cumulative success rate of direct composite build-up with ground and unground enamel was 100% and 88.7%, respectively. Six restorations with unground enamel failed due to fracture. No significant difference was found between the restorations with ground enamel and unground enamel with regard to the evaluation criteria. The 5-year success rates of restorations with ground and unground enamel were excellent. The success rate of restorations with ground enamel was higher than that of restorations with unground enamel. Fracture was the reason for failure in the restorations with unground enamel.

Evaluating Clean Water Act progress drivers for Idaho rivers and streams 2002–2022

In the United States, the Clean Water Act (CWA) is the primary legislation driving surface water quality management. Its goal is to “restore and maintain the chemical, physical, and biological integrity of the Nation’s waters.” Section 305(b) of the CWA requires states to document CWA progress by reporting whether applicable water quality standards are achieved for all state waters every two years. Developing strategies for increasing the proportion of waters achieving standards requires diagnosing factors driving 305(b) data temporal trends. This analysis demonstrates how systematically analyzing 305(b) data in new ways can help document CWA progress (or lack thereof) and associated drivers. Idaho 305(b) data were used to evaluate the relative contribution of assessment progress and restoration to 2002–2022 Idaho 305(b) temporal trends. Assessment progress was defined as assessing unassessed waters and correcting assessment errors. Restoration was defined as changes from not achieving one or more standards to achieving all assessed standards because water quality improved. From 2002–2022, the percentage of Idaho stream kilometers achieving all assessed standards increased from 24% to 32%. Systematically evaluating reasons for stream status changes revealed this trend was driven primarily by assessment progress, specifically progress monitoring previously unassessed waters in good condition and correcting prior assessment errors. More stream km changed from impaired to unimpaired because prior assessment errors were corrected than because water quality improved. In each biennial 305(b) report ≤ 5% of all stream km changing status resulted from water quality improvement. As of 2022, more state stream km were impaired (39%) than unassessed (29%) and restoration success rates will likely become the primary driver of 305(b) temporal trends in the future. Systematically analyzing 305(b) data in new ways may help develop new empirically driven strategies for accelerating CWA progress and merits further investigation.

A human operator model for simulation-based resilience assessment of power grid restoration operations

Human operations play a vital role for the resilience of power grids. While past research concentrated on performance in cascading failures, this work proposes a system model that focuses on assessing the impact of the performance of operators in grid operations and restorations. The operator model developed for this purpose addresses human performance and variability by accounting for stochastic durations, potential errors and alternative responses, and the probabilities of these outcomes. Discrete event simulation is the assessment framework, with the model implemented in MATLAB Simulink in conjunction with a dynamic power system model. A re-energization cell provided by a Swiss generation system operator is used for a case study demonstration of the simulation model, which produces distributions of the total restoration duration and restoration success rates while identifying the parts of restoration plans that could be modified to enhance restoration performance. The overall outcomes of the case study suggest that the human element can be treated practically in grid simulations in order to produce findings that will increase grid resilience.

Microtensile Bond Strength of Total-Etch and Self-Etch Universal Adhesives Containing 10-MDP: A Systematic Review

A systematic review was performed to compare the human dentin microtensile bond strength of universal adhesives with 10-MDP when used as total-etch and self-etch strategies. Literature search was done on October 2019 without limitations on the language of publication, in four databases: PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and EBSCO. Additional manual search was done for the grey literature articles: OpenGrey and OpenThesis. Studies that evaluated the dentin bond strength of universal adhesives with 10-MDP using total-etch and self-etch strategy from the year 2000 up till October 2019 were included. The initial search resulted in 5121 references: 2234 from PubMed, 1814 from Scopus, 516 from Web of Science, 553 from EBSCO and 4 from OpenThesis. After full text analysis, 30 references were included in this systematic review. Seven different universal adhesives with 10-MDP were evaluated for dentin microtensile bond strength comparing total-etch and self-etch strategies: Single Bond Universal/Scotchbond Universal (3M ESPE), All Bond Universal (Bisco), Clearfil Universal Bond (Kuraray), G-Premio Bond (GC Corp), Tetric Bond Universal (Ivoclar Vivadent), Ambar Universal (FGM) and One Coat 7 Universal (Coltene). The total-etch strategy improved the dentine microtensile bond strength compared to self-etch strategy for all universal adhesives when stored in all three conditions: 24h, thermocycling and long-term immersion according to ISO (TS 11405:2015(E)). The evidence suggests that microtensile bond strength of universal adhesives containing 10-MDP may be improved utilizing total-etch strategy compared to self-etch strategy. This study provides valuable information on the importance of appropriate dentin adhesives strategy that affect success rate of restorations, which helps clinicians to make informed decisions on the strategy to be used during restorations in practice.

Bicanalicular-nasal silicone stent for deep canalicular laceration management

We evaluated the efficacy and clinical outcomes of bicanalicular-nasal silicone stents for deep canalicular lacerations and their anatomical restoration advantages. This retrospective case series study included patients with deep canalicular lacerations who underwent bicanalicular-nasal silicone stent intubation between January 2010 and June 2021 at a Chinese tertiary hospital and two primary hospitals. Intra- and post-operative complications were recorded. Anatomical, functional, and cosmetic outcomes were evaluated as anatomical restoration assessments at the last follow-up. We defined anatomical success as a free passage with no reflux during irrigation. Functional success was evaluated using the Munk epiphora scale and fluorescein dye disappearance test. Cosmetic outcomes were evaluated by examining the eyelid, lacrimal punctum, and medial canthus for any structural abnormalities and recorded objectively using a grading scale. We evaluated 92 eyes of 92 patients (63 men and 29 women); the mean distance from the lateral lacerated end to the punctum was 7.74 mm (range 7-10 mm). Bicanalicular-nasal silicone stents were successfully used in all 92 eyes with no severe intra- or post-operative complications noted. The stent placement duration ranged from 12 to 16 weeks (mean, 13.18 weeks). The follow-up period after stent removal ranged from 3 to 12 months (mean, 6.04 months). The anatomical and functional restoration success rates were 96.74% (89/92) and 100% (92/92), respectively. Satisfactory eyelid position realignment was achieved in all patients. Bicanalicular-nasal silicone stent placement sufficiently relieved orbicularis muscle tension during deep canalicular laceration repair, providing good functional results and excellent cosmetic realignment and anatomical restoration of the eyelid.

Analysis of Diversity Level and Vegetation Structural Composition Post Restoration at Resort Cangkringan Mount Merapi National Park

Mount Merapi eruption in 2010 caused a total of 1,128 ha of damage to Mount Merapi National Park (MMNP). The MMNP Center carried out planting activities as a restoration activity in an area that had a fairly severe impact on Cangkringan Resort. This research is located at Cangkringan Resort in the restoration area of Klangon and Kali Kuning. This study aims to determine the level of diversity and vegetation structure after 10 years of post restoration. Analysis of the composition and structure is important to assess biodiversity and determine the success rate of restoration of the MMNP ecosystem damaged by the eruption. This research uses the line and line transect method with quantitative data analysis by Shanon Weiner and Evenness. This study found 45 plant species in Klangon and 34 plant species in Kali Kuning. The results show that the total level of diversity in Cangkringan Resort MMNP is moderate (1.465), the level of evenness in Klangon is moderate (0.444) and in Kali Kuning moderate (0.346). Therefore, the level of diversity and uniformity of the vegetation at Cangkringan Resort MMNP is at the medium classification level and shows a better change in the improvement of the vegetation.

Single center experience with salvage surgery for chronic pelvic sepsis.

Chronic pelvic sepsis eventually requires salvage surgery in half of all patients. The goal of surgery is to resolve pelvic inflammation while restoring intestinal continuity. Our salvage procedure achieves this by bringing a healthy conduit into the pelvis and creating an anastomosis beyond the source of sepsis. We aimed to review our single center experience with this procedure for the treatment of chronic pelvic sepsis. All patients requiring the procedure from 2010 to 2018 were retrospectively reviewed using a prospective database. Morbidity and mortality were evaluated, and restoration of bowel continuity at 1-year rate was the endpoint. Twenty patients were included. The main indication was pelvic sepsis after anastomotic leak(AL). The median age was 60 (42-86) years and the median BMI was 26 (18-37)kg/m2. The median time carrying a stoma before the intervention was 15months, and median time to intervention was 32months. All patients had a diverting stoma. There were no death and overall morbidity reached 60%, and AL rate was 10%. At 1 year, 70% of the patients had their intestinal continuity restored. In expert hands, salvage surgery for chronic pelvic sepsis has acceptable morbidity rates, an acceptable rate of AL, and a bowel restoration success rate 70% at 1 year, and is a valuable option for patients failing conservative treatment.

Ecosystem service benefits and costs of deep-sea ecosystem restoration

Deep-sea ecosystems are facing degradation which could have severe consequences for biodiversity and the livelihoods of coastal populations. Ecosystem restoration as a natural based solution has been regarded as a useful means to recover ecosystems. The study provides a social cost-benefit analysis for a proposed project to restore the Dohrn Canyon cold water corals and the deep-sea ecosystem in the Bay of Naples, Italy. By incorporating ecosystem service benefits and uncertainties related to a complex natural-technological-social system surrounding restoration activities, the study demonstrated how to evaluate large-scale ecosystem restoration activities. The results indicate that an ecosystem restoration project can be economic (in terms of welfare improvement) even if the restoration costs are high. Our study shows the uncertainty associated with restoration success rate significantly affects the probability distribution of the expected net present values. Identifying and controlling the underlying factors to improve the restoration successful rate is thus crucial.

Bivalve facilitation mediates seagrass recovery from physical disturbance in a temperate estuary

AbstractRapid global degradation of coastal habitats can be attributed to anthropogenic activities associated with coastal development, aquaculture, and recreational surface water use. Restoration of degraded habitats has proven challenging and costly, and there is a clear need to develop novel approaches that promote resilience to human‐caused disturbances. Positive interactions between species can mitigate environmental stress and recent work suggests that incorporating positive interactions into restoration efforts may improve restoration outcomes. We hypothesized that the addition of a potential facultative mutualist, the native hard clam (Mercenaria mercenaria), could enhance seagrass bed recovery from disturbance. We conducted two experiments to examine the independent and interacting effects of hard clam addition and physical disturbance mimicking propeller scarring on mixed community Zostera marina and Halodule wrightii seagrass beds in North Carolina. Adding clams to seagrass beds exposed to experimental disturbance generally enhanced seagrass summer growth rates and autumn shoot densities. In contrast, clam addition to non‐disturbed seagrass beds did not result in any increase in seagrass growth rates or shoot densities. Clam enhancement of autumn percent cover relative to areas without clam addition was most prominent after Hurricane Dorian, suggesting that clams may also enhance seagrass resilience to repeated disturbances. By June of the next growing season, disturbed areas with clam additions had greater percent cover of seagrass than disturbed areas without clam additions. Beds that were disturbed in April had higher percent cover than areas disturbed in June of the previous growing season. Our results suggest that the timing and occurrence of physical disturbances may modify the ability of clams to facilitate seagrass resiliency and productivity. Understanding when and how to utilize positive, interspecific interactions in coastal restoration is key for improving restoration success rates.

Oral Implant Restorations By Undergraduate Students: An Up To 5-Years Clinical Outcome.

To clinically evaluate oral implant restorations placed by undergraduate students in the dental clinical curriculum at KU Leuven (Belgium) in terms of function and esthetics. A retrospective observational cohort study was designed. The esthetic and functional evaluations of implant-supported restorations placed in the framework of the undergraduate implant dentistry clinical training program using White/Pink Esthetic Score (WES/PES) and visual analog scale (VAS) scoring was performed. Furthermore, complications were registered based retrospectively on the patient's medical file. The following research questions were stipulated: (1) How well do implant-supported restorations placed by undergraduate students perform esthetically? and (2) Which complications occurred and how were these managed? Between August 2008 and July 2014 (6 academic terms), 251 implants (Brånemark System Mk III, Nobel Biocare) were placed in 113 patients by 155 students (> 40% of all students enrolled in the training program). Of these implants, 228 were restored in 101 patients by 118 students with varying restoration types. Esthetic scoring of the restorations in 83 of these patients revealed a satisfying mean WES of 8.14 ± 2.09 (out of 10) and PES of 9.56 ± 3.14 (out of 14). Complications were registered in 18.9% of the cases. Clinical training in implant dentistry for undergraduates contributes to the development of advanced skills in the dental student's Master education. Overall, patients were satisfied with their implant-supported restorations. Implant and restoration success rates and complication incidence were confirmed by long-term data in the oral implant literature.

Development of nanostructured titanium implants for biomedical implants – A short review

Implants for bio medical applications have undergone rapid and dramatic developments in the past two decades. From the point of bio-compatibility, titanium (Ti) is superior to other metallic materials due to the formation of a stable passive layer of TiO2 on its surface. Another favorable properties of Ti are the low elastic modulus, light-weight than other surgical metals, and produce fewer artifacts on computer tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).Ti–6Al–4 V (Ti64) is the most widely used surgical Ti alloy. Despite the excellent passivity and corrosion resistance of Ti64, elevated concentrations of metal ions were detected in the tissues around the implants, questions the long-term safety of Ti64 alloy implants. An alternative approach to overcome the problem of harmful ion release is to use pure titanium. However, the mechanical properties of commercially pure (CP) Ti are not as good as Ti64.Severe Plastic Deformation processing provides an opportunity for refining the grains of conventional bulk solids to produce grain sizes within the sub-micrometer or even the nanometer range with higher strength, bioactivity and antibacterial properties. Equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) is a promising and efficient method for the production of bulk ultrafine-grained or nanostructured material with excellent biocompatibility and extraordinary mechanical properties. There have been reports of dental implant fractures in clinical practice, but the success rate of restoration is limited since for the dental and maxillofacial implants, nanostructured CPTi should have, in addition to high strength, and increased fatigue life, even at the locations with stress concentrators. Therefore, the mechanical properties especially fatigue strength of CPTi in clinical practice need to be improved. This short review briefly focuses on the suitability of ECAPed CPTi for medical implants.

Challenges for Restoration of Coastal Marine Ecosystems in the Anthropocene

Coastal marine ecosystems provide critical goods and services to humanity but many are experiencing rapid degradation. The need for effective restoration tools capable of promoting recovery of coastal ecosystems and remediating their valued services has never been greater. We identify four major challenges for the future development and implementation of coastal marine ecosystem restoration (MER): (1) Development of more effective, scalable restoration tools, (2) adaptation of restoration tools to cope with climate change and global stressors, (3) integration of social and ecological restoration priorities, and (4) promotion of the perception and use of coastal MER as a scientifically-credible management approach. Tackling these challenges should improve restoration success rates, heighten their recognition, and accelerate investment in and promotion of coastal MER. Here, to reverse the currently accelerating decline of marine ecosystems, we discuss potential directions for meeting these challenges by applying coastal MER tools that are science-based and actionable. For coastal restoration to have a global impact, it must incorporate social science, technological and conceptual advances, and plan for future climates.

A 24-month randomized controlled trial on the success rates of restoring untreated and SDF-treated dentine caries lesions in primary teeth with the ART approach

ObjectiveTo compare the success rates of restoring untreated and SDF-treated dentine caries lesions in primary teeth with atraumatic restorative treatment (ART) approach. MethodCavitated dentine caries lesions in preschool children were randomly allocated to two groups to be applied with either 38% silver diamine fluoride (SDF) solution or tonic water (control) ten weeks before being restored with the ART approach. Status of the restorations were assessed every six months by a blinded independent examiner. Multilevel logistic regression and multilevel survival analyses were conducted to assess the restoration success rates. ResultsA total of 194 children (SDF group, 101; control group, 93) were included, with 260 and 249 ART restorations placed in the SDF and the control groups, respectively. At 24-month follow-up, 88 (87 %) and 84 (90 %) children remained in the SDF and the control groups, respectively. There was no significant difference between the ART restoration success rates of the two study groups (p > 0.05). The success rate of ART restorations was associated with the class of restorations. Class I restorations had the highest success rate (∼50 %), followed by Class V (∼35 %), Class II (∼15 %) and Class III (<10 %). Besides, the mean time used to place an ART restoration in a SDF-treated caries lesion was shorter than that in untreated lesion (4.8 vs. 5.1 min, p = 0.006). ConclusionPrior SDF application does not significantly affect the success rate of ART restorations placed in primary teeth. Besides, it is faster to place ART restorations in caries lesions that have been previously treated with SDF. Clinical significancePrior application of silver diamine fluoride solution on cavitated dentine caries lesions in primary teeth can shorten the average time required to place an ART restoration while not jeopardizing the success rate of the restorations.

Adhesion between Epoxy Resin-Based Fiber Post and Dental Core Resin Improved by Non-Thermal Atmospheric Pressure Plasma

The purpose of the study was to evaluate the adhesion between dental core resin and epoxy resin-based fiber post after treatment with non-thermal atmospheric pressure plasma (NTAPP) and compare with conventional methods of epoxy resin-based fiber post treatments. Contact angle was measured on the surface of epoxy resin before and after NTAPP treatment and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy was used to analyze the surface chemistry. Finally, two shear bond strength tests were carried out; shear bond strength between core resin and epoxy resin for comparison between NTAPP treated and untreated sample, and push-out shear bond strength between core resin and NTAPP treated commercially available epoxy resin-based fiber post for comparison between NTAPP treated samples with conventionally treated samples. Contact angle on the surface of epoxy resin generally decreased with increasing NTAPP treatment time with presence of surface chemical changes. Also, there was significantly higher shear bond strength and push-out shear bond strength between epoxy resin and core resin for NTAPP treated epoxy resin, even to the conventionally treated epoxy resin-based fiber post with hydrofluoric acid or silane. In conclusion, new technology of NTAPP has potential for application on the epoxy resin-based fiber post to improve endodontic restoration success rate.

Effect of CAD/CAM zirconia post core versus fiberglass post and resin core in treatment of patients with restoration of maxillary anterior teeth

Objective To compare the effect of CAD/CAM zirconia post core and fiberglass post and resin core in treatment of patients with restoration of maxillary anterior teeth. Methods A total of 104 patients with restoration of maxillary anterior teeth were divided into two groups, with 52 cases in each group. Control group was treated with CAD/CAM zirconia post and core, while study group was treated with fiberglass post and resin core. The success rate of restoration, the excellent rate of masticatory function, the intensity of fracture resistance and the index of gingival bleeding were compared between the two groups. Results The success rate of restoration in the study group was 90.38%, which was significantly higher than 75.00% in the control group(P<0.05). The excellent rate of masticatory function within one year after operation in the study group was 96.15%, which was significantly higher than 82.69% in the control group(P<0.05). After treatment, the intensity of fracture resistance was significantly higher than that before treatment in both groups, and the study group was significantly higher than the control group(P<0.05). After treatment, the index of gingival bleeding was significantly lower than that before treatment in both groups, and the study group was significantly lower than the control group(P<0.05). Conclusion Compared with the CAD/CAM zirconia post core, the fiberglass post and resin core has a higher success rate of restoration, a higher excellent rate of masticatory function, and better intensity of fracture resistance and index of gingival bleeding.

Factors determining the timing of swarming of European flat oyster (Ostrea edulis L.) larvae in the Dutch Delta area: Implications for flat oyster restoration

Flat oyster (Ostrea edulis L.) beds were once a dominant habitat type in the Dutch Delta and North Sea, but overharvesting resulted in soft sediment habitats devoid of oysters. Natural recovery of oyster beds will be slow if the natural substrate is lost and therefore, many oyster restoration projects have been set up worldwide. One way to enhance the success rate of restoring flat oyster beds is adding substrate at the moment that larvae are ready to settle. For this, more insight into the drivers of the timing of larval release is needed, which was the aim of this study. Generalized Additive Models (GAMs) were created based on historical data form the Oosterschelde and Lake Grevelingen of the abundance of swarming flat oyster larvae. It was shown that the temperature explains major part of the variation of larval occurrence. The addition of the temperature sum gave best results in the Oosterschelde. It was shown that the first peak in number of oyster larvae was predicted at a temperature sum of 576 degreedays. In Lake Grevelingen daily temperature yielded higher deviance explained values. Furthermore, the lunar cycle also contributed to the timing of larval release in the Oosterschelde, but not in the Lake Grevelingen, most likely since tides are absent in this waterbody. Chlorophyll-a partly explained larval occurrence in Lake Grevelingen, suggesting food abundance is another driving factor in the timing of gametogenetic processes of flat oysters. Furthermore, day-in-year and mean temperature also contribute significantly to the timing of larval swarming in both water bodies. When validated, this information can be used to predict the optimal time window of deployment of substrate for spat settlement in order to increase the success rate of oyster bed restoration.

Prevalence of Molar Incisors Hypomineralisation (MIH) in primary school children

Introduction: Molar Incisor Hypomineralisation (MIH) is an enamel defect with white, yellow or black colour due to minerals insufficient during tooth development. The abnormality of prismatic enamel structures and tooth hypersensitivity on patients with MIH may disturb the success rate of restoration. The objective of this research was to determine the prevalence of MIH in primary school children. Methods: A cross-sectional study with purposive sampling on 619 primary school children at Pasteur Urban Village of Bandung City, Indonesia. All dentition were scored using the European Association of Paediatric Dentist (EAPD) MIH scoring sheet, and oral hygiene status assessment with simplified OHI. All data were descriptively described using distribution table. Results: Distribution of MIH on total of 619 children were scored as follows: 0,1,1a, 2, 2a, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9,10 (0 = free enamel defect; 6, 7, and 8 = alteration to non MIH; 1 -5 and 9 -10 = MIH) with frequencies 417(67.36%), 39(6.30%), 60(.65%), 13(2.10%), 0(0.00%), 7(1.13%), 0(0.00%), 4(0.65%), 0(0.00%), 26(4.20%), 58(9.36%), 0(0.00%), and 49(7.91%) respectively. Conclusion: Prevalence of children with MIH in primary school is quite high (19% (118 out of 619 participants)). The highest prevalence is found at the 11 years old group with 49 participants (36.84%), while the prevalence in boys (83 (62.4%)) is found to be higher than girls (50 (37.59%)).Keywords: Prevalence, Molar Incisor Hypomineralisation (MIH), primary school children

Clinical considerations in the use of dental light curing unit

Increasing the aesthetic needs of patients and decreasing the use of amalgam had led to increased demand for dental resin composite. Thereby, light curing unit (LCU) has become an essential equipment in dental clinic. To ensure long-term prognosis of photopolymerized materials, LCU should have a uniform and consistent radiant output and an emission spectrum that includes the active wavelength range of photoinitiators. In addition, when the correct use and thorough maintenance and repair of LCU are performed, the higher success rate of restoration using photopolymerization materials will be achieved.