Substantive Content Research Articles

Analyzing the Response of Urban Design Plans to the Emerging Drivers in the Contemporary Urban Environment of US Cities: A Comparative Study

This research examines the substantive content of two urban design plans to assess the extent to which their goals were translated into high-coverage design aspects across the tiers of the design hierarchy. The results showed that both plans have failed to consider design and sustainability as overarching cross-scale elements. The emerging drivers were neither explicitly emphasized nor reflected in the plans’ themes and policies. The translation of the plan goals into design themes, focus areas, and high-coverage design aspects has involved many discrepancies due to low coverage of the related design aspects and to the approach of the plan’s development.

Med students of various study years structural substantive peculiarities of health behavior

This paper presents the structure and descriptive content attitude peculiarities health behavior among 1st, 3rd, and 6th-year med students. With the use of the complex questionary "Health behavior" by R.А. Berezovskaya as well as the empirical data interpretation and mathematical-statistical processing hypothesis about structural substantive differences of an interrogated phenomenon among med students of various study years were confirmed. But the assumption about the leading part in the structure of the axiological-motivational component relationship was confounded. This component plays a bonding part between knowledge and personality health behavior. For each study year, specific health behavior features are determined by the formula: I know – I don’t worry. I know – I do (for 1st study year); I know – I worry – I do (for 3rd study year); I know – I don't worry. I know – I do. I worry – I don’t do (for 6th study year). The axiological-motivational component has an indirect effect on the health behavior structure through other components separate block-questions: 1st year – cognitive and behavioral; 3rd – cognitive and emotional; 6th – emotional and behavioral. The substantive components' content of health behavior is observed for 1st-year students with the life experience taken to account, for 3rd-year students – by the gradual life knowledge and behavior modes displacement with acquired special knowledge and skills, for 6th-year students – by the general "professionalization" of health behavior and reliance on the competencies formed in the learning process in the core doctor assets. The general structure of health behavior for all med students has a pronounced “knowledgeable” nature with the leading part of the cognitive component in combination with positive emotions and individual actions of self-preserving behavior. The axiological-motivational component in the general structure of the attitude, presented in isolation from the available knowledge, experienced feelings, and executed behavior, confirms the conclusions in the scientific literature that for young people health and a healthy lifestyle is a possibility rather than a desirable model of behavior in which the value of health is actively declared by all, but is realized only by a small part of students.

Legislative framework for national contingency planning and response.

Contingency plans are a key tool to prevent and respond to events of different origins and nature that may affect animal health, animal welfare and veterinary public health needs. They should include a number of elements ranging from assessment and notification systems, financial arrangements and the role of national authorities. To help to ensure their effective and rapid implementation and prevent gaps, they should be based on a clear legal framework; this 'enabling legislation' will provide for basic requirements and the overall content of the plans. This paper first examines the basis of an effective and comprehensive legal framework for national contingency planning and response and considers the formal and substantive contents of such a framework. It then looks at different steps that can be taken to evaluate and strengthen existing national legislation. Finally, it describes the assistance role of the World Organisation for Animal Health in reviewing and developing national legislation.

Vocabulary Agreement between Academic Korean and Korean Language Course Textbook Review and Implications

본 연구는 2017년에 수정 고시된 개정 한국어(KSL) 교육과정과 국어과 교육과정 간의 연계성을 기반으로 한 효과적인 교육 방안을 구상할 근거를 마련하고자 하는 데에 목적을 두었다. 우선 본 연구의 대상자인 중도입국 한국어 학습자를 위해 이러한 목적을 달성하기 위하여, 개정 한국어(KSL)에서의 ‘학습 한국어’의 영역과 관련 문헌에 대한 비판적 고찰을 한 데 이어, 그 해당 어휘 목록과 국어과 교재 간의 일치율까지 검토해 보았다. 이러한 문헌 분석과 말뭉치 분석 방법(corpus analysis)을 통해 도출된 연구 결과는 다음과 같았다. 먼저 개정 전과 후의 한국어(KSL)에서의 학습 한국어 어휘 수가 크게 늘었음을 알 수 있었다. 그 다음으로는 개정 한국어(KSL)의 중·고등학교 학습 한국어와 국어과 교재 간의 어휘 일치율을 통하여 특정 출판사(두산 2, 신사 1, 2)에 해당하는 교재가 난이도 측면에서 낮거나 학습 부담감을 가장 크게 덜어줄 수 있음을 알 수 있었다. 이에 본 연구는 개정 한국어(KSL) 교육과정과 국어과 교육과정이 연계된 수업 현장에서 교사가 실제 활용 가능한 교재를 선정하는 데에 있어 참고할 만한 구체적 단서를 얻었으면서, 차후에는 보다 실질적인 교재 내용의 구상으로 반영될 것을 기대할 수 있었다.The purpose of this study is to provide a basis for the development of an effective educational plan based on the connectivity between the revised Korean as a Second Language Curriculum and the Korean Language Course. In order to achieve the purpose of this study, for immigrant adolescent Korean learners, critical review of the area of Learning Korean in the revised Korean as a Second Language Curriculum and related document was conducted. A review of agreement between their related vocabulary and Korean Language Course Textbook Vocabulary was conducted as well. The study results derived from the document analysis and corpus analysis were as follows. First of all, it was found that the number of Korean language vocabulary of revised Korean as a Second Language Curriculum was increased greatly after revision. In the second place, through the agreement of vocabulary between middle and high school learning Korean of revised Korean as a Second Language Curriculum and Korean Language Course Textbook of revised Korean as a Second Language Curriculum, the textbooks corresponding to specific publishers (Doosan 2, Shinsa and 1,2) are the lowest in terms of difficulty or the burden of learning is lowest. Therefore, this study found the specific clues that can be used for selecting practical teaching materials that teachers can use in the classrooms linked with the revised Korean as a Second Language Curriculum and Korean Language Course and in the future, it could be expected to reflect more substantive textbook contents.

Classifying public policies with Moral Foundations Theory

Morality policy researchers have long grappled with the difficulty of determining objective or empirical criteria for classifying policies with moral content. A newer, but related, critique has suggested that we cannot classify morality policies by their substantive content, because policy debates employ moral frames for strategic purposes. This paper joins this debate by using Moral Foundations Theory to conduct quantitative content analyses of the supporting and opposing arguments in Voter Guides that accompanied referenda on enacting (1) the death penalty, (2) same-sex marriage, (3) physician-assisted suicide, (4) Official English, (5) recreational marijuana, (6) medical marijuana, (7) abortion funding bans, (8) tribal gaming, (9) minimum wage increase, (10) Right to Work legislation, and (11) property tax limits. MFT quantitative content analysis shows that frames with ostensibly instrumental arguments hold moral content. Our findings endorse the argument that researchers should differentiate between pure and mixed morality policies and other non-morality policies with decidedly less moral content.

Visuals Dominate Investor Decisions about Entrepreneurial Pitches

Entrepreneurs and investors often deem substantive content to be particularly important as they evaluate the potential value of business propositions. Yet across 12 studies and 1,855 participants u...

A Jurisprudential Analysis of Authorization for Experimental Administrative Reform

As a new form of authorization with independent legal status, the authorization of experimental administrative reform falls between legislative and administrative authorization. Decisions on authorization of experimental administrative reform have two aspects, viz., “the temporary adjustment or temporary suspension of the application of certain provisions of a law” and “authorizing a given experimenting body to implement this decision.” In essence, the former is the organic combination of two elements: suspending the implementation of a law and formulating a new experimental law; it does not belong under amendment of the law. The latter, on the other hand, is a special legislative authorization similar to administrative franchise. As a method of exercising public power, authorization for experimental administrative reform should follow the procedural requirements laid down in the Decision of the Central Committee of the CPC on Certain Major Issues concerning Comprehensively Advancing the Law-based Governance of China; further, it may not overstep the bounds of the forms of expression or substantive contents determined by the principles of the modern rule of law.

A Critique on the Concept of Jus Cogens and Its Substantive Content in International Law: A Brief Overview

The legal concept of jus cogens in international law was introduced by the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties (VCLT). This convention does not explicitly define jus cogens. Article 53 of the VCLT instead enumerates the conditions that norms should fill in order to qualify as peremptory norms. This convention, however, is still lack of clarity on the concept of jus cogens norms and its substantive content. In this paper, the authors briefly explained to readers: what does the term jus cogens mean in a general sense; what norms are falling within the catalogue of jus cogens ; and how do we decide which norms are jus cogens norms. Hence, this paper deals with problems and difficulties arise under international law with regard to the concept of jus cogens and its substantive content using a conceptual, normative and case approach. Keywords: Jus Cogens, VCLT, International Law, Peremptory norm. DOI: 10.7176/IAGS/68-03 Publication date: July 31 st 2020

Occupational arbitrage equilibrium as an entropy maximizing solution

A standard critique of attempts to apply entropy-maximizing perspectives to income distribution phenomena in economics is that they do not have appropriate characterizations of individuals making choices, which is at the core of economic modeling. This paper presents a possible bridge between these two seemingly separate universes of discourse. With a specific illustration we show that a conventional model of choice between occupations by individuals can lead to an economic equilibrium which can also be characterized as an outcome which maximizes the entropy of the distribution of individuals across occupations (and hence across incomes). This occupational choice interpretation can provide economic and institutional basis to what has, up to now, often been characterized as somewhat mechanical translation of methods from one discipline to another, without substantive content. The illustrations provided in the paper are a first step in exploring the possible linkages between occupational choice and maximum entropy approaches in modelling income distribution outcomes.

О «реализмах» (рассказ О. Н. Ольнем «Тихий угол» и литературные воспоминания С. Н. Дурылина «В родном углу»)

<p>The article studies and compares various possibilities of Russian classical realism, it reveals and describes the features of constructing images of the world in the works of O. N. Olnem (V. N. Tsekhovskaya) and S. N. Durylin. The pictures of the world by Olnem and Durylin are limited mainly by the manor topos. Localization of the events within the manor space is the key for the presence of the same objective and spiritual realities in the analyzed works, nevertheless, distributed and correlated differently. While the “narrative levels” in Durylin’s memoirs (subject, functional, socio-historical, subjective-personal, cultural-historical, Christian ones) are value-coordinative and the Orthodox determines theoanthropic “verticality” of the estate world, in Olnem’s description all the “estate elements” are coordinate and exist in the horizon of a personal or social event, they are factographic, only psychologically and / or socially colored, and the “Christian event lasting in eternity” loses its world-organizing function and is present as a formal rhetorical tradition. The difference in the actualization by Olnem and Durylin of the value of narrative levels is expressed in the implied meanings of the name — <em>A Quiet Corner</em>, <em>In the Home Corner</em>. The writers relate the “Manor Corner” to silence. However, if for Durylin the “quiet”, “silence” is a spiritual complex that expresses the Christ-like essence of a person, for Olnem, silence is a socio-historical category, designed to mark semantically the process of disappearance of the “noble nest,” silence as a synonym for death. Thus, no matter how close the work of the writers came together in substantive content, no matter how similar and related they were, the “watershed” separating them, in the words of V. V. Rozanov, turns out to be the “attitude to faith, God”. This difference determines the existence of different "realisms" in Russian literature and, consequently, of different reading and research strategies.</p>

Aspectos mórfico-sintáticos e a funcionalidade do artigo como construtor do texto

O artigo é, dentre as categorias gramaticais, uma das mais expressivas, porém nem sempre explorado. Alguns autores tiram-no da passividade e dão-lhe um tom aguerrido e múltiplo. A presença do artigo definido traz reforço aos nomes abstratos pluralizados, acentuando-lhes a vaguidade; assim como sua omissão esvazia as arestas de nomes concretos, gerando sigmatização. O artigo cria também uma função rítmica e tem um papel intensificante em nível entoativo, uma vez que o acento tonal reforça o conteúdo substantivo. E um texto produzido por meio de uma pontuação lógica, ausente o sistema afetivo, traduz tons afetivos, tons intensivos, se manipuladas habilmente as estruturas mórfico-sintáticas. Sob a luz dos estudos de Macambira (1974), Cressot (1969), Borba (1971), Brik (1978), Paiva (1961), Pimpão (1942), propomos discutir o uso e a função do artigo sob o ponto de vista mórfico e sintático bem como sua funcionalidade dentro do texto: a superlativação, a enfatização, a entoação. Assim, a carta Ao Sr. E. Mollinet, na Correspondência de Fradique Mendes, de Eça de Queiroz (s/d), serviu de contexto para aplicação da teoria arrolada, posto que o uso eciano do artigo contextualiza situações que indicam as condições destacadas.

Unpacking Gender, Age, and Education Knowledge Inequalities: A Systematic Comparison

ObjectiveScrutinize how the three main sources of knowledge inequalities, namely, gender, age, and education, relate to the content, format, and object of the survey items used to measure knowledgeMethodsUsing a pooled data set encompassing 106 postelection surveys in 47 countries from the CSES, we perform analyses by stacking the data at the question level.ResultsQuestions probing familiarity with electoral and partisan politics provide knowledge gaps of a higher magnitude. However, our balanced comparison of the three gaps also confirms the peculiarities of the gender gap in knowledge previously portrayed by the bulk of the literature.ConclusionSurveys aspiring to measure citizens’ knowledge about the political world in a valid manner should include items inquiring about different substantive contents, and not only elections or partisan politics as the available postelectoral surveys around the world currently do. They also should use closed‐ended format with at least four possible options, and should maximize the object of inquiry, so that the cognitive abilities required to correctly answer the questions are diverse and the measurement does not favor one over the others.

Syria & Locating Tyranny, Hegemony and Anarchy in Contemporary International Law

Substantive renderings of tyranny, hegemony or anarchy as governance forms within international law seldom appear. When invoked, tyranny and anarchy are presented as exceptional while hegemony, in accounts often borrowed from international relations scholarship, is defined as mundane and a natural explanation of international legal governance. This article puts forward substantive accounts of all three—tyranny, anarchy and hegemony—and utilises these to understand a single event, the airstrikes against Syria after the use of chemical weapons by the Assad Government in 2018. This event is first described in detail. The article examines the current use of the three theories in international legal theory and considers their substantive content. Next, these three theories are applied both singularly and in combination to the events in Syria to demonstrate what can be observed about international law through their deployment. This article shows the value of understanding the operation of international law through each of these prisms in their substantive form but also, and most markedly, what can be understood when all three frames are combined to explore a single event.

Once More uBbuntu: A Reply to Radebe and Phooko

This article is a critical engagement with the most recent contribution to the debate on the nature and content of ubuntu. The contribution (by Radebe and Phooko) attempts to provide the concept of ubuntu with substantive content in order for the concept to provide legal solutions for legal problems. This article shows how this attempt largely fails for three reasons. In the first place because some of the suggested rules are social/moral rules that cannot be enforced by law. In the second place because other rules are already contained in common law, legislation or case law. In the third place the remaining rules are arguably either unconstitutional or inappropriate in an open and democratic society. The conclusion is that the suggested rules are not appropriate in an open society.

APPROACHES TO TRANSFORMATION OF MALADAPTIVE FORMS OF VICTIM BEHAVIOUR AMONG STUDENTS IN SCHOOL EDUCATIONAL ENVIRONMENT

Background of the research is associated with insufficient coverage of the correction of maladaptive forms of victim behavior in the educational environment. This article provides analysis of the approaches to victim behavior of maladaptive type in national and foreign psychology. This article defines maladaptive forms of victim behavior and describes its characteristics. In foreign researches, the emphasis is on the involvement of parents in the correction of problems of children's behavior. The role of the educational environment in behavior correction is often omitted. The object of the study is to identify the psychological and pedagogical conditions for the transformation of maladaptive forms of victim behavior of a adolescent in the educational space of a school. Methods: The research involved 201 people, of which 119 girls and 82 boys. The causes and correlates of the emergence of victim behavior were identified, with the subsequent inclusion of adolescents in socially useful activities. Results : The substantive content of various types of victim behavior of adolescents was revealed. It also describes non-victim behavior. It highlights and describes the conditions for the effective work on transformation of victim behavior among teenagers. It represents the results of the research of security settings of the educational environment which is also the base for safe behavior. This article also defines the parameters of psychological and pedagogical support which provides the transformation of the teenager behavior. Conclusions: The organization of socially useful activities can be an effective means of transforming maladaptive forms of victim behavior.

DOUBLE MURDER: PRACTICE AND COMPARATIVITY

The article is devoted to a comparative legal study of the intentional murder of two or more persons. A review of current issues regarding the qualification of this crime against life has been carried out. The conclusion is drawn about the need to improve the criminal law of Ukraine and judicial practice regarding the intentional murder of two or more persons.Qualified murderis called a murder committed in the presence of at least one of aggravating circumstances (qualifying signs), listed in the second part of article 115 of the criminal code of Ukraine. Legal scholars qualified the crime (qualified form of the crime) is defined as a crime, has several directly stipulated by the relevant article of the Special part of the criminal code of signs (aggravating circumstances) that indicate increased social danger of this crime compared to the unqualified (simple) view of the same crimeQualified murder with high responsibility to the Ukrainian legislator in paragraph 1 of article 115 of the criminal code of Ukraine has established the premeditated murder of two or more persons. investigative and Judicial practice shows that considerable difficulties arise when qualifying the actions of the perpetrator, if the result is death intentionally caused by two or more persons. The responsibility for this type of murder provided for by paragraph 1 of part two of article 115 of the criminal code of Ukraine. At first glance, the basis for significant increase in responsibility in this case is the presence of two victims, each of which is death caused with deliberate form of guilt. However, this approach is very simplified design of the part the murder of two or more entities. According to scientists, the quantitative characteristics of the victim when committing the crime must be determined by the particular substantive content of the intent of the perpetrator.The objective of the article is to further theoretically develop the topic of criminal liability for the intentional killing of two or more persons, taking into account modern achievements of the criminal law comparative law.Comparative legal analysis of legislation in the countries of Romano-Germanic legal family have shown that such an aggravating circumstance as to the murder of two and more persons is inherent only in the criminal legislation of post-Soviet countries, in other countries, including formersocialist, this aggravating circumstance of the murder is virtually nonexistent. But in those criminal codes that contain this aggravating circumstance its wording is identical: «murder of two and more persons», as well as in paragraph 1 of part two of article 115 of the criminal code of Ukraine. This rule provides that deprivation of life of these individuals ohoplyuvalos single intent of the perpetrator. For this training no matter what the motive was guided by the perpetrator and whether he was the same when the deprivation of life of each of the victims. The presence of a time gap in the implementation of the single intent to kill two or more persons the values for the classification of the crime under paragraph 1 of article 115 of the criminal code of Ukraine has not.In judicial practice of countries that have a double murder as aggravating circumstance, the question arose about how to qualify simultaneous murder of one person and the attempted murder of another. In its decision determined different positions. Is the predominant view that loss of life of one person and the attempted murder of another do not form of this aggravating circumstance and require qualification on set of crimes of the first or the corresponding paragraph of part two of article 115 and article 15 and paragraph 1 of part two of article 115 of the criminal code of Ukraine. Thus, the first part of the crime reflects the fact of deprivation of life of one of the victims, and the second attempt at a premeditated murder of several people. Although the position is not perfect, but is supported by most of the domestic scholars and practitioners.

Third turn position in British election phone-in conversations

AbstractAn election radio phone-in program is designed for questions and answers, thus providing a context for direct interaction where lay-participants can engage with politicians’ responses. The current study aims at examining the third position that follows a question-answer sequence in a phone-in conversation, when radio hosts and/or callers evaluate politicians’ answers. Previous research has shown that radio hosts may offer a comeback to the caller, terminate the call, or ask their own question; and that a caller may come back on their own initiative. The aim of this article is to discover if there are patterns that underlie this diversity in the third position in radio phone-in conversations. The data consist of 4 hours and 20 minutes of transcribed conversations from election phone-ins from the Leading Britain’s Conversation (LBC) radiobroadcast prior to the 2015 general election. Using Conversation Analysis, this study looks at the sequential context and the substantive content of utterances to examine if the design and the content of the question and answer have bearing on the third position. The findings show that hosts either offered a comeback to callers or terminated the call right away when the politician’s answer was non-evasive and lacking opposition; that hosts or callers pursued an answer when evasion and opposition were apparent, and that callers pursued only when they showed oppositional stance taking in the questioning position.

Exploring further debates in the secularization paradigm. Debate on Jörg Stolz’s article on Secularization theories in the 21st century: ideas, evidence, and problems

Commenting Stolz’s 2019 International Society for the Sociology of Religion presidential address, this article further explores four key current debates in the secularization paradigm: (1) the continued search for the ultimate root causes of secularization in the West, (2) the critique from individualization theories towards the concept of secularization, (3) the substantive content of nonreligion, and (4) the risks of limiting ourselves to grand theories.

Misinformation, subjectivism, and the rational criticizability of desire

Orthodox Humeans about normative reasons for action believe that there are no rational principles governing the substantive content of desire. But they also believe that desires with misinformed content should be rejected and cannot be the proper subjective sources of normative reasons for action. These two ideas, I argue, in fact stand in tension with each other: The Humean rejection of misinformed desire actually has to invoke a feasibility principle for desire, a semi-substantive rational principle that is already built into the very conceptions of rationality and desire that underlie orthodox Humeanism. This rational principle then provides a new account of the substantive rationality of desire, which in turn has some interesting implications in metaethics and first-order normative theories.

The genomic data deficit: On the need to inform research subjects of the informational content of their genomic sequence data in consent for genomic research

Research subject consent plays a significant role in the legitimation of genomic research in Europe – both ethically and legally. One key criterion for any consent to be legitimate is that the research subject is ‘informed’. This criterion implies that the research subject is given all relevant information to allow them to decide whether engaging with a genomic research infrastructure or project would be normatively desirable and whether they wish to accept the risks associated with engagement. This article makes the normative argument that, in order to be truly ‘informed’, the research subject should be provided with information on the informational content of their genomic sequence data. Information should be provided, in the first instance, prior to the initial consent transaction, and should include: information on the fact that genomic sequence data will be collected and processed, information on the types of information which can currently be extracted from sequence data and information on the uncertainties surrounding the types of information which may eventually be extractable from sequence data. Information should also be provided, on an ongoing basis, as relevant and necessary, throughout the research process, and should include: information on novel information which can be extracted from sequence data and information on the novel uses and utility of sequence data. The article argues that current elaborations of ‘informed’ consent fail to adequately address the requirements set out in the normative argument and that this inadequacy constitutes an issue in need of a solution. The article finishes with a set of observations as to the fora best suited to deliver a solution and as to the substantive content of a solution.