Successful Policy Research Articles

Recruitment Policies for Primary School Educators and National Professional Standards: A Qualitative Analysis

A successful recruitment policy ensures the selection of competent and qualified teachers for the education as well as the overall development of students. Primary education is the foundation of the entire education system. but unfortunately, Pakistan stands at a very low position among other countries of the world in Primary Education. The lack of competent teachers is a major issue in Pakistan. This study was designed to analyze the alignment of recruitment policies for primary school educators in Punjab according to eight indicators that were derived from the National Professional Standards for Teachers in Pakistan. This study was qualitative, so, firstly, the alignment of recruitment policies of 2018 and 2022 with National Professional Standards was analyzed through document analysis. Secondly, members of the district recruitment committee were interviewed to explore the assessment criteria of selection for primary school educators. Trustworthiness was ensured with data source triangulation. The findings revealed that recruitment policy is not aligned with National professional standards for teachers. The interview process for the selection of primary educators needs to be strengthened for the evaluation of future educators.

‘I need to learn Vietnamese to speak to my grandma’: the place of family relationships in family language policy

ABSTRACT This study focuses on family relationships and their potential to successfully impact family language policy. The interview data with two bilingual Vietnamese immigrant families in Australia were analysed to show examples of successful versus unsuccessful family language policy practices. Using Bourdieu’s (1986) notion of capital, the study explored the reciprocal relationships between family relationships (family social capital) and the children’s language competence (linguistic capital) through the families' accounts of their language use and practices, and the children’s aspirations for their future languageuse. Findings point to the significant role in fostering connectedness among family members, and its importance to home language interaction within immigrant families. The study reinforces the role of the family context as an important environment that influences immigrant children’s positive bilingual development.

Migrants at Sea: Unintended Consequences of Search and Rescue Operations

Many countries are facing and resisting strong migratory pressure, fueling irregular migration. In response to mounting deaths in the Central Mediterranean, European nations intensified rescue operations in 2013. We develop a model of irregular migration to identify the effects of these operations. We find that smugglers responded by sending boats in adverse weather and utilizing flimsy rafts, thus inducing more crossings in dangerous conditions and ultimately offsetting intended safety benefits due to moral hazard. Despite the increased risk, these operations likely increased aggregate migrant welfare; nevertheless, a more successful policy should instead restrict supply of rafts and expand legal alternatives. (JEL D82, J15, J18, K37, K42)

Beyond the Hype: Rethinking Climate Change Narratives and Exploring Innovative Paths Toward a Sustainable Future

Various narratives can be relevant in explaining and creating awareness on global warming because they can help harmonize information from different actors. Different players present varying perspectives on efforts required to alleviate the impact of climate change. The publication and review of 64 papers aimed at critically examining and reassessing the discourse surrounding climate change to move beyond sensational and exaggerated claims, and explore innovative and forward-thinking approaches that contribute to achieving a sustainable future. The paper first highlights the question of how current climate change discourse contributes to public understanding by addressing traditional narratives surrounding climate change. It also addresses the potential drawbacks of sensationalism and traditional narrative. The paper also highlights ways that can explore a balanced narrative to positively impact public perception and engagement with climate-related issues. Still, the work explores whether there are examples of successful policy reforms or economic initiatives that have effectively contributed to a more environmental future in the light of climate change. The results indicate that traditional narratives are still dominating, and transformative narratives are far from being mainstream. Ideas and concepts revolve around mitigation, which the majority of literature works in advanced nations countries focus on. However, the paper also observes some transformative narratives and innovative pathways challenging traditional narratives. These innovative approaches can open the way for additional social creativity and a sustainable future. Most studies propose additional studies to further comprehend and evaluate these innovative pathways since various obstacles require unpacking to shed more light on the effects of these pathways and the general public.

Paradigmatic dimensions of local public management research: The path to reliable managerial decisions

Explicated the need to compare the established paradigmatic ideas in local public management and in the political science research environment. Particular attention is paid to the important issue of the project relationship establishing between the paradigmatic approach and the subject field of public management research. Essential discrepancies between the key paradigmatic approaches to local public management and policy making at the local level are revealed. Stated the necessity of essential empirical material evaluation for further research and possibly improvement of the regulatory framework for local public management. Proved that the particular author's (actors`) main reason for conducting paradigmatic discussions on local public management is the need to communicate with a powerful research tradition. It is concluded that, the success of public policies and their impact on the lives of citizens depends on an understanding of epistemic foundations. Established that different paradigmatic alternatives of public decisions are determined on the basis of scientific data. Considered the most optimal way of applying any paradigmatic approaches is the analysis of the expediency of applying the methodology and forecasting the achievement of scientific novelty or specific results of management projects.

Epidemiological Profile of Meningitis Reports in Brazilian Regions between 2007 and 2015

Abstract Meningitis is an inflammation that affects meninges of the nervous system and can cause severe sequelae, which makes it important to understand the epidemiological profile of the disease to aid in control policies. The objective of this study was to describe the epidemiological profile of meningitis in different Brazilian regions from 2007 to 2015. We did a descriptive observational study of all 184,868 reports of meningitis cases made by SUS in DATASUS between 2007 and 2015 in Brazil. It was observed that most case occurred in male and white persons. In general, the etiology was viral and bacterial. About 50% of the cases occurred in children up to 9 years old, but with higher lethality in the elderly. There was a nearly 40% drop in the number of notifications from 2007 to 2014, but with more lethality. We conclude that the decrease in cases is due to the success of control policies, but we need to keep our attention to the notifications due to the increase in lethality. Keyword: Meningitis, Public health, Neglected disease.

Prioritization of maternal and newborn health policies and their implementation in the eastern conflict affected areas of the Democratic Republic of Congo: a political economy analysis.

Maternal and neonatal mortality remains a major concern in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), and the country's protracted crisis context exacerbates the problem. This political economy analysis examines the maternal and newborn health (MNH) prioritization in the DRC, focussing specifically on the conflict-affected regions of North and South Kivu. The aim is to understand the factors that facilitate or hinder the prioritization of MNH policy development and implementation by the Congolese government and other key actors at national level and in the provinces of North and South Kivu. Using a health policy triangle framework, data collection consisted of in-depth interviews with key actors at different levels of the health system, combined with a desk review. Qualitative data were analysed using inductive and then deductive approaches, exploring the content, process, actor dynamics, contextual factors and gender-related factors influencing MNH policy development and implementation. The study highlighted the challenges of prioritizing policies in the face of competing health and security emergencies, limited resources and governance issues. The universal health coverage policy seems to offer hope for improving access to MNH services. Results also revealed the importance of international partnerships and global financial mechanisms in the development of MNH strategies. They reveal huge gender disparities in the MNH sector at all levels, and the need to consider cultural factors that can positively or negatively impact the success of MNH policies in crisis zones. MNH is a high priority in DRC, yet implementation faces hurdles due to financial constraints, political influences, conflicts and gender disparities. Addressing these challenges requires tailored community-based strategies, political engagement, support for health personnel and empowerment of women in crisis areas for better MNH outcomes.

Развитие концепции воспитательного протекционизма в истории экономической мысли

An important issue within the framework of economic theory has always been the problem of the relationship between free trade and protectionist measures to protect domestic production. At a certain stage, the ideology of free trade (developed by Adam Smith, David Ricardo) became the mainstream of economic thought. Later, within the framework of the German Historical school, an important contribution was made by the economist Friedrich List, who proposed the concept of educational protectionism as an alternative to the free trade ideology of classical political economy. In this article it is proposed to analyze the main ideas and arguments of the concept of educational protectionism and compare them with the argumentation of other economic schools. Were described the characteristics of the German Historical school. It was shown, that despite some similar ideas, the concept of educational protectionism is very different from mercantilist ideas, this concept does not deny free trade direction from a historical perspective, but in some way offers a way of transition to free trade policy. The institutional and economic restrictions, that F. List considers for the success of protectionist policy, were analyzed. The reaction to the concept of educational protectionism was shown, both from the point of view of the role of this concept in economic policy in Russia, and from the point of view of a negative attitude towards this concept from socialist thought, including Rudolf Hilferding. It can be concluded that the concept of educational protectionism also turned out to be largely utopian, but it played an important role in expanding the boundaries of the discussion about free trade and the factors determining this trade policy.

ASSESSING PREFERENCES AND WILLINGNESS TO PAY FOR RENEWABLE ENERGY INVESTMENT AMONG MANUFACTURING SECTORS IN MALAYSIA: A CHOICE EXPERIMENT METHOD

Green energy has become a hot debate among countries. Most countries prefer green energy over fossil resources that can violate the environment and health. The manufacturing sector was the most energy-intensive sector in Malaysia, and Johor was the fastest-growing industrial state and the biggest user of fuel energy. The cost factor has become one of the reasons why renewable energy is less used in this country. If not curbed, this situation will thwart the government’s target to reduce the dependency on non–renewable energy. Thus, participation from the manufacturing sector is important to support government efforts to empower renewable energy. Support from the manufacturing sector and their Willingness to Pay (WTP) for energy production from renewable energy resources remain key ingredients for a successful energy policy. This study aims to estimate the WTP for renewable energy investment attributes among the manufacturing sectors in Johor, Malaysia. A series of stated Choice Experiments (CE) was used in which the Multinomial Logit (MNL) model was valued to ascertain manufacturing sectors’ WTP based on their preferences for the attributes. The results revealed that the manufacturing sector values project location and annual GHG reduction.

Experience and Perspective: Population Administration Services in Delta City

Policy implementation is an important indicator that has a major influence on the success of policies related to public issues. This study aims to analyze and explain the implementation of population administration service policies in Sidoarjo Regency. The basic concept used is Edwards III's policy implementation theory. This qualitative research uses a purposive sampling technique. Data were collected using interviews, observation, and documentation. Data analysis used interactive Miles, Huberman, and Saldana. The research results show that population administration service policies in Sidoarjo Regency have demonstrated adequate quality, but still require innovation and development to increase reliability, speed and management innovation. In Tulangan District, there are obstacles in communication due to the lack of service flow boards and inconsistencies in service times. Meanwhile in Porong District, population administration requirements are good with competent officers, clear service flow boards, and high consistency of service times. Human resources in Porong District are considered good and fast, while in Tulangan District they are quite good. Regarding disposition, both sub-districts provide services according to the needs of their residents. However, regarding the bureaucratic structure, Tulangan District has good SOPs, while Porong District experiences problems in the unclear distribution of the main tasks and functions of village officials.

Kerala's Magnetic Appeal: Alluring Migrants Nationwide

Understanding the factors that make a location a preferred destination for migrant workers can be valuable information for various regions and policymakers. Identifying these aspects can aid in creating effective policies and strategies to attract and accommodate migrant labour. This statement emphasizes the importance of comprehending the elements that attract migrant workers to a particular location. By gaining insights into these factors, it provides valuable information that different regions and policymakers can utilize. The identification of these aspects is crucial in developing successful policies and strategies aimed at attracting and effectively accommodating migrant labour in a given area. When a successful model is developed in a specific context, its applicability can extend to different situations. For example, Kerala has emerged as a preferred destination for migrant workers. The idea here is that the practices and strategies that make Kerala successful in attracting and accommodating migrant labour could be adopted by other states, leading to similar positive outcomes and benefits in those regions. This suggests the potential for a broader application of successful models to enhance the effectiveness of policies and practices in various locations. This research explores the distinctive features that render Kerala a preferred choice for migrant workers, delving into the factors that contribute to its status as a favoured destination in the context of labour migration.

Implementasi Pelaksanaan Administrasi Perceraian Secara Elektronik Melalui E-Court Dalam Upaya Peningkatan Pelayanan Publik Di Pengadilan Agama Pekanbaru Kelas 1A

The Pekanbaru Class 1A Religious Court is a judicial body under the auspices of the Supreme Court which has carried out the implementation of electronic divorce administration "E-Court" which is a form of transformation from manual administration to electronic-based administration in accordance with PERMA (Supreme Court Regulation) Number 1 of 2019 which states that it aims to create justice that saves time, cost and energy for parties and advocates and makes the judiciary more transparent, effective and efficient. The purpose of this study is to find out how the implementation of divorce administration electronically through E-Court and to find out what are the obstacles in its implementation. This study used qualitative descriptive method and collected data through interviews, observation and documentation. The data processing technique that researchers use is a data analysis technique. This research uses one variable in its operational concept which is guided by Edward's theory which is the source of problems and prerequisites for successful policy implementation, namely Communication, Resources, Disposition and Bureaucratic Structure. The results showed that the implementation of electronic divorce administration through E-Court at the Pekanbaru Religious Court can be said to run as it should and can improve public services. However, there are still a few obstacles such as server problems from the Supreme Court, network problems and lack of user understanding, namely the elderly in conducting divorce administration electronically through E-Court. Keywords: Implementation, Divorce Administration, E-Court

Assessing the Role of Surabaya City Government's Responsiveness Toward Public Acceptance of COVID-19 Mitigation Policies

Public acceptance, involving community awareness and support, is crucial for successful policy implementation. Despite challenges faced during the performance of the COVID-19 mitigation policy in Surabaya, the city government has shown responsiveness in addressing the issue. This study investigates the influence of the Surabaya City Government's responsiveness on public acceptance of the COVID-19 mitigation policy. Employing the Policy Acceptance Model and government responsiveness theory, a quantitative survey was conducted with 400 purposively sampled respondents. Results indicate a significant positive effect, indicating that higher government responsiveness leads to greater public acceptance of the COVID-19 mitigation policy. These findings support existing theories and validate the importance of community support in policy implementation

Egyptian Ecosystem's Impacts on Climate Change: A Case Study of Some Agricultural Indicators

Objective: the current study aims to empirically examine the dynamic impacts of ecosystem, with a particular focus on some agricultural indicators such as agricultural value added, crop production index, and livestock production index on CO2 emissions using annual time series data from 1990 to 2021. In order to enhance agricultural practices and develop successful sustainable agriculture policies in Egypt's agriculture sector. Method: A literature review involving numerous studies has revealed that agriculture is a significant contributor to the emission of CO2 into the atmosphere, hence exacerbating the phenomenon of global warming. These studies utilized many methodologies, including ARDL, DOLS, FMOLS, CCR, and Johansen, to accomplish their objectives. These methodologies were applied to annual data from multiple countries. Therefore, this study used Johansen's cointegration test to fulfill their objectives. Results and Discussion: The findings indicate that a 1% rise in agriculture value added and crop production index is found to be associated with a long-run decrease in carbon dioxide emissions of around 0.48% and 0.78%, respectively. A bidirectional causal relationship existed between carbon dioxide emissions and livestock production. Additionally, livestock production has a causal effect on crop production and conversely, crop production influences livestock production. Research Implications: Enhancing agricultural productivity and environmental sustainability can be achieved by adopting climate-smart practices in the agriculture sector, at both local and global levels. Originality/Value: This research study makes a valuable contribution to the existing body of literature by examining the significant and causal connections between environmental degradation and agriculture in the long term. This research demonstrates its significance and worth through its potential to aid policymakers in Egypt and other developing countries in formulating and executing efficient policies designed to address environmental degradation.

Techno-economic optimization of a photovoltaic-wind energy-based hydrogen production system: A case study of different cities of Saudi Arabia

The study employed Hybrid Optimization of Multiple Electric Renewables software and two-hybrid energy systems configurations to ascertain the most effective approach for generating hydrogen and electrical power in the designated three cities of Dammam, Jeddah and Tabuk in Saudi Arabia. To reduce emissions of greenhouse gases, improve energy security and encourage sustainable development, this study was motivated by the need to address the urgent need to switch to renewable energy sources like solar and wind based on Saudi Arabian's Vision 2030 initiative. To achieve these objectives, this research investigates the techno-economic feasibility of producing hydrogen from renewable energy sources to promote energy independence and economic growth in the region of Saudi Arabia. The novelty of the study provides a regional view of the use of renewable energy sources for hydrogen production by concentrating on several Saudi Arabian cities. It is essential for successful energy planning and policy formation to have insights suited to unique regional settings as demonstrated in this study. According to the findings of the study, the electrical and hydrogen requirements of the selected cities in Saudi Arabia can be fulfilled using renewable energy sources, as sufficient wind speed and sunlight are available to produce renewable hydrogen. The outcomes of the study demonstrated that the electricity and hydrogen generated in the city of Dammam were found to be significantly higher than in the other two cities resulting in high hydrogen production at the city of Dammam compared to the cities of Tabuk and Jeddah. The hybrid energy system in Dammam was identified as the most practical option for fulfilling Saudi Arabia's electricity and hydrogen production requirements based on the analysis and optimization, with low net present cost, levelized cost and levelized cost of hydrogen values of $235235, 0.316 $/kWh and 4.16 $/kg, respectively. The outcome of the study suggests that incorporating a renewable energy system in Dammam may diminish the country's reliance on fossil fuels and decarbonize its transportation sector. The results of this study could be employed by members of the Saudi hydrogen industry to promote increased hydrogen production and make Saudi Arabia's energy infrastructure more resilient and sustainable.

The emergence and regression of political priority for refugee integration into the Jordanian health system: an analysis using the Kingdon’s multiple streams model

BackgroundThe prolonged presence of Syrian refugees in Jordan has highlighted the need for sustainable health service delivery models for refugees. In 2012, the Jordanian government adopted a policy that granted Syrian refugees access, free of charge, to the national health system. However since 2012, successive policy revisions have limited refugee access. This paper seeks to understand factors that initially put refugee integration into the health system on the policy agenda, as well as how these same factors later affected commitment to sustain the policy.MethodsThis paper draws on data from a document review of 197 peer-reviewed and grey literature publications, a media analysis of newspaper articles retrieved from four officially recognized newspapers in Jordan, and 33 semi-structured key informant interviews. We used Kingdon’s Multiple Streams Model – a well-established tool for analyzing policy adoption – to understand how political priority developed for integration of refugees into the health system.ResultsWe find that several factors helped bring attention to the issue, namely concerns over infectious disease transmission to host communities, high rates of chronic conditions among the refugee population and the increasingly urban and dispersed nature of refugees. At the outset of the conflict, the national mood was receptive to refugees. Politicians and government officials quickly recognized the crisis as an opportunity to secure material and technical support from the international humanitarian community. At the same time, global pressures for integrating refugees into national health systems helped move the integration agenda forward in Jordan and the region more broadly. Since 2012, there were several modifications to the policy that signal profound changes in national views around the continued presence of Syrian refugees in the country, as well as reduced external financial support which has undermined the sustainability of the policy.ConclusionThis case study underscores the dynamic nature of policymaking and the challenge of sustaining government commitment to the right to health among refugees. Our analysis has important implications for advocates seeking to advance and maintain momentum for the integration of refugees into national health systems.

An Asymmetric Approach to Evaluate Sectoral CO2 Emissions in Turkey

The increase in population and economic growth are significant factors that contribute to the deterioration of the environment, primarily through the emission of carbon pollutants. Therefore, the overuse of natural resources, degradation of natural ecosystems, and the increasing release of harmful gases poses a threat to our ability to protect the environment for future generations. Although there is a global agreement on the need for clean and carbon-free energy systems to achieve sustainable development, emerging countries persist in giving more priority to economic objectives rather than environmental preservation. The objective of this research was to explore strategies to mitigate sector-specific emissions and environmental deterioration in Turkey, where the enforcement of environmental regulations has proven to be inadequate. The connections between emissions from different sectors, the value contributed to the economy, the income per person, and the growth of human capital were examined in the research. The study's findings indicated that implementing policies to increase production and develop human capital are effective in the short term for reducing carbon emissions in the services sector. Over time, policies that priorities raising income levels and building up human capital have been proven to be successful. Analyses of strategies to reduce agricultural emissions reveal that implementing short-term investments in human capital and long-term revenue increases are successful policies to reduce emission levels in the industry. Regarding the industry, past levels of emissions in the immediate future exert a constraint on managing the present period's emission levels. Given the asymmetrical impacts, it is evident that people whose quality of life improves through investments in human capital are more likely to prioritize environmental sustainability and adopt practices that reduce emissions in production. Thus, it is evident that the enhancement of human capital may serve as a significant policy tool across all industries.

Human Resource Management Strategy in Permanent Nurseries in the Ministry of Environment and Forestry of the Republic of Indonesia (Case Study in Six Permanent Nursery Locations of the Ministry of Environment and Forestry, West Java Province)

The main focus in evaluation is aspects such as policy foundations, program support, implementation processes, and success of HR programs

Explore The Mid-day Meal Policy in the Context of Retention in School Education

Explore The Mid-day Meal Policy in the Context of Retention in School Education: A Teacher's Perspective from Lalitpur District. Nepal's midday meal policy, aimed at improving children's health and educational access, is a critical component of its national education system. However, limited research has explored this policy from the viewpoint of community school teachers. This study addresses three pivotal research questions: The funding for midday meals is adequate. The allocated funding is fully utilized. The program enhances education quality and reduces dropout rates due to midday meals. In-depth interviews with Lalitpur district teachers, where the midday meal policy is active, provided qualitative data. Ethical considerations safeguarded participants' identities and opinions. Teachers expressed concerns about insufficient funds for midday meals, requiring additional local contributions. Nevertheless, they reported that the granted funds were fully utilized, supporting students' nutrition and local farmers. The program positively impacted education quality and reduced dropout rates. This study underscores the midday meal policy's challenges and successes, highlighting the importance of supplementary financial support for student nutrition. It also emphasizes the program's multiple advantages, including improved education quality and lower dropout rates, especially among disadvantaged students. The provision of a midday meal program in schools can have a positive impact on student retention This research offers vital insights into Nepal's midday meal policy's impact on the education system. It emphasizes the ongoing need for financial support to sustain and enhance the program, ultimately benefiting children's comprehensive development.

Understanding landowner participation in the Conservation Reserve Program in the U.S. High Plains region

Understanding the array of financial and non-financial decision-making drivers of private landowners with vulnerable cropland for enrolling in the United States Department of Agriculture’s Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) is critical for the success and cost-effectiveness of agricultural policies that aim to create long-term agri-environmental security. Following the underpinnings of the Theory of Planned Behavior, we used Structural Equation Modeling to test the predictive validity and impacts of socio-cognitive variables: attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control, on landowners’ intent to enroll in CRP. We analyzed mailed survey data of landowners in the western High Plains of the United States, where irrigated agriculture is a major economic activity, and cropland consists of vulnerable wetlands that play a role in recharging the Ogallala Aquifer. Overall, landowners had a positive attitude towards the wetland conservation benefits of CRP enrollment and its benefits of preventing soil erosion and sedimentation. In addition, attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavior controls positively influenced landowners’ intentions to (re)enroll in CRP. Among the three predictors, subjective norms had the largest influence. Landowners’ understanding of CRP benefits in improving water quality and availability, and opinions from their neighbors and other landowners were the most significant measured variables affecting their intention to enroll. For enhanced outreach and long-term success, we suggest that policymakers recognize and respond to a range of non-financial motivations to better design programs that represent the conservation benefits of wetlands to leverage their willingness to participate. Furthermore, (re)enrollment acres could be enhanced by understanding local barriers related to landowners’ skills and knowledge and fostering collaboration and coordination among different federal conservation programs in the region.