Substances In Fruits Research Articles

Development and Application of a Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry Method for the Analysis of 20 Perfluoroalkyl Substances in Fruit and Vegetables at Sub-Parts-per-Trillion Levels.

In response to the European Food Safety Authority's establishment of a tolerable weekly intake (TWI) for the sum of PFOA, PFNA, PFHxS, and PFOS, a method was developed to quantify and confirm 20 PFASs at the sub-parts-per-trillion level in fruit and vegetables. Improved sensitivity was achieved by (i) increasing the sample intake, (ii) decreasing the solvent volume in the final extract, and (iii) using a highly sensitive mass spectrometer. Except for PFTrDA, target PFASs could be quantitatively determined with an apparent recovery of 90-119%, limits of quantitation down to 0.5 ng/kg, and a relative standard deviation under within-laboratory reproducibility conditions of <28%. The method was successfully applied to 215 fruit and vegetable samples obtained from local grocery stores and markets. Leafy vegetables prove to be the main vegetable category responsible to PFAS exposure, mainly of PFOA, followed by PFHpA and PFHxA.

&lt;i&gt;Dioscoreophyllum cumminsii&lt;/i&gt; (Stapf) Diels., an African underutilised indigenous fruit

Dioscoreophyllum cumminsii commonly known as Serendipity berry is one of the African indigenous fruits that has received poor attention from scientific research and funding even though it is a reservoir of many nutritional and medicinal potentials. In Nigeria, as well as in other African countries, Serendipity berry fruit is known as a tasty sweetening protein fruit. The berries contain a water-soluble and highly sweet protein called “Monellin” or “Serendip” which is one of the sweetest known naturally-occurring substances in fruits of plants. Monellin is up to 3,000 times sweeter than sucrose, with its precursor coming from protein and not carbohydrate as in sucrose. Monellin could be used as a substitute to sugar for diabetics, dieters and for a healthier life style. It has the potential of being utilised in the formulation of food and drugs to enhance the diets of other vulnerable groups. Dioscoreophyllum cumminsii is threatened and could go into extinction if appropriate actions for its propagation, production and conservation are not undertaken immediately. Currently, there is dearth of information on the consumption patterns, cultivation, management, advocacy for its valorisation and sustainable conservation of its genetic resources.

Attitude and Knowledge Towards Fruits and Vegetables Consumption Among Adults in Malaysia

Intake of fruits and vegetables is important for human health because these foods are primary sources of essential nutrients such as fibre, minerals, and vitamins. The presence of many vitamins and other substances in fruits and vegetables provides nutrients to the human body that can prevent major diseases such as noncommunicable diseases (NCDs), including certain types of cancer. However, the majority of Malaysian adults were unconcerned about the importance of fruit and vegetable consumption to their health. A global challenge is adults’ low intake of fruits and vegetables. Therefore, this study is conducted to assess the attitude and knowledge of Malaysian adults toward fruit and vegetable intake. A cross-sectional study was conducted among adults in Malaysia using an online questionnaire. A total of 291 adults were randomly chosen to participate in this study. Based on the attitude findings, more than 40% of the respondents ‘strongly agree’ that they want to consume more vegetables and enjoy eating fruits. Furthermore, more than 40% of respondents "disagree" that eating vegetables can lead to less energy. Knowledge was assessed in the areas of nutrition, protection, and general knowledge. Half of the respondents demonstrated a lack of knowledge about nutrients and protection, including general knowledge. On the mean score of nutrition knowledge of respondents toward fruit and vegetable consumption, there is a significant difference between age groups, with the difference being obvious between the age groups of less than 30 and 30 to 49 years old, as well as 50 and above. Thus, more effort is needed from the government to educate Malaysians on improving and increasing their fruit and vegetable intake. These education programs must consider the trade-off required for families to purchase more fruits and vegetables and consume the recommended number of servings per day.

ALTERNATIVE ECOLOGICE UTILIZATE PENTRU ÎNLOCUIREA PESTICIDELOR DIN POMICULTURĂ

The increase in dependence on synthetic pesticides applied in fruit growing has raised, in recent years, a series of economic and environmental problems. Difficulties associated with contamination of the environment, acute or chronic poisoning for wildlife exposed to chemical compounds, non-selective elimination of beneficial microorganisms present in the soil and on plants, the persistence of substances in fruits and the acquisition of pathogen resistance are just some of the concerns of farmers. Many studies link the severe damage to biodiversity to the widespread use of pesticides, along with other practices implemented in modern intensive agriculture. This paper aims to analyze the impact of the use of pesticides in modern agriculture and present ecological plant-based alternatives that could replace the chemicals frequently used in fruit growing, for a sustainable agriculture.

Biochemical composition of fruit in &lt;i&gt;Actinidia deliciosa&lt;/i&gt; (A. Chev.) C. F. Liang &amp; A. R. Ferguson in the humid subtropics of Russia

The article characterizes a kiwifruit cultivated in the subtropical zone of the Black Sea coast in Krasnodar Krai. Scientists are currently interested in kiwifruits that contain a considerable amount of vitamins, specifically vitamin C. The present study aims to examine the biochemical composition of a kiwifruit having a high nutritional value, as well as vitamins and useful elements necessary for the human body. These studies on the plantings of Actinidia deliciosa have been conducted at the Adler Experiment Station of the Federal Research Center N. I. Vavilov AllRussian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (Krasnodar Krai) since 2017. The growing area is 5×4 m, amounting to ha. The crop is grown in alluvial grassland low-humus soil. The biochemical composition of fruit was analyzed at the Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry of the Subtropical Scientific Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences. The results of biochemical studies (2017–2018) evaluating the fruit of Actinidia delicata are presented. The study included five kiwifruit varieties: ‘Hayward’ (late ripening period), ‘Allison’, ‘Abbott’ (early ripening period), ‘Bruno’, and ‘Monty’ (average ripening period). The maximum sugar amount of 9.67–10.92 % was observed in the fruit of ‘Monty’, ‘Bruno’, ‘Abbott’, and ‘Allison’ varieties, while the minimum amount was found in ‘Hayward’ (7.79 %). In the experiment, the titratable acidity amounted to 0.75–0.82 %. The sugar-acid ratio was found to be within the range of 9.50–14.99 RU. The best varieties in terms of the content of extractive substances in fruits were ‘Abbott’ and ‘Bruno’. A high ascorbic acid content of 148–171 mg/100 g was observed in ‘Hayward’, ‘Abbott’, and ‘Bruno’ varieties, while a low content of 119.50–125.50 mg/100 g was noted in ‘Monty’ and ‘Allison’ as compared to other varieties. The quantitative content of dry matter was found to be within 15.04–16.00 %, which indicates good transportability, storability, and shelf life of kiwifruit as long as the necessary rules are followed.

Influence of natural conditions of southern Dagestan on formation of food substances in fruits of Golden Delises apples

The results of studying the amino acid composition, macroand microelements, vitamins and other food substances in Golden Delicious apples grown in terroirs located at various altitudes above sea level in the south of Dagestan are presented in order to determine cultivation sites with natural conditions contributing to the greatest accumulation of these valuable components in fruits. The elemental composition of apples was studied using flame and atomic absorption photometry, mass concentrations of amino acids by HPLC methods, the content of sugars, titrated acids, pectins and vitamin C – titrimetrically, phenols and vitamin P colorimetrically. It was found that natural factors of the fruit zone located on the plain cause a high concentration of sugars in Golden Delicious apples – 11,3 %, soluble dry substances – 14,9 % and minerals: potassium (135.5 mg%), calcium (19.0 mg%), sodium (25.6 mg%), magnesium (12.6 mg%) and iodine (2.4 μg%), and the climatic conditions of the foothills are favorable for the synthesis of titrated acids (0,51%), vitamins C (6,8 mg %) and P (63,1 mg %), phenolic (362,1 mg %) and pectin substances (0,83 %), as well as iron, zinc and copper. The difference in the formation of minerals in apples, depending on natural conditions and the altitude gradient of the place of growth, was: for potassium – 7,2; sodium – 8,2; calcium – 9,5; magnesium – 9,4; iron – 10,9; copper – 10,2; zinc – 9,3, iodine – 8,3 %. The total amount of amino acids in apples, depending on the culture site, ranged from 683,2 to 696,9 mg/dm3. In fruits from the foothills, the total mass concentrations of replaceable and essential amino acids were 1,3 and 5,9% higher, respectively, than in apples grown on the plain. The results of the study can be taken into account in the rational use of agroecological resources of fruit zones that differ in soil-climatic conditions and altitude gradient, as well as to reveal the biological potential of the Golden Delicious apple variety.

Apple tree selection methods for fruit biochemical composition improving

Apple is the most widespread crop in the world, the fruits of which contain nutrients (sugars) and biologically active substances (ascorbic acid and phenolic compounds) that have a beneficial effect on the human body. One of the priorities in the creation of new apple cultivars is to improve the chemical composition of fruits. Such work is carried out in the Russian Research Institute of Fruit Crop Breeding (VNIISPK). The method of repeated and geographically distant crosses is used. Over the years of breeding work at the Institute, a number of cultivars have been created that surpass previously widely known apple cultivars in terms of the content of nutrients and biologically active substances in fruits. A comparative assessment of new VNIISPK cultivars with old cultivars widely distributed in the middle zone of the Russian Federation is presented in terms of the content of sugars, ascorbic acid and phenolic compounds. The best cultivars have been selected for each studied indicator - by the sugar content (%): Ivanovskoye (11,8), Maslovskoye (10,8), Olimpiyskoye (10,9), Orlik (10,8), Osipovskoye (12,2), Pepin Orlovsky (10,8), Start (10,9), Turgenevskoye (11,4), Yablochny Spas (10,6); by the ascorbic acid content (mg/100 g): Ivanovskoye (19,5), Kulikovskoye (15,3), Maslovskoye (14,6), Nizkorosloye (18,0), Olimpiyskoye (15,4), Svezhest (12,5), Sinap Orlovskoye (13,4), Start (11,0), Yubilar (11,3); by phenolic compounds (mg/100 g): Avgusta (451), Bolotovskoye(477), Zhelannoye (384), Candil Orlovsky (553), Pamyati Khitrovo (480), Pamyat Semakinu (474), Radost Nadezhdy (474), Yubilyar (362), Yablochny Spas (369). It has been established that the new VNIISPK apple cultivars are not inferior, and in some indicators (sugars, phenolic substances) surpass previously widespread cultivars.

Natural Bioactive Substances in Fruits of Aronia melanocarpa (Michx.) Elliott Exposed to Combined Light-Type, Chitosan Oligosaccharide, and Spent Mushroom Residue Treatments.

Greenhouse culture is a practical approach to obtain non-wood forest products from berry fruit at a higher efficacy than resource silviculture in natural understory. In this study, three-year old black chokeberry (Aronia melanocarpa (Michx.) Elliott 1821) seedlings were transplanted to a greenhouse where sunlight was complemented by red- (69.4% red, 30.2% green, 0.4% blue) and blue-color (15.3% red, 64.9% green, 19.8% blue) light-emitting diode (LED) illuminations. Half of the planting soils were amended by spent mushroom residue (SMR) (not amendment as the control) and half the seedlings were sprayed by chitosan oligosaccharide (CO) on leaves. All treatments can increase seedling height, but only blue light reinforces the basal diameter growth. Compared to sunlight, exposure to blue light can promote leaf nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations, superoxide dismutase activity, and fruit proanthocyanidin content. The combination with CO addition will further increase chlorophyl a content, acid phosphatase activity, and total phenolics in fruit. SMR amended can induce the steady state uptake of nutrients but failed to impact fruit quality. Overall, we recommend the combination of blue light LED illumination plus CO addition to culture black chokeberry for the purpose to gain natural bioactive compounds.

Мінеральний склад плодів актинідії (Actinidia arguta) в умовах Північного Степу Причорномор’я

Accumulation of concentrations of micro- and macroelements in Actinidia arguta fruits in the conditions of the Northern Steppe of the Black Sea Coast region is shown. The value of their variability by years of growth and development and the dependence on the genotype was determined, which was the purpose of the study. The objects of the research were three domestic varieties of Actinidia arguta: Kyivska hybridna, Kyivska krupnoplidna, Veresneva and two French selections: Isai and Taxi during three years of cultivation (2020-2022) on the experimental field of LLC "Black Sea Alliance" of Biliaiv district, Odesa region. It was established that the macro- and microelements in actinidia fruits on average over three years are distributed in the following order: K (17.49) &gt; N (9.68) &gt; Zn (8.60) &gt; Ca (3.95) &gt; P ( 3.23) &gt; Cu (2.36) Mg (0.70) &gt; Na (0.66 g/kg of dry matter). The research results indicate a significant influence of growing conditions, soil fertility, and fertilizer application on the level of element content in fruits. The highest concentration of nitrogen – 11.39, calcium – 4.96, phosphorus – 3.81, magnesium – 0.77 and copper – 2.94 g/kg of dry matter is found in the fruits of actinidia of the Veresneva variety, the highest amount of potassium is accumulated in the fruits of the Taxa variety – 20.00 g/kg and zinc – 11.95 mg/kg of dry matter, and their lowest content is in the Isai variety (from 13.08 g/kg to 5.18 mg/kg of dry matter). The most favorable year for the formation of high-quality fruits of the crop was 2022, which indicates the direct dependence of weather conditions on the development of plants. Fruits of all varieties in the experiment accumulated a low amount of sodium, which cannot negatively affect the human body in fresh form. The content of mineral substances in fruits does not depend on their content in the soil. The research results showed the possibility of successful introduction of actinidia in the conditions of the Northern Steppe of the Black Sea Coast. Key words: Actinidia arguta, macro- and microelements, genetic variability.

Физиологические аспекты созревания и продления срока хранения сочных плодов

This review discusses the physiological aspects of the ripening of juicy fruits in relation to the problem of extending the shelf life of horticultural products. The achievements of molecular biology in the field of genetic regulation of plant quality formation processes are used. Particular attention is paid to the hormonal regulation of the accumulation of nutrients and biologically active substances in fruits. The role of ARF/IAA and DELLA receptor proteins in the interaction of auxin and GA signalling pathways during the growth of tomato, strawberry, and grape fruits is demonstrated. The involvement of DELLA proteins in integrating the function of other phytohormones – cytokinin, ethylene, abscisic acid, brassinosteroids and jasmonic acid – is noted. Evidence is presented for the interaction of cytokinin with auxin and GA in the regulation of early development and fruit size. The combination of transcription factors and epigenetic modifications during fruit development and senescence is considered. The involvement of mechanisms of senescence and loss of fruit shelf life in the absence of external signs is shown. The ripening characteristics of climacteric and nonclimacteric fruits are considered. One of the key regulators of the ripening process in both climacteric and non-climacteric fruits is the MADS domain transcription factor RIPENING INHIBITOR (RIN). The regulation of non-climacteric fruit ripening is reviewed using grape and strawberry as examples. Special attention is paid to growth processes, water exchange, photosynthesis, primary and secondary metabolism of developing and ripening fruits. The formation of integuments and cell walls as a structural basis for the physical properties of products is considered. Promising methods of using regulators of vital processes in the post-harvest period to slow down the fruit senescence are given. Increased knowledge of genetic, hormonal and metabolic networks opens up broad prospects for improving and maintaining the quality of fleshy horticultural products.

Source material creation for high content of dry soluble substances F&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt; cherry tomato hybrids breeding

Relevance. Consumer demand development of exotic colors presence in modern tomato hybrids requires a timely response from domestic breeders for creating highly effective hybrids. With regard to cherry tomatoes, special attention of breeders is aimed at achieving excellent taste in new hybrids. One of the indicators is the "content of dry soluble substances in fruits". However, there is no information in the literature about the variation of this trait within different color groups of cherry tomatoes. The aim of our work was the creation of initial material for the selection of F1 cherry tomato hybrids with a high content of dry soluble substances.Materials and methods. All measurements were obtained by the refractometric method and presented in the oBrix scale. The study examined 46 F2 splitting cherry tomato populations, including 17 red, 12 yellow, 7 pink, 8 brown, and 2 purple. Analyzing the obtained data, the following statistical indicators were made: the frequency of occurrence of the variant; arithmetic mean; dispersion; the coefficient of variation; sample mean error. Relative error was used to test the sample results obtained.Results. The coefficients of variation of the trait «content of dry soluble substances in fruits» were calculated in each of the five color groups of cherry tomatoes (from 17.43% for brown-fruited to 25.13% for red-fruited). The boundaries of variability and average values of the content of dry soluble substances were determined both within the groups (from 7.2 oBr in pink-fruited to 8.8 oBr in yellow-fruited ones), and for each studied breeding sample. The practical result of the work was selection of the most promising breeding material within different color groups of cherry tomato, combining high values of dry matter with a complex of economically valuable traits.

Exogenous melatonin treatment affects ascorbic acid metabolism in postharvest 'Jinyan' kiwifruit.

Ascorbic acid (AsA) is an important nutritious substance in fruits, and it also can maintain the biological activity of fruits during storage. This research investigated the effect of exogenous melatonin (MT) on AsA metabolism in postharvest kiwifruit. Our results indicated that exogenous MT delayed the decrease of fruit firmness and titratable acid (TA), inhibited the increase of soluble solids content (SSC), reduced the respiration rate and ethylene production, and maintained a higher AsA content in kiwifruit during storage. The high expression of L-galactose pathway key genes in the early storage and regeneration genes in the later storage maintained the AsA content in postharvest kiwifruit. MT treatment enhanced the expression levels of AsA biosynthesis (AcGME2, AcGalDH, and AcGalLDH) and regeneration (AcGR, AcDHAR, and AcMDHAR1) genes. Meanwhile, the expression of the degradation gene AcAO was inhibited in MT-treated kiwifruits.

(E)-2-Hexenal-based coating induced acquired resistance in apple and its antifungal effects against Penicillium expansum

(E)-2-Hexenal is one of the most prevalent and abundant volatile substances in fruits. Many researchers have attempted fumigation with (E)-2-hexenal to control fungal diseases with poor or no results; the key is the inability to maintain an effective concentration for a long time. Therefore, a new starch-based antifungal coating with (E)-2-hexenal microcapsules was prepared. The obtained results showed that the microcapsule embedding rate reached 78.95% by orthogonal optimization experiments and that the (E)-2-hexenal-based coating was effective at reducing the lesion diameter of apple fruit during storage at 25 °C after Penicillium expansum infection, and in other fruits; it also achieved a good antifungal effect. Moreover, the activities of the main defense-related enzymes and the expression of key genes involved in the salicylic acid (SA) signaling pathway, such as CHI, GLU, PAL, NPR1, and PR1, were enhanced by (E)-2-hexenal-based coating treatment. These findings suggest that the (E)-2-hexenal-based coating has the dual effect of direct antifungal and induction of apple system resistance. E2H-based coating is a promising approach to control postharvest Penicillium expansum in fruit.

Nutritional Value of Introduced Cherry Varieties in Conditions of Foothill Fruit Zone of Dagestan

Introduction. Given the increasing requirements of consumers for the quality of fruits, and food enterprises for processed raw materials, the search for varieties of garden crops with a rich supply of food substances in fruits remains an urgent problem. Cherries ( Prunus avium L .) are one of the most popular fruit plants in many countries of the world. Purpose of the article is to assess the nutritional value of the fruits of 12 introduced varieties of cherries grown in the agroecological conditions of the foothill fruit zone of Dagestan is given in order to identify among them varieties that differ in their greatest ability to accumulate soluble dry substances, sugars, tar acids and vitamin C. Materials and methods . The composition and content of these food substances in cherries were studied by conventional analysis methods. The identified differences in the biochemical composition of the studied fruits, depending mainly on the variety, made it possible to assess their nutritional value and functional orientation. The varieties Valery Chkalov, Hebros, Lambert Compact and Merton Bigarro were distinguished by a high concentration of soluble dry substances (14.5-15.2%). Results and conclusion. The best saccharinity (11.82-12.81%) was determined in varieties - Merton Bigarro, Sofiiska Hrushalka, Lambert Compact and Hebros. Hudson, Kosmicheskaya and Hebros varieties distinguished themselves with a good ability to synthesize titrated acids (0.85-0.90%). In the varieties Lambert Compact, Sofiiska Hrushalka, Hudson and Hebros, significant mass concentrations of vitamin C (8.38-8.84 mg%) were determined. The fruits of all studied varieties of cherries can be considered food of functional orientation, since their consumption in the amount of 250 g satisfies the daily human need for vitamin C by 16.5 (Kosmicheskaya variety) - 22.1% (Hebros variety). Among the cherry varieties studied, among the most promising, distinguished by the best ability to accumulate natural nutrients, are Hudson, Lambert Compact, Sofiiska Hrushalka and Hebros. They can be recommended for further successful use in production and selection work in order to optimize the industrial variety of cherries and solve the problem of import substitution of providing the country's population with high-quality fruits.

Extraction and Matrix Cleanup Method for Analyzing Novel Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Ether Acids and Other Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in Fruits and Vegetables.

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl ether acids (PFEAs) are a subclass of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) that are detected with increasing frequency in environmental matrices. Diet can be an important route of PFEA exposure, but the presence of PFEAs in food is poorly understood. Extraction methods for food samples exist for traditionally studied PFAS, but their suitability for PFEAs and other novel PFAS remains unknown. In this study, an extraction and matrix cleanup method was developed to quantify 45 PFAS, including 13 PFEAs, 3 perfluoroalkane sulfonamides, and 6 fluorotelomer carboxylic acids in 10 types of fruits and vegetables. Homogenized samples were extracted with basic methanol, and resulting extracts were diluted with water and cleaned up using solid-phase extraction with weak anion-exchange cartridges. The method was validated by performing spike-recovery experiments at spike levels of 1 ng/g in all 10 matrices and 0.1 ng/g in 2 matrices. For PFAS without a corresponding isotopically labeled internal standard (IS), adopting an IS with a similar chromatographic retention time generated the most accurate recoveries. Dependent upon the matrix, recoveries of 38-44 PFAS (including 10-13 PFEAs) fell within 50-150% for samples spiked at 1 ng/g. Recoveries of 40 and 38 PFAS in blueberries and corn, respectively, fell within 50-150% for samples spiked at 0.1 ng/g. Method quantification limits (MQLs) of PFAS in pure solvents were determined as the lowest calibration level with an accuracy between 70 and 130%. To compensate for matrix effects, a matrix factor was applied on the basis of the analyte response in different matrices relative to the pure solvent. The MQLs of 45 PFAS (including 13 PFEAs) in 10 matrices ranged from 0.025 to 0.25 ng/g. Overall, this method is capable of sensitively quantifying 45 PFAS in many fruits and vegetables.

Content of biologically active substances in fruits of certain varieties and forms of figs from the collection of the Nikitsk Botanical Garden

Content of biologically active substances in fruits of certain varieties and forms of figs from the collection of the Nikitsk Botanical Garden

Study of the Content of Antioxidant Substances in Fruit and Vegetable Raw Materials of the Samara Region

Fruit, berry and vegetable raw materials are an irreplaceable item in human nutrition. At this stage in the development of world breeding, not only the organoleptic characteristics of plants, but also their chemical composition, come to the fore. In connection with the growing interest in the effect of antioxidants on human health, breeders are increasingly turning their attention to the study of their comparative content in fruit, berry and vegetable raw materials. The results of a study of the influence of the grade of plant raw materials on the accumulation of substances exhibiting antioxidant activity (phenols, flavonoids, carotenoids) are presented. Popular vegetables and fruits cultivated and growing wild in the Samara region were selected as objects of research. The aim of the study is to obtain new information on the influence of such factors as the type and variety of fruit, berry and vegetable raw materials on substances with antioxidant activity (phenols, flavonoids, carotenoids). In the extracts of the analyzed samples, the total content of phenolic substances was determined by the method using the Folin-Ciocalteu reagent, flavonoids by the method based on the formation of a flavonoid-aluminum complex. The carotene content was determined according to GOST 8756.22-80 using acetone and hexane as extractants. The results of the study showed that the type and variety of plant raw materials are factors that directly affect the accumulation of the studied substances. To a greater extent, the results obtained relate to varieties of sweet peppers, fresh food pumpkin, rose hips. Significant variation in carotene content was recorded in pumpkin samples: from 1.20 to 4.90 mg%. Among the objects of research, it is recommended to use the fruits of the wild rose as a source of phenolic substances and carotenoids for the food and pharmaceutical industries. The work was carried out within the framework of the state assignment for fundamental research of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Samara State Technical University» No. 0778-2020-0005.

Investigation of interrelations in chemical substances content of different fruit varieties

The main task of the investigation was to study the interrelations and to single out the sustainable clusters which reflect the content of different chemical substances in fruit, but have a tendency of slight correlation between each other. All these should become a base for definition of combination of fruits and berries containing a balanced set of useful compounds. It will help to make a composition of special food production. More than 170 fruit varieties of 13 fruit and berry like crops (apple, pear, apricot, plum, cherry, strawberry, black currant, red currant, viburnum, sea-buckhorn, honeysuckle) were studied for chemical indices content in their fruits and berries. The composition of chemical substances was chosen takng into account the specific features of all the investigated crops (dietary fiber, ascorbic acid, malic acid, citric acid, glucose, fructose, sucrose, Na, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Cu, Zn). In order to study the correlation of the substances in the content, the principal component analysis was applied. As a result of the research, five clusters of the interrelated characters were singled out, these ones were linked to the first 5 the most important principal components. These components account for 78.23% of total variability of traits. The first component which accounts for 25.46% of total variability of traits is closely correlated with dietary fiber and organic acids content. The second component which accounts for 18.20% of total variability is closely connected with Ca, Fe, Zn content. The third component is correlated with Na, K, fructose and glucose contents.

Content of biologically active substances in fruits of hybrid peaches included in breeding pool of the Nikita Botanical Gardens

ISHS VIII International Scientific and Practical Conference on Biotechnology as an Instrument for Plant Biodiversity Conservation (Physiological, Biochemical, Embryological, Genetic and Legal Aspects) Content of biologically active substances in fruits of hybrid peaches included in breeding pool of the Nikita Botanical Gardens

Биологически активные вещества Vitis amurensis Rupr. для профилактики преждевременного старения

Introduction. Population aging is a medical and social problem that receives special attention from the governments of developed and developing countries. The research objective was to assess the content of biologically active substances in fruits and leaves of Vitis amurensis Rupr. harvested in the Amur Region. The authors analyzed the phenolic profile, anti-radical potential, and the possibility of their complex processing for further use in functional foods. Study objects and methods. The author reviewed ten years of domestic and foreign publications, standards, and legislative documents. The research featured leaves and fruits of Vitis amurensis Rupr., collected in various areas of the Amur Region. The composition of biologically active substances was analyzed using potentiometric, titrimetric, colorimetric, and photocolorimetric methods, as well as the method of X-ray fluorescence analysis. Results and discussion. The sugar content in fruits of Vitis amurensis Rupr. was 11.97%, in leaves – 1.14%. In the fruits, the maximum calcium content was 62.57 ± 0.01 mg/100 g. Potassium content was the highest in the leaves (0.105 ± 0.004 mg/100 g). Caftaric acid had the largest content in leaves and fruits: 4.97 ± 0.01 and 125.69 ± 0.32 mg/kg, respectively. The highest content of resveratrol was found in fruits (148.16 ± 1.40 mg/kg), while in leaves it was only 9.87 ± 0.61 mg/kg. Likewise, fruits demonstrated the maximum content of flavonols: quercetin – 136.21 ± 5.60 mg/kg, kaempferol – 1.19 ± 0.01 mg/kg. Conclusion. Vitis amurensis Rupr. is a promising source of bioactive compounds. Due to its comprehensive phytochemical assessment, it can find wider application in nutritive sciences, cosmetic industry, and food combinatorics. Fruits and leaves of Vitis amurensis Rupr. proved to possess a high antioxidant activity due to polyphenols, resveratrol, B vitamins, and vitamin C.