Success In Fight Research Articles

Theoretical and methodological aspects of the development of a sense of distance in the technical and tactical training of boxers of various qualifications

Relevance. Training a sense of distance in boxing, crucial for success in fights, proves challenging due to its complexity, closely tied to technical and tactical training. The relevance of the study is conditioned upon the need to find means and methods of sports training of boxers that will contribute to achieving high results in boxing. Purpose. The purpose of the study is to summarise the theoretical and methodological aspects of the development of a sense of distance among boxers of different qualifications. Methodology. To achieve the purpose, the following methods were used: analysis of theoretical works and empirical research, analysis, synthesis, interviews with trainers, questionnaires, modelling. Results. The study examined the development of a sense of distance in boxers of varying skill levels, taking into account their physical attributes, psychological traits, and fighting styles. Through interviews with 14 male trainers aged between 27 and 43, as well as a thorough review of theoretical literature, the research identified, isolated, and categorized the key features influencing distance perception in boxing. It was found that a boxer's proficiency in gauging distance significantly influences their tactical approach to a fight, with more talented or experienced boxers demonstrating a heightened sense of distance. Conclusions. The study underscores the lack of detailed research on the development of a boxer's sense of distance across various skill levels. Existing exercises are not tailored to individual boxers' qualifications, body types, or fighting styles. Trainers acknowledge the importance of distance perception but rely mainly on general training exercises. The findings of the study are expected to enhance overall training effectiveness by providing targeted strategies for cultivating distance awareness at each stage of a boxer's development. The results of the study have practical value for trainers, athletes, and sports theorists. Keywords: distance; boxing; qualification; training; coordination

Trade-offs between immunity and competitive ability in fighting ant males

BackgroundFighting disease while fighting rivals exposes males to constraints and trade-offs during male-male competition. We here tested how both the stage and intensity of infection with the fungal pathogen Metarhizium robertsii interfere with fighting success in Cardiocondyla obscurior ant males. Males of this species have evolved long lifespans during which they can gain many matings with the young queens of the colony, if successful in male-male competition. Since male fights occur inside the colony, the outcome of male-male competition can further be biased by interference of the colony’s worker force.ResultsWe found that severe, but not yet mild, infection strongly impaired male fighting success. In late-stage infection, this could be attributed to worker aggression directed towards the infected rather than the healthy male and an already very high male morbidity even in the absence of fighting. Shortly after pathogen exposure, however, male mortality was particularly increased during combat. Since these males mounted a strong immune response, their reduced fighting success suggests a trade-off between immune investment and competitive ability already early in the infection. Even if the males themselves showed no difference in the number of attacks they raised against their healthy rivals across infection stages and levels, severely infected males were thus losing in male-male competition from an early stage of infection on.ConclusionsMales of the ant C. obscurior have a well-developed immune system that raises a strong immune response very fast after fungal exposure. This allows them to cope with mild pathogen exposures without compromising their success in male-male competition, and hence to gain multiple mating opportunities with the emerging virgin queens of the colony. Under severe infection, however, they are weak fighters and rarely survive a combat already at early infection when raising an immune response, as well as at progressed infection, when they are morbid and preferentially targeted by worker aggression. Workers thereby remove males that pose a future disease threat by biasing male-male competition. Our study thus reveals a novel social immunity mechanism how social insect workers protect the colony against disease risk.

Research on the Efficiency measurement of the Lockdown approach based on the Perspective of GDP

Covid-19 has accompanied today’s world for almost three years. China has received great success in this protracted fight between us and viruses by adopting a zero-case policy and locking down the measurement. But outside the society still consisting the gossip that China has to adopt this method is because of the too large the population base. The authorities have not confirmed the accuracy of this statement. In this paper, a comparison between China and the United States will be used to compare the advantages and disadvantages of the locking down strategy. The main methods included different ICER tests and multivariable regression analyses. The main finding includes the positive effect of GDP growth, and the advantage outweighs the disadvantage of the approach of locking down. The long-term, in return, is always the one that gets ignored the most.

Is facial structure an honest cue to real-world dominance and fighting ability in men? A pre-registered direct replication of

Masculine facial morphology (e.g., larger jaw, prominent cheekbones) have been linked to a suite of social outcomes—including greater wealth, career progress, romantic desirability, and even greater political success. A leading explanation for these links is that dominant facial structures represent honest cues of physical dominance and fighting ability. Třebický et al. (2013) published the first study to demonstrate that masculine facial cues (e.g., large nose, deep-set eyes) similarly predict both dominance judgments and real-world fighting success, but no studies have replicated these popular findings that a large and specific assortment of masculine facial structures are implicated in both fighting ability and dominance perception. Thus, we conducted a pre-registered direct replication and extension of Třebický et al. (2013). Two separate samples of United States MTurk participants rated 516 UFC fighters' facial photographs on perceived aggressiveness (N = 500) and fighting ability (N = 500). Results showed that perceived aggressiveness was associated with masculine facial morphology (e.g., large nose, deep-set eyes) independent of bodily size. There was also some evidence that perceived fighting ability was associated with masculine facial morphology, which disappeared after controlling for bodily size. There was no support for the relation between facial structure and fighting success, and there were often negative relations between perceived aggressiveness and fighting ability on fighting success (i.e., more successful fighters were perceived as less successful and aggressive). We argue that our evolved psychology differentially processes the distinct avenues to victory that constitute overall fighting success (e.g., knockout versus submission wins).

Facial width-to-height ratio predicts fighting success: A direct replication and extension of Zilioli et al. (2014).

Zilioli et al. (2014) were the first to show an association between male facial width‐to‐height ratio (fWHR) and physical aggression and fighting ability in professional mixed‐martial‐arts fighters. Here, we re‐examined this relationship by replicating (using all original measures) and extending (using 23 new variables related to fighting performance) Zilioli et al. (2014) in a statistically well‐powered sample of 520 fighters using automatic and manual measures of the fWHR involving both eyelid and eyebrow landmarks, used interchangeably in previous reports (Studies 1–2). Most importantly, we successfully replicated Zilioli et al.'s (2014) central finding that fighters' fWHR, when manually calculated using the eyebrow landmark, predicted their fighting success (p = .004, controlling for body mass index and total fights). Consistent with past criticisms of using fight rather than fighter data to examine fighting success, which have argued that individual fights can be suddenly and unexpectedly determined and do not capture an individual's overall ability to succeed, Study 3 (N = 1367 fights) found no association between fWHR and singular victories. Studies 1–3 showed continual evidence that larger fWHRs were associated with grappling abilities, even after controlling for demographic and allometric factors. Strikingly, Study 3 discovered associations between all fWHR measures and grappling skill that remained robust before and after controlling for 17 different control variables. We discuss that grappling, or the act of taking down an opponent, involves a more aggressive, close‐combat approach than does striking. Combined, these results offer additional support for the argument that fWHR may have been shaped by sexual selection.

Discussion on China's anti-epidemic response based on the Protocol on Prevention and Control of Coronavirus Disease 2019 from Chinese Authority.

Eight versions of the Protocol on Prevention and Control of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID‐19) (the Protocol) were issued successively by the Chinese authority to guide the local responses since the first COVID‐19 case appeared in Wuhan, China. This study aimed to investigate the evolution of the overall strategy and specific measures in these Protocols, and several recommendations were provided after analysing China's response to the epidemic resurgence. As a result, we found a gradual expanding trend in case surveillance, early screening, and epidemiological investigation, as well as a progressively rigorous tendency in isolation measures and close contact management. With the Protocol's guidance, China had achieved success in several recent fights against domestic COVID‐19 resurgences. The city lockdown and multiple city‐wide nucleic acid tests adopted were deemed necessary in COVID‐19 resurgence's battle. Besides, the large‐scale distance centralised quarantine, which is, quarantine in a purpose‐built isolation station away from communities where people under quarantine lived, was promoted in rural areas. China's anti‐epidemic achievements provide ideas for the global battle against COVID‐19.

Targeted therapy for advanced non-small cell lung cancer with ALK translocation: brigatinib expands our capabilities and ensures success in fight against disease progression

The article explores a role of brigatinib in a basic strategy of treatment of ALK-positive non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with progressive disease on or with intolerance to crizotinib. Brigatinib, a next-generation anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) inhibitor, at an approved dose of 180 mg once daily (with 7-day lead-in at 90 mg) is associated with extremely high activity against a wide range of ALK mutations. Brigatinib demonstrate improvement in both, long-term efficacy (the median progression-free survival is 16.7 months, the median overall Survival is 34.1 months) and short-term response to treatment. Thus, in ALTA trial Brigatinib at a dose of 180 mg per day (with lead-in) in the 2nd line of targeted therapy, was associated with IRC (independent review committee)-assessed overall objective response rate of 56 % and the median duration of response of 15.7 months. Brigatinib demonstrated a high efficacy against intracranial disease: the rate of objective response in measurable brain metastases was 67 %, the median duration of response was 16.6 months, and the median progression-free survival in the central nervous system was 18.4 months. The safety profiles of brigatinib characterized by predictable and manageable toxicity. Brigatinib demonstrate the same high efficacy and good tolerability in Russian ALK+ NSCLC patients within early access programme. The expected approval of brigatinib for ALK+ NSCLC patients in the Russian Federation in the 2nd line of treatment can significantly expand our capabilities in the fight against this formidable disease.

A Perfect Storm in The Amazon Wilderness: Success and failure in the fight to save an ecosystem of critical importance to the planet

A Perfect Storm in The Amazon Wilderness: Success and failure in the fight to save an ecosystem of critical importance to the planet

Linking voice pitch to fighting success in male amateur mixed martial arts athletes and boxers.

Whereas voice pitch is strongly linked to people's perceptions in contexts of sexual selection, such as attractiveness and dominance, evidence that links voice pitch to actual behaviour or the formidability of a speaker is sparse and mixed. In this registered report, we investigated how male speakers' voice pitch is linked to fighting success in a dataset comprising 135 (amateur) mixed martial arts and 189 (amateur) boxing fights. Based on the assumption that voice pitch is an honest signal of formidability, we expected lower voice pitch to be linked to higher fighting success. The results indicated no significant relation between a fighter's voice pitch, as directly measured before a fight, and successive fighting success in both mixed martial arts fighters and boxers.

Chinese Success in the Fight for Europe

Chinese Success in the Fight for Europe

CREATING AN IMAGE OF EMPLOYER IN ORGANIZATION IN ASPECT OF EMPLOYER BRANDING ON THE EXAMPLE OF RECRUITMENT AGENCIES FROM THE IT INDUSTRY IN WROCŁAW. COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS

Management process of human resources as a result of rapid technological developments has evolved for years, nowadays with increasing intensity of competition, numerous companies with their human resources department are ahead and face with the big challenges. Most of all, these challenges relate in skillful way to attract in various ways and keep the most talented workers in the company (also known as talents) on for a long cooperation. Activities like these are essential key for the survival of the organization in the business world. That’s why employer branding has gained in importance because to reach a success in fight of talents on the labor market, organizations must keep up-to-date and pull analysis of changes in environment off and react quickly to them. In addition, companies are forced to reach for such methods like thoughtful and consistent game plan and send proper statements to potential workers and thereby, lead up to reach competitive advantage.

Serotonergic-linked alterations of aggression of the crayfish

ABSTRACT Current theory suggests that aggressive behavior in the crayfish is largely modulated and regulated by the neurotransmitter serotonin (5-HT). To test this theory that links serotonin to aggression, we performed a series of drug treatments using various serotonin-related chemicals to measure their effects on subsequent aggressive behavior. Treatments included serotonin, the serotonin precursor tryptophan, agonists: 1-(3-chlorophenyl) piperazine (m-CPP) and 5-Carboxy, an antagonist: cinanserin, and a serotonin receptor specific neurotoxin: 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine creatinine sulfate (5,7-DHT). Significant increases in aggression of Faxonius rusticus crayfish were observed when injected with serotonin and both agonists, however no decrease in aggression occurred with the antagonist. Crayfish injected with the agonist m-CPP increased aggression but did not directly confer success in fights. Our data support the current literature that the internal aggressive state of crayfish is altered by serotonin and its agonist/antagonists, however it does not on its own improve the aggressive fighting response and/or dominance status.

Lessons Drawn from Vietnam’s Success in COVID-19 Fight

Lessons Drawn from Vietnam’s Success in COVID-19 Fight

Hemşirelik Bölümü Öğrencilerinin Hepatit Hakkındaki Bilgi Düzeylerinin Belirlenmesi

Hepatitis is a sexually transmitted disease and an important social health problem. It is most important condition of success in fight against hepatitis that nursing students who will serve on health area in future have right information on subject. The aim of this study is Karamanoglu Mehmetbey University Faculty of Health Sciences nursing department students to investigate the level of knowledge about hepatitis. Research was conducted between May 1 and 31, 2019, and universe covers a total of 205 students, including 163 girls (79.5%) and 42 boys (20.5%). Average age of our students is 21.00 ± 1.76 (Min18-Max26). In collection of data, a questionnaire form consisting of questions “Sexually Transmitted Diseases Knowledge Test”. Questions prepared by researcher with the help of literature was used. Data were transferred to SPSS-21 program; Frequency and descriptive statistical analysis techniques were used for descriptive analysis. One-Way ANOVA and Chi-square tests were used to determine relationship between scale items age, class, gender variables. It was observed that students' knowledge about hepatitis B was higher than hepatitis C. Awareness of transmission routes of hepatitis; They are listed as parental, blood and sexual. It was determined that answers given by first year students to propositions were significantly lower than other classes. It has been determined that as class increases, participation rates of students increase. It has been determined that our students have a high level of understanding about hepatitis, but their knowledge about way of transmission of hepatitis viruses with blood and diseases caused by hepatitis viruses is insufficient. Viral hepatitis issues should be explained in the first grade, time allocated to hepatitis education in the courses should be increased and appropriate skill practices in which internships are provided should be developed.

Are good fighters also good singers? The relationship between acoustic traits and fight success in the treefrog Pithecopus nordestinus (Phyllomedusidae)

Morphological characteristics are known to be important predictors of victory in aggressive disputes in the animal world. Among anurans, however, acoustic communication also plays an important role in intrasex conflicts. Although there is evidence for the influence of spectral parameters of calls (e.g., fundamental and dominant frequencies) in anuran disputes, the role that temporal parameters (e.g., duration and repetition rate) play in success during physical conflicts is still poorly understood. We describe the behavior of male frogs in agonistic interactions and investigate the functions of the different types of calls emitted in different social contexts. We also evaluate how body characteristics (mass and body size) and bioacoustic characteristics (repetition rate of the calls) influence success in physical conflicts of Pithecopus nordestinus (Anura: Phyllomedusidae). Agonistic disputes involved gradation in the emission of calls, visual displays, and physical clashes. The fighting call increased in proportion during clashes, indicating a function associated with aggression/intimidation. The uneasiness call (new subcategory herein defined) was only performed by losers during physical clashes, suggesting a meaning of submission or restlessness. No differences were found in any of the morphological parameters between winners and losers of physical disputes. On the other hand, the repetition rate of the aggressive call was positively related to success in fights and proved to be a good predictor of success in fights between males of P. nordestinus. Our results contribute to understanding the influence of temporal parameters of calls on success in physical disputes of this Neotropical treefrog.

Predictors of Fighting Ability Inferences Based on Faces.

Facial perception plays a key role in various social interactions, including formidability assessments. People make relatively accurate inferences about men's physical strength, aggressiveness, and success in physical confrontations based on facial cues. The physical factors related to the perception of fighting ability and their relative contribution have not been investigated yet, since most existing studies employed only a limited number of threat potential measures or proxies. In the present study, we collected data from Czech Mixed Martial Arts (MMA) fighters regarding their fighting success and physical performance in order to test physical predictors of perceived fighting ability made on the basis of high-fidelity facial photographs. We have also explored the relationship between perceived and actual fighting ability. We created standardized 360° photographs of 44 MMA fighters which were assessed on their perceived fighting ability by 94 raters (46 males). Further, we obtained data regarding their physical characteristics (e.g., age, height, body composition) and performance (MMA score, isometric strength, anaerobic performance, lung capacity). In contrast to previous studies, we did not find any significant links between the actual and the perceived fighting ability. The results of a multiple regression analysis have, however, shown that heavier fighters and those with higher anaerobic performance were judged as more successful. Our results suggest that certain physical performance-related characteristics are mirrored in individuals' faces but assessments of fighting success based on facial cues are not congruent with actual fighting performance.

The developmental environment modulates mating-induced aggression and fighting success in adult female Drosophila.

Competition over access to resources early in life can influence development, and, in turn, affect competitive phenotypes in reproductive adults. Theory predicts that competition between adult females should be especially context‐dependent, because of constraints imposed by high costs of reproduction. However, the potential impact of developmental environments on competition in adult females remains little understood.In Drosophila melanogaster, the developmental environment can strongly influence adult condition, and prime adult competitive behaviour. In this species, female–female aggression is dependent on reproductive state and increases after mating due to the receipt of sperm and seminal fluid components. However, the effects of the developmental environment on adult female aggression, and any potential interactions with mating status, are unknown.To address this problem, we first raised flies at low and high larval density, which altered competition over limited resources, produced large and small adult females, respectively, and potentially primed them for differing levels of adult competition. We then fought the resulting adult females, either as virgins, or after receiving aggression‐stimulating ejaculates at mating, to test for interacting effects.We found, as expected, that mating elevated contest duration. However, this mating‐induced boost in aggression was strongly exacerbated for high density (small) females. Low density (large) females won more contests overall, but were not more successful in fights after mating. In contrast, mating increased the fighting success in females raised in high density environments.Our results suggest that individuals who experience competitive, resource‐limited, rearing conditions are more sensitive to the aggression‐stimulating effects of the male ejaculate. This finding highlights the importance of the developmental environment in mediating adult social interactions and provides support for the theory that female–female aggression should be highly context‐dependent. A http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/1365-2435.13214/suppinfo is available for this article.

Pregravid preparation as the main method of preventing undeveloped pregnancy

How to make a pregravid women with the stood pregnancy in the anamnesis is the key to success in the fight against miscarriage. The testing outside of pregnancy, the identification of reasons for stopping a previous gestation, adherence to medical recommendations in the programme of preparation for future conception and implantation is a required step in the management of women who have had non-developing pregnancy. Periconceptional prevention is effective only at its beginning 3 months before conception and in the early stages of development of the embryo and fetus (12 weeks).The purpose of the study was improvement profilakticheskih activities based on identified pathogenetic mechanisms of occurrence of missed abortion. Aim of the study: to perfect the features of pregravid preparation for pregnant with undeveloping pregnancy in anamnesis on the basis of the educed nosotropic mechanisms of origin of this pathology, her intercommunication with a folats deficit. Materials and methods. Research was conducted in a few stages. On the first stage retrospectively on the basis of analysis 90 hospital charts are educed the supposed risk factors. On the second stage the exposure of reliable risk and development of algorithms of prognostication of undeveloping pregnancy (factors was conducted in 2 groups - basic (90 pregnant with stopping beating pregnancy) and control (30 pregnant with normally aleak pregnancy). The methods of prophylaxis of this pathology offered in high-risk of origin of stopping beating pregnancy groups. One of them was application of folates, namely vitamin-mineral complex before and after conception. Results. On the basis of undertaken studies multifactor genesis of missed miscarriage was confirmed, and the basic etiologic factors of origin of this pathology are educed. Stopping beating of pregnancy at anomalous karyotype takes place for certain before (6.2±0.8 weeks) what at normal karyotype (8.7±1.2 weeks). Cross-correlation connection was set between frequency of development of chromosomal anomalies and level of homocysteine from МТНFR677ТТ, level correlation of Spirmena equaled 0.84 - direct cross-correlation connection. As a result of undertaken a study one of methods of preparation application of folates offered in a kind vitamin-mineral complex for 16 weeks to conception and 12 weeks after conception. Conclusion. High-frequency of МТНFR677ТТ of heterogeneous or homozygous carriers educed for women with undeveloping pregnancy. Application of folates is in a vitamin-mineral complex, can be one of the most effective methods in the prophylaxis of early reproductive losses.

Predictors of contest outcome in males of two subspecies of Gallotia galloti (Squamata: Lacertidae)

In many species, male coloration signals aggressiveness and/or fighting ability. Males of the Tenerife lizard (Gallotia galloti) have conspicuous ultraviolet (UV)-blue cheek and lateral color patches that are brighter in the breeding season and larger than those of females. We analyzed experimentally the effect of morphological and behavioral traits, including spectral variables from UV-reflecting color patches, on the outcome of staged dyadic contests between males of two subspecies of G. galloti. We performed two experiments: (1) using pairs of unmanipulated males and (2) reducing the UV reflectance of the UV-blue patches of one of the contestants with sunscreen lotion. Results from experiment 1 showed no significant difference between subspecies in the effect of any variable on contest outcome. Overall, winners had larger body mass, head width, and fore-limb length and showed a higher rate of aggressive behavior patterns than losers, whereas losers showed a higher rate of “tail shake,” which is considered a submissive behavior. Winners also had lateral UV-blue patches with higher (more blue-biased) hue than losers, but no other spectral trait had a significant effect on contest outcome. Results from experiment 2 showed that reducing patch reflectance in the UV range had no effect in one subspecies but significantly increased fighting success in the other. The probability of winning was positively associated with the frequency of bites (irrespective of whether individuals had manipulated patches or not). Results from both experiments suggest that while multiple traits (morphometric, coloration, and behavioral) may influence the outcome of male contests in G. galloti, behavioral traits take prevalence over morphological, including coloration, traits. The effect of several traits on the outcome of contests has been previously analyzed in males of several lizard species. These analyses have commonly considered the effect of a single trait on contest outcome. However, as even males of the same age and experience often vary across multiple morphological (including coloration), performance, and behavioral traits, it has been suggested that contest outcome could be influenced by several interacting traits. We tested this hypothesis by staging dyadic contests between males of two subspecies of the Tenerife lizard. Results from a first experiment showed that larger body mass, head width, fore-limb lengths, higher frequency of bites, throat extension, and higher peak reflectance (hue) of UV-blue patches significantly affected the probability of winning, while a large frequency of tail shakes was associated with losing. Results from a second experiment, in which we experimentally manipulated patch UV reflectance in one of the contestant lizards, showed that bite frequency and reduction of UV reflectance affected the probability of winning; we discuss the complex effect of this latter trait on contest outcome.

Boldness is for rookies: prefight boldness and fighting success in a sea anemone

Fighting experience (specifically winning or losing a fight) can significantly alter boldness, a component of resource-holding potential (RHP). Previous studies have shown that both the repeatability of boldness and mean-level boldness can be affected by fighting experience and that these effects are strongest in the recipients of agonistic behaviour. However, whether these postfight changes in boldness impact future contest success and whether subsequent contests further affect boldness remain unknown. Furthermore, little is known about the effects of the specific tactics used within a fight (within-fight experience) and how these might influence future fight performance and boldness. Here, we investigated the relationship between fighting success and boldness (measured as recovery time when startled) across repeated contests in the beadlet sea anemone, Actinia equina , measuring boldness on five occasions before, between and after two contests. We found that boldness (both repeatability and mean-level) was generally robust to the effects of fighting experience, apart from a decrease in the immediate boldness of losers after their second fight. Furthermore, we found that while prefight boldness significantly predicted fighting success and the level of aggression used in an individual's first fight, it did not predict victory or aggression in the second fight. Our findings thus indicate that different traits may be important in determining fighting success in consecutive fights and, moreover, that fighting experience may alter which traits contribute to an individual's RHP.