Substrate Integrated Waveguide Slot Array Research Articles

Analysis of an integrated lens antenna fed by SIW slot array using a hybrid MoM–PO method

This paper presents a very fast and highly efficient full-wave hybrid method for analyzing an integrated dielectric lens antenna (ILA) fed by multilayered substrate-integrated waveguide (SIW) slot antenna/array. The feeding antenna structure is modeled as a stacked parallel-plate waveguide with metallic posts, coupling, and radiating slots. Physical optics method in conjunction with three-dimensional ray tracing technique is employed to analyze the effect of the dielectric lens on the SIW feeding slots. Fields in the SIW structure are computed by considering the Dyadic Green's function expressed as an expansion of vectorial cylindrical eigenfunctions and taking into account scattering at the conducting posts. Slots are modeled with equivalent magnetic currents expressed as a sum of domain basis functions. By imposing continuity of the tangential components of the fields an integral equation is obtained that is solved with the application of method-of-moments. In order to validate the proposed technique, a hemispherical ILA fed by a double-layered SIW cavity which is backed with slot antenna is analyzed. Excellent agreement is obtained with HFSS software together with significant improvement in computational time and memory requirements.

Substrate integrated waveguide slot array antenna covered by circularly polarised array patches

A novel substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) slot array antenna covered by circularly polarised array patches is proposed. The corner-truncated rectangular patch covering the radiating slot is introduced to generate the circular polarisation. To increase the normalised resonant conductance, the patch is moved from the centre line of the slot. The design procedure is similar to the conventional SIW slot array antenna due to the slot combined with the patch that can be seen as a radiating element. A 4×4 array antenna with uniform distribution is designed, fabricated and measured at the Ka-band. The measured results agree well with the simulations.

Millimetre‐wave slotted array antenna based on double‐layer substrate integrated waveguide

In this study, a millimetre-wave slotted array antenna based on double-layer substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) is proposed. The radiating array and feeding network are arranged on different substrate layers with a normal printed circuit board process. The design procedure of radiating elements based on array parameters extraction is introduced. A broadband T-junction and tilted coupling slots are used for power division in feeding network. A broadband right-angle transition between SIW and standard rectangular waveguide WR28 is designed and integrated in the bottom metallic plate for measurement. An 8 × 8 array operating at 35 GHz is designed and fabricated. Measured gain is 19.94 dB with sidelobe suppression of −19.8 dB in the E-plane and −17.7 dB in the H-plane at the centre frequency. The measured bandwidth of 20 dB return loss is 1.32 GHz. The good agreements between simulations and experiments demonstrate that the proposed double-layer SIW slotted array antenna is a good choice for un-rectangular aperture array and large array applications.

Improved Design of Low Sidelobe Substrate Integrated Waveguide Longitudinal Slot Array

A single-layer substrate integrated waveguide slot array is presented for use in low sidelobe applications. A compact three-level power divider is developed to provide the required phase distribution and enhanced co-phase bandwidth. Then, the Elliott’s design procedure is employed taking accurately into account both the external coupling and the high-order mode internal coupling. The measured radiation pattern and the frequency response are in very good agreement with design specifications and with simulated results provided by CST Microwave Studio. The measured sidelobe level at the center frequency is below $-$ 32.3 dB in the E-plane and below $-$ 33.8 dB in the H-plane for a design goal of $-$ 35 dB.

Accurate Design of Planar Slotted SIW Array Antennas

A general and accurate design method based on the Method of Least Squares is developed to resonant planar substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) arrays fed by slot couplers. In this approach, which uses Elliott's design formulas by the concept of the equivalent waveguide, a multiterm error function for achieving the input impedance matching and the desired pattern synthesis is formulated and minimized by an efficient hybrid optimization method. For accuracy verification purpose, an SIW slot array with 3×6 elements is considered. The results of the proposed method without further optimization by the full-wave simulations are compared to the results of the simulation software (Ansoft HFSS and CST), and it shows a good agreement.

Gain Enhancement of Beam Scanning Substrate Integrated Waveguide Slot Array Antennas Using a Phase-Correcting Grating Cover

In this paper, planar beam scanning substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) slot leaky-wave antennas (LWAs) are proposed for gain enhancement using a metallic phase correction grating cover. Unlike conventional Fabry-Perot (FP) cavity antennas, the proposed antenna is fed by the SIW beam scanning LWA instead of a feeding antenna. The beam scanning angle range is enlarged by meandering the entire feeding structure and the gain is enhanced by a metallic grating cover acting as a 1-D lens. Two kinds of the gratings with different metal strip parameters are designed and analyzed. The proposed antennas operating at the center frequency of 25.45 GHz are designed and experimentally verified for an automotive collision avoidance radar with a gain enhancement of about 4 ~ 6 dB. The proposed SIW LWAs have the advantages of high gain, low profile, easy fabrication and beam-scanning capability good for millimeter wave radar applications.

A Folded Reflectarray Antenna With a Planar SIW Slot Array Antenna as the Primary Source

An integrated design of a planar source-fed folded reflectarray antenna (FRA) with low profile is proposed to achieve high gain for Q-band millimeter wave high data rate wireless communication applications. A planar substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) slot array antenna is adopted as the primary source to illuminate the proposed FRA. Considerations of the off-focus loss and the asymmetry E- and H-plane beamwidths loss of the planar source are thoroughly investigated to improve the aperture efficiency of the reflectarray antenna. A prototype is implemented and the experimental results are in good agreement with the predictions, which exhibit a measured |S 11 | less than -10 dB over the frequency band of 41.6-44 GHz, a maximum boresight gain of 31.9 dBi at 44 GHz with the aperture efficiency of 49% and a -3 dB gain drop bandwidth of 41.8-44.9 GHz. By integrating with the planar feed, the proposed folded reflectarray antenna benefits from its low-profile, low cost, and the ability of coplanar integration with millimeter wave planar circuits while maintaining the good performance in terms of gain and efficiency.

이중 편파 위상 배열 시스템을 위한 기판 집적 슬롯 배열 안테나

In this paper, we propose a SIW(Substrate Integrated Waveguide) slot array antenna for dual-polarized phased array system. The basic part of the array is a subarray comprising an vertical-polarization and horizontal-polarization. A vertical-polarization slotted SIW single-polarization linear array. Using SIW, A vertical polarization linear array consists of 8 uniform longitudinal slots and 4-way SIW feeding network. Using HMSIW, horizontal-polarization linear array consists of 8 slots and 4-way SIW feeding network.

Design of a substrate integrated waveguide modified R-KR lens for millimetre-wave application

In this study, a new type of substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) beamforming network (BFN) based on the principle of the modified R-KR lens has been proposed and experimentally verified. Through the detailed analysis of such a structure, a prototype lens with 15 input ports is implemented together with an SIW slot array antenna at 30 GHz, which is able to cover a wide angle of (−59°, 59°) with its 3 dB beam-width. The measured radiation efficiencies of the lens excited at different ports range from 21.6 to 40.8%. This type of BFN takes the advantages of low profile, low cost and high performance, and may be applied to millimetre-wave mobile communications and radars with beam switching technology.

A novel hybrid planar SIW magic tee and monopulse antenna

AbstractIn this article, a novel planar substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) magic Tee is proposed, and the magic Tee is implemented in a monopulse antenna design. Although the E arm is lain down, the magic Tee is of good performance. The magic Tee is used in a monopulse SIW slot array, and the beam pattern is measured. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 52: 686–689, 2010; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.24990

Design and implementation of low sidelobe substrate integrated waveguide longitudinal slot array antennas

Low sidelobe longitudinal slot array antennas are investigated based on substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) technology. The design method consists of the characterisation of the radiating element, the synthesis of the linear array and the development of the planar array including a feeding power divider by performing full-wave electromagnetic simulations for the final accurate design. Two planar slot array antennas are fabricated with a normal printed circuit board (PCB) process. Low sidelobe features are verified by the measured results which are in agreement with the simulated results. For an 8 times 8 SIW slot array antenna, the measured sidelobe levels (SLLs) are below -36 dB in the H-plane and below -25 dB in the E-plane with the Gain of 20.3 dB at 9.9 GHz. And for a 16 times 16 antenna, the SLLs are below -30 dB both in the E-plane and H-plane with the Gain of 24.4 dB at 10 GHz. The achieved design goals on the radiation patterns therefore validate the proposed low sidelobe SIW slot array antennas to be valuable candidates for high performance communication and radar applications.

Simulation and experiment on SIW slot array antennas

By etching longitudinal slots on the top metallic surface of the substrate integrated waveguide (SIW), an integrated slot-array antenna is proposed in this letter. The whole antenna and feeding system are fabricated on a single substrate, which takes the advantage of small size, low profile, and low cost, etc. The design process and experimental results of a four-by-four SIW slot array antenna at X-band are presented.