Subsequent Relief Research Articles

Features of diagnosis and treatment of urinary tract infection in the background of diabetes mellitus type 2 (clinical case)

A clinical case of asymptomatic chronic pyelonephritis against the background of decompensation of type 2 diabetes mellitus is presented. The patient sought medical attention with clinical manifestations of diabetes mellitus, but did not indicate symptoms of pyelonephritis. Signs of the inflammatory process in the kidneys were detected only in the hospital based on the results of laboratory tests. In the described multimorbid condition, the presence of hyperglycemia served as a substrate for the accelerated growth of Escherichia coli bacteria, which caused an exacerbation of chronic urinary tract infection in the patient. In addition, diabetes mellitus contributed to the development of virulence and polyresistance of microflora to antibiotics. The complexity of stopping pyelonephritis in this clinical case necessitated constant monitoring and correction of the antibacterial therapy effectivenes. The initially prescribed antibiotic Ceftriaxone was replaced with Cefoperazone + Sulbactam. Since our patient with severe multimorbid pathology had a highly variable glycemic profile, we adjusted antibacterial therapy in parallel with hypoglycemic therapy. As a result, we noted that compensation of diabetes mellitus with normalization of glycemia contributed to the restoration of immune system function and weakening of the inflammatory process in the kidney with subsequent relief of the active phase of chronic pyelonephritis.

Stress relief treatment of aluminum/magnesium laminates fabricated by roll bonding technique.

Roll bonding of aluminum/magnesium laminates combines the good corrosion resistance of aluminum alloys with the beneficial mechanical properties of magnesium alloys. We studied the microstructure of aluminum Al-1051/AZ31 magnesium laminates fabricated by the roll-bonding process. The fabricated laminates were investigated in the as-fabricated condition and after subsequent stress relief annealing treatment at temperatures ranging from 200°C to 400°C. The investigation aims to determine the optimal temperature to decrease the residual stress of the severely deformed microstructure of the roll-bonded Al/Mg laminates. Internal residual stress can limit the application of such laminates. Such a thermal treatment enhances the interdiffusion of Al and Mg at the Al/Mg interface resulting in the formation of intermetallic phases. Intermetallic compounds are undesirable due to their brittleness and impact on the overall laminate structure and integrity. Detailed microstructure characterization of the intermetallic compounds and internal residual stress by means of recrystallization degree revealed that stress-relief treatment at 200°C/1h is sufficient to reduce internal residual stress and ensure adequate interdiffusion at Al/Mg interface to minimize the formation of brittle intermetallic compounds in the diffusion zone.

Multi-Armed Bandit Approaches for Location Planning with Dynamic Relief Supplies Allocation Under Disaster Uncertainty

Natural disasters (e.g., floods, earthquakes) significantly impact citizens, economies, and the environment worldwide. Due to their sudden onset, devastating effects, and high uncertainty, it is crucial for emergency departments to take swift action to minimize losses. Among these actions, planning the locations of relief supply distribution centers and dynamically allocating supplies is paramount, as governments must prioritize citizens’ safety and basic living needs following disasters. To address this challenge, this paper develops a three-layer emergency logistics network to manage the flow of emergency materials, from warehouses to transfer stations to disaster sites. A bi-objective, multi-period stochastic integer programming model is proposed to solve the emergency location, distribution, and allocation problem under uncertainty, focusing on three key decisions: transfer station selection, upstream emergency material distribution, and downstream emergency material allocation. We introduce a multi-armed bandit algorithm, named the Geometric Greedy algorithm, to optimize transfer station planning while accounting for subsequent dynamic relief supply distribution and allocation in a stochastic environment. The new algorithm is compared with two widely used multi-armed bandit algorithms: the ϵ-Greedy algorithm and the Upper Confidence Bound (UCB) algorithm. A case study in the Futian District of Shenzhen, China, demonstrates the practicality of our model and algorithms. The results show that the Geometric Greedy algorithm excels in both computational efficiency and convergence stability. This research offers valuable guidelines for emergency departments in optimizing the layout and flow of emergency logistics networks.

Improvement of fatigue, depression, and processing speed two weeks post Natalizumab infusion in Multiple Sclerosis: No difference between standard and extended interval dosing schedules

BackgroundFatigue, depression and slow processing speed are debilitating symptoms in people with Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis (RRMS) that significantly impacts on the quality of life. Natalizumab, a disease-modifying treatment, improves clinical symptoms but questions remain about the comparative efficacy between its standard interval dosing (SID) and extended interval dosing (EID) schedules. ObjectiveTo examine the impact of short term natalizumab dosing schedules—SID versus EID—on the so called “invisible symptoms”, specifically focusing on symptom exacerbation during the 'wearing-off' phase before infusion and the subsequent relief post-infusion. MethodsForty-two RRMS patients were assessed one week before (T0) and two weeks after pre-and post-natalizumab infusion (T1) for fatigue symptoms using the Fatigue Scale for Motor and Cognitive Functions (FSMC), the Modified Fatigue Impact Scale (MFIS), and the Fatigue Symptoms and Impacts Questionnaire–Relapsing Multiple Sclerosis (FSIQ-RMS). Processing speed and depression were measured by the symbol digit modality test (SDMT), and the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II). Participants were categorized into either the SID or EID dosing schedules of natalizumab, and their outcomes were compared. ResultsForty-two patients (21 SID; 21 EID) completed the study. Fatigue severity scales, SDMT, and BDI-II scores improved from T0 to T1. No significant differences in fatigue symptoms were found between the SID and EID groups, whether during the "wearing-off" period (T0) or post-infusion (T1). ConclusionsBoth SID and EID dosing regimens of natalizumab are similarly effective in reducing fatigue symptoms, depression and improving processing speed in individuals with RRMS, with no observed differences during the "wearing-off" periods or after re-infusion.

The Impact of COVID-19 Restrictions on Reports of Domestic Violence Against Women in the Context of a Middle-Income Country: The Case of Belo Horizonte, Brazil.

The city of Belo Horizonte is a state capital in Brazil with 2.7 million people. The city is remarkable for its stubbornly high and stable levels of domestic violence, and for having implemented very restrictive responses to the COVID-19 pandemic. Using 260 weeks of data between 2017 and 2021, we used an Interrupted Time Series model to estimate the effect of the restrictive orders and their subsequent relief on reports of domestic violence against women. Results show that restrictive orders had a large and negative immediate impact on reports of domestic violence against women, which was immediately followed by a gradual increase towards their original level. The subsequent relief had no impact, as the series had already resumed its earlier trend by the time restrictions ended. We engage with theory and extant research from middle-income countries to consider why reports declined and why this decline was momentary. Findings contrast with research in high-income countries, which generally found increases in reports of domestic violence after implementing pandemic-related restrictions. However, results align with a single other study in Mexico, a medium-income country similar to Brazil. In light of our data's context and literature, we considered that reports of domestic violence may have declined not necessarily because of a reduction in actual incidents, but because the restrictions may have exacerbated the isolation of women in vulnerable domestic arrangements, limiting their ability to report their victimization. A stable trend in reports of domestic violence against women, which resumed even after a global pandemic, suggests that current policies have been ineffective and that addressing domestic violence requires a better understanding of related issues and evidence-based strategies. Our study also highlights the importance of considering the consequences of hastily implemented policies during a crisis. While necessary, such policies can inadvertently exacerbate issues such as social isolation.

Impact of melt pool geometry variability on lack-of-fusion porosity and fatigue life in powder bed fusion-laser beam Ti–6Al–4V

Powder bed fusion-laser beam (PBF-LB) parts experience a significant decline in fatigue performance when process-induced defects are present. In this work, a decline in 4-point bend fatigue life was observed in PBF-LB Ti–6Al–4V coupons fabricated at constant power with increasing scanning velocity and which underwent subsequent stress relief and surface machining. Specifically, the presence of pores that resemble lack-of-fusion (LoF) and a decline in fatigue life were observed at scanning velocities lower than that expected from prior published work. It was hypothesized that this unexpected presence of LoF pores resulted from melt pool geometry variability that was not considered in prior work when the LoF criterion was implemented. Further, these pores can be small in size and infrequent in their occurrence when the melt pool geometry variability is not severe. Such sparse pores are challenging to characterize using conventional 2D characterization methods. This work leverages tall and narrow coupon geometry and high-resolution X-ray micro computed tomography (X-μCT) to capture LoF porosity. The results show that a modified melt pool overlap-based LoF criterion considering melt pool geometry variability captures the unexpected occurrence of LoF pores observed in X-μCT. In addition, the LoF percent metric displays a strongly negative correlation with fatigue performance. The insights from this work provide guidance on characterizing melt pool geometry variability across scan lines to systematically evaluate processing parameters that generate LoF pores, which, in turn, could lower fatigue performance.

A sensor platform based on SERS detection/janus textile for sweat glucose and lactate analysis toward portable monitoring of wellness status

Herein we report a wearable sweat sensor of a Janus fabric based on surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) technology, mainly detecting the two important metabolites glucose and lactate. Janus fabric is composed of electrospinning PU on a piece of medical gauze (cotton), working as the unidirectional moisture transport component (R = 1305%) to collect and transfer sweat efficiently. SERS tags with different structures act as the probe to recognize and detect the glucose and lactate in high sensitivity. Core-shell structured gold nanorods with DTNB inside (AuNRs@DTNB@Au) are used to detect lactate, while gold nanorods with MPBA (AuNRs@MPBA) are used to detect glucose. Through the characteristic SERS information, two calibration functions were established for the concentration determination of glucose and lactate. The concentrations of glucose and lactate in sweat of a 23 years volunteer during three-stage interval running are tested to be 95.5, 53.2, 30.5 μM and 4.9, 13.9, 10.8 mM, indicating the glucose (energy) consumption during exercise and the rapid accumulation of lactate at the early stage accompanied by the subsequent relief. As expected, this sensing system is able to provide a novel strategy for effective acquisition and rapid detection of essential biomarkers in sweat.

Cleavage and polyadenylation machinery as a novel targetable vulnerability for human cancer.

The role of alternative polyadenylation of mRNA in sustaining aggressive features of tumors is quite well established, as it is responsible for the 3'UTR shortening of oncogenes and subsequent relief from miRNA-mediated repression observed in cancer cells. However, the information regarding the vulnerability of cancer cells to the inhibition of cleavage and polyadenylation (CPA) machinery is very scattered. Only few recent reports show the antitumor activity of pharmacological inhibitors of CPSF3, one among CPA factors. More in general, the fact that deregulated CPA can be seen as a new hallmark of cancer and as a potential reservoir of novel therapeutic targets has never been formalized. Here, to extend our view on the potential of CPA inhibition (CPAi) approaches as anticancer therapies, we systematically tested the fitness of about one thousand cell lines of different cancer types upon depletion of all known CPA factors by interrogating genome-scale CRISPR and RNAi dependency maps of the DepMap project. Our analysis confirmed core and accessory CPA factors as novel vulnerabilities for human cancer, thus highlighting the potential of CPAi as anticancer therapy. Among all, CPSF1 appeared as a promising actionable candidate for drug development, as it showed low dependency scores pancancer and particularly in highly proliferating cells. In a personalized medicine perspective, the observed differential vulnerability of cancer cell lines to selected CPA factors may be used to build up signatures to predict response of individual human tumors to CPAi approaches.

“Natural” Disasters and Disaster Relief

This article discusses Celestial Fire, volume 2 of Alai's Epic of Ji Village, which depicts a major natural disaster—a wildfire—that hits the village during the Cultural Revolution and the subsequent relief efforts. This article examines how the natural disaster is woven into the texture of social organisms, appropriated by political powers, and maneuvered for building a modern Chinese nation. By investigating how the wildfire, as both a natural and a social event, changes the landscape and the communal structure of Ji Village, and how the state-orchestrated relief efforts fail to lead to salvation, the authors demonstrate the complexity in socialist China of “ecoethnic politics”: politics of ethnic, national, and class relations mediated through ecological changes and reshaping of nature. Nature is thus shown as an ecoideological tapestry into which gender, ethnic, and class politics are intricately interwoven.

The usefulness of barium enema using a water-soluble contrast medium as an emergency examination.

Colorectal obstruction is a critical condition requiring prompt diagnosis and intervention. Gastrografin, a water-soluble contrast agent, combines diagnostic and therapeutic benefits, facilitating bowel cleansing and enhancing intestinal motility. This study assessed the safety and effectiveness of Gastrografin enemas in emergency settings. From 2013 to 2023, 40 patients with suspected colorectal obstruction identified through imaging studies, including CT, underwent Gastrografin enemas. The contrast agent was diluted 3-4 times with warm water and administered using an automatic injector. Antispasmodic agents were routinely administered, and air insufflation was avoided to minimize complications. Glycerin enemas were used as needed, and no oral laxatives were administered. Out of 40 patients, 14 were diagnosed with impaired intestinal transit caused by colorectal cancer, with 13 undergoing colonoscopy. The use of Gastrografin revealed the expulsion of fecal masses, provided a clear visual field, showed minimal adhesion to the scope, and allowed successful access to the lesion in all cases. In 17 cases, the lesions were attributed to intestinal hypomotility or fecal masses without stenosis. However, the administration of Gastrografin enhanced intestinal peristalsis, leading to the expulsion of fecal masses after the examination and subsequent symptom relief. The remaining 9 cases were categorized as follows: 5 cases of stenosis due to cancer seeding or invasion into adjacent organs, 3 cases of deformity-induced colonic stenosis caused by diverticula, and 1 case of sigmoid colon prolapse associated with inguinal hernia. Gastrografin is frequently used as an alternative to barium for enteroscopy when there is an obstruction of passage. Its high fluidity allows the contrast medium to flow smoothly, making it effective for advancing through the intestine. Additionally, Gastrografin is highly beneficial as a pretreatment for endoscopy due to its ability to enhance intestinal motility, provide excellent cleansing effects, and maintain transparency. in conclusion, gastrografin enemas are a safe, effective option for diagnosing and managing colorectal obstruction, especially as preparation for emergency colonoscopy. Further studies should evaluate its broader clinical applications.

Formation mechanism of ultrafine α lamellae with high-density dislocations in Ti-5Al-2Sn-2Zr-4Mo-4Cr alloy fabricated by laser powder bed fusion

This study employed laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) to fabricate Ti-5Al-2Sn-2Zr-4Mo-4Cr (Ti17) alloy, and the microstructural characteristics and mechanism of α phase formation were investigated. Results revealed that the as-deposited sample, after undergoing stress relief annealing, exhibited a microstructure characterized by a high volume fraction of ultrafine nanoscale α phases dispersed throughout. Abundant edge dislocations and dislocation loops were observed within the α phase, while dislocations were scarcely detected in the β phase. The formation of ultrafine nanoscale α phases occurs during the subsequent low-temperature stress relief annealing process following additive manufacturing. After stress relieving, the Ti17 sample exhibited a superhigh tensile strength of nearly 1500 MPa.

Affective arousal temporally precedes dissociation in patients with borderline personality disorder: A preliminary experience sampling study.

Affective dysregulation is a core feature of borderline personality disorder (BPD), and some patients report dissociative symptoms. The present study investigated temporal dynamic relations between affective states and current experiences of depersonalization and derealization in daily life to test key theoretical premises of trauma models of dissociation. Patients with BPD (n = 42) or depressive disorders (n = 40), and nonclinical controls (n = 39) were assessed every 15 min for 13 hr within a single day using smartphone-based diaries. As expected, dynamic structural equation modeling results show the highest levels of average daily affective arousal, negative affective valence, and dissociation in the BPD group. As hypothesized, arousal and subsequent dissociation were significantly linked only in the BPD group, implying that momentary arousal above a person's daily average is followed by higher dissociation in the next measurement (∼15 min later). In addition, some patients with BPD reported less negative affective valence following dissociation. Our findings suggest that changes in affective states play an important role at the onset of dissociation in patients with BPD. Subsequent relief from distress may explain maintenance. We recommend that clinicians provide means to regulate affect when dealing with dissociation. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Patterns of glenoid bone loss in revision of anatomic shoulder arthroplasty: the impact of prior glenoid resurfacing

BackgroundHistorically, glenoid resurfacing has been avoided in the young patient due to a perceived risk of early glenoid loosening and destructive bone loss. As a result, many young patients with end-stage arthritis undergo humeral-based hemiarthroplasty with subsequent incomplete pain relief. The aim of this study was to determine the status of glenoid bone stock in patients undergoing revision of a painful hemiarthroplasty versus anatomic total shoulder arthroplasty (aTSA). MethodsUsing an institutional shoulder arthroplasty revision database, all patients undergoing revision for aseptic glenoid-based pain after hemiarthroplasty or glenoid loosening of aTSA were identified. Patient demographics, implant longevity prior to revision, and implanted construct at revision were collected for each patient. Based upon preoperative plain films, computed tomography when available, and intraoperative documentation, the status of the glenoid bone stock was described. ResultsA total of 39 patients (14 aTSA and 25 hemiarthroplasty) met the inclusion criteria. No statistically significant difference in age at the time of index arthroplasty (56.4 vs. 52.4 years; P = .18), age at time of revision (64.5 vs. 59.0 years; P = .07), proportion of males (64.2% vs. 56.0%; P = .74), or longevity of the revised implant (110.9 vs. 79.2 months; P = .08) were identified between the aTSA and hemiarthroplasty cohorts, respectively. Patients undergoing revision of aTSA were more likely to receive a reverse total shoulder arthroplasty at revision (85.7% vs. 48%; P = .04). Peripheral wear alone was noted in 40% (10/25) of hemiarthroplasty revisions and central defect alone was noted in 79% (11/14) of aTSA revisions. Combined defects (central and peripheral bone loss) were noted in three patients undergoing revision of an aTSA (21.4%) and five undergoing revision of a hemiarthroplasty (20%; P = 1.0). The number of cases with medialization at or beyond the coracoid (Kocsis Grade 2; 42.9% vs. 40%) and at or beyond the spinoglenoid notch (Kocsis Grade 3; 14% vs. 12%) was not different between groups (P = 1.0). Structural bone graft or augmented glenoid components were used at the time of revision in 29% (4/14) and 32% (8/25) of failed aTSA and hemiarthroplasty, respectively (P = 1.0). ConclusionDespite variability in the cohorts, this study demonstrates no significant improvement in residual glenoid bone stock by deferring glenoid resurfacing at the time of shoulder arthroplasty. At the time of glenoid-based failure, glenoid resurfacing results in central bone loss while hemiarthroplasty results in peripheral/eccentric bone loss.

Competing Authorities

North American Muslims seeking to resolve their private disputes confront multifaceted access to justice issues. Since Islamic marriage and divorce laws do not always align with North American family legislative schemes, Muslims are burdened with trying to simultaneously meet their obligations toward both legal systems. Unlike secular law, Islamic divorce proceedings require either the husband’s eventual consent or the availability of a Muslim judge. They also prescribe substantive obligations and rights for divorcees that are comparable to corollary relief provided by family law statutes. The absence of religious quasi-judicial dispute resolutions poses barriers to Muslims obtaining a religious divorce or annulment, and to acquiring subsequent relief, such as financial settlements and custody, in accordance with their religious beliefs. To respond to these overlapping barriers, this paper analyzes forms of Islamic legal authority to grant religious divorce or annulment, and to mediate or arbitrate corollary relief using religious law. The paper concludes with recommendations for a holistic framework to settle family disputes in compliance with Islamic law and in a legally enforceable manner.

The Impact of Surface Water Seepage on Seismicity and Rockbursting in Mines

Retrospective analysis of data obtained from long-term monitoring of technogenic seismicity and rockbursts at the Apatitovy Tsirk and the Rasvumchorr Plateau deposits (Russia) showed that there is a significant (by 50% or more) increase in the number of geodynamic events during spring snowmelt periods. An upswing of seismic activity within this rock massif occurs when following conditions are true: water reserve in the snow cover on the deposit area is more than 3 × 108 m3; snowmelt period exceeds 40 days; increase in water ingress rates continues for over 5 days and total water inflow volume exceeds the previous daily measurements by at least a factor of 2. Seismic activity of the massif starts to intensify after the snowmelt develops momentum. Major induced earthquakes occurred in the years when these conditions were met (for example, in 2005 there was a magnitude 2.3 earthquake; in 2009, M = 1.6 earthquake), and more than 1000 seismic events were recorded during the snowmelt period. It has been established that when mining reaches the depths of more than 500 m, seismic events during infiltration of atmospheric precipitation begin to occur from a depth of 100–200 m and are recorded to depths of about 900 m. A possible controlling factor of the seismic activation is the reactivation of tectonic faults, which occurs under conditions of the critically stressed state of the massif, due to a decrease in their normal compression during infiltration. Retrospective analysis of the factors contributing to a strong rockburst (K = 10–11) in 1990 at a bauxite mine in the South Urals shows that prior to this disaster there was an inrush of the Ai River waters into the mine workings through a large tectonic disturbance, which has not been previously taken into account when analyzing the mechanism of this geodynamic event. The intrusion of water into the fault located in the field of regional stresses and subsequent partial relief of its fault plane from normal stresses could have triggered the rockburst with fault-slip mechanism. The study of the relationship between amount of precipitation and the degree of water encroachment into the field, on the one hand, and seismicity, on the other hand, is needed to draw up recommendations on improving geodynamic and environmental safety of mining regions in order to ensure their sustainable development.

Clinical study on the success rate of endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy

Background: Endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR) has advantages like excellent homeostasis, absence of scar, less post operative pain and edema. However, less literature is available on success rate. Aim and objectives: To evaluate the success rate of endoscopic DCR. After 3 months DCR success rate was estimated based on relief perceived by the patient, free flow of saline on syringing through the lower canaliculus and presence of patent stoma visualized on rigid endoscopy. Materials and methods: 25 Epiphora patients underwent anterior rhinoscopy, nasal endoscopy, syringing, CT scan and DCR. They were evaluated for the relief of symptoms at 2 week and 3 month respectively. Results: Mostly 76% females with mean age (females:54.4/Males:59) were present. Symptoms: watering of eyes (100%), swelling (92%) and mucopurulent discharge (68%). Disease on the right side- 40% and left side -56% only 4% were with bilateral disease. On follow up after 3months 96% patients reported symptomatic relief of complaints and 4% had granulations at the neoostium and synechiae between nasal and lacrimal mucosa which were removed and subsequent relief of symptoms and free flow of saline on syringing were seen. Conclusion: Endoscopic DCR is a safe, minimally invasive, surgical procedure with 96% functional success rate.

Nurses' experience of an Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygentation (ECMO) clinical support team during the COVID-19 pandemic: A service evaluation.

BackgroundThe COVID‐19 pandemic placed unprecedented stress on the National Health Service and critical care units including those with Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO) facility as this intervention had proved successful with H1N1 patients in 2009. To successfully care for the influx of ECMO patients, an ECMO clinical support team (ECST) formed by redeployed staff was created to assist critical care nurses.AimThis service evaluation aims to review the experience of critical care nursing staff working with an ECST during the period of increased provision of ECMO care.DesignA UK‐based single‐site qualitative service evaluation was followed.MethodCritical care nursing staff's feedback was anonymously collected using a paper questionnaire designed for this project. Data were analysed using inductive content analysis.FindingsApproximately 40 critical care nurses were invited to complete a questionnaire, 19 (48%) of whom completed it within the available timeframe. A variety of themes were identified including ‘Prior knowledge of ECST’, ‘Management matters’, ‘ECST in action’, ‘ECST response’, ‘Emotions’ and ‘Overall experience of the ECST’. Staff initially reported apprehension regarding a new team and training responsibilities. Following the rollout of the ECST, nurses' accounts described the utilization of the ECST and subsequent stress relief. Feedback commented on the ECST's positive attitude, effective team working with the critical care team and provision of moral support. Nurses' gratitude was strongly conveyed throughout, with many expressing the positive effect of the ECST on staff emotional well‐being.ConclusionThe implementation of the ECST provided clinical and emotional support to nurses. The ECST demonstrated the effective use of redeployed health care staff to support the critical care unit at a time of a significant increase in patients requiring ECMO. This could be used as a model to enhance staffing levels in the event of future viral outbreaks.

‘Strangely Un-warmed’: The absence of emotion in the experience of conversion during the All Scotland Crusade of 1955

Billy Graham was one of the world’s most famous Christian evangelists in the twentieth century. He visited Scotland in 1955 and led a six-week Crusade at the Kelvin Hall in Glasgow. Hundreds of thousands of people attended these rallies, listened to Graham preach and many were converted. Revivalist conversions are important moments in people’s lives that have often provoked powerful emotional responses and found an expression in bodily manifestations. The anguish and subsequent relief, created by revival sermons have frequently induced children, young people, men and women to demonstrate their new birth with physical expressions. This paper will discuss the manner in which Billy Graham discouraged displays of emotion during the All Scotland Crusade. It will examine his book Peace with God and the sermons he preached at the Kelvin Hall in order to determine how he presented conversion as an experience devoid of strong affections. It will further explore why he actively dissuaded people, who attended his Glasgow campaign in 1955, from demonstrative behaviour when they responded to his altar calls.

Khara Dugdha, A Folklore Medicine for Bala Roga in Dasanoor, Chamarajanagara, Mysore Dist- A Survey

The ideas and principles that folklore put forth are almost analogous with Ayurvedic principles. Folklore medicine is probably the most important and well-acclaimed component of the cultural heritage of the nation. It can reflect the essentials of a nation’s cultural attributes as in a mirror and is recognized as a basis of its cultural and social identity. Diseases and calamities play significant role in the lives of human being and it has been the endeavour of mankind to protect themselves from diseases, aliments, plagues, infections and other distresses. The tribes and villagers of India have very pronounced systems of prevention and cure. Many of these tribes have in their treasures some secret medical cures and practices acquired over a period of experimentation based on trial and error and form the part of the collective wisdom of the community. Such a place named Dasanoor near Chamrajanagar, Mysore District, Karnataka holds the history of using Kharadugdha in Balaroga. An attempt has been made here to know the effect of Kharadugdha in Balaroga in the form of a survey study. A survey has been carried out with 30 children visiting Dasanoor from different parts of Mysore, Chamrajanagar and surrounding places. A questionnaire format with 10 questions was framed to enquire parents regarding their visit and the subsequent benefits or relief obtained thereby. As Kharadugdha is mentioned to have Balya, Stairakara, Vatahara properties and hence works as Ojaskara and prevent disorders in children. Among the Samanyalakshana of Dugdha Manaskara has been mentioned, it has been commented as Ojaskara by Acharya Chakrapani. Thus an effort was made to assess it with available folklore practice at Dasanoor. It was observed that children, after getting 15ml of Kharadugdha was relived from the reason of their visit like crying, cough etc within 1 or 2 days. As per the survey carried out and from the Samhitas it can be concluded that effect of the Kharadugdha in Balaroga is beneficial by Balya, Stairyakara, Ojaskara and Manaskara effect.

Topical Cyclosporine-A for Management of Epiphora in Eyes with Acquired Punctal Stenosis

Background: Cyclosporine A (CsA) is an inhibitor of calcineurin that prevents T-cell production of inflammatory cytokines and disrupts the immune-mediated inflammatory response that plays a crucial mechanism in punctal stenosis. Purpose: To evaluate the clinical outcomes and tolerances of CsA in treating epiphora in eyes with punctal stenosis. Study Design: Prospective study. Methods: The study included patients who presented with symptomatic epiphora associated with lower punctal stenosis during the period between July 2019 and December 2020. Patients were treated with topical 0.05% CsA on twice daily dose with topical preservative-free artificial tears Q.I. D. Patients were followed up monthly for at least 3 months by Munk epiphora grading, Fluorescein dye disappearance test (FDT) and evaluation of the patient satisfaction. Results: A total of 26 patients with 47 eyes were included in the study with a mean age of 55.1 ± 10.24 years. All the eyes had grade 0 lower punctal stenosis with grade 4 on Munk grading and grade 3 in FDT. There was a statistically significant difference in the Munk grading and FDT along the follow-up period compared to the baseline values (p rd month. None of the patients encountered any complications during treatment. Conclusion: CsA can control the inflammation of the conjunctival sac and restore the integrity of the ocular surface with subsequent symptomatic relief of the epiphora in eyes with punctal stenosis.