Substrate For Mushroom Cultivation Research Articles

Selenium uptake and associated anti-oxidant properties inPleurotus fossulatuscultivated on wheat straw from seleniferous fields

The present study was carried out to examine the antioxidant activity in oyster mushroom cultivated on selenium (Se) rich substrate. Pleurotus fossulatus was cultivated on Se-rich wheat straw collected from the seleniferous belt of Punjab (India) and its potential to accumulate Se from substrate was examined. Using different assay systems the modulations in the anti-oxidant profile of Se enriched mushroom was studied in comparison to the mushrooms cultivated on normal straw. The oyster mushrooms were observed to potentially mobilize Se from Se-rich substrates to fruiting bodies, resulting in significantly high uptake (37.2±0.6 μg g−1) as compared to control (3.57±0.53 mg g−1). The antioxidant activity, as determined by various assays, such as reducing power, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl free radical scavenging, and metal chelating activity, was higher in the experimental mushrooms when compared to control. The results obtained demonstrate that Se-fortified mushrooms through cultivation on straw containing organic forms of Se can be considered as natural and effective dietary supplements of organic Se for humans. The present study proposes the use of Se-rich agricultural residues as substrates for mushroom cultivation for human and livestock supplementation.

버섯재배용 배지재료의 성분분석

버섯의 혼합배지에 사용되는 배지원료의 아미노산과 일반성분을 분석한 결과, 순단백질(아미노산) 함량은 대두박이 44.02%로 가장 높았고, 건비지가 31.5, 면실박이 30.6%로 나타났다. 주요 질소원 배지지료의 비단백태질소화합물(NPN)의 조단백질에 대한 비율은 대두박이 2.4%, 건비지는 5.6%였지만, 탄소원 배지재료인 미강과 밀기울은 17.6%로써 높았다. 조단백질/가격(원)은 채종박이 6.0으로 가격대비 조단백질량이 높은 것을 알 수 있었다. 균사생장에 관여하는 가용성무질소물(NFE)는 알파콘이 72.9%, 소맥피B가 57.2%로 높았다. 산성세제불용섬유(ADF)는 콘콥이 51.88%로 높았는데, 잣버섯 등 갈색부후균이 이용하기 어려운 리그닌이 포함되어 있으므로 사용에 주의가 필요하다. The contents of raw materials which are components of mixed substrate for mushroom cultivation were analyzed to optimize the composition. The pure protein(amino acid) level of soybean meal was the highest, 44.02% followed by those of soybean curd residue(31.5%) and cotton seeds meal(30.6%). The non protein nitrogen(NPN) contents in crude protein of main nitrogen materials were 2.4% for soybean meal and 5.6% for dried soybean curd residue, while those of wheat bran and rice bran used as the carbon source were relatively higher, 17.6% compared to that of nitrogen supplying media. Crude protein content per price was 6.0 for rapeseed meal, indicating that it is high crude protein content per price. Nitrogen-free extract(NFE) considering as an ingredient for mycelial growth were high in alphacorn(72.9%) and wheat bran B(57.2%). Acid detergent fiber(ADF) was high in corncob, 51.88%, its use for cultivation of brown rot fungi including Lentinus lepideus should pay attention because the fungi lack complete lignin degradation activity.

Dissipation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in soil microcosms amended with mushroom cultivation substrate

The potential of mushroom cultivation substrate (MCS) in bioremediation was examined in polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH)-contaminated soil. After a 60-day incubation, 32.9% dissipation of the 15 studied PAHs was observed in MCS-amended microcosms, with anthracene, benzo(a)pyrene and benzo(a)anthracene being the most degradable PAHs. MCS significantly increased the abundance and changed the community compositions of bacteria, fungi and aromatic hydrocarbon degraders. Two species belonging to the Sordariomycetes of the Ascomycota were enriched in all MCS-treated soil samples, and coupled with the unique changes in the PAH profile, this implies the involvement of laccase-like enzymes. Limited improvement was observed after adding Pleurotus ostreatus, possibly because of its poor colonization of the soil. In addition, alfalfa appeared to antagonize the bioremediation effects of MCS. The results of this study suggest that MCS can be a cost-effective and green biostimulation agent, thereby providing support for the development of MCS-based biostimulation of PAH-contaminated soil.

Characterization Of Solid Wastes Generated By A Community In Ghana – The Case Of Asante Mampong

The solid wastes generated by the community in Mampong-Ashanti (Ghana) were categorized by sorting and weighing the components. Organic materials constituted the biggest component, forming more than two-thirds of the total solid waste. Wastes of the staple foods of the community, especially, cassava, yam, plantain, coco-yam and maize, were the main constituents of the organic wastes. Plastic/rubber, paper, metallic, glass, textile materials were insignificant components in terms of mass, but were however, very significant in visibility. The community was aware of many uses of solid wastes, such as recycling and composting, but the citizens had not engaged in waste conversion. The technologies of production of beads, soap, substrates for mushroom cultivati-on and organic fertilizers from household wastes could be transferred to the community to create jobs and gener-ate income. Landfills and relocation of refuse dumps far from the community were suggested as alternative disposal methods to reduce the unsightly waste piles. Journal of Applied Science and Technology Vol. 12 (1&2) 2007: pp. 46-51

Indoor composting of vine by-products to produce substrates for mushroom cultivation

This paper describes a new technique for producing high quality, low cost organic substrates for use in the cultivation of the most widely consumed edible mushroom, Agaricus bisporus (Lange) Imbach. With production, economic and environmental concerns in mind, the aim of this work was to provide fresh impetus to the edible fungus industry by introducing alternative materials to those traditionally used in substrate production: in this case waste products from grape growing and wine making (vine shoots, grape stalks and grape pomace). These were composted under controlled conditions. While no more biologically efficient than traditional compost, the agronomic assessment of the alternative indoor substrates (performed using different proportions of grape stalks and vine shoots as base materials and using two varieties of Agaricus bisporus) showed them to be economically viable (their use reduces costs) and environmentally advantageous (their use reduces the emission of volatile compounds).

Effect of caffeine and tannins on cultivation and fructification of Pleurotus on coffee husks

The objective of this work was to study the effect of caffeine and tannins on Pleurotus sp. cultivation and to evaluate the feasibility of using coffee husks as substrate for mushroom cultivation. Eight strains of P. ostreatus and two strains of P. sajor-caju were screened on a medium prepared from agar extract of coffee husk. Based on best mycelial growth and biomass production, the strain P. ostreatus LPB 09 was selected for detailed studies. With the increase of caffeine concentration, the mycelial growth and the biomass production decreased, and no growth was observed when concentration of caffeine was 2500 mg/L. Furthermore, Pleurotus did not degrade the caffeine, but absorbed it. Tannin under 100 mg/L in the medium stimulated the growth of mycelia, but above 500 mg/L it had a negative effect. When the concentration reached 1000 mg/L, the fungus still survived and showed a certain tolerance to it. No tannic acid was found in the mycelia, but its concentration decreased in the medium. This fact confirmed that Pleurotus had the capacity of degrading tannic acid. Fructification occurred after 20 days of inoculation and the biological efficiency reached about 97% after 60 days. Caffeine content in the husk after cultivation was reduced to 60.7% and tannins to 79.2%. The results indicated the feasibility of using coffee husk without any pretreatment for the cultivation of Pleurotus.

Recycling of the waste substrate for mushroom cultivation. II : Cultivation of Pleurotus ostreatus and Flammulina velutipes using the sawdust from waste Shiitake bed logs

Recycling of the waste substrate for mushroom cultivation. II : Cultivation of Pleurotus ostreatus and Flammulina velutipes using the sawdust from waste Shiitake bed logs

Silkworm litter: Use as nitrogen replacement for vegetable crop cultivation and substrate for mushroom cultivation

In adopting any technology it is important to consider the waste utilisation aspect so that better returns are obtained and the pollution of the environment by waste is minimised. In sericulture industry the waste from rearing trays, i.e. the silkworm litter, is available in large quantities. The present study has shown that silkworm litter could be used as a nitrogen source in replacing chemical fertilisers for vegetable crop production and as a substrate for mushroom cultivation.

Comparative study on growth and yield performance of oyster mushroom (<i>Pleurotus florida</i>) on different substrates

Experiment was carried out in the mushroom cultivation laboratory, Horticulture Center, Khairtala, Jessore to evaluate the better performance of oyster mushroom Pleurotus florida in different substrate compositions as well as to find out the better substrate for mushroom cultivation. Highest mycelium running rate was found in banana leaves and rice straw (1:1) but the lowest in control. Completion of mycelium running time was lowest in banana leaves and rice straw (1:3 and 3:1). Number of total primordia and effective primordia, found highest in control but the maximum pileus thickness was measured from rice straw. Highest biological yield and economic yield (164.4 g and 151.1 g) was obtained from rice straw which was much higher than control. From the graphical view, both positive and negative relationships were found between economic yield and different yield contributing attributes. Keywords: Banana leaves; Rice straw; Growth; Yield; Pleurotus florida DOI: 10.3329/jbau.v8i2.7928 J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 8(2): 213-220, 2010