Success In Certain Types Research Articles

Multimodal Training Improves Spatial Reasoning Skills in Female College Students

Spatial reasoning is a valuable cognitive tool which enables navigation of the body in relation to other objects in space, permits deconstruction of dimensional forms, allows reconstruction of two-dimensional representations into three-dimensional objects, and facilitates diagramming of processes or concepts. A considerable body of work has suggested that these skills are particularly important for success in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) fields (reviewed in Wai, Lubinski, & Benbow, Journal of Educational Psychology 101: 817-835, 2009); however, much of this data has been derived from studies with relatively narrow populations in terms of participant sex, race, academic ability, or socioeconomic condition and very few of these studies have attempted spatial reasoning training from a diversity of academic disciplines. The current study was designed to assess the influence of a week-long, academically interdisciplinary spatial reasoning Bootcamp on a small, diverse group of female participants’ spatial reasoning abilities and to determine if Participants’ subsequent performance in organic chemistry and physics coursework differed from that of a Match (non-Bootcamp participant) Control group. The data indicate that Bootcamp participants significantly improved their scores in some commonly accepted measures of spatial reasoning abilities and that Bootcamp participants’ final grades in organic chemistry, but not physics, were significantly higher than the Match Control group. The data suggest that intentional programming to improve student spatial reasoning abilities can influence short-term spatial skill performance that may translate into improved success in certain types of subsequent coursework.

CAR T Cells for Acute Myeloid Leukemia: State of the Art and Future Directions.

Relapse after conventional chemotherapy remains a major problem in patients with myeloid malignancies such as acute myeloid leukemia (AML), and the major cause of death after diagnosis of AML is from relapsed disease. The only potentially curative treatment option currently available is allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT), which through its graft-vs.-leukemia effects has the ability to eliminate residual leukemia cells. Despite its long history of success however, relapse following allo-HSCT is still a major challenge and is associated with poor prognosis. In the field of adoptive therapy, CD19-targeted chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells have yielded remarkable clinical success in certain types of B-cell malignancies, and substantial efforts aimed at translating this success to myeloid malignancies are currently underway. While complete ablation of CD19-expressing B cells, both cancerous and healthy, is clinically tolerated, the primary challenge limiting the use of CAR T cells in myeloid malignancies is the absence of a dispensable antigen, as myeloid antigens are often co-expressed on normal hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs), depletion of which would lead to intolerable myeloablation. This review provides a discussion on the current state of CAR T cell therapy in myeloid malignancies, limitations for clinical translation, as well as the most recent approaches to overcome these barriers, through various genetic modification and combinatorial strategies in an attempt to make CAR T cell therapy a safe and viable option for patients with myeloid malignancies.

Genome-Wide CRISPRi/a Screening in an In Vitro Coculture Assay of Human Immune Cells with Tumor Cells.

Cell-based immunotherapy has achieved preclinical success in certain types of cancer patients, with a few approved cell-based products for clinical use. These achievements revitalized the field of cell engineering/ immunotherapy and brought attention to the opportunities that cell-based immunotherapeutics can offer to patients. On the other hand, obvious indications emphasize the need for a better understanding of the biological mechanisms involved in the immune response. This knowledge may not only ameliorate safety and efficacy, but also determine the possibilities and limitations in use of immune cell engineering for cancer treatment, and facilitate developing novel immunotherapeutic strategies. Recently developed technology based on CRISPR-dCas9 has an immense potential to systematically uncover genetic mechanisms by identifying subsets of essential genes involved in interactions of cancer cells with the immune system. This chapter will present a reliable and reproducible general protocol for the application of genome-wide sgRNA gene-editing tools in the recently established two-cell type co-culture, consisting of immune cells as effectors and cancer cells as targets, utilizing CRISPRi/a-dCas9-based technology.

Funding Bodies and Late Modern Science

Throughout the twentieth century, funding bodies have become a dominant force in scientific practice, influencing the success of certain types of research as well as certain types of researchers. As a late modern institution, they are part of a process of rationalization and planning in science. At the same time, however, funding bodies draw upon resources such as trust and familiarity that are usually identified as premodern.

Multidimensional single T cell analysis reveals altered T cell biology upon treatment of murine tumor with checkpoint blockade immunotherapy

Abstract Checkpoint blockade immunotherapy has shown great success in certain types of cancers, but are ineffective in most cancers. We do not understand why these therapies fail. Here, we seek to better understand functional changes in T cells in responsive tumors through single cell TCR sequencing and high dimensional phenotypic analysis within single tumor-infiltrating T cells. Through surgical biopsy, we analyze the same tumor longitudinally before and after treatment, enabling us to track the fate of individual T cell clones. Our data show that the CD4/CD8 ratio decreases upon treatment. T cells expressing inhibitory markers such as PD1, CTLA4, diminish post treatment. We see distinct clusters of effector CD4 and CD8 T cells in treated tumors, including effector CD4 populations with Tfh, Th1 and Th2 phenotypes. CD4 Tregs are greatly diminished upon successful treatment, and diminish through clonal contraction. Furthermore, TCR acts as a unique marker for T cell ancestry, which links T cell function to T cell specificity. Based on TCR clonality, we observe that expanded T cell clones before treatment do not share the same TCRs with expanded T cell clones after treatment. This implies new CD8 T cell clones are recruited into the tumor upon treatment. From our data, we will be able to identify T cell clones that are phenotypically distinct and expanded in responsive tumors which is critical in understanding what makes for a successful T cell response after immunotherapy.

Current Progress in Sports Genomics.

Understanding the genetic architecture of athletic performance is an important step in the development of methods for talent identification in sport. Research concerned with molecular predictors has highlighted a number of potentially important DNA polymorphisms contributing to predisposition to success in certain types of sport. This review summarizes the evidence and mechanistic insights on the associations between DNA polymorphisms and athletic performance. A literature search (period: 1997-2014) revealed that at least 120 genetic markers are linked to elite athlete status (77 endurance-related genetic markers and 43 power/strength-related genetic markers). Notably, 11 (9%) of these genetic markers (endurance markers: ACE I, ACTN3 577X, PPARA rs4253778 G, PPARGC1A Gly482; power/strength markers: ACE D, ACTN3 Arg577, AMPD1 Gln12, HIF1A 582Ser, MTHFR rs1801131 C, NOS3 rs2070744 T, PPARG 12Ala) have shown positive associations with athlete status in three or more studies, and six markers (CREM rs1531550 A, DMD rs939787 T, GALNT13 rs10196189 G, NFIA-AS1 rs1572312 C, RBFOX1 rs7191721 G, TSHR rs7144481 C) were identified after performing genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of African-American, Jamaican, Japanese, and Russian athletes. On the other hand, the significance of 29 (24%) markers was not replicated in at least one study. Future research including multicenter GWAS, whole-genome sequencing, epigenetic, transcriptomic, proteomic, and metabolomic profiling and performing meta-analyses in large cohorts of athletes is needed before these findings can be extended to practice in sport.

Determinants of the Best Practices for Successful Project Management

Engineers and Architects are expected to perform a variety of tasks depending on their specialization and job level. Some features of the construction industry, has been the use of project management (PM.) concept of building procurement. The PM approach has proved its success in certain types of projects. This paper presents the causes of success of the PM technique in engineering projects. The result was obtained from the views different client organizations, project managers, design consultants and contractors, as to what determines project success. One of the interesting insights of the study suggest that the project manager risk management, running start, multi-level project governance, interoperability standard maintenance, internal and external project management, policy and technical project management, project planning, monitoring, and communications, solution sustainability, and education agency acceptance were among the highly rated determinants that determine the success of PM projects. The aim is to show the determinants that are associated with outstanding, average and familiar projects.

A new biomarker of hedonic eating? A preliminary investigation of cortisol and nausea responses to acute opioid blockade

Overweight and obese individuals differ in their degree of hedonic eating. This may reflect adaptations in reward-related neural circuits, regulated in part by opioidergic activity. We examined an indirect, functional measure of central opioidergic activity by assessing cortisol and nausea responses to acute opioid blockade using the opioid antagonist naltrexone in overweight/obese women (mean BMI=31.1±4.8) prior to the start of a mindfulness-based intervention to reduce stress eating. In addition, we assessed indices of hedonic-related eating, including eating behaviors (binge eating, emotional eating, external eating, restraint) and intake of sweets/desserts and carbohydrates (Block Food Frequency); interoceptive awareness (which is associated with dysregulated eating behavior); and level of adiposity at baseline. Naltrexone-induced increases in cortisol were associated with greater emotional and restrained eating and lower interoceptive awareness. Naltrexone-induced nausea was associated with binge eating and higher adiposity. Furthermore, in a small exploratory analysis, naltrexone-induced nausea predicted treatment response to the mindfulness intervention, as participants with more severe nausea at baseline maintained weight whereas those with little or no nausea responses tended to gain weight. These preliminary data suggest that naltrexone-induced cortisol release and nausea may help identify individuals who have greater underlying food reward dependence, which leads to an excessive drive to eat. Future research is needed to confirm this finding and to test if these markers of opioidergic tone might help predict success in certain types of weight management programs.

Recent Developments in the Ablation of Ventricular Arrhythmias

Catheter ablation for the management of recurrent ventricular arrhythmias (VAs) is an emerging technology, with good efficacy in selected patients. It is an effective treatment for recurrent VA and can terminate VA during electrical storm. Recent innovations enhance the accuracy of ventricular mapping, allowing for substrate modification while the patient remains in sinus rhythm, thus facilitating the treatment of different types of VA. Epicardial ablation is now a feasible option for treating VA and increases the likelihood of success in certain types of VA. Percutaneous hemodynamic support facilitates successful ablation during poorly tolerated VA. This article reviews recent advances in catheter ablation techniques for VA and approaches to the management of specific types of VA, with a view toward future developments.

Learning from large-scale quality improvement through comparisons

To discover lessons from 10 national health and social care quality programmes in the Netherlands. A mixed-methods comparison using a 'quantitative summarization of evidence for systematic comparison'. Each research team assessed whether there was evidence from their evaluation to support or refute 17 hypotheses about successful implementation of quality programmes. The programme managers carried out a similar assessment. Their assessments were represented as scores which made it possible to carry out a cross-case analysis to assess factors affecting the success of large-scale quality programmes. The researchers who evaluated each of the programmes and the leaders who organized each programme. Health and social care service organizations and national organization, which led the quality improvement programmes. This study did not make an intervention but compared experiences and evaluations of interventions carried out by national organization to health and social care service organizations to help these organizations to improve their services. The success of the national programmes, and the learning achieved by the programme organizations and care service delivery organizations. The method provided a way to summarize and compare complex information. Common factors which appeared to influence success in implementation included understanding of political processes, leader's influencing skills, as well as technical skills to manage projects and apply improvement and change methods. Others could use a similar method to make a fast, broad level, but systematic comparison across reports of improvements or programmes. Descriptions, and then comparisons of the programmes, reveal common factors which appeared to influence success in implementation. There were groups of factors which appeared to be more important for the success of certain types of programmes. It is possible that these factors may also be important for the success of large-scale improvement programmes in other countries.

Rationality as a Social Construction: What Does Individual Behavior Have to Say about Development in an Amazon Community?

:This article argues that two different manifestations of rational behavior can coexist and collide in a relatively homogeneous society. In the Ticuna community of Arara in the Colombian Amazon; on the one hand, the majority of villagers tend to reach relatively lower levels of material wealth, following Polanyi’s idea of the pre-modern man (1968a; 1968b; 1968c), and also Sahlins’ (1972) idea of the original affluent man. On the other hand, community leaders and schoolteachers tend to accumulate material wealth, following Polanyi’s idea of modern-man (1968a; 1968b). These behavioral frameworks help explain the limited success of certain types of development programs in the Ticuna community.

Variety engineering in the changing competitive environment of Japanese retail distribution

The authors propose to define the revolution occurring in Japanese retail distribution from a systems-theoretic perspective, and to identify factors leading to the success of certain types of retailers and the decline of others. It is proposed that large general merchandising stores and national supermarkets are meeting the increased variety of the environment brought on by the bursting of the Japanese economic bubble, increased price consciousness of consumers, government deregulations and appreciation of the yen. These retailers are redefining their functions to enhance their internal variety, leading to greater efficiency and lower consumer prices. In contrast, traditional retail outlets, such as department stores and small individually-owned stores, have not been able to review their operations within the context of the changing environment and are trapped within their traditional business paradigms and reference models. As a result, they are facing decline. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

POINT IDENTIFICATION ON AIR PHOTOGRAPHS

Abstract Perhaps the most important requirement in any air survey is that the ground surveyed points used as a basis for controlling the photography should be correctly identified on the photographs. In the writer's experience more difficulties and delays have been caused by misidentifications of these points in the field than perhaps from any other cause, and yet very little has been written on this important subject, and there are no generally recognised methods of point identification. In this article a system of point identification is described which the writer has used with success in certain types of country, and it is hoped that the article may lead to more contributions on the subject.

POINT IDENTIFICATION ON AIR PHOTOGRAPHS

Perhaps the most important requirement in any air survey is that the ground surveyed points used as a basis for controlling the photography should be correctly identified on the photographs. In the writer's experience more difficulties and delays have been caused by misidentifications of these points in the field than perhaps from any other cause, and yet very little has been written on this important subject, and there are no generally recognised methods of point identification. In this article a system of point identification is described which the writer has used with success in certain types of country, and it is hoped that the article may lead to more contributions on the subject.

POINT IDENTIFICATION ON AIR PHOTOGRAPHS

Perhaps the most important requirement in any air survey is that the ground surveyed points used as a basis for controlling the photography should be correctly identified on the photographs. In the writer's experience more difficulties and delays have been caused by misidentifications of these points in the field than perhaps from any other cause, and yet very little has been written on this important subject, and there are no generally recognised methods of point identification. In this article a system of point identification is described which the writer has used with success in certain types of country, and it is hoped that the article may lead to more contributions on the subject.

The Significant Results of a Decade's Study of the Tunicata

IN any mass of detailed knowledge of organic phenomena, there is sure to be something of general significance for philosophical biology. Under the guidance of this principle I have tried to skimi the cream from the results of the last ten years' researches on the Tunicata. These skimmings I present under the following captions: 1, Taxonomy and Affinities; 2, Distribution; 3, Morphology; 4, Embryology; 5, Physiology. 1. Taxonomy and Affinities.There are several questions of general interest that naturally arise under this head. The Tunicata being a comparatively small class of animals, does the progress made in getting hold of he new kinds indicate that we are approaching completeness in this direction ? The class being as thoroughly pelagic at one extreme of its habitat, as thoroughly littoral at another, and as thoroughly abyssal at still another as any class of animals, what is being revealed as to the dependence of number of kinds upon environment? Is the progress of knowledge bringing out anything conclusive as to the greater success of certain types of organization over others because of better adaptation to environment? Herdman's Revised Classification of the Tunicata, published in 1891, contains a total of 538 species. This list supposedly includes all the species known at that time. By a reasonably careful enumeration, those described since that year number 521, making a total of 1069 species now known. The better explored portions of the sea, such as the Atlantic about the British Islands, the coasts of Continental Europe, and the Mecliterannean, have yielded very few of the new ones, probably not more than half a dozen. The regions that have contributed most are the Australian waters (Herdman and Sluiter); the seas traversed by the Siboga Expedition (Sluiter); the Ceylon region (Hercdman); the southern South American region (Michelsen); the Japanese coasts (Oka and Hartmeyer); the Pacific North American region (Ritter);