Subspecies Research Articles

ZUR KENNTNIS DER MALACODERMATA (COL.) ISRAELS

ABSTRACT A number of species belonging to the Fam. Cantharidae and Malachiidae (Col.), are reported which are partly new to science or were not reported from Israel until now Four species of Malthodes (Cantharidae), and two species and a subspecies of Malachiidae are described as new. A key of the species of Malthodes from Israel, is given.

A NEW SPECIES OF PHALLODRILUS AND RECORDS OF TWO OTHER MARINE TUBIFICIDAE (OLIGOCHAETA) FROM THE MEDITERRANEAN COAST OF ISRAEL

ABSTRACT Three tubificid species, Phallodrilus duplex n.sp., Bathydrilus adriaticus (Hrabě) and Limnodribides agnes Hrabě, are reported from an intertidal vermetid reef in the eastern Mediterranean. The new species is distinguished from its congeners by some setal features: its somatic setae are arranged in bisetal bundles throughout the body, and its penial setae (3 per bundle) are obliquely directed towards the anterior of the worm. It is proposed that Limnodriloides virginiae Erseus, originally established as a subspecies of L. agnes, be regarded as a separate species.

Taxonomic revision of genus Hordeum L. (Gramineae) in Egypt

This study was conducted to revise the taxonomic identity and clarify inter- and intra-specific relationships among the studied wild and cultivated Hordeum taxa in Egypt. The studied taxa includedHordeum marinum subsp. gussoneanum, H. marinum subsp. marinum, H. Hordeum leporinum,Hordeum glaucum, Hordeum spontaneum and Hordeum vulgare. The results revealed that unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA) dendrogram showed a considerable degree of dissimilarity among the studied Hordeum taxa at 1.50 dissimilarity distance. It divided the studied taxa into four groups at 1.33. Group 1 included H. marinum subsp. gussoneanum and H. marinum subsp.marinum. Group 2 included H. leporinum. Group 3 included H. glaucum. Group 4 included H.spontaneum and H. vulgare which is related to the other groups (1, 2, and 3). Moreover, by using UPGMA dendrogram, H. leporinum and H. glaucum are located in transitional position between H. marinum and both of H. vulgare and H. spontaneum forming a transitional step between the taxa of Group 1 and 4. This work provided a taxonomic key and separated the two subspecies of H. murinuminto different species namely H. glaucum and H. leporinum. Moreover, the morphological similarities among Hordeum taxa have been proved. Key words: Taxonomy, Hordeum marinum, Hordeum leporinum, Hordeum glaucum, Hordeum spontaneum, Hordeum vulgare, unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA)dendrogram, Egypt.

GERBIL RECORD FROM TURKEY: GERBILLUS (HENDECAPLEURA) DASYURUS (WAGNER, 1842) (RODENTIA: GERBILLINAE)

The morphology, biometry, and karyology of 33 specimens of Gerbillus from Kilis (Turkey) were examined. It was determined that the specimens were not different from the nominative Gerbillus dasyurus. Gerbillus dasyurus leosollicitus and Gerbillus dasyurus palmyrae are the nearest geographical subspecies.

THE NOEMACHEILINE LOACHES FROM ISRAEL (PISCES: COBITIDAE: NOEMACHEILINAE)

ABSTRACT The Noemacheilinae of Israel are revised and placed in two genera: Orthrias Jordan & Fowler (until now considered a synonym of Noemacheilus) and Nun, a new genus. The most common species in Israel is O. jordanicus, raised here to species status, and distinct from both O. angorae and O. insignis. Its geographical variation is analyzed; no subspecies are recognized. Sexual dimorphism is recorded for the first time in O. panthera and O. tigris. Three new species are described: O. dori, from the Bet She'an Valley, differing from O. jordanicus in having a much deeper body, an elevation at the nape and different colour pattern; O. pantheroides, from the Golan Heights, differing from O. panthera in having a more slender body, forked caudal fin and straight dorsal fin; O. israeliticus, from the Bet She'an Valley and Upper Galilee, differing from O. panthera and O. pantheroides in having an almost complete lateral line and a moderately developed dorsal keel on the caudal peduncle, and in colour pattern. T...

TWELVE GENERA OF ORB-WEAVER SPIDERS (ARANEAE, ARANEIDAE) FROM ISRAEL

ABSTRACT Rare orb-weaver spiders of the genera Cyrtarachne and Glyptogona from Israel are described. The local Cyclosa species with their peculiar distribution are discussed along with the infrequently encountered Cyrtophora species. In addition, the occasionally common species of the often confounded Araneinae genera Araneus, Aculepeira, Gibbaranea, Agalenatea, Neoscona, Pararaneus, and Larinioides are reviewed. The nomenclature of Larinioides suspicax is also addressed. Four sizeable Argiope species, some formerly unknown from Israel, are described. The following new synonyms are recognized: Aranea lunulifera Reimoser, 1938 = Pararaneus spectator (Karsch, 1886); Epeira perplicata O.P.-Cambridge, 1872 = Neoscona subfusca (C. L. Koch, 1837), and Araneus cornutus orientalis Fage, 1921 = Larinioides suspicax (O.P.-Cambridge, 1876). The validity of the subspecies Araneus armida canescens Simon, 1908, is rejected, and Epeira modesta Simon, 1890, is newly transferred to Neoscona. Two new species are described:...

A NEW SUBSPECIES OF CARYEDON (COLEOPTERA: BRUCHIDAE) FROM THE MIDDLE EAST

ABSTRACT The new subspecies Caryedon serratus (Ol.) subsp. palaestinicus is described and compared with the typical form. A new host plant, Prosopis farcia, for the genus Caryedon is recorded.

MOLECULAR DNA VARIATION IN SALAMANDRA SALAMANDRA INFRAIMMACULATA FROM DIFFERENT HABITATS

ABSTRACT Adults of Ihe subspecies Salamandra salamandra infraimmaculata were collected in Tel Dan, Mt. Meron (central Galilee), and Mt. Carmel, the southern limits of its distribution. Their lengths and weights were measured. Molecular DNA variation between and within the populations was studied by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and randomly amplified polymorphic DNA. Nineteen primers were examined, and seven were found suitable for the (RAPD) PCR reaction. Salamanders from semiarid habitats were significantly larger than those from a humid habitat. One to three bands that were found in salamanders from the semiarid habitats were absent from those from the humid habitat. Genetic variation was found between the two habitat types, but not between the two populations from the semiarid habitats. Band sharing between salamanders from semiarid habitats was 94%, whereas that between habitat types was significantly lower (85–86%).

RELATIONSHIPS AND EVOLUTION IN THE DAUCUS CAROTA COMPLEX

ABSTRACT The various theories regarding the origin of cultivated carrots are reviewed. While the evidence for the origin in southwest Asia of the “eastern” carrot with anthocyanin root pigmentation is convincing, there is still uncertainty as to the mode and place of origin of the “western” carotene carrot. Daucus maximus Desf., frequently mentioned in connection with the origin of the eastern carrot, is shown to have been consistently misidentified with D. carota subsp. azoricus Franco, which does not appear to have been involved in the evolution of the carotene carrot. It is postulated that the western carotene carrot was selected from a gene pool involving cultivated yellow-rooted “eastern” carrots, cultivated white-rooted derivatives of D. carota subsp. carota grown since classical times and wild unselected populations of adjacent D. carota subspecies. The role of the umbel, sex distribution and protandry in the reproductive biology and evolutionary trends in Daucus is discussed.

ASSESSMENT OF GENETIC VARIABILITY OF PREVALENT PECTINOLYTIC BACTERIA CAUSING POTATO TUBER SOFT ROT IN EASTERN IRAN

Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum (Pcc) is the causal agent of soft rot of potato tubers. This study was conducted to assess the genetic variation of a collection of 32 Pcc isolates from three different potato cultivars grown in the eastern parts of Iran using subspecies-specific PCR, 16S rDNA sequencing and rep-PCR analyses and comparing these methods with each other. In initial experiments, the identity of isolates was confirmed by specific primers related to Pcc subspecies and differentiated from closely species (P. wasabiae) using restriction enzyme analysis. All isolates were also checked for phenotypic properties and pathogenicity on potato tubers. Phylogenetic analysis, using clustering methods on partial sequences of the 16S rDNA, showed that all Iranian isolates grouped with the Pcc type strain (ATCC1571) except for six isolates from Kashmar. Based on rep- PCR cluster analysis of the pairwise similarity values using UPGMA, bacterial isolates could be separated into three clusters, the third of which (Kashmar isolates) was allocated in a distinct group. The similarity coefficients among strains ranged from 0.2 to 1. Rep-PCR primers disclosed different levels of genetic heterogeneity among Pcc isolates. No clear association was found between clustering based on rep-PCR and the geographical origin of the isolates, original host plant cultivars and the year of collection.

Diversity and abundance of Small Mammals in Giritale Nature Reserve

The composition of small mammal communities in forest, shrub land, grassland and anthropogenic habitats of the Giritale Nature Reserve of north central Sri Lanka was studied from June 2006 to August 2007 to estimate the abundance and diversity of small mammals inhabiting this nature reserve. Live trapping using Sherman traps and Pitfall traps were adopted to catch the small mammals. A total of 71 individuals representing two orders (Insectivora and Rodentia) and three families (Soricidae, Muridae, Scuridae) was captured. Species recorded included Suncus murinus murinus Linnaeus, 1766 (Common Indian Musk Shrew), Mus cervicolor fulvidiventris Blyth, 1852 (Ceylon Field Mouse), Mus mus culuscastaneus Waterhouse, 1843 (Indian Field Mouse), Mus fernandoni Phillips, 1932 (Ceylon Spiny Mouse), Rattus blanfordi Thomas, 1881 (White Tailed Rat), Funambulus palmarum Linnaeus, 1766 (Indian Palm Squirrel) and Rattus rattus. The species Rattus rattus consisted of two subspecies Rattus attusrattus Linnaeus, 1758 (Common House Rat) and Rattus rattus rufescens Gray, 1837 (Indian House Rat). Highest and lowest abundances were recorded in the grasslands (0.08) and shrub lands(0.01), respectively. Highest diversity index was recorded in anthropogenic habitats (1.62), which included paddy fields, home gardens and buildings, while lowest diversity index was recorded in shrub lands (0.67). The number of small mammals captured was significantly different in the four habitat types (χ2 = 22.69, df = 3, p<0.05). This study, which is the first detailed examination of terrestrial small mammals in a dry zone forest of Sri Lanka, indicated that the Giritale Nature Reserve is home to six species of small mammals. Key words: Abundance, Diversity, Evenness, Nature reserve, Small mammals

Composition of subspecies, head spot types and genetic types of charr distributed in the Hino River, Japan

鳥取県日野川水系におけるイワナ属魚類について，ゴギとニッコウイワナ，頭部斑紋型，遺伝子型の組成を調べた。計19の支流から38個体のサンプルが採集され，支流はその発する山塊ごとにグループ化された。ニッコウイワナは水系東部の大山・二子・花見山塊から発する支流に分布したが西部5山塊からの支流には分布せず，対照的にゴギは水系西部の鬼林・道後・三国・船通・鷹入山塊に分布したが東部3山塊には分布しなかった。斑紋型では東部3山塊ではＣ・Ｅ・Ｆ・Ｇ・Ｈは記録されたがＡ・Ｂ・Ｄ型は記録されなかった。一方，西部5山塊ではすべての型が記録された。遺伝子型では6および9つのハプロタイプがそれぞれニッコウイワナおよびゴギ特異的であり，1タイプのみ共通であった。デンドログラムではニッコウイワナおよびゴギそれぞれ5および6つのハプロタイプで構成される亜種特異的なクレードが見られたが，もう一つのクレードは両亜種で形成された。これらの結果は，日野川における両亜種の混棲，ゴギの複数起源性，地形変動等による分布拡大，さらに斑紋の易変異性を示唆する。

A new species and a new subspecies of Salvia (Lamiaceae) from Jalisco and Michoacán, Mexico

A new species and a new subspecies of Salvia, Salvia vazquezii and Salvia vazquezii subsp. tancitaroensis, from the Jalisco-Colima border and Michoacan, Mexico, respectively, are segregated from the S. gravida complex. They are descri- bed, illustrated and compared. A key to the three taxa and a translated and expanded circumscription of S. gravida are provided.

Short communication: Recovery of viable Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis from retail pasteurized whole milk in Brazil

Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis (MAP) is the etiological agent of paratuberculosis, a chronic granulomatous enteritis that affects all ruminants worldwide. Some researchers have indicated a possible role of MAP in Crohn's disease. Despite extensive research and large and important advances in the past few decades, the etiology of Crohn's disease remains indefinite. The most probable transmission route of MAP from animals to humans is milk and dairy products. Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis has already been detected in milk samples worldwide, and some studies have reported that MAP is resistant to pasteurization. In Brazil, MAP has been reported in raw milk samples; however, Brazilian retail pasteurized milk has not yet been tested for viable MAP. The aim of this study was to investigate MAP in pasteurized milk in the region of Viçosa (Minas Gerais, Brazil). Thirty-seven samples were collected and processed for culture of MAP. One colony similar to MAP was observed and confirmed by IS900-nested PCR and sequencing. Analysis revealed 97 to 99% identity with the MAP K-10 strain. This study is the first report of the presence of MAP in retail pasteurized whole milk in Brazil.

Surgical treatment of infectious endophthalmitis

Objective To study the etiology,pathogen,treatment and prognosis of infectious endophthalmitis.Methods 12 cases (12 eyes) with infectious endophthalmitis were retrospectively studied.Data collected including gender,age,physical injury,etiology,treatment and results were analyzed.Restlts In 12 patients,1 case underwent enucleation,1 case progressed to eyeball atrophy after conservative treatment,10 cases underwent vitrectomy surgery.Among patients underwent vitrectomy surgery,1 case of huge introcular foreign body was not removed and gradually progressed to eyeball atrophy during follow-up,1 case of fungal endophthalmitis relapsed during follow-up and gradually progressed to eyeball atrophy.The remaining 8 cases were retained the eye,and the corrected visual acuity ranged from light perception to 0.3.One case was detected subspecies of staphylococcus schleiferi from purulent vitreous culture,2 cases were detected aspergillus,7 ocular fluid samples showed negative growth on culture,2 cases did not send vitreous culture pus.Conclusion For patients confirmed or with highly suspected endophthalmaitis without relief under introvitreal injection of drugs and systematic antibiotics application,timely vitrectomy may be suitable to retain the eyeball and save part of vision. Key words: Endophthalmitis, infectious; Foreign body, intraocular; Vitrectomy; Prognosis.

The Acentropinae (Lepidoptera: Pyraloidea: Crambidae) of Africa

The species of Acentropinae recorded from Africa are listed and described with illustrations of the adults and genitalia.Ten new synonymies are established. The following species are described new to science: Parapoynx zambiensis,Argyrophorodes angolensis, A. suttoni, Elophila acornutus, E. ealensis, E. minima, Nymphicula hexaxantha, Eoophylabelladotae, E. cameroonensis, E. carcassoni, E. citrialis, E. dentisigna, E. euprepialis, E. grandifuscalis, E. interopalis,E.kingstoni, E. piscatorum, E. platyxantha, E. principensis, E. ruwenzoriensis, E. stepheni, E. tanzanica. E. nyasalis kenyalis is described as a new subspecies.

IDENTIFICATION OF RICE MUTANTS (Oryza sativa L.) FOR AGRONOMICAL AND ROOT SYSTEM TRAITS

Mutation techniques are very important tools to study genetic variability, function, action and regulation of genes. Moreover, in plant breeding the root system is traditionally selected in an indirect way. In this paper we propose the use of mutation techniques to directly select mutants affecting root morphophysiological traits for future mapping and cloning of the genes involved. After preliminary tests to identify the best radiation dose, 2,500 and 3,500 seeds from cultivar Taim, indica sub species, were irradiated with doses 200 Gy and 250 Gy, respectively, and grown in a protected area. After harvesting, M2 seeds were dried, stored and plantlets were evaluated in hydroponic culture, aiming to identify potential root mutants. The dose of 200 Gy seems to be associated with increases in number of seminal roots. From 9,737 seeds evaluated we selected 623 putatively root mutants. Moreover, we selected plants with high and low number of seminal roots. Which can be important to evaluate the root effect on plant establishment. The root mutants described will be available to the scientific community through the rice mutation club / FAO / IAEA after their proper confirmation and characterization.

Las larvas del género &lt;i&gt;Idaea&lt;/i&gt; Treitschke, 1825 (Insecta, Lepidoptera, Geometridae): Nuevos datos sobre su morfología y biología

The biology and larval chaetotaxy of six species or subspecies were studied in the genus Idaea Treitschke, 1825 through an analysis of the larvae or the larval exuviae of I. sericeata calvaria Wehrli, 1927, I. ochrata albida (Zerny, 1936), I. incisaria (Staudinger, 1892), I. bigladiata Herbulot, 1975, I. cervantaria (Milliere, 1869) and I. degeneraria (Hubner, 1799), whilst larval biological data was provided on another six species: I. ochrata (Scopoli, 1763), I. macilentaria (Herrich-Schaffer, 1847), I. mancipiata (Staudinger, 1871), I. contiguaria (Hubner, 1799), I. aversata (Linne, 1758) and I. deversaria (Herrich-Schaffer, 1847).

Application of broad-spectrum PCR amplification and direct sequencing for identification of the infrequent bacterial cultures from clinical sources, targeting the bacterial 16S rRNA gene with universal primes

Objectives To identify the infrequent strains in clinical isolates by broad-spectrum PCR amplification and direct sequencing targeting the bacterial 16S rRNA gene. Methods Total 48 clinical isolates and 7 false-positive blood culture samples were collected from 7 different hospitals or institutions from December 2010 to September 2011.The bacterial 16S rRNA gene were amplified and sequenced by universal prime sets of 27f-1492r and 27f-1525r，and MicroSeq 500 16S rRNA gene kit.The homology analysis was used by the Basic Local Alignment Search Tool, and comparing to gene sequence of the type strain.provided by the List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature.The criteria for the bacterial identification was interpreted according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute （CLSI） MM18-A. Results All of the 48 cultured strains were succeeded amplifying and sequencing the targeted 16S rRNA genes.According to the criteria of CLSI MM18-A, total 35 strains were specified to the species level, 11 strains were specified to the genus level, and the other 2 strains were specified to possible novel genus and species.Combining the analysis the sequence of other housekeeping gene with the results of biochemical results, total 42 strains can be specified to the species level, including some clinical important pathogens, such as Streptobacillus, Capnocytophaga, Nocardia, Mycobacterium, Roseomonas and Campylobacter.Two false-positive blood culture samples were managed to amplify 16S rRNA genes and finally identified as Streptococcus pneumoniae.We also identified one novel subspecies of Campylobacter fetus, and some new valid-published species, such as Acinetobacter parvus,Mycobacterium phocaicum,Roseomonas mucosa and Halomonas johnsoniae. Conclusions The 16S rRNA gene sequence based identification has unique advantages over the phenotypic methods.It is universal to almost of all the bacteria, and can provide the genetic classified information. It is very suitable for the clinical infrequent and special bacterial cultures, such as the slow-growing, fastidious, or un-cultured bacteria.（Chin J Lab Med,2012,35:612-619） Key words: RNA，ribosomal，16S; Polymerase chain reaction; Sequence analysis; Bacteriological techniques

Révision du groupe de l'Aloe divaricateBerger; correction d'une synonymie, combinaisons nouvelles et description d'un nouvel hybride

ABSTRACT Revision of the Aloe divaricata Berger group; correction of a synonymy, new combinations and description of a new hybrid. A revision of the Aloe divaricata Berger group which currently contains three species (with A.deinacantha T.A.McCoy, Rakouth & Lavranos and A. tulearensis T.A.McCoy & Lavranos) is achieved here. The synonymy between A. deinacantha and A. divaricata is shown up, we propose the new combination A. divaricata subsp. tulearensis comb, nov., stat. nov. and rehabilitate the species A. vaotsohy Decorse & Poisson as a subspecies of A. divaricata. At last, the hybrid A. divaricata subsp. vaotsohy x A. helenae Danguy is described here under the name x A. anosyana J.-P. Castillon, hybr. nov.