Subjects Of Interests Research Articles

Play cards, salt, tobacco: trade restrictions of German Zollverein in 1833

Importance. The main objective of the study is to find the special regulations regarding some trade goods. The research is focused on the comprehensive study of restrictions of German Zollverein’s treaty, which had affected the local and foreign trade. The analysis has formed the complex of reasons which led to the special arrangements towards the important goods. The study of particular aspects of customs reforms shows the new perspectives in the research of this topic and fulfills the image of trade connections on German territories in 1820–30s.Materials and Methods. The main document for the research is “The treaty of customs unification” from March 22, 1833. There are also plenty of commercial press articles of that period studied, which overviewed the trade and customs changes and reforms. The analytics and synthesis methods give the possibility to have a full overview of the mentioned sources and to restore the main tendencies in trade restrictions of this epoch.Results and Discussion. The detailed analysis highlights the most important trade goods on the German area, which were the subjects of interests for many German governments. There were the monopoly goods or the sources of big custom duties, which filled the German treasuries for decades. The threat of losing this income due to established German Zollverein, which customs taxes were supposed to be summarized and parted, led to the compromise solution in regards to some goods. The play cards, salt, tobacco and alcohol production were supposed to stay under cautious control, the trade of them was specially mentioned on the extra conditions.Conclusion. Trade restrictions seemed to be the compromise arrangement in the customs treaty, which aimed to keep the state income safe. They were also based on law differences regarding mentioned goods and supposed to protect German industry from foreign competition.

Наделение юридическим действием медиативных соглашений с иностранным элементом в России: текущее состояние и перспективы развития

The article examines the indirect and direct approaches of granting the legal effects to the terms of the mediated settlement agreements with a foreign element subject to the Russian existing and future legislation. Every approach research concerns the examination of judicial, arbitration and notarial ways of granting legal effects to such agreements. The suggestions for Russian law development correspond to the elicited defects of the current legal situation. It is concluded, that further research of the current and future legislation in the field of granting the legal effects to the mediated settlement agreements with a foreign element will promote effective vindication of subjects of law legal interests.

Patient-reported outcomes in Chinese rheumatoid arthritis patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Patient-reported outcomes in Chinese rheumatoid arthritis patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

EXPANDING THE UNDERSTANDING OF HEALTH AS AN INTANTGIBLE GOOD TODAY

In classical interpretation, health is defined as a subjective right to this intangible good, which is only characteristic of humans. However, it could be evaluated whether health as a relevant interest can be characteristic of any other subject, expanding the existing understanding of health. The modern legal system distinguishes between subjects with different levels of protection of their interests, i.e., the subjects of rights and the subjects of interests. And a trend is observed where health is also recognised as a category characteristic of the subjects of interests, adjusting the former understanding of the concept of health. Thus, by expanding the understanding of health, types of health can be distinguished according to the subject of interests, e.g., health of a legal person, health of a conceived person, etc., adapting the understanding of health to the criteria of the subject of interests. The research aim is to analyse the expansion of the understanding of health and suggest a division of the types of health in accordance with the modern legal system. The following primary research methods were used in the study: analytical, systemic, teleological.

Application of multi-step differential transform method to the nonlinear behaviour of cloud droplets on gaseous atmospheric pollutant removal

The determination of the concentration of gaseous atmospheric pollutants and their neutralization by rain or dew have been the subjects of research interests over the years. This paper presents close-form solutions to the transient behaviour and determination of the concentration of gaseous atmospheric pollutants using Multi-Step Differential Transform Method (MsDTM). Also, parametric studies are carried out to properly understand the chemistry of the process and the associated density of droplet required for complete neutralization. The generated analytical solution obtained by MsDTM are verified with an efficient numerical (fourth order Runge-Kutta, RK45) scheme. Results show that MsDTM is an efficient scheme for the problem. Also, the parametric study performed in this work shows that an increase in the cloud water droplet formation rate increases the atmospheric rain drop density which consequently reduces the cumulative concentration of gaseous pollutants in the atmosphere. The same effect is established for the growth rate constant of the atmospheric rain drop parameter. This work will be useful in solving to a large extent one of the challenges facing the world at large on gaseous atmospheric pollutants as well as in the determination of different pollutants neutralization period under different atmospheric conditions.

Интегрированная бизнес-группа как субъект публичной политики: кейс АО «Газпром-Медиа Холдинг»

The author focuses on the consideration of the concept of integrated groups of companies by J. Pappe as an analytical tool for studying subjects of corporate interests and mechanisms of corporate representation in the political space of modern Russia. In the article attempts to substantiate the author’s position on the applicability of the concept of integrated business groups not only within the framework of economic science, but also to reveal its significance for political science using the case-study method of JSC Gazprom-Media Holding, which is one of the Russian integrated businesses -groups and at the same time a large corporate group of interests.

Recent Advances of Mechanical Engineering Applications in Medicine & Biology

Background: Mechanics is an area of science dealing with the behavior of physical bodies (solids and fluids) undergoing action of forces, it comprised of statics, kinetics and kinematics. The advances and research in Applied Mechanics has wide application in almost fields of study including medicine and biology. In this paper, the relationship between mechanical engineering and medicine and biological sciences is investigated based on its application in these two sacred fields. Some emergent mechanical techniques applied in medical sciences and practices are presented. Methods: Emerging applications of mechanical engineering in medical and biological sciences are presented and investigated including: biomechanics, nanomechanics and computational fluid dynamics (CFD). Results: This review article presents some recent advances of mechanical engineering applications in medicine and biology. Specifically, this work focuses on three major subjects of interests: Biomechanics that is increasingly being recognized as an important application of mechanical fundamentals in biomedical and biological sciences and practices, biomechanics can play a crucial role in both injury prevention as well as performance enhancement of living systems. Novel techniques of nanomechanics including: Carbon nanotubes applications in therapy, DNA recognition, immunology and antiviral resistance. Nanorobotics that combines between nanotechnology, mechanics and new biomaterials to design and develop nanorobots based bacteria and biochips; these nanoscale robots can be involved in biomedical applications, particularly for the treatment of cancer, cerebral aneurysm treatment, kidney stones removal surgery, treatment of pathology, elimination of defected parts in the DNA structure, and some other treatments to save human lives. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) tools that contribute on the understanding of blood flows, human organs dynamics and surgical options simulation. Conclusion: Recent advances of mechanical applications in medicine and biology are carried out in this review, such as biomechanics, nanomechanics and computational fluid dynamics (CFD). As perspectives, mechanical scholars and engineers can involve these cited applications in their researches to solve many problems and issues that doctors and biologists cannot.

PENGARUH PRESTASI BELAJAR MATA PELAJARAN PRODUKTIF DAN EFEKTIVITAS LABORATORIUM PELATIHAN USAHA TERHADAP MINAT WIRAUSAHA SISWA

The purpose of this study is: (1) analyze the influence of the learning achievement of productive subjects of the entrepreneurial interests of students; (2) analyze the influence of the effectiveness of business training laboratory for students' entrepreneurial interest. Samples proportional random sampling 254 students of class XI Bismen of three schools namely SMK 1 Surabaya, SMKN 4 Surabaya, Surabaya SMKN 10. Methods of data collection using documentation and questionnaires. Data analysis using multiple linear regression statistical test, F test and t test, analysis using IBM SPSS Statistics 22 programs. Results of the study: (1) there is a significant positive influence learning achievement of productive subjects to the students' entrepreneurial interest; (2) there is a positive influence and insignificant effectiveness of business training laboratory for students' entrepreneurial interest; (3) there is a significant positive influence learning achievement of productive subjects and effectiveness of business training laboratory for students' entrepreneurial interest

A Conceptual Model of Balance of Subjects of the Electric Energy Market Interests

A Conceptual Model of Balance of Subjects of the Electric Energy Market Interests

Guide Me: A Research Work Area Recommender System

With the advent of Industrial Revolution, not only the choices in various fields increased but also the era of co mputer came into existence thereby revolutionizing the global market. People had numerous choices in front of them that often led to the confus ion about what product might actually fu lfill their requirements. So the need for having a system wh ich could facilitate the selection criteria and eradicate the dilemma of masses, was realized and ult imately recommender systems of present day world were introduced. So we can refer reco mmender systems as software tools that narrow down our choices and provide us with the most suitable suggestions as per our requirements. In this paper, we propose a novel recommender system i.e. RWARS (Research Work Area Reco mmender System) that will reco mmend research work area to a user based on his/her characteristics similar to those of other users. The characteristics considered here are hobbies, subjects of interests, programming skills and future objectives. The proposed system will use Cosine Similarity approach of Collaborative Filtering.

Muṣliḥ al-Dīn al-Lārī and His Samples of the Sciences

*Muṣliḥ al-Dīn al-Lārī (d. 979/1572) was a scientist and philosopher of Shiraz in the 16th century who was active as a scholar first in India and then in the Ottoman land. He was a prolific author who wrote works in various fields. Some of his works on rational sciences, which was his main subjects of interests, became textbooks in the Ottoman curriculum. His Samples of the Sciences (Unmūdhaj al-ʿulūm), which was written while he resided in Istanbul and dedicated to the grand vizier Rustam Pāshā (d. 968/1561), demonstrates his intellectual chalanges in twenty-one different desciplines.

P 227. Ultramicroscopy (UM) in neurobiology

UM is a prime example for an interdisciplinary research field invention. It enables researchers to obtain high-resolution 3D-reconstructions of organ systems in different animal models. Knowledge about the interconnections of the neuronal network to the vascular system is often essential neurobiological research. Ultramicroscopy (UM) is a light sheet based fluorescence microscopy. This novel bioimaging technique allows the 3D-visualization of cm-sized biological specimens with μm-resolution ( [Dodt et al., 2007] , [Jährling, 2011] ). Artifacts of conventional microscopy such as distortion of the tissue are avoided. It is due to optical sectioning instead of mechanical sclicing ( [Jährling and Saghafi, 2011] , [Jährling, 2011] ). In UM, a specimen is illuminated by a thin sheet of laser light, formed by one or more cylindrical lenses ( [Jährling and Saghafi, 2011] , [Jährling, 2011] ). To generate a light sheet distribution in the standard UM, we basically employ a single cylindrical lens placed in front of a variable rectangular slit aperture ( [Jährling and Saghafi, 2011] , [Jährling, 2011] ). Lectinis are proteins that bind to sugar complexes, which are attached to proteins and lipids. We employed an approach using fluorescent conjugated lectins during the transcardial perfusion of mice to contrast the endothelium building up the vascular system ( [Jährling, 2011] , [Jährling et al., 2009] ). Biological samples are prepared chemically to become as transparent as possible ( Jährling, 2011 ). In this study the architecture of the blood vessel system of whole organs of animal models is visualized ( [Jährling, 2011] , [Jährling et al., 2009] ). By combining light sheet based UM with lectin-labelling, 3D reconstructions of vascular structures of the mouse spinal cord can be generated. Alteration in optics, morphological analysis of neurobiological disorders, multiple labeling, improving histology of clearing procedure, the analysis of brain tumors are subjects of interests are subjects of interests in our future work.

Lifestyle modification, nutritional and vitamins supplements for age‐related macular degeneration

To provide a systematic review of the published studies pertaining to the lifestyle modification, dietary, nutritional and vitamins supplements for preventing occurrence or halting deterioration of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). The literature searches from 1990 to December 2010 with following keywords, 'age related macular degeneration', 'nutrition', 'antioxidant', 'diet' and 'vitamins supplements' using search engines Pubmed, Google Scholar, Medline and the Cochrane Library. Meta-analyses, population-based cohort studies and case-controlled trials were reviewed, whereas small cases series, case reports, commentaries, abstracts in proceedings or personal observations were excluded. Smoking and obesity are identified risk factors for AMD. High dietary intakes of omega-3 fatty acids, and macular xanthophylls lutein and zeaxanthin have been associated with a lower risk of prevalence and incidence in AMD. Vitamin B and extracts from wolfberry, Gingko biloba and berry anthocyanins were also subjects of intense research interests, but there has been no concluding scientific evidence yet. The Age-Related Eye Disease study (AREDS) is the only large-scale randomized controlled clinical trial to show beneficial effect of AREDS formulation of vitamins C, E, beta-carotene and zinc with copper in reducing the risk progression to advanced AMD in patients with intermediate AMD or with advanced AMD in one eye. Quit smoking is an important advice to patients to prevent or slow the progress of AMD. There is no recommendation for routine nutritional or vitamins supplementation for primary prevention. However, patients with documented intermediate risk of AMD or advanced AMD in one eye are recommended to take AREDS-type vitamin supplements.

Harmonious Society and Change of the Concept of Local Legislation

Local legislation is an important component of the national legislation system. In face of conflicts and contradictions between subjects of the multiple interests in the modern society, it seems extremely critical how to play the role of local legislation in establishment of a harmonious society. Development of practice needs change of the concept. The principle is the guide of legislation, while a scientific principle is the foundation and precondition of harmony of local legislation. In establishment of the harmonious socialist society, we have to update the principle of development of local legislation. The concept of local legislation is changed with appropriate expansion of local legislation authority, transition of local legislation from emphasis on subordination to emphasis on autonomy and transition of local legislation from emphasis on economical legislation to emphasis on diversified legislation.

The Changing Face of the Course

The commander of the International Course on Law of Armed Conflict, which is under the auspices of the International Committee of Military Medicine, summarizes his experiences and the changing subjects of interests during the course in Switzerland.

Marketing academic library resources and information services to international students from Asia

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to suggest strategies for marketing academic library resources and information services to Asian international students. Compared with those from a Western culture, those students are not as knowledgeable about the library resources and information services in an academic setting.Design/methodology/approachThe paper describes the strategies for marketing academic library resources and information services to Asian international students and the challenges faced by reference librarians dealing with Asian international students. It looks also at what information literacy programs and activities are suitable to accommodate the information needs of Asian international students and what teaching methodology should be used. The paper draws upon the author's personal experiences and observations as an International Students Information Librarian who works closely with international students. Surveys were used to find out whether Asian international students had experiences of using academic libraries; and whether they are aware of the services and resources available for their study in a Western academic setting.FindingsAcademic libraries need to market their services and resources proactively to Asian international students who are not familiar with the services and resources in a Western academic library. Reference librarians need to consider these learners' characteristics, language proficiency, learning styles and their subjects of interests so that the teaching methodology and examples used are effective with these students.Originality/valueThe paper adds value to the body of literature on information literacy programs and information services for international students, who are totally alien to the Western academic environment.

Animals: Moral Rights and Legal Rights

Let us consider the first question: Should animals have moral standing? What would it be for an animal not to have moral standing, not to count for anything morally whatsoever? Consider an example: Joe gets his kicks out of clubbing calves. He just loves to smash the heads of calves. To say that the calves have no moral standing would be to say that they count for nothing moral­ ly. It would mean that Joe does nothing wrong as far as the calves themselves are concernedi although physically damaged, the calves could not be morally harmed, they could not be morally injured. The calves would not be the subjects of interests which could in any way be violated. And if Joe did all of his head smashing on a deserted island with no otherhUIll3D. beings around to either see or hear about these clubbings, Joe's actions would, from the moral standpoint, be completely neutral. They would be what we might call amoral, that is, without any moral significance whatsoever.

Aquatic Entomology: The Fishermen's and Ecologists' Illustrated Guide to Insects and their Relatives

Aquatic Biology and Natural History are subjects of interests to many, whether they be related to one's vocational education, one's avocation, or purely to one's appreciation for the living order of the world. This book has been written not only for entomologists, ecologists, and students of aquatic entomology, but also for sport fishermen, naturalists, and environmental assessment specialists. For those who may not have some vested interested in nature and ecology, this book will provide a pictorial introduction to some of the most fascinating life forms on earth and, hopefully, wet the appetite for understanding the aquatic insects, their environment, and their relationship to human life.

The Laboratory Bookshelf

The Laboratory Bookshelf

A Treatise on Special Subjects of the Law of Real Property: Containing an Outline of All Real Property Law, and More Elaborate Treatment of the Subjects of Fixtures, Incorporeal Hereditaments, Tenures, and Allodial Holdings, Uses, Trusts, and Powers, Qualified Estates, and Mortgages, Future Estates and Interests, Perpetuities and Accumulations

A Treatise on Special Subjects of the Law of Real Property: Containing an Outline of All Real Property Law, and More Elaborate Treatment of the Subjects of Fixtures, Incorporeal Hereditaments, Tenures, and Allodial Holdings, Uses, Trusts, and Powers, Qualified Estates, and Mortgages, Future Estates and Interests, Perpetuities and Accumulations