Subscription Fees Research Articles

Comparison of Media Company Performance Efficiency Based on the Search Engine’s Method of Providing News Content (External Links vs. Internal Links)

The conflict between the search engine and the news media industries has become a fierce dispute. News media companies produce news content and receive advertising and subscription fees, however, search engines that select and place content that they did not create themselves do not pay copyright fees, depending on the situation. We focused on search engines that use two hyperlink methods (external links vs. internal links) to deliver news content to consumers and analyzed how the two hyperlink methods affect the technical efficiency of media companies. Still, there have been few empirical studies on the performance efficiency of news media companies depending on how search engines provide news content. Analyzing by meta-frontier production function, the result shows when news services are provided through internal links, media companies are strongly constrained under the influence of search engines regardless of the companies’ size, financial status, and reputation. However, if a media company can provide a suitable user interface and high-quality content to consumers, the external link strategy can be competitive with the internal link strategy. The result of this study can be a starting point for resolving conflicts between search engines and the media industry.

‘The rules of the game’: How business research journals discourage knowledge translation to practice and what needs to change

What makes business research seemingly irrelevant outside of the closed circle of academia? This question has been discussed and debated in various forms in academic circles. Concerns such as increased relevance, access, and better communication are routinely touted as the way forward. However, these recommendations are often targeted towards researchers rather than academic journals which have strict publishing requirements. This research explores the role of academic business journals, the key means of communication between research and practice, in contributing to the research-practice divide and, hence, research irrelevance. We analysed the journal requirements and guidelines for authors of top-rated business journals from research areas including management, marketing, accounting and finance and tourism. Factors related to article structure, content, writing style, focus on theoretical and practical implications, journal subscription methods and fees, as well as journal primary target audiences and contributors, were analysed and qualitatively coded. Our analysis suggests that journal guidelines and requirements inhibit research communication to practice and, hence, contribute to business research irrelevance. We provide various recommendations as a way forward to improve the ‘rules of the game’, and develop a publishing model that will allow business research to contribute to the challenges facing our planet, societies and businesses.

Leveraging Digital Tools for Health Communication and Promotion

Globally, one-third of the world’s population has difficulty searching, comprehending, and using information needed to maintain health and well-being (Van den Broucke, 2020). Empowering people to learn and practice healthy behaviors and engage in self-care is at the core of health promotion (Van den Broucke, 2020). Appropriate health communication has been vital during the COVID-19 pandemic. The pandemic impact can be alleviated by promoting healthy behaviors while using appropriate tools to publicize information in easily understood language by the public. Most health information is accessed online so digital health communication and promotion is important. Numerous digital tools are available. Electronic mail (email) is a powerful tool to engage with various audiences using electronic devices. Worldwide 3.9 billion people use email, spending up to five hours daily to check work and personal emails (SlideShare, 2019) (Statista, 2021). Emails are cost effective and directly connect the intended audience with personalized content. MailChimp is a digital tool that the Institute for Population Health (IPH), Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar uses to disseminate credible information via email to create awareness about health-related topics. MailChimp is convenient to use with in-built templates to create visually appealing content along with the option to add unique links as required. Embedding useful links and eye-catching visuals attracts consumers to read and learn from the content. MailChimp also hosts the audience database, manages audience preferences, and facilitates scheduling/sending the newsletters. For example, the IPH ‘Stay Safe, Stay Healthy’ newsletter created on MailChimp, focuses on topics relevant to COVID-19, health, and well-being. The newsletters guide the public to navigate, and access trusted/reputable sources to adopt lifestyles appropriate for optimum health and well-being. They provide information in simple language using appealing and culturally appropriate visuals and communicate new or updated evidence as necessary. The newsletter email campaigns have garnered 111,789 opens (total times the campaign was opened by recipients) and 28,507 clicks (total times any tracked link was clicked) from March 2020-2022 (MailChimp, 2022). Reliable, evidence-based, and well-crafted health communication can facilitate behavior change, dispel fear and uncertainty, promote compliance with positive health behaviors, and disseminate reliable and succinct information (Finset, 2020). It can also help alleviate stress and feelings of ‘overwhelm’ when confronted with information overload online (Van den Broucke, 2020). Most digital tools such as MailChimp are accessible via a paid subscription. Subscription fees could be a deterrent to their use. Nevertheless, digital tools like MailChimp are an effective means to optimize emails and can contribute to health promotion by facilitating the dissemination of health-related information via email, in a timely, efficient, and effective manner.

Preference and usage pattern of mobile medical apps for drug information purposes among hospital pharmacists in Sarawak, Malaysia

IntroductionPharmacists are frequent users of mobile medical apps (MMA) for drug information (DI) and clinical decision-making purposes. However, the wide range of available MMA may be of variable credibility and results in heterogeneous recommendations. The need for subscription may also influence choice of apps.ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to determine the usage pattern of MMA among hospital pharmacists, including their perceptions and factors affecting their choice of apps.MethodsThis cross-sectional study required respondents to fill in an online questionnaire. The questionnaire included sections on respondents' demographic data, MMA usage pattern, perceived usefulness and opinion on subscription fees. Items were adapted from available literature and validated locally. It was made accessible for 6 weeks starting November 2019 for all pharmacists working in the 23 public hospitals in Sarawak to response (universal sampling). Collected data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics.ResultsA response rate of 37.2% was achieved (n = 162). Respondents were heavily reliant on MMA, with 78.4% accessing them multiple times daily. The majority also agreed that MMA contain correct and up-to-date information. A median of 5 apps were downloaded, suggesting an ultimate app catering for all DI needs was lacking. The Malaysian Drug Formulary was the most downloaded app (88.3%), whereas Lexicomp® was the most “well-rounded” in terms of functionality. Clinical pharmacists were significantly more likely to purchase MMA, in particular UpToDate® (p < 0.01) due to their need to access clinical updates. Respondents highly recommended institutional access for either UpToDate® or Lexicomp® be made available. Pre-registration pharmacists should be guided on judicious MMA usage, as they downloaded significantly more apps and were more likely to indicate not knowing which DI recommendation to follow (both p < 0.01).ConclusionMMA has become an indispensable tool for hospital pharmacists, however there was a tendency to download multiple apps for DI needs. Institutional access can be considered for credible apps identified to ensure accuracy and uniformity of DI recommendations, with purchase decision made after surveying the needs and preferences of end users.

An Inexpensive Open-Source Chamber for Controlled Hypoxia/Hyperoxia Exposure.

Understanding hypoxia/hyperoxia exposure requires either a high-altitude research facility or a chamber in which gas concentrations are precisely and reproducibly controlled. Hypoxia-induced conditions such as hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE), obstructive or central apneas, and ischemic stroke present unique challenges for the development of models with acute or chronic hypoxia exposure. Many murine models exist to study these conditions; however, there are a variety of different hypoxia exposure protocols used across laboratories. Experimental equipment for hypoxia exposure typically includes flow regulators, nitrogen concentrators, and premix oxygen/nitrogen tanks. Commercial hypoxia/hyperoxia chambers with environmental monitoring are incredibly expensive and require proprietary software with subscription fees or highly expensive software licenses. Limitations exist in these systems as most are single animal systems and not designed for extended or intermittent hypoxia exposure. We have developed a simple hypoxia chamber with off-the-shelf components, and controlled by open-source software for continuous data acquisition of oxygen levels and other environmental factors (temperature, humidity, pressure, light, sound, etc.). Our chamber can accommodate up to two mouse cages and one rat cage at any oxygen level needed, when using a nitrogen concentrator or premixed oxygen/nitrogen tank with a flow regulator, but is also scalable. Our system uses a Python-based script to save data in a text file using modules from the sensor vendor. We utilized Python or R scripts for data analysis, and we have provided examples of data analysis scripts and acquired data for extended exposure periods (≤7 days). By using FLOS (Free-Libre and open-source) software and hardware, we have developed a low-cost and customizable system that can be used for a variety of exposure protocols. This hypoxia/hyperoxia exposure chamber allows for reproducible and transparent data acquisition and increased consistency with a high degree of customization for each experimenter’s needs.

Preferences and User Experiences of Wearable Devices in Epilepsy: A Systematic Review and Mixed-Methods Synthesis.

To examine the preferences and user experiences of people with epilepsy and caregivers regarding automated wearable seizure detection devices. We performed a mixed-methods systematic review. We searched electronic databases for original peer-reviewed publications between January 1, 2000, and May 26, 2021. Key search terms included "epilepsy," "seizure," "wearable," and "non-invasive." We performed a descriptive and qualitative thematic analysis of the studies included according to the technology acceptance model. Full texts of the discussion sections were further analyzed to identify word frequency and word mapping. Twenty-two observational studies were identified. Collectively, they comprised responses from 3,299 participants including patients with epilepsy, caregivers, and healthcare workers. Sixteen studies examined user preferences, 5 examined user experiences, and 1 examined both experiences and preferences. Important preferences for wearables included improving care, cost, accuracy, and design. Patients desired real-time detection with a latency of ≤15 minutes from seizure occurrence, along with high sensitivity (≥90%) and low false alarm rates. Device-related costs were a major factor for device acceptance, where device costs of &lt;$300 USD and a monthly subscription fee of &lt;$20 USD were preferred. Despite being a major driver of wearable-based technologies, sudden unexpected death in epilepsy was rarely discussed. Among studies evaluating user experiences, there was a greater acceptance toward wristwatches. Thematic coding analysis showed that attitudes toward device use and perceived usefulness were reported consistently. Word mapping identified "specificity," "cost," and "battery" as key single terms and "battery life," "insurance coverage," "prediction/detection quality," and the effect of devices on "daily life" as key bigrams. User acceptance of wearable technology for seizure detection was strongly influenced by accuracy, design, comfort, and cost. Our findings emphasize the need for standardized and validated tools to comprehensively examine preferences and user experiences of wearable devices in this population using the themes identified in this study. Greater efforts to incorporate perspectives and user experiences in developing wearables for seizure detection, particularly in community-based settings, are needed. PROSPERO Registration CRD42020193565.

Publication and accessibility of results of controlled trials in dairy science

Research allows for the discovery of new knowledge and is integral to evidence-based decision-making. However, research is only useful if it is available. The aim of this study was to explore publication and accessibility of full-text reports for controlled trials (experimental studies) conducted in dairy cattle. We determined the proportion of controlled trials presented as abstracts at the 2015 Joint Annual Meeting of the American Dairy Science Association and the American Society of Animal Science or the 2015 American Association of Bovine Practitioners Annual Conference that were subsequently published. Factors associated with publication or non-publication in a peer-reviewed journal were evaluated using risk ratios. For trials that were subsequently published, we compared the sample size, numerical results, and inference between the conference abstract and the subsequent publication. Approximately half of the trials (177 out of 380) reported at conferences were subsequently published. Source conference, whether the conference abstract results were described as preliminary, whether there was at least one positive outcome, author affiliation, whether the trial involved deliberate disease induction, and total sample size were not strongly associated with subsequent publication. For trials that were published, the sample size differed between the conference proceedings and full publications for 22%, the numerical results differed in 29%, and the inference differed for 11%. We also evaluated whether trials included in 9 recent systematic reviews were in English and were available without subscription or cost. Of the 390 trials included in recent systematic reviews, approximately 40% were available only through subscription or access fee. These results suggest that publication and accessibility of research results is suboptimal, representing an area of wastage in dairy cattle research. Researchers should ensure that they publish the results of trials comprehensively in searchable publications, even if the results are not novel or do not detect expected differences, and, when possible, make the results available freely.

Barriers and Facilitators of Implementing Automated Radiotherapy Planning: A Multisite Survey of Low- and Middle-Income Country Radiation Oncology Providers.

PURPOSEGlobal access to radiotherapy (RT) is inequitable, with obstacles to implementing modern technologies in low- and middle- income countries (LMICs). The Radiation Planning Assistant (RPA) is a web-based automated RT planning software package intended to increase accessibility of high-quality RT planning. We surveyed LMIC RT providers to identify barriers and facilitators of future RPA deployment and uptake.METHODSRT providers underwent a pilot RPA teaching session in sub-Saharan Africa (Botswana, South Africa, and Tanzania) and Central America (Guatemala). Thirty providers (30 of 33, 90.9% response rate) participated in a postsession survey.RESULTSRespondents included physicians (n = 10, 33%), physicists (n = 9, 30%), dosimetrists (n = 8, 27%), residents/registrars (n = 1, 3.3%), radiation therapists (n = 1, 3.3%), and administrators (n = 1, 3.3%). Overall, 86.7% expressed interest in RPA; more respondents expected that RPA would be usable in 2 years (80%) compared with now (60%). Anticipated barriers were lack of reliable internet (80%), potential subscription fees (60%), and need for functionality in additional disease sites (48%). Expected facilitators included decreased workload (80%), decreased planning time (72%), and ability to treat more patients (64%). Forty-four percent anticipated that RPA would help transition from 2-dimensional to 3-dimensional techniques and 48% from 3-dimensional to intensity-modulated radiation treatment. Of a maximum acceptability/feasibility score of 60, physicians (45.6, standard deviation [SD] = 7.5) and dosimetrists (44.3, SD = 9.1) had lower scores than the mean for all respondents (48.3, SD = 7.7) although variation in scores by roles was not significantly different (P = .21).CONCLUSIONThese data provide an early assessment and create an initial framework to identify stakeholder needs and establish priorities to address barriers and promote facilitators of RPA deployment and uptake across global sites, as well as to tailor to needs in LMICs.

Priceless data: why the EU fundamental right to data protection is at odds with trade in personal data

Many free online services, including search engines and social media, use business models based on the collecting and processing of personal data of its users. The user data are analysed, leased or sold to generate profits. Basically, the users are not paying for the services with subscription fees or any kind of monetary payment, but with their personal data. In this paper, we argue that these business models, treating personal data as a commodity, are problematic under EU data protection law, which disqualifies personal data as a commodity. Both under the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights and the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), the legal rights to data protection are inalienable. This is at odds with the actual trade in personal data in the data economy, since the ‘payment’ cannot be a transfer of ownership of personal data. It could be argued that the ‘payment’ is not a transfer of ownership of personal data, but rather a transfer of personal data rights, i.e., granting a right to collect and process the data. However, even from that perspective, users would retain inalienable rights to stop or restrict the data processing, as the GDPR does not allow mandating data subject rights to others. Because the legal basis for the processing of personal data is often consent, people can invoke their data subject rights (and thus withdraw their ‘payment’) at any time and at will after having received (access to) online services. This causes considerable legal uncertainty in transactions, particularly on the side of data controllers, and may not contribute to the EU's envisioned data economy.

Open Access Monitor Germany: Best Practice in Providing Metrics for Analysis and Decision-Making

In light of the ongoing transformation of scholarly publishing toward open access, libraries need data-based tools that enable them to make decisions that respond to the challenges posed by this shift. Tasks such as collection development, applications for funding, or consulting researchers on publication venues require a solid base of data, which is not always easily available to librarians. Funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF), the Open Access Monitor Germany (OAM) aims to provide libraries, funders, and researchers with a freely available tool that presents data on publications and citations for analysis. The OAM records the publication output of German academic institutions in scientific journals. Through analyses of subscription fees and (open access) publication fees, it helps to monitor and support the transition of the publishing system toward an open access system. To this end, data from existing sources are collated within an expanded database, made available to users in an open interface, and disseminated by means of scientific publications. The OAM draws on sources such as Unpaywall, Dimensions, Web of Science, Scopus, and OpenAPC. Unpaywall is used as a central data source for publication metadata including open access availability; this data is then matched with Crossref data for journal-level metadata and finally with Dimensions, Web of Science and Scopus data for affiliations and citation data. The connection to OpenAPC provides data on publication costs for each participating institution. The interface https://open-access-monitor.de/publications presents users with a wide range of filters that can be used to customize the underlying data in line with specific needs. Users can switch between Dimensions, Web of Science and Scopus affiliations and make use of different analysis types including publication analyses, cost analyses, and citation analyses. Results are presented as tables as well as charts and can be downloaded for further use. In the future, additional data sources including subscriptions to scientific journals and subscription payments will be integrated to allow the shift in payment flows in the changing publication market to be observed. The integration of data from the electronic resource management system LAS:eR has already been initiated and will soon be completed. Moreover, interfaces will be created to connect the Alma and FOLIO systems. Together with data on publication costs, this will provide participating institutions with easily accessible overview of their total costs, thus enabling them to calculate an integrated budget for subscriptions and publications. Institutions using the OAM are advised with regard to analyzing data and technically integrating the OAM into their own applications. Small and medium-sized publishers from German-speaking countries are supported in the negotiation of transformation contracts by means of data from the OAM. The OAM project team also conducts studies that address a number of scientific issues, for example the impact of open access on scientific networks and the role of open access in the field of monographs. The relationship between open access and the citation rates of published works is another possible research area that can be addressed with the help of the OAM.

THE CONSTRUCTION AND PERFORMANCE ENHANCEMENTS OF ULTRA HIGH-FREQUENCY RANGE FOR THE INDOOR AND OUTDOOR ANTENNAS IN BUILT-IN COMMUNICATION NETWORKS

Digital terrestrial television is a good budget alternative to satellite TV. Its main advantages are excellent image and sound quality and no subscription fees. There is a set-top box (receiver) and antenna for digital TV in smart homes, and a great picture on any TV is guaranteed. The accurate picture is achieved due to a different quality signal transmission system than analogue TV. The digital signal is not subject to interference and interference and depends very little on the distance to the transmitter. The proposed antenna design provides enhancements to the Ultra High Frequency (UHF) range for indoor and outdoor antennas. There are indoor and outdoor antennas for the home and Dutch, respectively, where the antenna is installed. They are divided into active and passive depending on the presence of a built-in signal amplifier operating from the network. If the cable is long, the signal attenuation will be strong, which is very important for receiving meter waves unlike UHF, for which the length of the wire is also important, but not so much.

The Effects of Introducing Advertising in Pay TV: A Model of Asymmetric Competition between Pay TV and Free TV

AbstractThe television broadcasting industry is of crucial economic and social importance. Traditionally, this industry has been dominated by free-to-air TV (FTV) but due to technological progress, subscription-based pay TV (PTV) has emerged as a competing business model. A key question for the PTV broadcasters is whether to air commercials in addition to charging subscription fees. Based on a theoretical model of asymmetric competition between a PTV and an FTV broadcaster, we examine the effects of placing PTV advertising on broadcaster market strategies, viewer demands, broadcaster profits and consumer surplus. We find that introducing advertising on PTV can induce a higher viewer demand on this channel but a lower viewer demand on the FTV channel. Surprisingly, consumers can benefit through the introduction of advertising in PTV and broadcaster profits can increase if the viewer disutility of advertising is sufficiently large. Our study provides an analytical framework for choosing and implementing an optimal PTV strategy when an FTV competitor preexists in the market. Furthermore, our study derives implications for policymakers and regulatory authorities by showing that additional PTV advertising is not necessarily socially undesirable due to the strategic market reactions.

Revenue-Sharing Allocation Strategies for Two-Sided Media Platforms: Pro-Rata vs. User-Centric

We consider a two-sided streaming service platform that generates revenues by charging users a subscription fee for unlimited access to the content and compensates content providers (artists) through a revenue-sharing allocation rule. Platform users are heterogeneous in both their overall consumption and the distribution of their consumption over different artists. We study two primary revenue allocation rules used by market-leading music streaming platforms—pro-rata and user-centric. With pro-rata, artists are paid proportionally to their share of the overall streaming volume, whereas with user-centric, each user’s subscription fee is divided proportionally among artists based on the consumption of that user. We characterize when these two allocation rules can sustain a set of artists on the platform and compare them from both the platform’s and the artists’ perspectives. In particular, we show that, despite the cross-subsidization between low- and high-streaming-volume users, the pro-rata rule can be preferred by both the platform and the artists. Furthermore, the platform’s problem of selecting an optimal portfolio of artists is NP-complete. However, by establishing connections to the knapsack problem, we develop a polynomial time approximation scheme (PTAS) for the optimal platform’s profit. In addition to determining the platform’s optimal revenue allocation rule in the class of pro-rata and user-centric rules, we consider the optimal revenue allocation rule in the class of arbitrary rules. Building on duality theory, we develop a polynomial time algorithm that outputs a set of artists so that the platform’s profit is within a single artist’s revenue from the optimal profit. This paper was accepted by Gabriel Weintraub, revenue management and market analytics. Supplemental Material: The online appendices are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2022.4307 .

Changes in article share and growth by publisher and access type in Journal Citation Reports 2016, 2018, and 2020

Purpose: This study explored changes in the journal publishing market by publisher and access type using the major journals that publish about 95% of Journal Citation Reports (JCR) articles.Methods: From JCR 2016, 2018, and 2020, a unique journal list by publisher was created in Excel and used to analyze the compound annual growth rate by pivot tables. In total, 10,953 major JCR journals were analyzed, focusing on publisher type, open access (OA) status, and mega journals (publishing over 1,000 articles per year).Results: Among the 19 publishers that published over 10,000 articles per year, in JCR 2020, six large publishers published 59.6% of the articles and 13 publishers 22.5%. The other publishers published 17.9%. Large and OA publishers increased their article share through leading mega journals, but the remaining publishers showed the opposite tendency. In JCR 2020, mega journals had a 26.5% article share and an excellent distribution in terms of the Journal Impact Factor quartile. Despite the high growth (22.6%) and share (26.0%) of OA articles, the natural growth of non-OA articles (7.3%) and total articles (10.7%) caused a rise in journal subscription fees. Articles, citations, the impact factor, and the immediacy index all increased gradually, and the compound annual growth rate of the average immediacy index was almost double than that of the average impact factor in JCR 2020.Conclusion: The influence of OA publishers has grown under the dominance of large publishers, and mega journals may substantially change the journal market. Journal stakeholders should pay attention to these changes.

The emergence of streaming and its impact on pricing and product strategies of content providers

We investigate how an established content provider with a digital store responds to emerging streaming technology. Under certain circumstances, the provider may need to lower the sale price of his downloads to encourage consumers to learn their preferences through streaming. When competing against a rival streaming service, if the provider can sufficiently differentiate his service, the provider should operate in the streaming market and charge a higher subscription fee for his services. We also consider an environment in which the provider abandons the sale of content and competes in streaming and find that the pricing strategies change.

Partner with a Third-Party Delivery Service or Not? A Prediction-and-Decision Tool for Restaurants Facing Takeout Demand Surges During a Pandemic

Amidst the COVID-19 pandemic, restaurants become more reliant on no-contact pick-up or delivery ways for serving customers. As a result, they need to make tactical planning decisions such as whether to partner with online platforms, to form their own delivery team, or both. In this paper, we develop an integrated prediction-decision model to analyze the profit of combining the two approaches and to decide the needed number of drivers under stochastic demand. We first use the susceptible-infected-recovered (SIR) model to forecast future infected cases in a given region and then construct an autoregressive-moving-average (ARMA) regression model to predict food-ordering demand. Using predicted demand samples, we formulate a stochastic integer program to optimize food delivery plans. We conduct numerical studies using COVID-19 data and food-ordering demand data collected from local restaurants in Nuevo Leon, Mexico, from April to October 2020, to show results for helping restaurants build contingency plans under rapid market changes. Our method can be used under unexpected demand surges, various infection/vaccination status, and demand patterns. Our results show that a restaurant can benefit from partnering with third-party delivery platforms when (i) the subscription fee is low, (ii) customers can flexibly decide whether to order from platforms or from restaurants directly, (iii) customers require more efficient delivery, (iv) average delivery distance is long, or (v) demand variance is high.

Analysis of MaaS membership attributes: an agent-based approach

Mobility-as-a-service (MaaS) provides a bundle of mobility services under one plan subscription, allowing its customers to travel on a seamless multimodal system. It is envisioned that MaaS will foster more sustainable mobility, but its expected impact is still unknown, since no MaaS system has been deployed in practice, if not in few pilots. This study aims to identify potential MaaS members attributes applying an agent-based modelling approach including MaaS as alternative for the agents. In particular, we simulate a MaaS system configuration in the city of Berlin, giving accessibility to a basic MaaS plan characterized by a daily subscription fee payment. We evaluate 5 different ranges of MaaS plan price scenarios. For comparison, we simulate a Pay-as-you-go configuration, considering specific trip-based costs per each mobility service and considering the total cost of car ownership in the daily agents’ score function. Results generally show a general modal shift from walk, bike and car to MaaS services. Expectedly, the number of MaaS customers decreases as the MaaS price rises. Former public transport and free-floating car-sharing users represent the main potential MaaS customers, as they are the users who employ MaaS services for the longest time during the day. Moreover, car trips have been substituted more than 40% by public transport in MaaS scenarios suggesting that MaaS could have an overall positive impact on the environment.

The FASEB Journal announces new streamlined pricing effective January 1, 2022

<i>The FASEB Journal</i> announces new streamlined pricing effective January 1, 2022

Selection of Video on Demand Service Applications for Students Using TOPSIS

Video on Demand service is getting popular for people to watch film or drama recently. Various streaming applications with different services and characteristics can be chosen by people. Students, as the largest consumers of film and drama industry, have various factors to be considered in choosing alternatives to these streaming services. This study aims to enable users, namely students, to choose the best alternative among various choices of streaming service applications by consider several factors at once. TOPSIS method (Technique for Others Reference by Similarity to Ideal Solution) is used in this research to rank streaming service applications according to user preferences. The criteria considered by users are subscription fees, variety of film and drama choices, application views, and services provided. Data collection was carried out by distributing questionnaires to 50 student respondents regarding the criteria and alternatives. The results of TOPSIS analysis showed that students prefer Viu application as the best choice for watching films and dramas. The second to forth rankings are iflix, Netflix, and WeTV, respectively.

Drama Korea Dan Penggunaan Media Ilegal Di Kalangan Remaja

The purpose of this study was to find out how the Korean drama phenomenon to the use of illegal media among Indonesian teenagers. The study used a qualitative approach by using the methods of collecting observations, interviews, and literature review. Korean dramas are the belle of Korean Wave products that have been loved by Indonesian teenagers since the 2000s. The emergence of streaming media and downloading Korean dramas such as Netflix, Viu, and Iflix is evidence of the rapid development of digitalization technology. The limitations of legal media that are difficult to access by all circles of society make teenagers look for alternative ways to still be able to watch their favorite Korean dramas, namely through streaming media and illegal downloads. A media is said to be illegal when the platform circulates a film product without the knowledge of the producer or an official contract. The factors that encourage teenagers to access illegal media as a means of watching Korean dramas are; (1) without subscription fees, (2) freedom in accessing content, (3) habits or habits, (4) internet network access. In addition to the legal sanctions already listed in Law no. 28 of 2014 concerning Copyright, various impacts are caused when teenagers misuse illegal media, such as: the user's device will be exposed to viruses, the leaking of user's personal data, and several other terrible things.