SIM Card Research Articles

Overview of 4G, 5G radio spectrum spectrum in the world and Kazakhstan

AnnotationMobile operators support data transfer on 2G (GRPS, EDGE), 3G (EV-DO, HSPA) networks. In some regions, data services are provided on WiMax networks. In 2012 ALTEL launched 4GLTE data distribution network. GSM standard in Kazakhstan has started to decline in mobile communication revenue since its first launch in 2013. By the end of 2015, they totaled 19% to 249 bln. tenge. In February 2016, income from voice communications was less than the revenue from Internet access services. Mobile communication in Kazakhstan is carried out in GSM (900, 1800) and UMTS (900, 2100) formats. In 2012 the mobile accessibility index was 120%. Mobile accessibility in Kazakhstan in 2015 will increase by 185%, to 31 mln. SIM card is already registered. More than 35% of these SIM cards (11 million) are Internet access. GSM and UMTS mobile operators are: Kcell and Activ trademarks are owned by Kcell (GSM Kazakhstan OJSC JSC Kazakhtelecom OJSC until 2012) (controlling interest is owned by TeliaSonera, acquired by Kazakhtelecom JSC,% Scandinavian-Turkish holding of FinTur 47); Altel JSC (owned by Kazakhtelecom JSC), ALTEL 4G GSM + LTE (the share of the company in the mobile market is 3.6% (December 2012). Altel JSC - First national mobile operator of the Republic of Kazakhstan [1]. “Kar-Tel” LLP (subsidiary of Russian holding Vympel-Communications) and “Beeline Business” (previously K-Mobile)); Mobile Telecom-Service LLP (former Neo) with Tele2 trademark. Kcell (KCEL) is a mobile operator GSM900, GSM1800, UMTS / WCDMA (2100 MHz), LTE / 4G, LTE Advanced (700/800 MHz and 1700/1800 MHz). “Activ” and “Kcell” brands. In 2018, KazakhTlecom acquired the shares.

Crowdsensing-Based Cross-Operator Switch in Rail Transit Systems

Rail transit systems are important parts of modern cities such as the urban subways and intercity trains. During the travelling time, many passengers access the networks via cellular communications for working or entertainment. However, intermittent connection of LTE signals usually decreases the user experiences, especially due to the poor LTE link quality of underground subways. On the other hand, we observe that there are usually multiple cellular operators covering a city. For example, AT&T and T-Mobile in American cities, China Mobile and China Unicom in Chinese cities. Based on the different eNodeB distributions of different operators, we propose to study a new problem cross-operator switch . Unlike the handover between eNodeBs from one operator, cross-operator switch can switch to an eNodeB belonging to other operators. Although current mobile phones support dual SIM cards and Android supports the quick swap between two cards, it is still challenging to determine which eNodeB to switch because of no information exchange between different operators. To address this challenge, we propose a robust Crowdsensing based Switch (CrowdSwitch) solution dedicated for rail transit systems. CrowdSwitch utilizes mass mobile devices of passengers to sense and collect LTE signals along subway tracks, builds the signal heat map (S-Map) in the cloud servers, and finally recommends the optimal switch taking advantages of the known tracks. We implement CrowdSwitch in off-the-shelf mobile phones and conduct extensive experiments on Shanghai Metro. The results show that CrowdSwitch can depict the accurate LTE distribution and always recommend the optimal operator for users to connect.

Transparency of SIM profiles for the consumer remote SIM provisioning protocol

In mobile communication, User Equipment (UE) authenticates a subscriber to a Mobile Network Operator (MNO) using credentials from the MNO specified SIM profile that is securely stored inside the SIM card. Traditionally, a change in a subscriber’s SIM profile, such as a change in a subscription, requires replacement of the physical SIM card. To address this shortcoming, the GSM Association (GSMA) has specified the consumer Remote SIM Provisioning (RSP) protocol. The protocol enables remote provisioning of SIM profiles from a server to SIM cards, also known as the embedded Universal Integrated Circuit Card (eUICC). In RSP, any GSMA-certified server is trusted by all eUICCs, and consequently any server can provision SIM profiles to all eUICCs, even those not originating from the MNO associated with the GSMA-certified RSP server. Consequently, an attacker, by compromising a server, can clone a genuine SIM profile and provision it to other eUICCs. To address this security problem, we present SIM Profile Transparency Protocol (SPTP) to detect malicious provisioning of SIM profiles. SPTP assures to the eUICC and the MNO that all SIM provisioning actions—both approved and unapproved—leave a permanent, non-repudiatable trail. We evaluate security guarantees provided by SPTP using a formal model, implement a prototype for SPTP, and evaluate the prototype against a set of practical requirements.

Recovery of copper oxide nanoparticles from waste SIM cards for supercapacitor electrode material

The advanced developments of supercapacitors are of great significance to meet the growing demands of portable electronic products. The current work describes the supercapacitive behavior of copper oxide nanoparticles recovered from waste SIM cards via one-pot green recovery route. The as-recovered copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) were characterized by spectral and analytical tools. In view of the potentiality of CuO in wide technological applications, the recovered CuO NPs were examined for their supercapacitive behavior. Typical pseudocapacitive behavior was noticed for the recovered CuO NPs with the specific capacitance of 542 Fg-1 at the current density of 1 Ag-1 by Galvanostatic Charge-Discharge (GCD) studies. The cyclic stability of CuO electrode material was obtained with 95.3% retention in specific capacitance even after 5000 GCD cycles. Moreover, Electrochemical impedance spectral (EIS) analysis revealed lower Equivalent series resistance (ESR) value, excellent rate and good reversibility response of CuO electrode. The prominent electrochemical properties of CuO NPs electrode proved its viable applicability for high performance supercapacitors.

Smart Band – an Integrated Device for Emergency Management

In the event of a kidnapping or a medical emergency, a person is often incapacitated to be able to call for help. And it’s usually too late before the first responders arrive on-scene. Currently, a vast array of ‘safety’ devices available in the market are often far too rudimentary such as double tapping the power button that isn’t very practical, or an app on a smart watch that is a huge investment in the first place. The Smart Band aims to eliminate the need for a physical trigger by the person who finds himself in dangerous situations like kidnapping, front-facing some wild animal, heart attack, etc., and rather senses the heartbeat. The Smart Band is designed as a personalized wearable device, wherein the user heart beat rate is collected and trained using machine learning algorithm, which triggers the alert system automatically when the event is identified. Hence the accuracy of assessing emergency situation will be high and false rate will be reduced. As soon as the event is detected, the band relays GPS coordinates to first responders and emergency contacts, which will be sent via the Network Carrier (SIM card module) directly from the band, not relying on a mobile phone, which is usually out of reach during such emergency situations. In essence, the Smart Band consists of a GPS tracker, a heartbeat sensor, a Network module, and a Bluetooth module, all existing technologies which have been mass produced to an extent that the end product can be made affordable, and in huge quantities as well. On further development the smart band can be customized to a finely wearable jewel which can serve the purpose autonomously.

Symmetric key based 5G AKA authentication protocol satisfying anonymity and unlinkability

The recently standardised 5G AKA protocol, to be used in the next generation of mobile communications, possesses some severe shortcomings. In particular, different types of attacks, leaking parts of the identity, activity pattern and localisation of the user, have been proposed in literature.In this paper, we propose a new version of the 5G AKA protocol, capable of offering resistance to all the known attacks and providing the required security features like anonymity, unlinkability, mutual authentication and confidentiality. The proposed protocol is completely symmetric key based and relies on cryptographic primitives currently available in the hardware of the universal subscriber identity module (USIM). Compared to the original protocol or other recently proposed versions, our protocol does not require the usage of public key encryption for hiding the real identity. Also the number of communication phases in the protocol is optimised and limited to two. The security of the protocol has been demonstrated using RUBIN logic.

Application of 4G IOT Card in Automatic Weather Station

The “Industry Application Card” (an SIM card of the 2G dedicated line network) for the automatic transmission of weather station data widely used by the meteorological department of Liaoning Province had been strictly investigated, and it was found that the “Industry Application Card” supports the access between the public network and the private network, and allows text messages to be sent to the “civil SIM card” of the public network through the private network, so it is the preferred SIM card for telecom fraudsters. The 4G IoT card solves these problems. Open the Ping Tester app after inserting the IoT SIM card into the tester mobile, then use it to ping the IP address of the server in Liaoning Meteorological Information Center. A successful connection would imply that the connection to the Liaoning Meteorological Information Center’s Intranet via IoT is functional, and that the IoT SIM card can be used to automatically transmit the meteorological station’s data. The automatic weather stations generally using the automatic weather station models of local meteorological bureaus in Liaoning Province can use “Huayun Shangtong local maintenance management software” for the parameters configuration of automatic weather stations. After the “Huayun Shangtong local maintenance management software” is connected to the port of the automatic weather station, by finding the matched automatic weather station type, entering the error diagnosis interface of the corresponding station type, clicking the “Start Monitoring” button to read the device status information.

Smart Secured Wireless ATM using Finger Print Recognition

Automated Teller Machines (ATMs) have become an essential part of the individual’s daily routine as it is utilized to change one’s existing ATM Personal Identification Number (PIN), check one’s amount balance and its most important function is to extract one’s money. Nowadays, the culprits have the latest technologies at their disposal, which aids them, to easily hack into the secured systems of the banks and collect the confidential information of the clients such as their ATM PINs, Card Details, etc., To counter that, fingerprint sensing incorporated with One Time Passwords (OTPs) has been suggested, as it is globally accepted that the fingerprints of every person are unique and different, while OTPs don’t hold its value like ATM PINs. This research is based on using Python Graphical User Interface (GUI) as the ATM screen. The innovation in this study exists in two ways. The first one is that OTPs will be sent via Python Graphical User Interface (GUI), on the client’s registered email address also (along with the client’s recorded phone number), so that OTPs can still be accessed in case of Subscriber Identity Modules (SIMs) lost. The second one is that including a Uniform Resource Allocator (URL: www.msbank.co.in) for online enrollments of the clients and producing Application Program Interfaces (APIs). The main idea is to first check the client’s fingerprints and then to verify the OTPs from our Admin-Password Protected Mongo Database. The involved algorithm also maintains a check that the same email address cannot be utilized again for registration.

An Improved Security Model for Nigerian Unstructured Supplementary Services Data Mobile Banking Platform

Unstructured Supplementary Services Data (USSD) is a menu driven, real time communication technology used for value added services. It is adopted by banks for financial transactions due to its ease of operation. However existing USSD are used by fraudster to commit identity theft through Subscriber Identification Module (SIM) swap, phone theft and kidnap, in other to access funds in the bank. One of the reasons this is made possible is because existing USSD platforms use Automated Teller Machine (ATM) Personal Identification Number (PIN) as second level authenticator and this compromises the ATM channel and violets one of the stated guidelines for USSD operation in Nigeria. More so, the PIN is entered bare on the platform and so can easily be stolen by shoulder surfing. Therefore, in this paper we developed and simulated an improved USSD security model for banking operations in Nigeria. The security of existing USSD platform was enhanced using answer to a secret question as another level of authentication. This was with the view to minimise identity theft. This secret question is registered in the bank during account opening for new customers while existing customers will have to update their details in the banks data base before registering for USSD services. This is done the same way customers verify their ATM PIN in the bank. Hence the answer is known by the customer alone. The model was implemented using php on XAMPP platform and simulated using hubtel USSD mocker. Results showed that security of the proposed system was enhanced through another level of authentication provided by the answer to the security question.

PEMANFAATAN MODUL GSM DAN MODUL GPS PADA SISTEM KEAMANAN SEPEDA MOTOR MENGGUNAKAN SMARTPHONE BERBASIS ARDUINO UNO

To facilitate control of lights in a home with a remote control so they invented a system of utilization of GSM Module Based Arduino Uno For Home Lighting Remote Control. The whole tool is divided into several parts, which consist of a Mobile, GSM SIM 800L module, arduino uno microcontroller, relay module, and lights. This tool works when Mobile sends an SMS (Short Message Service) containing commands to GSM SIM 800L, from GSM SIM 800L then to the microcontroller to process commands, from the microcontroller then to the relay module that works as a substitute for a switch that functions to turn on or turn off the lights which are desired.

Corporate brand image and switching behavior: case of mobile telecommunications customers in Zimbabwe

Mobile telecommunication service providers in Zimbabwe are using a brand image to market their products and minimize brand switching, resulting from increased market competition. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among a convenience sample of 385 participants in Zimbabwe. The sample size was determined using Rao software sample size calculator to extract an acceptable sample from apopulation of 1,973,906 inhabitants. Data were collected using a five-point Likert scale questionnaire and were also tested for reliability and validity using SPSS version 20. It was ascertained that 70% of the respondents’ switched SIM cards, 20% never switched, and 10% were indifferent to the different providers. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) showed that mobile network service providers’ brand image positively affects customer satisfaction, a positive relationship exists between mobile network service providers’ brand image and consumer brand switching behavior, customer satisfaction positively affects their loyalty. Corporate brand image indirectly affects customer loyalty through customer satisfaction. The researchers recommend marketers to consider the findings when designing strategies for marketing mobile network services. AcknowledgmentsThe authors of this paper greatly appreciate the support and cooperation they received from the Postal and Telecommunications Authority of Zimbabwe (POTRAZ) and research participants during the survey.

Fire alert system through text messages, with arduino mega technology and GSM SIM 900 module

<span>The purpose of this article is to develop a fire alert system, to implement under the use of Arduino Mega technology and GSM module SIM 900 (GSM: Global System for mobile communications, SIM: Minimum System), with which through The programming and interconnection between these components can be obtained by capturing data through MQ2 sensors installed in the Industrial Automation Laboratory of the National Technological University of South Lima, and then send a fire alert signal through text messages to a mobile equipment located outside the laboratory; at a distance of 1000 meters; The relevance of this research is that its optimal response, detects the application of this system to the industrial park of Villa El Salvador, which has multiple warehouses, which a newspaper is affected by fire hazards, by the amount of flammable material They owned. Developing the investigation will determine the existence of a correlation factor of 0.973, between the reception time of the alert signal, with respect to the distance in the MQ2 sensor to detect the smoke; This factor tells us to state that the correlation is significant between both variables; with a ratio percentage equal to 98.90%, which was selected by the determination factor R<sup>2</sup>. </span>

Digital Electronic Board Using GSM Module and Database

Digital Electronics Notice Board is used on public utility places like Institution or organization or College campus, Railway stations etc. Now a days sending various data on paper notice boards has become difficult and time consuming. The idea taken for the proposed system is to deliver the simple best dependable and constant system to the users. Which they could use for putting up important notice and notification in an LCD display where the user can simply send a message which will be display on LCD display. The projected system will allow people to convey notice data on a digital notice board by using their mobile phones. The system uses a 32-bit ARM which is based on microcontroller LPC 2148, GSM SIM 900 module, an user interface for android application with the Compulsory hardware. The device is able to work anywhere excepting the place where mobile network connectivity is accessible most of the time.

Ruralized or Not? Lived Experiences of Remote Distance Learning Students of the Institute for Distances and E-Learning (IDeL), University of Education, Winneba, Ghana

The purpose of this study was to explore the variation in experiences of remote rural students who study with the Institute for Distance and e-Learning (IDeL) of the University of Education, Winneba (UEW) in Ghana. The study adopted the qualitative research strategy. Semi-structured interviews were used to collect data for the study. Purposively, three remote centres were selected. Ten (10) students were selected across the selected centres for the study. Data obtained from the study centers were analyzed thematically. The study found that lived experiences of the learners on remoteness depended not only on their geographical locations but were also relative to individual circumstances. With respect to students’ sense of connection with university staff and peers, most mentioned their contact with their personal tutor. Networks with peers were less common, a matter of concern if peer networks are integral to fostering improved retention and progression. It was recommended among others that IDeL should promote the use of various cell phone Smart Identity Modules Cards (SIM Cards) by students in remote areas, to enable them gain access to any of the cell phone network coverage in their rural setting.

ANTI-THEFT APPLICATION FOR ANDROID SMARTPHONE

- Smart phones are multipurpose electronic device mainly used for communication. When the phone is missing to the owner or some theft occurs, it is usually a cumbersome process for the owner to go to police station or start searching for it. To search for the lost smartphone efficiently and reduce mental stress of being overconcerned towards it, a project has been initiated. This project aims at developing an android application that helps to track your phone through other smart phones belonging to a person who might be your acquaintance, neighbour or your family member. Each device has an option to either be a user or administrator or both. The administrator monitors its users who have registered through it’s id. At each interval of time users send signals to its administrator that they have not been stolen. But, once it is stolen as it is the nature of thief to change the sim card user transmits signal to admin and notifies with subsequent location and the new sim card IMEI number. To develop this application Android technology is used. Android studio and Java programming are used to code for the application. Whereas to contribute for the database to store location Firebase Realtime Database technology is used.

IoT based real time water level monitoring using Texas instruments' CC3200

Objective: To monitor and control the water level in real time using IoT and cloud computing technologies to avoid the wastage of water in water storage tanks/sumps. Methods/Analysis: The level of water in a tank is detected by using ultrasonic sensor HC-SR04 which works on the principle similar to radar/sonar by converting electrical energy to acoustic waves and vice-versa and it is interfaced with CC3200 Launchpad, on-chip Wi-Fi microcontroller from Texas Instruments. Geotagging Technique is used to easily track the location of the water overflow. Findings: Ultrasonic sensor measures the distance and the microcontroller reads the data and uploads to the ThingSpeak cloud for real time monitoring and graphical representation. When the water reaches the reserve position and normally the motor will be switched off. Once the water attains a maximum level before overflow occurs. In case failure of the motor actuator (relay) it needs a physical switching of the motor. Such a scenario is tackled by sending an alert to the mobile using GSM SIM900A (Global System for Mobile communication Subscriber Identity Module) as such, failure of the actuator is taken care off. Novelty: In this study, we have designed an IoT based water level indicator with minimum power consumption which can be used for Domestic applications. Keywords: Water level, GeoTagging, IoT, CC3200, ThingSpeak cloud

Multimodal Smart Wheelchair Integrated with Safety Alert System

Elderly and people with disabilities often rely on others for their locomotion. With this emerging world of automation and technologically advanced society we live in a smart wheelchair with appropriate automation can be a life changing innovation for them. One might wonder what is the need for a wheelchair to be smart or for that matter why anything needs to be smart. The answer is simple, to overcome the limitations of the existing technology. We aim on integrating a simple Manually operated wheelchair with features like Obstacle Detection with appropriate technologies such as voice control or gesture control for people who are not able to locomote like a normal person can. With this project, not only do we help a person using a normal wheelchair more easily but also make life easier for those who have other disabilities which are standing as an obstacle making it difficult for them to walk. For instance, a blind person can use a smart wheelchair that allows voicecontrolled movement or even gesture-controlled movement. Another might be of a person who can’t speak, will now be able to control everything with his bare hands. Wheelchair coupled with the appropriate sensors that automatically detects the obstacles/objects in the proximity and takes appropriate action consequently and In addition to that it may also be controlled by another person taking care of the disabled by giving commands such as forward, backward, upright etc. This not only reduces the user's efforts but also helps people to take care of their elderly. Voice/gesture control system makes everything simple. Just visualize the application of it in a hospital where the nurse has to manually handle the patient's wheelchair for even the slightest of movement. This system on the other hand needs only text or voice input command, and based upon the predefined command received from the user, the system will execute the task. This project even enforces a GSM module which uses the sim card, which can help in tracking the wheelchair when required, like in case where a user is in difficulty and needs emergency help, a message asking for help can be sent to the intended person.

Estimate of the Internet banking user security

The paper deals with security threats in the popular Internet banking service, the spread of which is becoming more common. Threats to the Internet banking users related to the use of telecommunication networks and means of communication are summarized and analyzed. Four main vulnerabilities have been identified: phone theft, social engineering methods, interception of data transmitted or stored on a mobile device, theft of SIM card data. Methods for numerically assessing the vulnerability of an Internet banking user due to these threats have been proposed. They are based on expert assessment method. The obtained numerical estimates will make it possible to use the existing methods for calculating risk. It is shown that currently the greatest threat is posed by methods of social engineering. A set of measures is proposed for users to counter the considered threats and a methodology for assessing their effectiveness, based on the expert assessment method too. It is shown that the most effective measure is the use of a separate telephone for Internet banking without an operating system. The proposed methods can be used to assess the effectiveness of any other measures to improve the security level of Internet banking users from threats associated with the use of telecommunication networks and communications. This method can be refined and adjusted to other information security objects or temporary changes in the field of information protection.

Co-Creation Performance Analysis

Purpose- To conduct a survey study on Co-Creation performance analysis on XL SIM card users on XL interactive fan page. Co-creation, as a marketing strategy, aims at building character and improving product performance through collaboration with customers. This strategy is expected to increase sales and potential markets. Telecommunication is one of the industrial sectors with greatly potential market
 Design/Methodology/Approach The research method used was cross-sectional method. This study was carried out with the margin of error 0.05, the degrees of freedom of dk (n-2), and one-sided test; one-tailed test. Hypothesis testing was used to determine whether the hypothesis was accepted or rejected.
 Findings- Co-creation performance on XL product comprised of Interaction Across, Option, Access, and Price experience. The assessment of access had highest dimension in creating customer value and had impact on customer satisfaction. On the contrary, option dimension was the lowest one.
 Research Limitations/Implications- Co-creation had come to be value-added product as the result of collaboration between producer and customers. However, the customers considered the performance of co-creation; option dimension, did not work effectively.
 Practical Implications- The results indicated that value dimension had highest average on the co-creation performance of XL sim card users. Contrarily, the smallest value obtained was option dimension. This implied that XL had provided enough access between customers and the company. Accordingly, the company knows exactly customers' needs and expectation. The customers can also choose what they need and expect from the product used.

Determinants of mobile broadband use in developing economies: Evidence from Sub-Saharan Africa

Broadband is seen as a vector of economic growth and social development. In the developing world, mobile technologies are widely adopted and mobile broadband is progressively rolled-out with high expectations on its impact on the countries’ development. We highlight what the determinants of mobile broadband use are in four Sub-Saharan countries. Using micro-level data coming from household surveys over 5 years, from 2013 to 2017, we show that SIM card ownership and being part of an online social community has a strong positive impact on mobile broadband use. We also highlight a positive correlation between digital inclusion and financial inclusion as mobile money users and bank account users are found to be more inclined to use mobile broadband. However, beyond apparent similarities, mobile broadband is used in different ways according to countries specificities. For instance, among the non-mobile owners in Nigeria, the unemployed are the most likely to use mobile broadband, most probably for job search practices, while it is rather used by students for information gathering in other countries. Finally we show that those excluded from mobile broadband use are the eldest, those with the lowest level of education, and women.