Substance Rehabilitation Research Articles

The role of locus of control in nyaope addiction treatment

Background: Nyaope addiction is a significant health and social problem affecting some South African communities. With reported nyaope rehabilitation success rates of less than 3% and estimated dropout rates of 40%, improvement in the rehabilitation rates is essential. As locus of control (LOC) is a recognised predictive factor in the onset of substance use and rehabilitation outcomes, a rehabilitation programme aligned to the LOC orientation of the user could result in improved recovery outcomes. This study aimed to determine the LOC of nyaope users.Methods: Consenting adult male and female nyaope users voluntary participated in this quantitative study. After convenient sampling, 115 nyaope users admitted to drug rehabilitation centres registered and funded by the Gauteng Department of Social Development and 106 nyaope users from the streets of urban areas of Tshwane completed a self-administered validated questionnaire. LOC orientation was determined by giving participants 13 statements from which they had to choose the option that best described their situation in relation to drug addiction.Results: A total of 24.5% (47/192) of the respondents could be classified as having an external LOC orientation while 75.5% (145/192) were classified as having an internal LOC orientation.Conclusions: By determining the LOC orientation of a nyaope user, rehabilitation programmes could be aligned to suit the personality of the user leading to a better chance of successful recovery with fewer cases of readmission.

Disability in Individuals with Substance Abuse and Rehabilitation Needs of Their Caregivers

Disability in Individuals with Substance Abuse and Rehabilitation Needs of Their Caregivers

La historia de la Ley de Responsabilidad Penal de menores de edad en Chile: un ejercicio genealógico y una propuesta de análisis

Resumen El año 2007 comenzó a regir en Chile la ley de responsabilidad penal de menores de edad. Como consecuencia se han desarrollado una serie de programas orientados a intervenir adolescentes, con un fuerte énfasis en el tratamiento y rehabilitación de consumo de sustancias. En el presente trabajo, se busca mirar dicho proceso desde una perspectiva crítica, utilizando un abordaje genealógico. Se da cuenta del surgimiento de un nuevo ámbito de acción para los saberes psi, el joven infractor de ley, como resultado de procesos de configuración y articulación de tres ámbitos de gobierno: el castigo y la privación de libertad, el cuidado de los menores de edad y el control del consumo de drogas. Se concluye con la propuesta de un marco comprensivo crítico para el análisis de las prácticas y los discursos en torno a la intervención de este nuevo sujeto.

Can Indian Classical Music Play a Role in Prevention of Substance Use Disorders and Rehabilitation of Persons Suffering from them?

C l i n M e d International Library Citation: Sanivarapu S (2015) Can Indian Classical Music Play a Role in Prevention of Substance Use Disorders and Rehabilitation of Persons Suffering from them?. Int Arch Addict Res Med 1:005 Received: February 13, 2015: Accepted: May 09, 2015: Published: May 11, 2015 Copyright: © 2015 Sanivarapu S. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Sanivarapu. Int Arch Addict Res Med 2015, 1:1 ISSN: 2474-3631

Gender disparity in utilization rates of substance abuse services among female ex-offenders: a population-based analysis

Background: The use and abuse of substances is common among offender populations. Although the female former offender population has risen substantially in recent decades, relatively little is known about their substance abuse treatment experiences. Objective: This study examines disparities in substance abuse treatment utilization among the US population with special focus upon formerly incarcerated female offenders. Methods: Using data from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC, n = 43,093) collected in 2001–2002 and 2004–2005 the authors compared lifetime rates of substance abuse treatment utilization between female and male ex-offenders with the U.S. general population. The sample population covered inpatient and community based substance use treatment, detoxification and rehabilitation programs. It is a nationally representative sample of noninstitutionalized persons over the age of 18. Multinomial logistic regression was performed and likelihood of using substance use treatment and services was calculated using adjusted odds ratios (AOR). Results: Compared to male ex-offenders, female ex-offenders were 52% less likely to use substance-abuse treatment services (AOR = 0.48, 95% CI = 0.26–0.89) and 51% less likely to use rehabilitation programs (AOR = 0.49, 95% CI = 0.26–0.93). Compared to females in the general population, female ex-offenders were 10 times more likely to use substance-abuse treatment services (AOR = 10.14, 95% CI = 5.71–18.00), 10.5 times more likely to use substance detoxification programs (AOR = 10. 45, 95% CI = 5.64–19.39); 8 times more likely to use inpatient wards (AOR = 8.05, 95% CI = 4.16–15.59); 9 times more likely to use outpatient wards (AOR = 9.06, 95% CI = 4.89–16.81), and 12 times more likely to use substance-abuse rehabilitation programs (AOR = 12.06, 95% CI = 6.55–22.22). Conclusions: While female ex-offenders were more likely to have used a range of substance abuse services when compared to the general population, they were less likely to use substance-abuse treatment services and rehabilitation programs than male ex-offenders.

P-47 - Substance misuse patterns and blood types of self-introduced addicts to substance rehabilitation centers of Bam City

With regard to the perceptible population, cultural, social and environmental changes in the aftermath of the earthquake in Bam City, this study was conducted to pinpoint substance misuse patterns and to figure out the probable relationship between substance misuse and blood types of the addicts referred to Substance rehabilitation Clinics from 2006 to 2007 in Bam City. In this case-control study, the sample size includes volunteering and self-introduced addicts and also a random selection of 360 healthy clients referred to the Blood Transfusion Organization as the control group. Both groups' data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Chi square and the odds ratio was estimated too. Three-hundred ninety nine individuals from nearly 3000 clients referred to the rehabilitation clinic from 2005 to 2008 participated with complete consent in the study. The highest frequency belonged to opium addicts (85.6%) and the most prevalent addiction type pertains to opium consumption via smoke inhalation (58.2%). The probability rate of AB negative blood type compared to other blood types among the addicts was 6.07 fold the control group. There has been an increasing rate of addiction in bam after earthquake and The substance consumption pattern has moved towards more dangerous methods. The high prevalence of AB blood type brings about a lot of presuppositions for geneticists, epidemiologists, hematologists and all majors in basic sciences.

Substance Misuse Patterns and Blood Types of Self-Introduced Addicts to Substance Rehabilitation Centers of Bam City

With regard to the perceptible population, cultural, social andenvironmental changes in the aftermath of the earthquake in Bam City,this study was conducted to pinpoint substance misuse patterns and tofigure out the probable relationship between substance misuse andblood types of the addicts referred to Substance rehabilitation Clinicsfrom 2006 to 2007 in Bam City. In this case-control study, the sample size includes volunteering andself-introduced addicts and also a random selection of 360 healthyclients referred to the Blood Transfusion Organization as the controlgroup. Both groups' data were analyzed using descriptive statistics andChi square and the odds ratio was estimated too. Three-hundred ninety nine individuals from nearly 3000 clients referred tothe rehabilitation clinic from 2005 to 2008 participated with completeconsent in the study. The highest frequency belonged to opium addicts(85.6%) and the most prevalent addiction type pertains to opiumconsumption via smoke inhalation (58.2%). The probability rate of ABnegative blood type compared to other blood types among the addicts was6.07 fold the control group. There has been an increasing rate of addiction in bam after earthquakeand The substance consumption pattern has moved towards moredangerous methods. The high prevalence of AB blood type bringsabout a lot of presuppositions for geneticists, epidemiologists,hematologists and all majors in basic sciences.

The Hunter's Son

THE AWESOME PUPPET COMPANY recently performed its first outing of The Hunter's Son, an adaptation of a West African Hausa dilemma tale, The Tale of a Hunter and his Son,1 as part of a psychotherapy weekend retreat.2 The performance was devised as a blueprint for using puppetry therapeutically in men's work, from which a range of individual and group clinical spin-offs can be rolled out for different male client needs, including father-son relationships; personal-public leadership and social role identities; war trauma; substance abuse and rehabilitation; and other significant therapeutic explorations of restorative and reparative behaviour practice. The project was also a prototype for enlisting student placement work and Paula Andreewitch, final year drama at Bristol University (2009), contributed significantly sharing production, design and execution. As therapeutic puppetry generally remains fairly underutilized, the session afforded a valuable opportunity to explore how the medium might be used as a significant Dramatherapeutic tool with adult populations. Given the audience's positive response to the performance, I thought it would be of some interest to share a few personal reflections on the project.

Tests of a symptom checklist to screen for comorbid psychiatric disorders in alcoholism

In the treatment of substance use disorders, it is advantageous to identify patients with comorbid (nonsubstance) psychiatric disorders because treating comorbid disorders improves outcome. Because accurate psychiatric diagnosis is time-consuming, there is a need for strategies to screen for these comorbid conditions. This study used receiver operating characteristic analysis to investigate a symptom checklist (revised Symptom Checklist 90 [SCL-90-R]) as a screening instrument for comorbid conditions diagnosed using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV in 171 primarily military personnel with alcohol use disorders. Several approaches to applying receiver operating characteristic analysis to this problem are demonstrated. Although these results require replication in other populations, the SCL-90-R performed well in predicting comorbid conditions, with an area under the curve of 0.88 for current and 0.85 for lifetime comorbid diagnoses. Self-report symptom checklists such as the SCL-90-R may be useful in screening substance rehabilitation patients for more detailed psychiatric assessment and may prove clinically useful in the assessment of alcoholic patients.

Patient Management ExerciseforPsychotherapy

Patient Management Exercise<scp>for</scp>P<scp>sychotherapy</scp>

Variations in the rate of infectious diseases in intravenous substance users entering the Detoxification Unit of the Programme for Substance Users' Treatment and Rehabilitation. Implementation of a treatment programme for all patients tested positive for hepatitis B and C

Variations in the rate of infectious diseases in intravenous substance users entering the Detoxification Unit of the Programme for Substance Users' Treatment and Rehabilitation. Implementation of a treatment programme for all patients tested positive for hepatitis B and C

Employment Outcomes for Hard-to-Reach Persons with Chronic and Severe Substance Use Disorders Receiving Assertive Community Treatment

Many persons with chronic and severe substance use disorders (SUDs) enter and exit public substance dependence treatment systems with limited benefit, but continue overuse of high-cost health and human services. Less than a third holds jobs, earning income below U.S. federal poverty levels. Long-term integrated substance dependency treatment, rehabilitation, and support services will be essential to resolve substance dependence and employment problems. This single-group program evaluation reports adaptation of Assertive Community Treatment (ACT), a multi-component, team-based service model originally designed for persons with severe mental illnesses and multiple disabilities, for effectiveness with persons with severe SUDs. The ACT model delivers an integrated package of treatment, rehabilitation, and support to reduce substance misuse and increase employment. Of the 35 clients admitted 12 months prior to conclusion of this 2-year service demonstration, only one left treatment prematurely. Generally, clients modestly reduced substance misuse and increased employment. However, the evaluation design and small sample limit inferences of causation and generalizability of these promising outcomes. Persuading states to adopt expensive team-based approaches for this population will require firm evidence of favorable cost-benefit ratios.

Substance Abuse Intervention, Prevention, Rehabilitation, and Systems Change Strategies. Helping Individuals, Families, and Groups to Empower Themselves

Substance Abuse Intervention, Prevention, Rehabilitation, and Systems Change Strategies. Helping Individuals, Families, and Groups to Empower Themselves

The harm reduction approach revisited

The harm reduction approach has been used in substance abuse prevention, treatment and rehabilitation for three decades. This article re-examines its underlying assumptions, redefines the major concepts and reviews the main features of existing programs in an international perspective. The author finds that harm reduction is pragmatic, incremental, comprehensive, scientific, proactive and accessible. Its effectiveness is supported by empirical studies. Although it is still an alternative approach in some parts of the world, it will soon become an internationally adopted, mainstream approach.

Substance Use, Abuse, Addiction and Rehabilitation

Substance Use, Abuse, Addiction and Rehabilitation