Subsequent Volumes Research Articles

Dramatische ‹mise en page› in Handschrift und Druck

Abstract The paper compares the typography of the first edition of Goethe’s collected writings 1787–1790 with the layout (‹mise en page›) of the manuscript copies from which the print was set. It tries to establish the textual authority of particular typographic devices for print dramas such as the indications of scenes, stage directions, and speech prefixes by tracing their relation to the manuscript setting copies and their development in subsequent volumes of the print edition, but especially for the tragedy Torquato Tasso. It turns out that print typography is sensitive to the manuscript record but shows substantial tendencies to introducing additional typographic hierarchy, thereby underlining outward form, i. e. external characteristics of classicist drama. Later editions published during Goethe’s lifetime seem to go much further in this direction. The consequences for the typographic setup in critical editions of Goethe’s dramas are discussed.

Enhanced registration of ultrasound volumes by segmentation of resection cavity in neurosurgical procedures

PurposeNeurosurgeons can have a better understanding of surgical procedures by comparing ultrasound images obtained at different phases of the tumor resection. However, establishing a direct mapping between subsequent acquisitions is challenging due to the anatomical changes happening during surgery. We propose here a method to improve the registration of ultrasound volumes, by excluding the resection cavity from the registration process.MethodsThe first step of our approach includes the automatic segmentation of the resection cavities in ultrasound volumes, acquired during and after resection. We used a convolution neural network inspired by the 3D U-Net. Then, subsequent ultrasound volumes are registered by excluding the contribution of resection cavity.ResultsRegarding the segmentation of the resection cavity, the proposed method achieved a mean DICE index of 0.84 on 27 volumes. Concerning the registration of the subsequent ultrasound acquisitions, we reduced the mTRE of the volumes acquired before and during resection from 3.49 to 1.22 mm. For the set of volumes acquired before and after removal, the mTRE improved from 3.55 to 1.21 mm.ConclusionsWe proposed an innovative registration algorithm to compensate the brain shift affecting ultrasound volumes obtained at subsequent phases of neurosurgical procedures. To the best of our knowledge, our method is the first to exclude automatically segmented resection cavities in the registration of ultrasound volumes in neurosurgery.

Fees, Fines, and the Funding of Public Services: A Curriculum for Reform

Since 2018, the Liman Center at Yale Law School and Harvard Law School’s Criminal Justice Policy Program (CJPP), in partnership with the Fines & Fees Justice Center and the Berkeley Law Policy Advocacy Clinic, have collaborated to mitigate the problems faced by people of limited means and resources who interact with criminal punishment systems around the United States. Through a series of workshops and materials, we have examined how law has enabled and, on occasion, limited these harms, experienced disproportionately by communities of color.Budget pressures are part of what drives state and local governments to rely on monetary sanctions. Reform efforts have, at times, been stymied by arguments that governments “need” the money generated by regressive fines and fees. In 2008, during and after the Great Recession, state and local governments responded to sudden budget pressures by searching for new streams of revenues—including from a host of legal assessments. Given that experience, we know that the economic disruptions created by the current COVID-19 crisis will likely result in governments’ considering additional use of monetary sanctions and “user” fee financing to generate revenue. The current economic constraints place strains on subnational budgets even more acute than those experienced a dozen years ago. Thus, we fear that governments may scale up the imposition and the enforcement of monetary sanctions. More tools are needed to resist these efforts, as the economic effects of the pandemic will frame the years to come.Knowledge of subnational systems of taxing and budgeting and of fiscal policymaking processes can be put to use to reduce and to end governments’ reliance on user fees for courts and for other aspects of criminal systems. This reader aims to help experts in public finance to understand the misuse of court-based assessments which are regressive revenue streams. Subsequent volumes will provide a primer on public finance for people knowledgeable about the law and practices of unfair monetary sanctions through an overview of how money is collected and allocated at the state and local level.These materials interact with ongoing seminars, sometimes virtual, to link people expert in publicfinance with their counterparts seeking to reform unfair monetary sanctions. Through monographs such as this, we hope to support work underway to shape just and equitable revenue-generation mechanisms that avoid imposing harmful costs on vulnerable individuals, families, and communities.

SLIMM: Slice localization integrated MRI monitoring

Functional MRI (fMRI) is extremely challenging to perform in subjects who move because subject motion disrupts blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) signal measurement. It has become common to use retrospective framewise motion detection and censoring in fMRI studies to eliminate artifacts arising from motion. Data censoring results in significant loss of data and statistical power unless the data acquisition is extended to acquire more data not corrupted by motion. Acquiring more data than is necessary leads to longer than necessary scan duration, which is more expensive and may lead to additional subject non-compliance. Therefore, it is well established that real-time prospective motion monitoring is crucial to ensure data quality and reduce imaging costs. In addition, real-time monitoring of motion allows for feedback to the operator and the subject during the acquisition, to enable intervention to reduce the subject motion. The most widely used form of motion monitoring for fMRI is based on volume-to-volume registration (VVR), which quantifies motion as the misalignment between subsequent volumes. However, motion is not constrained to occur only at the boundaries of volume acquisition, but instead may occur at any time. Consequently, each slice of an fMRI acquisition may be displaced by motion, and assessment of whole volume to volume motion may be insensitive to both intra-volume and inter-volume motion that is revealed by displacement of the slices. We developed the first slice-by-slice self-navigated motion monitoring system for fMRI by developing a real-time slice-to-volume registration (SVR) algorithm. Our real-time SVR algorithm, which is the core of the system, uses a local image patch-based matching criterion along with a Levenberg-Marquardt optimizer, all accelerated via symmetric multi-processing, with interleaved and simultaneous multi-slice acquisition schemes. Extensive experimental results on real motion data demonstrated that our fast motion monitoring system, named Slice Localization Integrated MRI Monitoring (SLIMM), provides more accurate motion measurements than a VVR based approach. Therefore, SLIMM offers improved online motion monitoring which is particularly important in fMRI for challenging patient populations. Real-time motion monitoring is crucial for online data quality control and assurance, for enabling feedback to the subject and the operator to act to mitigate motion, and in adaptive acquisition strategies that aim to ensure enough data of sufficient quality is acquired without acquiring excess data.

Romans: Three Exegetical Interpretations and the History of Receptions. Volume 1: Romans 1:1–32

While scholars typically lay out interpretive options and then argue one is the best, Daniel Patte, in this first volume of a three-volume commentary on Romans, presents three interpretations of Romans and argues that all are equally legitimate and equally plausible. In the foreword (pp. xv–xxv) and introduction (pp. 1–10) Patte describes how recent cultural phenomena of “fake news” and “alternative facts” as well as the diversity of interpretations of the biblical text make the subject of divergent explanations exceptionally relevant and how studying the reception of Romans along with biblical scholars, church historians, theologians from 1997–2011 as part of the SBL Seminar “Romans through History and Cultures” led him to see three major ways to interpret Romans that are equally legitimate and plausible.Because such a view goes against the grain of critical biblical scholarship, Patte defends his approach in the two chapters of part 1 (“Critical and Interpretation and the History of Reception in Romans”; pp. 11–69). The first chapter (pp. 11–45) describes in more detail the experience of the SBL Seminar that led the development of the methodology called “scriptural criticism” employed in this commentary. Such a method emerges from a belief that all interpretations reflect analytical textual choices, hermeneutical theological choices, and contextual choices, and these interpretations should be presumed legitimate and plausible until proven otherwise. The second chapter (pp. 46–69) features a critique of the genre of “critical commentary” since such commentaries argue for a single legitimate and plausible interpretation and dismiss or oddly incorporate the insights of other scholars. As an alternative approach, Patte proposes reading previous works in light of their “dominant interpretative line of reasoning” (p. 67), with his commentary engaging previous works according to interpretive approach.The longest section of the work is part 2 (“A Triple Commentary: Three Legitimate and Plausible Critical Exegeses of Rom 1:1–32”; pp. 71–332), in which Patte offers a commentary on Rom 1:1–32 from three different viewpoints. He labels these approaches respectively as reading Romans for “Its Forensic Theological Teaching” (ch. 3; pp. 73–119), “Its Call to Mission of an Inclusive Covenantal Community” (ch. 4; pp. 120–213), and “Its Realized-Apocalyptic/Messianic Vision” (ch. 5; pp. 214–332). The outline and organization of the comments in each chapter differs due to the way that particular approach divides up the text. A three-column table comparing how the interpretive approaches understand 31 different theological and ethical themes in Rom 1:1–32 appears as an appendix (pp. 475–98).Part 3 (“Critical Exegeses and Reception of Rom 1:1–32”; pp. 333–474) examines how each interpretation emerges from different contextual factors (ch. 6; pp. 335–87) and has particular ethical implications for individuals and communities that need to be considered when assessing interpretations (ch. 7; pp. 383–473). Patte uses multiple individuals and traditions to represent the three interpretation trajectories to evaluate potential benefit and harm in each: Augustine and Luther represent the “forensic-theological” interpretation, Clement of Alexandria and Abelard the “community-centered” view, and John Chrysostom the Pentecostal and Orthodox readings the “religious” dimensions of the realized-apocalyptic/messianic interpretation. The conclusion to the last chapter (pp. 472–74) conveys a central point of the work, one that Patte draws from his realized-apocalyptic/messianic reading of Rom 1:18–32, in that there is danger when one interpretation becomes absolutized to the rejection of the others.The work is unique in its approach and argumentation. Even if one disagrees with the premise that these interpretations are equally legitimate and plausible, one will greatly benefit from the analysis of the different strands of interpretation and Patte’s threefold explanation of the text; future work on Romans should draw on this work (and subsequent volumes). Those working in the field of hermeneutics also will be wise to engage with the claims of this work, explaining how to process the multiplicity of interpretations and taking seriously the fact that the Bible serves as a guide for life for individuals and communities. There are some unfortunate typographical errors in the names of important scholars (e.g., Douglas Moo is “Douglass” on p. 57 and Joseph Fitzmyer is “Fitzmier” on, e.g., pp. 105, 107, 110), but those do not take away from the careful argument and fine research of the book. The price of this edition likely limits its availability, but the paperback version scheduled to be published in January 2020 at a significantly lower cost ($39.95) should allow for more to interact with this provocative work.

Geschichte der deutschsprachigen Dialektliteratur seit der Mitte des 18. Jahrhunderts: Ein literaturhistorischer �berblick mit Textbeispielen in 6 B�chern by Peter Pabisch (review)

Reviewed by: Geschichte der deutschsprachigen Dialektliteratur seit der Mitte des 18. Jahrhunderts: Ein literaturhistorischer Überblick mit Textbeispielen in 6 Büchern by Peter Pabisch Albrecht Classen Peter Pabisch. Geschichte der deutschsprachigen Dialektliteratur seit der Mitte des 18. Jahrhunderts: Ein literaturhistorischer Überblick mit Textbeispielen in 6 Büchern. Germanistische Lehrbuchsammlung, 20.I-VI. Berlin: Weidler Buchverlag, 2019. Vol. 1, 483 p. There are many more dialects in this world than so-called standard languages (ca. 26,000 vs. ca. 7100). Dialects represent a linguistic dimension, which is hard to evaluate, especially regarding their social status, their rank within literary discourse, their communicative function and effectiveness, and their emotive value. They represent a linguistic minority, despite their much larger number all over the world, probably because all human societies have tried hard throughout time to establish a universal language—spoken, written, and understood by most people within one "nation"—while every region, province, or territory (even every village or city) maintained, willy-nilly, its own version. Dialect, however, has much to do with local culture and identity, and it still assumes a significant role in Europe and other parts of the world, whereas the situation in the United States (or Russia?) seems to be rather different, especially in light of the mass media since the early twentieth century, which contributed significantly to the elimination of dialects. However, even in the New World, a native speaker of New York might not be easily understood by someone from New Orleans, for instance, and vice versa. Peter Pabisch, Professor Emeritus of the University of New Mexico, explores the history of dialects in German literature since the time of Johann Gottfried Herder (1744–1803) until the recent past. His magisterial, six-volume treatment of this topic deserves our respect for its erudition, the author's enormous energy in collecting a vast range of relevant texts, and the sensibility regarding the many efforts across the German-speaking world to preserve and practice dialects, especially in literary texts. The reviewer received only volume one, which is the most important one for the entire project because it outlines the historical framework of dialect literature, analyzes its evolution and function in the wider context and in specific works, and weighs and [End Page 73] balances the significance of dialects in the history of German culture since around 1800. Volume 2 contains the critical apparatus, the bibliography, appendices, and illustrations; volumes 3-6 present copies or excerpts of the relevant texts. Since the early Middle Ages, there was a constant effort throughout German-speaking lands to negotiate the relationship between regional and standard language. This first led to the emergence of Old High German, then Middle High German, and finally Early New High German, with Martin Luther having been one of the most influential catalysts (not the creator!) in the development of the new standard language. Nevertheless, dialects are rather conservative, and they have survived until today, both in spoken and written German (and this actually in many parts of the world, including the USA); hence, the existence of dialect literature, although its function and relevance have always been questioned, debated, and fought about. Pabisch traces these ongoing negotiations in theoretical and practical terms, mostly beginning with central contributions by Herder, to whose insights he returns repeatedly. Much previous scholarship is reviewed at length, which might exhaust some readers since it amounts to a kind of bibliography within the text (not in the notes). However, the author is right to overview the vast field of research focused on dialects and especially on literature composed in dialect. The discussion then turns to the many writers of dialect literature, tracing the tradition from mid-eighteenth century to the recent past by offering brief biographical sketches and critical comments. Might it not have been better to place that information directly in front of the respective text editions in the subsequent volumes? We observe with great interest that there was obviously never any hiatus in the use of non-standard language, but very often a rather deliberate decision by literary historians simply to ignore those texts written in dialect as unwelcome competition. However, the use of dialect made it possible for many writers to preserve...

Imagined Futures: Writing, Science, and Modernity in the To-Day and To-Morrow Book Series, 1923–31 by Max Saunders

Reviewed by: Imagined Futures: Writing, Science, and Modernity in the To-Day and To-Morrow Book Series, 1923–31 by Max Saunders John McGowan Imagined Futures: Writing, Science, and Modernity in the To-Day and To-Morrow Book Series, 1923–31. Max Saunders. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2019. Pp. xiv +423. $80.00 (cloth). Students of modernism have long been familiar with the despairing conclusion that the world’s evil cannot be overcome. It dates to the “lost generation” after World War I, which precipitated the conviction that modernity is an unmitigated disaster. The styles of pessimism may have changed, but the substance has not. Barely a glimmer of hope to be seen anywhere—and god help the intellectual who betrays the slightest belief in progress, in a better future. He will henceforth (and summarily) be condemned to middlebrow hell from which there is no return. Max Saunders is well acquainted with wistful melancholy. He is the author of a majestic two-volume biography of Ford Madox Ford. Is there anywhere in literature a more extended portrait of the hapless “good” man than Parade’s End’s (1924–28) Tietjens, whose decency and moral integrity is thwarted at every turn, given no possible scope of effective action in a damnable [End Page 865] modern world? Now, in his entertaining and fascinating new book, Imagined Futures, Saunders offers a bracing counterhistory of despair, overturning both our received notion of the disillusionment following World War I and challenging our by-now habitual pessimism. The vehicle for Saunders’s assault on facile generalizations about the post-World War I cultural mood and on the fashionable weltschmerz of our own day is a series of 110 short books published between 1923 and 1931. The “To-Day and To-Morrow” series was edited by C. K. Ogden (the translator of Wittgenstein’s Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus, coauthor with I. A. Richards of The Meaning of Meaning [1923], indefatigable editor, and the high priest of BASIC English). Most volumes in the series were titled in a similar fashion: a figure from classical Greece, followed by “the future of . . .” A few examples: Halycon, or The Future of Monogamy (Vera Brittain); Lars Porsena, or the Future of Swearing and Improper Language (Robert Graves); Paris, or the Future of War (B. H. Liddell Hart). The notables who contributed volumes included Dora and Bertrand Russell, Sylvia Pankhurst, Winifred Holtby, C. E. M. Joad, Bonamy Dobrée, André Maurois, Hugh MacDiarmid, Lewis Grassic Gibbon, James Jeans, and future Indian president Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan. The series got rolling with Marxist scientist J. B. S. Haldane’s 1923 Daedalus, or Science and the Future, with Haldane’s upbeat prognosis countered by Bertrand Russell’s pessimistic 1924 riposte, Icarus, or the Future of Science. From there, as Saunders shows (his book partakes of the burgeoning field of the history of the book), the series developed the momentum that carried it through its eight-year life, with subsequent volumes often entering into direct dialogue with previous ones, and most volumes fairly widely reviewed and circulated. I defy any reader of Saunders’s book to come away indifferent to the treasure trove he has uncovered. Just his quotations from the thirty or so volumes he discusses in some detail whet this reader’s appetite. The writing is lively, and the imaginations on display energizing. One sample, from Douglas Woodruff’s Plato’s American Republic, in which Socrates visits twentieth-century America, will have to suffice. Modern Science appears as “a divine priestess” who “is invoked in all difficulties, whose words are received with great reverence, and that though her oracles are more than usually incomprehensible and fickle and her words long and horrible; . . . she is dear to the Americans because she speaks principally about machines, and tells them there shall be more and more of them, and an increasing number of parts in each” (quoted in Saunders, 187). If Saunders’s book has a flaw, it is how to deal with such wealth. Like most scholarship that offers a first visit to an archive, Saunders opens up numerous possible paths of investigation that he cannot fully explore. He devotes chapters to the natural sciences, the human sciences, technology...

Katie the Catsitter

Katie the Catsitter Kiri Palm, Colleen AF Venable, Stephanie Yue, and Braden Lamb Venable, Colleen AF Katie the Catsitter; illus. by Stephanie Yue. Random House, 2021 [224p] Library ed. ISBN 9781984895646 $23.99 Trade ed. ISBN 9780593306321 $20.99 Paper ed. ISBN 9781984895639 $12.99 E-book ed. ISBN 9781984895653 $8.99 Reviewed from digital galleys R Gr. 5-9 Twelve-year-old New Yorker Katie is heartbroken that she's missing out on a summer at camp—again. How could she possibly go, when her mom's waitress salary can't cover even one week of the multi-grand tuition? When her camp-going bestie Bethany suggests she save up for just one week of camp, Katie concocts a plan, offering to help her neighbors with any side gig they might have. Katie's odd-job crusade is off to a bumpy start as she kills the plants she's tasked with watering and breaks Mr. Quinn's eggs when helping him carry his groceries. Then the mysterious Ms. Lang from Apartment 5B asks her to catsit, and Katie's luck begins to change … for the worse. Ms. Lang's clowder of 217 feisty and unnaturally gifted felines might not be worth what Katie is earning (even if Katie is spared scooping 200 litter boxes due to the cats' being toilet trained), and the critters seem oddly interested in news reports about the dreaded Mousetress, NYC's most feared supervillain. It doesn't help that the masked malefactor bears a resemblance to Ms. Lang, nor that the nocturnal ne'er-do-well seems to commit her crimes during the evenings that Katie is catsitting. As the rodentian wrongdoer exposes dog-fighting tycoons, poachers, and vivisectionists, though, Katie wonders if the Mousetress might not be such a bad gal after all. Venable's middle-grade debut, the first in a new graphic novel series, will likely appeal to cat lovers as well as to caped crusaders, as most of the action centers on Katie's trials with the cunning cats. There's more to this tale than purrs and superheroism, though. Bethany's time at camp brings about changes that leave Katie behind metaphorically as well as physically: Bethany's suddenly interested in boys and uninterested in stickers, and she's recast herself into embracing of a once-hated nickname ("BETH?!" Katie gasps in shock at her friend's new signoff). Venable's address of the woes of limited income is useful but occasionally too subtle, so aware readers may wonder how supposedly broke Katie and her mom can afford to live in the same building as the posh Ms. Lang. Still, less well-off readers are sure to relate to Katie's camp cost struggles, and the threat of friends growing out of their relationships over the long summer is frustratingly real. Thankfully, however, so are kids' abilities to bounce back from change, such as Katie does when she meets endearingly awkward skater-girl Marie, who is sure to serve as a new bestie in subsequent volumes. Yue's digital art is cartoonish and appealing, with most detail going to the swarm of cats and their wild personalities. Realism and absurdity snuggle harmoniously, with such delightful dichotomies as grumpy moggy Moritz knocking over [End Page 203] glasses as calico Jolie plays MMORPGs while donning enormous headphones. Yue's designs also provide plenty of diversity, including hijab-sporting classmates, biracial Bethany, and dark-skinned Ms. Lang. Feminist overtones easily float throughout, the most poignant being the overly curvaceous femme fatale portrayal the media paints of the Mousetress, one that is completely at odds with the sensible flat boots and utilitarian gear worn by the real "villainess." Ultimately, this is plain, fluffy fun, a pro-girl comic to encourage adventure, entrepreneurship, and excellent, pun-filled pet names. End matter includes creator bios, a guide to saying "Meow" in different languages (courtesy of language expert cat Gracie), and an alphabetical line-up of Cat Benatar, Pierogi, and the rest of the kitty crew. (See p. 236 for publication information.) Copyright © 2021 The Board of Trustees of the University of Illinois

The development of modern automated image processing and transfer systems for agriculture unmanned aerial vehicles

The paper contains results of analytic research of unmanned aerial vehicles using in agriculture. The main problems arising in the creation and subsequent large volumes of high-resolution images real time transfer in unmanned aerial vehicles are highlighted. The Automated image processing and transfer system using new methods of information compression on unmanned aerial vehicles board is proposed. The paper considers the issues of consider the problems of constructing new orderings of Walsh functions and constructing fast compression algorithms in synthesized systems of discrete Walsh functions. For processing and subsequent transmission of information from UAVs recommended to use the fast DWT procedure, it allows for a hardware implementation capable of the real-time conversion performing due to its simplicity. The introduction of the proposed solutions for UAVs in agriculture allows to increase accurasy of electronic cartographic material, to keep electronic records of agricultural operations, to carry out operational monitoring of the crops state and to respond quickly for violations and deviations, to predict crop yields and plan their activities for short-term and long-term prospects.

Sickened by Steel

Sickened by Steel Zhou Lunyou (bio) Translated by Ming Di and Frank Stewart I’m always afraid of reliving that night—the fires erupting,my rushing blood burns through my body again,the powerful cries jolt me out of my quiet life.In flames, the square expands and contracts—swelling in the soaring enthusiasm,then suddenly shrinking. The exploding lightsblind the witnesses. (I don’t want to resurrect the emotions of that nightor cause other people to relive them through me,the deaths, the pain.) That night has sickened me.The grinding steel has become a diseasethat’s made me sick with rage. In this new era, that is withoutheroes or butterflies, I can calm myselfwith the smell of fresh oranges, orby making tea and chatting about cowardice. When memories threaten us,we simply enroll in a school in the suburbs,find a job, or ring a bell every daylike a monk marking the hours. We go on living like that, pretendingto be lightheartedas if nothing had happened. [End Page 158] But deep inside, we are infected.We laugh then abruptly stop.We are sad, so sad that we are nothing,like a river without fish,a sky without birds. Living a meaningless life—Struck or not, a bell is still a bell.A monk is still a monk.Even airplanes would be sickenedseeing the world through dark glasses.Like a failed abortionwe are scraped out, hollowed,boring and meaningless souls. Before that night I lived like a feather.Now, when I awakeI have turned to dead ashes. Sichuan1990.10.19 [End Page 159] Zhou Lunyou Zhou Lunyou was born in 1952 in Xichang, Sichuan province. He started writing poetry in the 1970s, founded the avant-garde group Not Not (Feifei) in 1986, and edited its influential journal and subsequent volumes of poetic theory. His poetic manifesto was titled “A Stance of Rejection.” A collection of his poems and theoretical articles, Opening the Door of the Flesh: Not-Not-ism, From Theory to Practice, was published in 1994. He received the Rougang Poetry Award in 1992 and the first Contemporary Chinese Poetry Award from Nanjing University in 2009. Copyright © 2019 University of Hawai‘i Press

Tourism from an Anthropological Perspective in the Journal “Folia Turistica” (1990-2018).

Purpose. The objective of the article is an attempt to present the contribution of the scientific journal “Folia Turistica” to the development of research and transfer of humanistic knowledge about tourism, with particular emphasis on anthropology and (anthropologising) sociology, as both disciplines were important in creating the theory of tourism. Method. Qualitative research; discourse analysis; query of the published issues of “Folia Turistica” – from 1-1990 to 49-2018. Findings. The results of the analysis of the journal refer to humanistic knowledge on tourism studied from anthropological, cultural, sociological, (socio)linguistic and interdisciplinary perspectives. Increasing the role of anthropological knowledge in education and studies on tourism is a chance to acquire competences that are useful in understanding various aspects of tourist experiences and intercultural relations. Scientific journals, serving as a forum for the exchange of ideas, criticism and debates, co-create this process, reflect the trends which are popular in the research community and set new paths of inquiry. The profile of subsequent volumes of “Folia ...” illustrates the stages of development of studies on tourism, as evidenced by the presence of texts discussing current issues, theories and methods. Research and conclusions limitations. The article is based on qualitative and hermeneutic research and concerns one journal, which limits the possibilities of comparing and generalising the results. The analysis allows to identify humanistic issues (including those anthropological) in relation to tourism, without quantitative data illustration of, for example, the frequency of occurrence regarding a given topic, method or theory. Practical implications. The work may be important for researchers seeking information on the role of the studied journal in the transfer of knowledge on tourism. The conclusions from the analysis show the process of including content focused on the cultural and social nature of tourism, reflecting the development of studies on this phenomenon in Poland. The results are interpreted in a broader epistemological context and may contribute to the debate on prospects concerning further development of interdisciplinary tourism studies. Originality. This is the first study of this type on the subject of the periodical “Folia Turistica”, one of the most important Polish scientific journals in the field of tourism. Type of work. Review article, supplemented by author’s empirical research.

TOURISM FROM AN ANTHROPOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE IN THE JOURNAL “FOLIA TURISTICA” (1990-2018)

Purpose. The objective of the article is an attempt to present the contribution of the scientific journal “Folia Turistica” to the development of research and transfer of humanistic knowledge about tourism, with particular emphasis on anthropology and (anthropologising) sociology, as both disciplines were important in creating the theory of tourism. Method. Qualitative research; discourse analysis; query of the published issues of “Folia ...” – from 1-1990 to 49-2018. Findings. The results of the analysis of the journal refer to humanistic knowledge on tourism studied from anthropological, cultural, sociological, (socio)linguistic and interdisciplinary perspectives. Increasing the role of anthropological knowledge in education and studies on tourism is a chance to acquire competences that are useful in understanding various aspects of tourist experiences and intercultural relations. Scientific journals, serving as a forum for the exchange of ideas, criticism and debates, co-create this process, reflect the trends which are popular in the research community and set new paths of inquiry. The profile of subsequent volumes of “Folia ...” illustrates the stages of development of studies on tourism, as evidenced by the presence of texts discussing current issues, theories and methods. Research and conclusions limitations. The article is based on qualitative and hermeneutic research and concerns one journal, which limits the possibilities of comparing and generalising the results. The analysis allows to identify humanistic issues (including those anthropological) in relation to tourism, without quantitative data illustration of, for example, the frequency of occurrence regarding a given topic, method or theory. Practical implications. The work may be important for researchers seeking information on the role of the studied journal in the transfer of knowledge on tourism. The conclusions from the analysis show the process of including content focused on the cultural and social nature of tourism, reflecting the development of studies on this phenomenon in Poland. The results are interpreted in a broader epistemological context and may contribute to the debate on prospects concerning further development of interdisciplinary tourism studies. Originality. This is the first study of this type on the subject of the periodical “Folia Turistica”, one of the most important Polish scientific journals in the field of tourism. Type of work. Review article, supplemented by author’s empirical research.

Modelling for the integer optimization of the production resources of the organization in the conditions of warranty support of goods

The article describes the economic and mathematical model to optimize the distribution of production resources of the organization in conditions of warranty support of goods. The model allows the integer assignment of such resources as, for example, equipment. The mathematical apparatus allows in a single system to consider the production of all goods from the nomenclature of the organization for each technological operation for each year of the project together with the warranty support of the goods. The system of limitations of the model, in addition to taking into account all items of possible costs, assumes the possibility of taking into account the impact of additional efforts aimed at ensuring quality in production on the subsequent volumes of work associated with the warranty.

Lewis Barnavelt and the Rainbow over New Zebedee: Queering The House with a Clock in Its Walls

The paper discusses The House with a Clock in Its Walls (1973) by John Bellairs and its film adaptation, directed by Eli Roth (2018), from queer theory and gender studies perspectives. The author of the article aims to overview and develop existing queer in‑terpretations of the first novel in the Lewis Barnavelt series, with contextual references to the cycle’s subsequent volumes, and to conduct a queer theory ‑inspired analysis of Roth’s motion picture. The genre represented by the novel and the film is also consid‑ered by taking the scholarly reflections on the queer aspects of the Gothic and the hor‑ror into account. The author concludes that although both versions of the story fail at portraying femininity in an unconventional way, they succeed in showing that queer‑ness and, more generally, the Otherness should be highly appreciated and valued.

Association of Circulating Proinflammatory and Anti-inflammatory Protein Biomarkers in Extremely Preterm Born Children with Subsequent Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging Volumes and Cognitive Function at Age 10 Years

To examine elevated neonatal inflammatory and neurotrophic proteins from children born extremely preterm in relation to later childhood brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging volumes and cognition. We measured circulating inflammation-related proteins and neurotrophic proteins on postnatal days 1, 7, and 14 in 166 children at 10years of age (73 males; 93 females). Top quartile levels on ≥2days for ≥3 inflammation-related proteins and for ≥4 neurotrophic proteins defined exposure. We examined associations among protein levels, brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging volumes, and cognition with multiple linear and logistic regressions. Analyses were adjusted for gestational age at birth and sex. Children with ≥3 elevated inflammation-related proteins had smaller grey matter, brain stem/cerebellar, and total brain volumes than those without elevated inflammation-related proteins, adjusted for neurotrophic proteins. When adjusted for inflammation-related proteins, children with ≥4 neurotrophic proteins, compared with children with no neurotrophic proteins, had larger grey matter and total brain volumes. Higher grey matter, white matter, and cerebellum and brainstem volumes were significantly correlated with higher IQ. Grey and white matter volumes were correlated with each other (r=-0.18; P=.021), and cerebellum and brainstem was highly correlated with grey matter (r=0.55; P<.001) and white matter (r=0.29; P<.001). Adjusting for other brain compartments, cerebellum and brainstem was associated with IQ (P=.016), but the association with white matter was marginally significant (P=.051). Grey matter was not associated with IQ. After adjusting for brain volumes, elevated inflammation-related proteins remained significantly associated with a lower IQ, and elevated neurotrophic proteins remained associated with a higher IQ. Newborn inflammatory and neurotrophin protein levels are associated with later brain volumes and cognition, but their effects on cognition are not entirely explained by altered brain volumes.

O nowej edycji Dzieł Zygmunta Krasińskiego

The new edition of collected works by Zygmunt Krasinski, published in 2017, includes his all known literary works, as well as the poet’s other writings grouped into categories according to type and genre, within which chronological order was adopted (with respect to the date of writing a given text). The structure of particular volumes involves the following components: 1) an introductory article which provides general information on the volume’s content; 2) presentation of the volume’s content; 3) rules of edition and modernization; 4) list of abbreviations (divided according to the type of abbreviation); 5) selected source and subject bibliography; 6) the main text with abridged editorial notes, containing predominantly information about the autograph, the date of writing the work, and the adopted text basis; 7) factual explanations. Each composition has been treated as a separate entity, and the explanations were provided directly after a given text. Both the sturcture of subsequent volumes and their content is a new study, which in many aspects departs from the traditional manner of publishing collective editions of works by Krasinski. In the new edition, no traditional division between Polish and French texts was respected, as Krasinski wrote equally valuable compositions in both languages. The long-employed division of works into ones written at the young and mature age was also abandoned, as it was usually unnecessary. In addition, since it is impossible to draw a clear thematic line between Krasinski’s various philosophical, political and religious articles, it was decided that they would be collectively referred to as „discoursive texts”. The term itself lacks precision, yet it is broad enough to accomodate Krasinski’s elaborations and journalistic writing on those topics, which have so far been called in various manners.

The Achievement of Hans Urs von Balthasar: An Introduction to His Trilogy by Matthew Levering

Reviewed by: The Achievement of Hans Urs von Balthasar: An Introduction to His Trilogy by Matthew Levering James J. Buckley The Achievement of Hans Urs von Balthasar: An Introduction to His Trilogy. By Matthew Levering. Foreword by Cyril O’Regan. Washington, D.C.: The Catholic University of America Press, 2019. Pp. xxii + 253. $29.95 (paper). ISBN 978-0-8132-3175-4. As the title indicates, Levering’s book is a contribution to the still-growing literature on Hans Urs von Balthasar—an innovative contribution, as we will see. What the title does not suggest to readers is the equally important contribution Levering’s book makes to a larger argument over how different sorts of Catholic theologians can help (including by disputation) each other in the twenty-first century—specifically, theologians sympathetic to Thomas Aquinas (like Levering) and those more sympathetic to a kind of post-Thomist ressourcement (like Balthasar). I am deeply sympathetic to each of Levering’s aims—providing a charitable reading of Balthasar and doing so in service of a theological project that holds together ressourcement theology and Aquinas. However, by this review’s end, I will suggest that Levering’s book also embodies a tension between these two important contributions—a tension that is as helpful as Levering’s innovative reading of Balthasar’s achievement in the book’s title. Before making this case, it should be said that this is an eminently readable book. As Cyril O’Regan’s helpful Foreword puts it, “Levering draws attention away from how much he actually knows and generously invites the far less learned reader to be a co-traveler on a voyage of discovery” (xvii). Scholars should value the book for the bibliographies alone. But this book will be readable by undergraduate majors and graduate students—and, perhaps even more importantly nowadays, the book is readable by Levering’s peers in theological fields other than systematics who are trying to figure out what in God’s name systematic theologians nowadays are arguing about. It is a remarkable rhetorical accomplishment—and, as O’Regan also puts it, “a far more Thomistic than Balthasarian pedagogy” (xvii). Levering bookends his treatment of Balthasar with an introduction and epilogue that describe his aims. On the side of introducing Balthasar, Levering’s focus is on “setting forth in painstaking detail the concrete arguments that von Balthasar makes” (8) in the three introductory volumes of each series within Balthasar’s trilogy—the aesthetics, dramatic, and logic. Levering knows that a full-scale introduction (like those offered by Aidan [End Page 639] Nichols and Edward Oakes [13–14]) would involve much more than the volumes of the trilogy he covers here. But—and here is a transition to the second achievement of this book—this introduction (unlike others) is “for the theologically educated readers who mistrust von Balthasar [like some Thomists] or who mistrust Balthasar’s critics [like some Balthasarians]” (15). This is “an” (not “the”) introduction. And it is as much an introduction to “Catholic theology today” as it is to von Balthasar’s theology. How then to introduce Balthasar’s achievement in light of this end? Levering’s strategy is ingenious. Focus on the first volume of each multi-volumed part of Balthasar’s trilogy—the aesthetics, the theodrama, and the theologic—rather than the subsequent volumes within each part which raise their own critical issues (15). Then read each of these volumes as a response to one major modern thinker: Kant (for the aesthetic), Hegel (for the theodrama), and Nietzsche (for the theologic). Then show that each first volume of Balthasar’s trilogy can be read as what Levering calls a Kantian critique of Kant, a Hegelian critique of Hegel, and a Nietzschean critique of Nietzsche (17)—I would say, a critical absorption of Kant, Hegel, or Nietzsche into Balthasar’s Trinitarian and Christological theology. Thus, each of Levering’s three parts (embracing the three parts of Balthasar’s trilogy) is similarly structured: an introduction to the key thesis; an overview of relevant texts by Kant or Hegel or Nietzsche; a survey of the first volumes of each of the three parts of Balthasar’s trilogy showing how...

Stages of Transmutation: Science Fiction, Biology, and Environmental Posthumanism by Tom Idema

633 BOOKS IN REVIEW Life Lessons. Tom Idema. Stages of Transmutation: Science Fiction, Biology, and Environmental Posthumanism. New York: Routledge, 2019. 186 pp. $120 hc, $54.95 ebk. Tom Idema’s Stages of Transformation offers readings of four works of posthuman sf, together with a broader argument that speculation on the posthuman, whether in sf writing or more generally, needs to get away from technologically-based fantasies of the Singularity and of jacking into the network, and instead pay greater attention to biological and environmental themes. The book is well-written, and accessible without sacrificing complexity. Its readings are good and interesting, but I think it is the overall thesis that makes this book an important one. In successive chapters, the author considers Kim Stanley Robinson’s MARS trilogy, Greg Bear’s Darwin’s Radio, Jeff VanderMeer’s SOUTHERN REACH trilogy, and Octavia Butler’s XENOGENESIS/LILITH’S BROOD trilogy. All of these works have been widely discussed by previous critics, but Idema provides some new insights about all of them. The sequencing of the book is also interesting, as Idema moves from Robinson’s political epic of terraforming, to Bear’s biological mysticism, to VanderMeer’s fabulation of ecological catastrophe, and finally to Butler’s wrenching vision of traumatic contact. This makes the works seem highly diverse, but Idema convincingly finds a common thread running through all of them. He achieves this largely by shifting his focus away from what might seem the most obvious features of these works. Idema’s reading of the MARS trilogy soft-pedals the political discords and contentions that feature so prominently in these books, as they do in most of Robinson’s other novels. Instead, Idema is most interested in how the scientific and engineering program of terraforming the planet itself becomes transformed as the human actors, whatever their politics, are increasingly forced to take account of Mars itself not just as an object-background to be altered or preserved, but rather as an active participant in the project of development and change. What starts out as a narrative about the potentials and the politics of human-directed technology becomes, instead, a “more-than-human drama that occurs mostly outside of human vision and control” (63). This necessarily means shifting the focus away from the utopian dynamics that are arguably Robinson’s own most central concern. In his account of Darwin’s Radio, Idema is most concerned to defend the novel against charges of being either reductively genetic-determinist on the one hand, or overly spiritualistic on the other. The novel imagines a worldwide phenomenon in which pregnant women find their fetuses altered in strange and surprising ways. Bear focuses the novel on renegade scientists who reject the general consensus that the genetic alterations constitute a plague or epidemic that desperately needs to be suppressed. Instead, they regard it as a new step in directed evolution; potentialities long buried in the human genome have been activated as a result of environmental stress. Idema shows how the novel traces out the complex politics behind large-budget scientific and medical research; in this way, Idema contends that Bear is covering much of the same ground as STS 634 SCIENCE FICTION STUDIES, VOLUME 46 (2019) (science and technology studies), in seeing science as a social process rather than as the simple uncovering of facts. The chapter on the SOUTHERN REACH trilogy is, to my mind, the strongest section of the book. Idema is well attuned to the way that VanderMeer’s uncanny writing disables the pretensions of the traditional humanist subject extending rational mastery over a world of objects. The discussion focuses on the figure of the biologist, who is the narrator of the first volume of the series, and whose metamorphoses are tracked in the subsequent volumes. She is a scientist, but in the course of the narrative she finds herself unable to keep separate from the organisms and environment that are supposed to be the objects of her study. Rather, she is more or less absorbed into, or interpenetrated by, the ambiance, as she allows herself to be changed by it. Idema shows how VanderMeer’s writing, by being evocatively precise without being objective...

Visions and Revisions in Katherine Anne Porter's "The Jilting of Granny Weatherall"

Visions and Revisions in Katherine Anne Porter's "The Jilting of Granny Weatherall" Christine L. Grogan In "How I Accompanied Katherine Anne Porter on the Last Great Pilgrimage of Her Life," Charlotte Laughlin recounts a conversation she had with Porter regarding "The Jilting of Granny Weatherall." Like most readers of "Jilting," Laughlin was curious about the destiny of Ellen Weatherall. She questioned: "despite all Granny Weatherall's good work, the priest had been in the house the second time and the 'bridegroom' had not come. 'Was it because she had never forgiven the man who jilted her? … Is that why she couldn't go to heaven?'" Porter responded that she did not know where Ellen went when she died, adding that "We all have too much to forgive." After a pause, Laughlin noted that her voice became "nearly mischievous," as she said, "But the first bridegroom had given her plenty." After receiving puzzled looks, Porter clarified: "The baby. She fainted you know" (238). One of Porter's most popular stories, "The Jilting of Granny Weatherall" leaves many questions to ponder, among them the identity of the baby to whom Porter refers. In a 1975 interview with Mary Anne Dolan of The Washington Star, Porter states that this "particular story has brought more letters from students and teachers. Hundreds of them in the last 25 years" (181). Indeed, this story has been one of Porter's most anthologized out of her many highly crafted works. However, the version that the majority of us read and teach is not the one she originally published. Even though the later version does not make explicit all the ambiguous parts in the original, a comparison of the first one published with the version collected just seven months later reveals that Porter made significant changes that merit exploration and that somewhat clarify the protagonist's relationships with other characters. Crafting her story in 1927, Porter first printed the tale of Ellen Weatherall's last day in the February 1929 (fifteenth) issue of Eugene [End Page 49] Jolas's transition, the literary magazine widely regarded as the most influential in shaping the modernist avant-garde. Already published in Century, she was still building her name, reputation, and confidence. Most likely, Porter's friends Josephine Herbst and Matthew Josephson encouraged her to submit her stories to transition. Never really a member of the so-called Lost Generation, Porter nonetheless published "The Jilting of Granny Weatherall" and "Magic" alongside the works of James Joyce, Gertrude Stein, and Ernest Hemingway, all of whom went to Paris while Porter went to Mexico. According to Joan Givner, the publication of these two stories in a magazine of international standing marked a turning point in Porter's career: "their completion was a significant achievement because they show that she was at last finding her own subject matter and establishing some control over it" (197). On September 11, 1930, the story appeared in revised form in Porter's first collection of short stories, Flowering Judas, a slim volume (comprising "María Concepción," "He," "Magic," "Rope," "The Jilting of Granny Weatherall," and the title story, "Flowering Judas") with a limited run of six hundred copies published by Harcourt, Brace that established her critical reputation. With slight modifications to spelling, punctuation, and capitalization, this 1930 version of the story was reproduced in three subsequent volumes published by Harcourt, Brace during Porter's lifetime: Flowering Judas and Other Stories in 1935, a revision of sorts to the 1930 collection that published all of the 1930 stories and an additional four ("Theft," "That Tree," "The Cracked Looking-Glass," and "Hacienda"); The Old Order in 1955; and the version recognized as the definitive one, The Collected Stores of Katherine Anne Porter in 1965. Several recent articles read Porter's collected stories in relation to their original magazine publications. In her 2015 article, "Katherine Anne Porter, Magic, and transition," Kerry Hasler-Brooks charts the role of "Magic" in the transformation of Jolas's magazine from a transnational monthly into what Jolas subtitled "an international quarterly for creative experiment" (222). She credits Porter's story for speaking the political potential of patois...

Body mass index, but not vitamin D status, is associated with brain volume change in MS.

To determine whether body mass index (BMI) or vitamin D status is associated with MRI measures of neurodegeneration in a cohort of individuals with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) or clinically isolated syndrome (CIS). Expression, Proteomics, Imaging, Clinical (EPIC) is a longitudinal multiple sclerosis (MS) cohort study at the University of California, San Francisco. Participants had clinical evaluations, brain MRI, and blood draws annually. We evaluated patients with CIS or RRMS at baseline. In multivariate repeated-measures analyses adjusted for age, sex, ethnicity, smoking status, and use of MS treatments, annual 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and BMI were evaluated for their association with subsequent brain volumes (normalized gray matter [nGMV], brain parenchymal [nBPV], and white matter volumes, as determined by Structural Image Evaluation using Normalization of Atrophy-X). Among 469 participants, each 1-kg/m2 higher BMI was independently associated with reduced nGMV in multivariate models (-1.1 mL, 95% confidence interval [CI] -1.8 to -0.5, p = 0.001). BMI was likewise independently associated with nBPV (nBPV per 1-kg/m2 greater BMI: -1.1 mL, 95% CI -2.1 to -0.05, p = 0.039). Vitamin D levels did not appear to be meaningfully associated with brain volumes. Higher BMI appears to be associated with greater reductions in nGMV and nBPV, which is relevant because, in particular, nGMV loss portends greater longer-term disability. Because obesity is modifiable, further studies should explore these relationships in detail, and evaluating the effect of reducing BMI on imaging and clinical outcomes in MS may be warranted.