Substrate Width Research Articles

A comprehensive study of gate-induced drain leakage current and electrical characteristics in nanosheet field-effect transistors due to variation in structural parameters and ambient temperature

Abstract IIn this paper, two substrate optimization approaches of triple stacked Nanosheet FET (SNSHFET), namely optimization of buried oxide and selective deposition of punch through stopper (PTS) substrate, have been examined and simulations have been carried out using Technology Computer-Aided (TCAD) software. A comprehensive study of leakage current and key electrical characteristics (I¬ON, VT, SS, DIBL) have also been extracted based on variation in temperature from 298 K to 450 K, sheet width, fin pitch, substrate width, and source/drain doping, as well as different substrates. When the ambient temperature of SNSHFET is varied from 298 K to 450 K, the gate-induced drain leakage (GIDL) current increases and degrades the VT and ION/IOFF ratio. GIDL current also increases with increased doping of the source and drain. Also, the impact of ultra-thin body substrate in SNSHFET is studied for the reduction in GIDL current and optimization in the performance. It is observed that a reduction in the substrate width and the nanosheet width decreases the GIDL current, while variation in Inter-fin pitch has no significant impact on the GIDL current and other electrical characteristics. The band-to-band tunneling rate and electric field profiles are observed at the channel-drain and gate-substrate overlap region for understanding the physical insights of leakage current in the SNSHFET. This work also answers the dependency of GIDL current on the gate and drain voltage supply respectively. In addition to that, how GIDL current responds to the variation in the source-drain doping and with different PTS doping has been explained. The 3 nm-based SNSHFET is designed and its electrical and GIDL characteristics are compared with novel devices like Forksheet FET and Complementary FET.

Step-edge-guided nucleation and growth mode transition of α-Ga2O3 heteroepitaxy on vicinal sapphire

Abstract Controlling the epitaxial growth mode of semiconductor layers is crucial for optimizing material properties and device performance. In this work, the growth mode of α-Ga2O3 heteroepitaxial layers was modulated by tuning miscut angles (θ) from 0° to 7° off the (10-10) direction of sapphire (0002) substrate. On flat sapphire surfaces, the growth undergoes a typical three-dimensional (3D) growth mode due to the random nucleation on wide substrate terraces, as evidenced by the hillock morphology and high dislocation densities. As the miscut angle increases to θ=5°, the terrace width of sapphire substrate is comparable to the distance between neighboring nuclei, and consequently, the nucleation is guided by terrace edges, which energetically facilitates the growth mode transition into the desirable two-dimensional coherent growth. Consequently, the mean surface roughness decreases to only 0.62 nm, accompanied by a significant reduction in screw and edge dislocations to 0.16×107 cm-2 and 3.58×109 cm-2, respectively. However, the further increment of miscut angles to θ=7° shrink the terrace width less than nucleation distance, and the step-bunching growth mode is dominant. In this circumstance, the misfit strain is released in the initial growth stage, resulting in surface morphology degradation and increased dislocation densities.

Design and implementation of hybrid fed array antennae for Sub-6 GHz and 5G mm-wave communication and wireless applications

Abstract This paper proposes fractal-inspired array antennae for wideband applications. The proposed antennae have a resonance frequency range of 20–40 GHz. The modified fractal antennae are fabricated with a height of 1.6 mm, substrate width, and length of 100, 50, 25, and 18.75 mm2, and a simulated result shows that the gain is increased to 11.04, 11.9, 8.4, and 6 dBi, and the designed antennae radiate power with directivity of 11.3, 13.4, 9.29, and 7.17 dBi concerning proposed designs A, B, C, and D, respectively. The proposed antennae with 5G New Radio (NR) bands have more radiation concerning resonate frequencies in the 20–40 GHz range with Φ = 0°, Φ = 90°, and θ = 90°. Moreover, the bandwidths for applications covered in the 5G NR and sub-6G are 1.92, 0.73, 0.7, 2.4, 1.3, 5.3, and 1.26 GHz, and 3.4, 3.7, 2.67, and 4.65 GHz, and 2, 3.5, and 1.57 GHz, and 2.5, 1.5, and 1.0 GHz with the maximum return loss of 37 dB, 32.8 dB, 31.2 dB, and 23 dB with corresponding resonate frequencies as 21.5, 27.6, 33, and 27.6 GHz concerning designs A, B, C, and D, respectively. The proposed antennae have been implemented and validated using Computer Simulation Technology (CST), Vector Network Analyzer (VNA), spectrum analyzer, and power sensor.

Design and experimental analysis of fractal antennae with ground‐defected structure for expected 6G and 5G mm‐wave communication and wireless applications

AbstractThis article proposes modified fractal antennae for wideband applications. The proposed antennas have a resonance frequency range of 10–40 GHz. Modified fractal antennae are designed and fabricated with a height of 1.6 mm, substrate width, and length of 35 mm2. The simulated result shows that the peak gain is increased by 6–8 dBi for the proposed designs DGS 1 and DGS 2 concerning fractal antennae FA 1 FA 2. Based on the proposed designs, the designed DGS 1 and DGS 2 antennae radiate power with a peak directivity of 8.58–13.3 in dBi concerning fractal antennae FA 1 FA 2. The proposed antennas with expected 6G and 5G NR bands have more radiation concerning resonate frequencies such as 14, 30, and 37 GHz, and 14, 17.1, 19.5, 30, 33.2, and 36.92 GHz in the 10–40 GHz range with Phi = 0°, Phi = 90°, and Theta = 90° concerning designs DGS 1 and DGS 2. At frequencies in the mm‐wave range, the antenna has more fluctuations, and current distribution is concentrated on fractal slots, in which antennas have more radiation. Proposed antennae have pencil beam properties required for advanced 5G mm‐wave communication. A more radiating antenna has a maximum return loss of 27 and 30 dB for designs DGS 1 and DGS 2, respectively. Moreover, the bandwidths covered in the 5G NR and expected 6G frequency ranges are 13.5–16.8 GHz, 27–38.1 GHz, and 12.63–14.68 GHz, 15.3–40 GHz, concerning designs DGS 1 and DGS 2. The proposed antennae have multiband, which cover more applications in the n257, n258, n259, n260, and n261 5G NR bands and expected 6G bands with the ground‐based radio navigation applications, and so forth. The proposed fabricated antennas also cover 5G and expected 6G applications with good matching. The proposed antennae have been simulated using CST, and the results of the fabricated antenna have been validated using the vector network analyzer, spectrum analyzer, and power sensor.

Effect of coupling on the performance a periodic leaky wave patch antenna

This article demonstrates the effect of coupling between two metal strips and the substrate width of a periodic leaky wave patch antenna operating at 80 GHz. Increasing the width of the substrate and the distance between the metal patches results in directional radiation and a good reflection coefficient in the 72-86 GHz band.

Bubble transfer on wettability-heterogeneous surfaces

Researches have investigated the formation, transportation and spreading of bubble on solid surface with specific wettability. However, bubble transfer on wettability-heterogeneous surfaces has been rarely reported, which also plays significant role in water electrolysis, heat transfer, micro-bubble collection, etc. In this work, we carefully investigate the behavior of bubble transfer from the aerophobic or aerophilic region to the superaerophilic region through fabricating the wettability-heterogenous surfaces. Surface energy was elucidated to be transformed to the kinetic energy during bubble transfer process. Theoretical analysis on the average velocity of bubble transfer was consistent with the experimental results. The influence of wettability of solid substrate, bubble volume and superaerophilic stripe width on bubble transfer are carefully investigated. Moreover, wettability-heterogeneous surfaces were explored to be applied in micro-CO2 bubble collection and H2 bubble removement in water splitting.

Catchment-scale variability and driving factors of fine sediment deposition: insights from a coupled experimental and machine-learning-based modeling study

PurposeFine sediment deposition is an important component of the catchment sediment budget and affects river morphology, biology, and contaminant transfer. However, the driving factors of fine sediment deposition remain poorly understood at the catchment scale, limiting our ability to model this process.MethodsFine sediment deposition and river reach characteristics were collected over the entire river network of three medium-sized (200–2200 km2) temperate catchments, corresponding to 11,302 river reaches. This unique database was analyzed and used to develop and evaluate a random forest model. The model was used to predict sediment deposition and analyze its driving factors.ResultsFine sediment deposition displayed a high spatial variability and a weak but significant relationship with the Strahler order and river reach width (Pearson coefficient r = −0.4 and 0.4, respectively), indicating the likely nonlinear influence of river reach characteristics. The random forest model predicted fine sediment deposition intensity with an accuracy of 81%, depending on the availability of training data. Bed substrate granularity, flow condition, reach depth and width, and the proportion of cropland and forest were the six most influential variables on fine sediment deposition intensity, suggesting the importance of both hillslope and within-river channel processes in controlling fine sediment deposition.ConclusionThis study presented and analyzed a unique dataset. It also demonstrated the potential of random forest approaches to predict fine sediment deposition at the catchment scale. The proposed approach is complementary to measurements and process-based models. It may be useful for improving the understanding of sediment connectivity in catchments, the design of future measurement campaigns, and help prioritize areas to implement mitigation strategies.

Graphene-Based Metasurface Refractive Index Biosensor for Hemoglobin Detection: Machine Learning Assisted Optimization.

Machine learning is the latest approach to optimize the performance of absorbers, sensors, etc. A sensor with behavior prediction using polynomial regression is presented. Three different variations of metasurfaces namely double split-ring resonator, single split ring resonator, split ring resonator with thin wire are analyzed. The proposed design aims to achieve the highest sensitivity by observing different designs and different parameter variation. The highest sensitivity is achieved for double split-ring resonator and single split ring resonator designs. The change in thickness of different parameter affect the absorption and the highest sensitivity is calculated based on these variations. The polynomial regression (PR) model is employed to predict the absorption values for assorted combinations of intermediate wavelength values with angle variation, substrate thickness, substrate length, substrate width, graphene potential, and resonator thickness values. Test Cases R-30 and R-50 are evaluated using R2 score metric to assess the effectiveness of PR model for predicting the values of absorption. R2 score close to 1.0 is achieved for all the experiments at a higher (more than 5) polynomial degree, which proves the prediction efficiency of a regression model. The proposed biosensor designed with a PR model can be applied in biomedical applications for hemoglobin detection.

Numerical Analysis and Parametric Optimization of T-Shaped Symmetrical Metasurface with Broad Bandwidth for Solar Absorber Application Based on Graphene Material

Solar energy is an essential renewable energy source among all the other renewable energy sources. It is possible to improve the efficiency of the solar energy absorber by increasing the solar energy absorber’s capacity for absorption, which can help in building better solar-based renewable energy devices. The need of covering the whole solar spectrum led us to design this T-shaped metasurface solar absorber which is based on graphene material. The T-shaped absorber gives 90, 88 and 57% absorption in the visible, infrared and UV regions, respectively. This symmetrical structure is also periodic with respect to x-axis and y-axis. This solar absorber demonstrates better efficiency compared to many other existing solar absorbers. The solar absorber is also compared with two other square-1 and square-2 designs to show the improvement in solar energy absorption. The parametric optimization method is applied to optimize the design. The parameters, such as the length and width of the substrate and the thicknesses of the T-shaped metasurface and substrate, are varied to find out the optimized design for maximum solar energy absorption. The optimized parameters obtained from the optimization are 1000, 2500, 3000 and 3000 nm, for resonator thickness, substrate thickness, substrate length and substrate width, respectively. The design results for graphene material and its potential variation are also observed. The design also shows good absorption for a wide-angle of incidence of about 0 to 50°. The increased efficiency of this design can be applied in future solar absorber devices.

Post-processing of additively manufactured IN625 thin-walled structures using laser remelting in directed energy deposition

Blown-powder directed energy deposition (DED) is especially useful for depositing on an existing part for the purpose of repair or adding features. Thin substrate deposition, wherein the width of the substrate is smaller than the laser diameter, is an important configuration for building and repairing complex components in various geometries. The present study seeks to understand the efficacy of in-line post-processing methods based on laser remelting (LR) for reducing internal (e.g., porosity) and external (e.g., surface roughness) for such thin-walled repair configurations. In this work, different levels of LR energy density and substrate width were evaluated using the LR process. Post processing outcomes in terms of deposit geometry as well as spatial distribution of porosity, pore density, pore volume fraction, pore diameter, and surface roughness were evaluated using X-ray microcomputed tomography and optical profilometry. The results showed that LR reduced pore density up to 88 % and reduced areal surface roughness to 4.159 μm. At some threshold, increasing LR energy density increased surface waviness and modified deposition geometry, this indicative of limits to the post processing method. Strategies for using LR to reduce total porosity, near-surface porosity, and improving surface roughness are briefly discussed.

Hybrid optimization algorithm for optimal designing of microstrip patch antenna

AbstractMicrostrip Patch Antennas (MPAs) are generally renowned for their adaptability regarding feasible geometries, which makes them appropriate for numerous diverse conditions. The suitability to integrate and the trivial structure with microwave incorporated circuits was said to be the major advantage among several advantages. MPA poses constricted bandwidth; thus it has a complication while tuning. In addition, MPAs are renowned for their reduced gain. As a result, there is a necessity to raise the gain and bandwidth of MPA. This work intends to put forward a novel approach that gets a non‐linear objective for assisting the modeling of solution spaces for antenna constraints. Thus, “Salp Swarm based Shark Smell Optimization (SS‐SSO) that hybrids the concepts of Salp Swarm Algorithm (SSA) and Shark Smell Optimization (SSO)” is developed that tuned the constraints of MPA. The implication of the developed approach is to boost the antenna gain by optimal electing of dielectric value, patch length, substrate width, and thickness of MPA.

An Explicit Thermal Resistance Model Regarding Self-Heating Effect of AlGaN/GaN High Electron Mobility Transistor

This paper introduced an accurate empirical model for the thermal resistance of a single-finger AlGaN-GaN high electron mobility transistor (HEMT) on three different substrates including Sapphire, SiC and Si. The model reckons the constant thermal conductivity of GaN and substrate, thickness of host substrate layers, gate length (Lg) and width (Wg). The model plausibility is verified by comparing it with DC channel temperature measurement method and charge controlled based device modeling which agrees very favorable observation of the model data. Having nimble expression for the channel temperature is of inordinate importance in the field of designers of power device and monolithic microwave integrated circuits. Proposed model gives a variety of inquiries that would be impossible or impractical to do using time-consuming numerical simulations.

Hybrid optimization model for design and optimization of microstrip patch antenna

AbstractThe antenna design for a specified resonant frequency necessitates the computation of optimal values of different sizes. This is a harder task for microstrip patch antenna (MPA) since there is no precise numerical formula that leads to accurate solutions for designing these antennas. Presently, bio‐inspired approaches are widely deployed in numerous antenna designs and it has revealed an immense assurance in handling the rising necessities of antenna engineering for overall cost, reduced size, and enhanced performances. This work aims to introduce an optimal MPA design, where the antenna elements like patch length, patch height, substrate width, and substrate length are optimally tuned by a new hybrid optimization model. For this, a new hybridized model known as shark smell integrated EHO is proposed. Eventually, the primacy of the suggested model is scrutinized via varied assessments.

A High Interaction Impedance Microstrip Meander-Line With Conformal Dielectric Substrate Layer for a W-Band Traveling-Wave Tube

A U-shaped microstrip meander-line (MML) with an additional conformal dielectric substrate layer (CMML) is investigated for application in <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${W}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> -band traveling-wave tubes (TWTs). The interaction impedance of such slow wave structure (SWS) is at least 29% higher than that of typical N-shaped and U-shaped MML circuits with the same dimensions. Furthermore, the conformal substrate layer probably results in less energy concentration in the dielectric substrate to reduce attenuation and also reduces the chance of electron striking and accumulation on the substrate. In addition, a customized waveguide housing with input–output coupler is optimized for the relatively wider substrate width to house the SWSs and facilitate measurements. The particle-in-cell (PIC) simulation results predict that it potentially could provide maximum saturated output power 31.4 W and 21.9 dB gain at 96 GHz, with a 3-dB bandwidth of 92–98 GHz when the operating voltage is 6550 V and beam current is 100 mA, respectively. If the thickness of conformal quartz layer increases to <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$30 ~\mu \text{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> , the maximum output power can reach over 80 W. The measured S-parameters of the proposed entire 20-period structure match the simulated one well. The measured <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${S}_{21}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> is better than −5.3 dB in the frequency range of 88–102 GHz. Attenuation is about 5.9–7.7 dB/cm in the <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${W}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> -band, which is better than the measured results reported before.

The bond properties between ultra-high-performance concrete and normal strength concrete substrate: Bond macro-performance and overlay transition zone microstructure

This study investigates the bond performance between ultra-high-performance concrete (UHPC) and normal strength concrete (NSC) substrate. A hoop constraint method is designed to assess the shrinkage effect of repair materials on bond macro-performance. The bond strength and permeability of the same specimen are determined using the hoop constraint method. Additionally, the properties of repair materials, such as drying shrinkage, thermal gravity analysis, and mercury intrusion porosimetry, were investigated. The overlay transition zone (OTZ) microstructure is analysed to reveal the bonding mechanism. The results indicate that the hoop constraint method effectively reflects the ability of UHPC to overcome the significant autogenous shrinkage effect and achieve good bond macro-performance. Moreover, the UHPC-combined substrate exhibits better bond strength than that of the NSC because the repair interface of the UHPC is more compact than that of the NSC. Furthermore, the OTZ width of the UHPC-combined substrate is narrower than that of the NSC, and in the OTZ, the modulus of the UHPC is higher than that of the NSC.

Complimentary Split Ring Resonators Design On Patch Mikrostrip Antenna For Reducing Ads-B Antenna Dimension

Microstrip Patch Antenna works for Automatic Dependent Surveillance – Broadcast (ADS-B) and antenna frequency resonances at 1.09 GHz. Microstrip Patch Antenna dimension has big shape for antenna micostrip resonancing frequency at 1.09 GHz. In order to Solve this problem, metamaterial is chosen and Complimentary Split Ring Resonators (CSRRs) is the one of metamaterial technique. Complimentary Split Ring Resonators CSRRs is derived from a Split Ring Resonator (SRR) compliment. Early dimension of Microstrip antenna substrate and patch are calculated by Equation that dimension of substrate is 137x130 mm and dimension of patch is 85x65. Dimension of SRR that compliment forms to CSRRs is 9x6 mm for SRR inner ring and 13x10 mm for outer ring. Microstrip antenna VSWR is 1.134 and VSWR increases to 22,73 when CSRR is etched on antenna patch. In order to decrease antenna VSWR, optimation is applied by substrate and patch dimension iteration. Substrate and patch dimension Iteration is enlarge and reduce antenna substrate and patch width and length.  Optimation result is VSWR that VSWR comes to 1,559 and substrate and patch dimension is reduced to 27,9% and 14,1%.

Footprint Analysis of CMOS Compatible Silicon-on-Insulator Based Photonic Waveguides

Aim: Establish the efficient footprint size, i.e., the total substrate width of photonic waveguides (Ridge, Rib, and Slot) under the fundamental mode propagation constraints. Objective: By varying the total substrate width for all photonic waveguides (Ridge, Rib, and Slot) with respect to four major waveguide parameters, namely effective refractive index, propagation loss, propagation length, and confinement percentage, the converged values of these waveguide parameters have to be obtained. Methods and Materials: The Finite Element Method (FEM) based simulations, using the COMSOL Multiphysics, have been used to study the modal characteristics of photonic waveguides to achieve their efficient footprint size. Results: The total substrate widths have been obtained for all four parameters and considering the impact of all these waveguide parameters simultaneously, the efficient total substrate width has been recognized as 2500 nm, 4000 nm, and 3000 nm, respectively, for Ridge, Rib, and Slot waveguides. Conclusion: The efficient waveguide footprints, i.e., the total substrate widths for the three photonic waveguides, namely Ridge, Rib and Slot waveguides have been established.

A Wavy-Structured Highly Stretchable Thermoelectric Generator with Stable Energy Output and Self-Rescuing Capability

A Wavy-Structured Highly Stretchable Thermoelectric Generator with Stable Energy Output and Self-Rescuing Capability

Investigate the effect of temperature, length, width, and thickness of substrate on thermal conductivity of graphene copper nanocomposites

The novel thermal conductivity of graphene-copper (GN/Cu) nanocomposites, which include thermal transport of phonons and electrons, has attracted tremendous attention for the development of next-generation nanoelectronic and optoelectronic device applications. To study the effect of temperature, length, width, and substrate thickness on thermal conductivity, Large-Scale Atomic/Molecular Massively Parallel Simulator (LAMMPS) software has been taken to perform molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. The Green Kubo methods with Embedded Atom Method (EAM), Reactive Empirical Bond Order (REBO), andLenard-Jones (L-J) potentials were used to analyze interactions of atoms. First of all, the thermal conductivity of copper and graphene at 300k temperature has been observed. The thermal conductivity of (GN, GN/Cu (10 0), GN/Cu (110), and GN/Cu (111)) was observed by a wide range of temperature (300K to 1000K). Thermal conductivities of GN, GN/Cu (1 0 0), GN/Cu (1 1 0) and GN/Cu (1 1 1) at 300k were obtained as 1500 Wm-1K -1 ,1204Wm-1K -1 ,1005 Wm -1K -1 ,897 Wm -1K -1 respectively. It was witnessed that the thermal conductivity of GN/Cu (1 0 0), GN/Cu (1 1 0), and GN/Cu (1 1 1) decreased by 80.26%, 67%, 59.8% as compared to graphene by changing temperature. It was also observed that thermal conductivity of GN/Cu (1 0 0), GN/Cu (1 1 0), and GN/Cu (1 1 1) decreased by 231.30%, 221.01%, 231.26% with the change in thickness of the substrate. It was calculated that thermal conductivity of GN/Cu (1 0 0), GN/Cu (1 1 0), GN/Cu (1 1 1) increased by 290.7%, 323.98%, 523.1% within length variation from 7nm to 11.0nm.It was also calculated that thermal conductivity of GN/Cu (1 0 0), GN/Cu (1 1 0), GN/Cu (1 1 1) increased by 290.7%, 323.98%, 523.1% within width variation from 0.8 nm to 2.0 nm. Finally, it was concluded that thermal conductivity increased with the increase of length as well as width. It was investigated that the above-mentioned parameters significantly improve the thermal conductivity of GN/Cu (111), which is beneficial for high-performance nanoelectronic and optoelectronic devices include solar cells.

SUN-MKL1 Crosstalk Regulates Nuclear Deformation and Fast Motility of Breast Carcinoma Cells in Fibrillar ECM Microenvironment.

Aligned collagen fibers provide topography for the rapid migration of single tumor cells (streaming migration) to invade the surrounding stroma, move within tumor nests towards blood vessels to intravasate and form distant metastases. Mechanisms of tumor cell motility have been studied extensively in the 2D context, but the mechanistic understanding of rapid single tumor cell motility in the in vivo context is still lacking. Here, we show that streaming tumor cells in vivo use collagen fibers with diameters below 3 µm. Employing 1D migration assays with matching in vivo fiber dimensions, we found a dependence of tumor cell motility on 1D substrate width, with cells moving the fastest and the most persistently on the narrowest 1D fibers (700 nm–2.5 µm). Interestingly, we also observed nuclear deformation in the absence of restricting extracellular matrix pores during high speed carcinoma cell migration in 1D, similar to the nuclear deformation observed in tumor cells in vivo. Further, we found that actomyosin machinery is aligned along the 1D axis and actomyosin contractility synchronously regulates cell motility and nuclear deformation. To further investigate the link between cell speed and nuclear deformation, we focused on the Linker of Nucleoskeleton and Cytoskeleton (LINC) complex proteins and SRF-MKL1 signaling, key regulators of mechanotransduction, actomyosin contractility and actin-based cell motility. Analysis of The Cancer Genome Atlas dataset showed a dramatic decrease in the LINC complex proteins SUN1 and SUN2 in primary tumor compared to the normal tissue. Disruption of LINC complex by SUN1 + 2 KD led to multi-lobular elongated nuclei, increased tumor cell motility and concomitant increase in F-actin, without affecting Lamin proteins. Mechanistically, we found that MKL1, an effector of changes in cellular G-actin to F-actin ratio, is required for increased 1D motility seen in SUN1 + 2 KD cells. Thus, we demonstrate a previously unrecognized crosstalk between SUN proteins and MKL1 transcription factor in modulating nuclear shape and carcinoma cell motility in an in vivo relevant 1D microenvironment.