Soybean Substitution Research Articles

Aerobic vs. anaerobic fermentation for recycling swine waste in tropical farmlands

Aerobic and anaerobic fermentation systems have been proposed as an attractive solution for waste recycle and a way for overcoming the lack of protein in tropical feedstuffs such as cassava meal, but little attention has been paid to the problem of increasing land productivity, measured as kg of liveweight/ha-year, within farms where plant and animal production are integrated. Comparison is made of present production system of hogs in Mexico, using sorghum and soy bean meals, with a potential system, using cassava meal blended with roasted (full fat) soy beans. It is found that land productivities are, 500 and 881 kg/ha-year, respectively. This seems to indicate that introduction of cassava meal in swine production systems might increase by 76% land productivity of integrated farms as compared to the use of sorghum in tropical regions. Substitution of soy beans by aerobic fermentation of cassava, increases land productivity only 1% as compared to cassava:soy beans alternative. Partial recycling of swine waste using lactic fermentation in order to improve sanitary conditions, increases land productivity by 13% as compared to cassava:soy bean alternative. It is concluded that fermentation procedures do not increase land productivity in order to compensate for capital and labour costs of those procedures but they could be an attractive way to waste management. Anaerobic fermentation would be a more efficient process for such a purpose and a cheaper one to implement in rural areas of the Third World.

Substitution of Soybean and Cottonseed Products for Fish Meal in Diets Fed to Chinook and Coho Salmon

Abstract Feeding trials were conducted with chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) and coho salmon (O. kisutch) to determine whether full-fat soybeans, commercial dehulled soybean meal, or solvent-extracted cottonseed meal could be used in an Abernathy diet as a partial replacement for fish meal with limited supplementation. Inclusion of full-fat soybeans in the diets fed to chinook salmon markedly reduced weight gain and increased mortalities. Commercial soybean meal inhibited gains in both species of salmon. Cottonseed meal was used efficiently as a replacement for fish meal in diets fed to chinook salmon but was not used as well by coho salmon at the highest level fed. The reason for the inadequacies of the soybean products was not determined.