Subliminally Research Articles

Взаємодія сегментних та надсегментних засобів у реалізації прагматичного спрямування англійських фольклорних текстів

The paper is a study of the interplay of segmental and suprasegmental means of the folk text organization that serves the realization of the text pragmatic orientation as well as producing the suggestive subliminal stimuli on the recipient.

Subliminal Messages in Marketing and Consumers’ Purchasing Intention—A Case Study of Online Shopping from Lebanese Perspective

Understanding the major elements affecting consumers purchasing intention is important because it is directly related with the actual purchase. To attract more customers and boost their sales, online marketers use subliminal messages in advertising. The subliminal message is not perceived directly by the consumers’ consciousness, but still remains in their mind in a subtle way. Hidden messages within advertising is a manipulating force to buy the product, or to increase the purchasing intention. The objective of this article is to explore and describe the influence of the perception, awareness, and knowledge of subliminal messages and subliminal persuasion on consumers’ purchasing intention. The data collection used a cross-sectional descriptive approach. This study is descriptive following a causal model. The sample belongs to the population of Lebanese consumers. An online questionnaire was used during this study. A total of 510 Lebanese consumers had completed the questionnaire online. The influence of perception of subliminal messages, awareness of subliminal messages, knowledge of subliminal message and subliminal persuasion are positive which validate a positive relation among these variables. As for the future avenues of research, it would be interesting to assess the effectiveness of some consumer anticipation and the protection against manipulation with regard to subliminal messages.

Cartoons: A Profound Outlook within the Scope of Children and Media

The current study was carried out to evaluate cartoons from the perspective of preschool prospective teachers within the scope of Child and Media Lecture in Alanya Alaaddin Keykubat University, Faculty of Education, Department of Preschool Education. The working group of the study consisted of 46 cartoon parts evaluated by 24 preschool prospective teachers attending to the lecture of “Child and Media” in the content of final assignments. As a data collection tool, cartoon evaluation form (an unstructured survey form) that was prepared by the researcher was used. The study was conducted following qualitative research method, and it was analyzed with the content analysis technique. At the end of the research, the positive and negative features of protagonist, the positive and negative features of other heroes, the positive and negative effects of cartoon on children, subliminal messages, the personal views and recommendations of the prospective teachers with regard to the cartoons they analyzed were determined. Depending on the results obtained, various recommendations were provided.

Memória, linguagem e reprodução da memória social na cartilha de alfabetização do governo militar (1964 - 1985): MOBRAL/PAF - Brasil

Em 1966, o governo militar criou o Movimento Brasileiro de Alfabetização MOBRAL que foi instituído pela Lei nº 5.379, de 15 de dezembro de 1967 e implementado em 1970. Neste artigo apresentamos os resultados da pesquisa que realizamos acerca da cartilha elaborada por esse programa. Por meio da análise empreendida, foi possível constatar que a cartilha foi pensada e elaborada na perspectiva da alfabetização funcional e da ordem ideológica de reprodução de visões de mundo que colocam os sujeitos envolvidos no processo de ensino e aprendizagem como reprodutores da realidade social. A cartilha do Movimento Brasileiro de Alfabetização, em seu subprograma Alfabetização Funcional - MOBRAL/PAF expressa uma organização baseada numa concepção funcionalista e ideológica de educação, com mensagens subliminares, tudo indica, para estabelecer memórias consensuais, úteis ao seu propósito: o controle do metabolismo social; de conflitos e o estimular ao nacionalismo, tendo em vista garantir a continuidade do campo produtivo, baseado na divisão do trabalho e de homens e mulheres em lugares sociais já estabelecidos. Dir-se-ia que foi estruturada visando a entrelaçar retórica e lições, para reforçar a perpetuação de uma realidade, estabelecida ad aeternum.

Predictions from masked motion with and without obstacles.

Predicting the future is essential for organisms like Homo sapiens, who live in a dynamic and ever-changing world. Previous research has established that conscious stimuli can lead to non-conscious predictions. Here we examine whether masked stimuli can also induce such predictions. We use masked movement–with and without obstacles–to examine predictions from masked stimuli. In six experiments a moving object was masked using continuous flash suppression (CFS). A few hundred milliseconds after the object had disappeared, a conscious probe appeared in a location that was either consistent with the masked stimulus or not. In Experiments 1–3 the movement was linear, and reaction times (RTs) indicated predictions that were based on direction and speed of movement. In Experiment 4, the masked moving object collided with an obstacle and then disappeared. Predictions in this case should reflect deflection, and indeed reaction times revealed predictions on the deflection route. In Experiments 5 and 6 we introduce an innovative way of using eye-tracking during continuous flash suppression (CFS) and report physiological evidence–in the forms of eye-movements–for masked stimuli induced predictions. We thus conclude that humans can use dynamic masked stimuli to generate active predictions about the future, and use these predictions to guide behavior. We also discuss the possible interpretations of these findings in light of the current scientific discussion regarding the relation between masked presentation, subliminal perception and awareness measurement methods.

Utopia Islam Disfungsi Subliminal Message dalam Media Sosial

This study aims to see how subliminal dysfunction occurs in social media in an Islamic context. The research technique used is literature study, looking at various sources regarding subliminals and relating them to conditions in social media. This type of research is descriptive qualitative research, which is a research process to understand human or social problems by creating a comprehensive and complex picture presented in words, reporting detailed views obtained from information sources, and carried out in a different setting natural. While the approach used is phenomenology, which is to describe the reality that is happening without explaining the relationship between variables. The research results obtained are that Islam teaches its people to have ethics in carrying out all activities, including communication on social media. In the concept of Subliminal Message from hidden messages invites the public to never trust the information received from social media, before finding out the truth and accuracy of the message, from sources that can be trusted, supported, and related to the message. The conclusion in this research is that the Subliminal Message concept invites the public to never believe the information received from social media, before finding out the truth and accuracy of the message, from sources that can be trusted, supported, and related to the message.

Subliminal Message: Outer Retinal Tubulations Resembling Mitochondria in Maternally Inherited Diabetes and Deafness

Subliminal Message: Outer Retinal Tubulations Resembling Mitochondria in Maternally Inherited Diabetes and Deafness

Investigating Suicide-Related Subliminal Messages on Instagram.

Background: Suicide is the second-leading cause of death among 15-29-year-olds and Instagram is one of the most popular and fastest-growing social media platforms among this age group. A previous study presented preliminary evidence for suicide-related "subliminal messages" on Instagram, defined as very brief presentations of suicide-related content in video posts that users have no conscious awareness of. Aim: A systematic quantitative study was pending. Method: We conducted a quantitative content analysis of 100 Instagram video posts. A frame-by-frame coding procedure allowed for an assessment of whether suicide-related content was depicted in very brief segments, even when this content could not be consciously recognized when watched at regular speed. Results: Analysis indicates that a substantial amount of suicide-related content is presented in very brief shots. We identified 67 very brief shots that appeared in 21 video posts. Of interest, 13 of these video posts presented more than one very brief suicide-related shot. Limitation: The subjective threshold of conscious awareness differs inter-individually. This complicates the operationalization of subliminal messages. Conclusion: Subliminal messages are ethically highly problematic. There is a need for a greater awareness of possible suicide-related subliminal messages on Instagram.

How Advertising in Social Institutions Responds to the Needs of People by Using Implicit Messages

The main purpose in creating advertising in social intuitions is to affect consumers psychologically and identify their needs that they had not realized, also to ensure that they see themselves incomplete and lacking in what is advertised. These explicit messages are to show them the person or the image they want to be. However, each of these explicit messages have implicit ones which is sent via different channels. This study was conducted by using quantitative method in order to find how advertising in social institutions responds to the needs of people by using implicit messages. As a result of the study, explicit messages which have a huge psychological guidance, and affect the consumer behaviour subconsciously, can be clearly determined while analysing these messages. This study shows the intensity of the effect of subliminal messages in advertisement done by social institutions.

Influence of subliminal stimuli on interpersonal trust: A possible mechanism.

The present study aims to investigate whether subliminal stimuli can influence interpersonal trust and to explore the mediating mechanisms. Participants were required to do a lexical decision task while the "trust" or "suspicion" Chinese words were embedded as the subliminal stimuli. Afterward, they played a trust game and reported person and situation perception. Results indicate that compared with exposure to "suspicion" subliminal stimuli, exposure to "trust" subliminal stimuli significantly improved interpersonal trust. Furthermore, person perception mediated the influence of subliminal stimuli on interpersonal trust, but situation perception did not. The results suggest that subliminal priming techniques can influence interpersonal trust, and such impact is mediated by person perception.

The Influence of Unconscious Perceptual Processing on Decision-Making: A New Perspective From Cognitive Neuroscience Applied to Generation Z.

Cognitive neuroscience and its applied developments have revolutionized marketing. With advances in neuroscientific techniques, marketing has needed to refocus toward understanding issues like the area of the brain that should be stimulated to transform the consumer’s intention to purchase into a real decision, how information is processed when making a decision, and how personality traits affect the purchase decision. Neuroscience has opened the door to the consumer’s brain. For many years, scientists have investigated the role of subliminal messages in marketing, with their findings generating a significant controversy. Many have shown that making sound decisions based on intuition rather than conscious reasoning is more common than previously thought. In fact, many studies have shown that sound intuitive decision-making depends on the association of the subliminal messages of a given situation with the limbic brain structures formed. Scientists have concluded that the brain does not consciously need to know contextual information to learn the value of this information and make the necessary linkages to make productive decisions. In this study, we consider whether unconscious perceptual processing influences decision-making and explore the influence of aspects of personality that are related to unconscious processing, such as the degree of neuroticism, extroversion, and gender of the individual, applied to the demographic cohort Generation Z, distinguishing between whether the stimuli are verbal or pictorial. The backward masking visual paradigm has been used to assess unconscious perceptual processing. To test these processes, a set of ANOVA models and logistic regressions were run where the dependent variable is whether the people perceived the stimuli or not and the independent variables were gender, the form of the stimuli (pictorial or verbal), and the personality traits extroversion, introversion, and neuroticism. The results suggest that verbal stimuli work better than pictorial stimuli, although a possible explanation is that the pictures require modification to be more effective. In the case of verbal stimuli, gender and level of neuroticism are found to be important variables that influence unconscious perceptual decision-making processes. Specifically, a female with a high level of neuroticism shows greater permeability in its unconscious perceptual processes.

Entrevista a Wim Delvoye

Wim Delvoye es un artista multidisciplinar que vive y trabaja entre Gante (Bélgica) y Brighton (Reino Unido). Sus proyectos artísticos se centran en aspectos diversos de la sociedad contemporánea, así como en los mensajes subliminales existentes en la publicidad y en los discursos políticos y religiosos. Su visión crítica y paródica de la realidad abre un debate que va más allá de la eterna discusión entre lo que es y lo que no es arte, ampliándolo hacia quién determina dicha dicotomía; en este sentido el artista muestra un especial interés por la artesanía y la cultura popular. En dicho contexto, el sujeto construye una identidad única a través de la edición de su propio cuerpo por medio de tatuajes y asume un personal discurso antropológico y artístico mostrando sus marcas exclusivas de diferenciación. A mediados de los años 90, Wim Delvoye comenzó a tatuar animales y, rápidamente, sus trabajos de tatuaje sobre pollos muertos y cerdos vivos cruzaron la delgada línea entre la ética y la estética. Proponía nuevas maneras de distribución, comercialización y exhibición del arte, por el hecho de tratarse de elementos perecederos o, incluso, de animales vivos. Algo más de una década después, el artista comentó el Art Farm Project en Pekín, en donde continuó su trabajo de tatuaje sobre pieles porcinas, y arrancó uno de sus trabajos mas controvertidos, el tatuaje de la espalda de Tim Steiner, una persona anónima que a partir de este momento se convirtió en un cuerpo editado y en un objeto artístico (Art Farm-Tim, 2008). En esta entrevista, SOBRE N06 propone desarrollar aquellos aspectos que tienen que ver especialmente con dichos proyectos artísticos, así como las circunstancias concretas relativas a su exposición y venta.

Failing to Prevail: A Discourse Analysis of Attitude in Mubarak’s Speeches During the Arab Spring

This paper examines the attitude in President Hosni Mubarak’s speeches during the Arab Spring Uprising in 2011. The appraisal concept discussed by Martin and White which is based on Halliday’s Systematic Functional Linguistics (SFL) is adopted as a framework for analysis. According to the appraisal framework, tenor (interpersonal metafunction) is divided into subsections including Attitude. To be more specific, Attitude in the appraisal concept is divided into three domains: affect, judgment and appreciation. Mubarak’s three speeches in 2011 were analysed in terms of the linguistic devices used to reflect these domains, such as pronouns, intensification, reiteration, lexical selection and metaphor. The distribution of the use of each domain and frequencies are examined using charts and diagrams. Results proved the significant impact of the speeches on the demonstrations. Mubarak’s attitude changed throughout his speeches. His first speech was unrealistic, whereas the second speech was less emotive and more assertive. His third speech was full of subliminal authoritative messages and lack of sympathy.

Neuromarketing, subliminal advertising, and hotel selection: An EEG study

This study aims to understand how hotel videos embedded with a smiling face emoji as a subliminal message affect consumers’ selection of hotels, with their brain activities measured and collected while they watched the videos. Data was collected from sixteen participants who completed two rounds of experiments. A chi-square test of homogeneity, paired sample t-test, and Bayes factor were performed to address the two proposed research questions. The results of this study reveal that participants’ selection of hotels would be significantly affected by the subliminal stimuli of a smiling face emoji. Meanwhile, neuroscientific data identifies significant differences between participants’ two (theta and beta) out of five bands of brainwaves while they were viewing hotel videos with and without the subliminal message. Suggestions for future studies and practical operations are also discussed.

The Effects of Visual Media and Subliminal Messages on Child Health

Görsel medya, çocukların yaşamlarında büyük etkiye sahiptir. Çocukların davranışlarını, tutumlarını ve dünya görüşlerini şekillendirmesi sebebiyle sosyalleştirici etkisi en fazla olan araçlardan birisidir. Çocukların yaşamlarını zenginleştirmesi, sağlıksız davranışları değiştirmesi, eğitimi ve bilgiyi yaygınlaştırması, milli ve manevi değerlerin çocuğa kazandırılması, hoşgörüye teşvik etmesi, toplumsal farkları azaltmasını sağlayabilmesi gibi işlevleri bulunmaktadır. Ancak diğer bir açıdan bakıldığında görsel medya çocuğun hayal gücünü sınırlandırır, öğrenme güçlüğüne ve okul başarısında düşmeye neden olur. Şiddet içeren davranışlara teşvik etme, ahlaki değerlerin bozulmasına öncülük etme, sosyal duygusal duyarlılıkları azaltma, anksiyete, depresyon ve intihar davranışları üzerinde kolaylaştırıcı etki yapma, yerel kültürleri baskılama ve yabancılaşmaya katkı sağlama gibi olumsuz etkileri vardır. Televizyon, sinema, internet gibi görsel medya araçlarının içerdiği subliminal mesajlar çocuk üzerinde direkt bir etkiye sahip değildir, ancak dolaylı yoldan bilinçaltını etkileyerek çocukların davranışları üzerinde değişiklik yaratır. Çocukların görsel medya ile geçirdikleri sürenin uzunluğu göz önüne alındığında, çocuklar üzerinde olumsuz kalıcı etkileri olmaktadır. Çocuklar bu konu karşısında savunmasız durumda oldukları için çocuk ve görsel medya ilişkisi üzerinde dikkatle durulması gereken önemli bir konudur. Bu derlemenin amacı, görsel medya araçlarının içerdiği subliminal mesajların çocuk sağlığı üzerindeki olumsuz etkilerini literatür bilgileri ışığında sunmaktır.

Consciousness modulates the automatic change detection of masked emotional faces: Evidence from visual mismatch negativity

The ability to automatically detect changes in the environment is crucial for organisms to survive. In the visual system, changes in visual stimuli may evoke visual mismatch negativity (vMMN), an event-related potential (ERP) component that reflects automatic change detection. Previous studies that used visual masking to examine the effects of consciousness did not yield evidence that vMMN could be elicited by subliminal stimuli. However, these studies used relatively simple visual features. To further examine the role of consciousness in vMMN, the present study used emotional (happy and fearful) faces, which are biologically and socially significant visual stimuli. A passive oddball paradigm was employed, and we found that only fearful faces could evoke vMMN at a low consciousness level. Furthermore, the fear-related vMMN was enhanced by the consciousness level, and localized in regions of the brain associated with emotional face processing and the prefrontal cortex. We also found that the emotional visual mismatch oscillatory responses (vMORs) were associated with the enhancement of the alpha-band oscillation. Moreover, consciousness could weaken the happiness-related vMOR. These results suggested that changes to emotional faces—especially fearful faces—could be unconsciously detected by the brain. More importantly, this automatic change detection mechanism could be modulated by consciousness.

Subconscious marketing communication techniques and legal implications

ABSTRACT The efficacy and appropriateness of current advertising laws are questioned as to how customers behave emotionally towards advertising. Contacts were made with world-renowned respondents from the advertising, legal and neuroscience communities. Their responses are documented along with apposite secondary sourced material. Neuromarketing shows that emotive and rational thinking are mutually controlled. The increasing regulatory landscape has forced some advertisers to be more creative and more covert in their communications. Controversy surrounds subliminal perception with some saying it is misjudged and groundless. Suggestions are made as to how the advertising industry should engage with broader application of consumer psychology processes to evaluate regulatory procedures to improve existing laws.

Looking Into Theme-Rheme Structure Through Demand Letters As Collection Instrument

This research focused on demand letters, one of the most influential tools in business communication; on how they are written with the use of Systemic Functional Grammar of MAK Halliday. The purpose of this study is to understand and analyze these letters which are being manipulated in order to deliver the right context based on the needs of the writer. This paper studied three different types of Demand Letters, and identified the Theme and the Rheme of each of the sentences. Textual Analysis was employed in order to identify how the structure of demand letters delivers the subliminal messages embedded by the writers. Through Textual Analysis, the research is able unearth and foresee potential messages. It was found out that demand letters are often written using Unmarked-Marked Theme, which indicates that these letters are elaborately crafted in order to cater various meanings in just one sentence. The way in which writers develop their sentences can reveal their stance and intention. Additionally, it was discovered that most demand letters are written on a Derived Theme Progression which means that the initial sentence in the letter contains all the necessary information and succeeding sentences are just additional information. The letters appear to be written in a way in which all the primary details were compacted in the first sentence, primarily due to urgency and time constraint. This study will be very beneficial to the academe as this becomes a proof that schools should start honing people to become more sensitive about unuttered messages through incorporating Functional Grammar to lessons.

How does the non-conscious become conscious?

In this My Word, Joseph LeDoux describes how his work as a graduate student got him interested in human consciousness. Although he has not studied this topic since 1970s, he never stopped thinking and writing about it during his four-decade career exploring how non-conscious processes involving the amygdala detect and respond to danger. Here, he tells us what is on his mind about consciousness these days.

The Analysis of Cohesive Devices Found in Good-Bye

The basic definition of discourse is a language above sentences which is a cohesive, coherent, and functional. Cohesion and coherence are two vital elements constituting a discourse which are supported by the cohesive devices, i.e. reference, substitution, ellipsis, conjunctions, and lexical cohesion. This article discusses the cohesion and coherence of discourse through the identification of its cohesive devices. An anecdote entitled Good-Bye is selected due to its simplicity yet intriguing language, therefore the subliminal messages can be delivered and revealed. By using the qualitative approach and method, the results of the analysis, covering the cohesive devices within the text, can be comprehensively described. The analysis was carried based on the theory of functional grammar by MAK Halliday from his book Halliday's Introduction to Functional Grammar by MAK Halliday (revised by Christian MIM Matthiessen), about the cohesive devices. In addition to this one, the theory of cohesive devices from the book Cohesion in English by MAK Halliday and Ruqaiyah Hasan is used as a supporting theory. Within this anecdote, four out of five cohesive devices proposed by Halliday and Hasan were found. They covered the reference, ellipsis, conjunction, and lexical cohesion (reiteration and collocation). Unfortunately, substitution could not be found.