Federal Subjects Research Articles

Paradiplomacy of the Sverdlovsk Region: Development and Modalities of Implementing at the Present Stage

Introduction. The article examines the key paradiplomacy areas of the Sverdlovsk region. The analysis focuses on the aspects distinguishing the region from other subjects of the present-day Russian Federation, which allowed it to become one of the leaders in developing international activities during the post-Soviet period. Methods and materials. The methodological basis of this work is constituted by the approaches devised by I. Duchacek. Paradiplomacy is defined as international contacts of regions with different actors in international relations regarding economic, political, cultural and environmental issues. These contacts move in the same direction as activities undertaken by central authorities. Approaches by I. Duchacek, R. Kaiser, A. Kuznetsov, Yu. Akimov were applied to study the motives and factors for active paradiplomacy development of the Sverdlovsk region. To examine the modalities of implementing paradiplomacy in the Sverdlovsk region, scientific and analytical materials were used along with statistic data and indicators provided by the Ministry of International and Foreign Economic Relations of the Sverdlovsk Region and by the Russian Export Center JSC. Analysis. It was found that the Sverdlovsk region became the first to base its paradiplomacy on the regional identity. On the one hand, the regional identity development was marked by a conflict between the region and the central authorities; on the other hand, the local ruling groups deliberately fostered the policy of regional uniqueness. Mainstreaming the regional identity served the practical interests of elites both in internal political legitimation and in establishing their international economic, political and cultural personality. In the 2000s, the paradiplomacy model of the Sverdlovsk region transformed from conflict to cooperation based on partnering and seeking a compromise with the federal government. Results. The strategy of paradiplomacy development chosen by the region is evaluated as a success. The emphasis put by the regional authorities on implementing large-scale international projects and developing foreign trade relations allows the Sverdlovsk region not only to keep the indicators of foreign economic activities stable, but also to retain elements of its regional identity.

Synergism of Scientific Teams in the Reflection of Scientometrics

The purpose of the study is to identify and substantiate the criteria for synergistic interaction of employees within the research team. The object of research is the scientific activity of micro–collectives (department collectives), the subject of research is the success of cooperation within collectives. Scientific cooperation is an important factor in increasing the success (efficiency) of research activities and obtaining high-quality scientific results. Efficiency of any activity, including research activity, is increased by means of synergistic interaction (the results of which can be presented as 1 + 1> 2). The authors consider synergistic interaction as a way of performing research activities by scientific teams based on cooperation as a factor in obtainingresults impossible without this interaction. The parameters reflecting the synergism of the research activities of scientific teams are its criteria as the subject of the specified activity (first of all, organizational readiness). Taking into account these parameters, the analysis of research activity results (reflected in publication activity and citation rate) achieved by academic researchers from higher educational institutions of the Krasnodar Territory (one of the federal subjects of Russia) is performed. The authors present their models and methods for the assessment of synergistic interaction within scientific teams. Primary mathematical modelsbased on set theory are proposed for the scientific team and its activities. Some difficulties in assessing the synergism of scientific teams – the impossibility to accurately assess the rating of scientific publications, malfunction of automated scientometric databases, problems with identifying the specific contribution of each author’s specific contribution, faked scientific activity, retraction of publications – are noted. Methodological foundations of the research: synergetic approach (considers scientific cooperation as a synergistic process leading to an increase in the effectiveness of research activities), systematic approach (considers the diagnosis of scientific cooperation as an integral component of monitoring research activities), sociological approach (considers the research team as a social system and environment for a researcher), qualimetric approach (proclaims the need for multi-criteria diagnostics of synergistic interaction within a research team) and probabilistic-statistical approach (considers the diagnosis of scientific cooperation as a statistical measurement based on the processing of primary information). Research methods: analysis of scientific literature, modeling, methods of set theory and graphs, methods of qualimetry, methods of mathematical statistics, including the method of rocky scree, on the basis of which the well-known Hirsch index iscalculated, methods of linear algebra.

Регион государства как сложная экономико-социальная система и объект стратегирования: на материалах Кемеровской области – Кузбасса

The article describes the concept of region as a holistic economic and social system, as well as an object of strategizing. The research relied on numerous theoretical and regulatory approaches used by different authors and institutes. The empirical part of the research concentrated on the Kemerovo Region aka Kuzbass. The methods included system, comparative, and logical analyses, as well as the dialecticmaterialistic method of cognition and a complex approach to conceptualization, generalization, and specification. The study also involved the descriptive-historical approach and individual theoretical-methodological provisions of regional strategizing. The article introduces the main approaches to the concept of region as a basic definition of regional economy and the theory and practice of regional strategizing. The term was interpreted using the case of the Kemerovo Region as an economic-social system and an object of strategizing. The current theory of strategy and the methodology and practice of strategizing demonstrate a severe ambiguity of scientific approaches and juridical interpretations to the term region. The traditional definition of the region is an object of strategizing for developing and implementing a formal strategy based on a current legislation. Thus, a region with its formal borders is a federal subject. This approach reflects its main characteristics as a complex economic-social system, where the economic aspect is primary and serves as a base for the social one.

Monitoring of legal regulation of award relations in the Russian regions. Part 1

Objective : to assess the state of legal regulation of award relations in the Russian Federation subjects and to develop measures for its systematization and improvement. Methods : the main methods of the conducted research are general scientific methods of cognition: analysis, synthesis, comparison, extrapolation, and specific-legal methods of cognition of award relations based on them, used in the Russian theory of law and the state. Results : based on the analysis of more than 500 normative legal acts of the Russian Federation subjects, knowledge about the legal regulation of award relations in the Russian regions was systematized; specificity of the legal regulation related to the formation and application of the system of the highest official (state) regional awards of the Russian subjects was revealed, namely: the lack of uniformity in the establishment of regional awards, their hierarchy and procedures for awarding them, which indicates the need for systematization of regional award law. Assumingly, the systematizing element of award law in the Russian subjects is the adoption by their legislative bodies of complex (basic) laws on awards, which would consistently set out the issues of the regional awards establishment, their hierarchy, types, procedures for recommending and awarding with them, as well as the powers of regional bodies to implement these laws. The territorial scope of the study is limited to the Russian Federation as of September 30, 2022, before the Donetsk People’s Republic, Luhansk People’s Republic, Zaporozhye and Kherson regions, which established their regional awards, became part of it. The time frames of the monitoring study are limited to the period from 1991 to February 10, 2023. Scientific novelty : for the first time in Russian legal science, a monitoring study of the award law of all subjects of the Russian Federation was conducted, which allows assessing the quality of legal regulation of award relations in the Russian regions and, if necessary, improving the system of regional awards and other incentives for positive lawful behavior. Practical significance : the results obtained can be used in the law-making activities of state authorities of the Russian Federation subjects in improving regional award legislation, establishing official regional awards and systematizing the legal regulation of award relations. The conclusions of the conducted research enable to eliminate contradictions between the norms of award law and the norms of other regulatory legal acts.

Assessment of Interregional Inequality of Tax Revenues

Efficiency of economic activity of 85 regions of the Russian Federation is analyzed in this article. Thepurposeof the research is assessment the interregional inequality of the Russian regions. The analysis was based on the total tax revenues collected within all the Russian regions. The research was based onmethodsof analysis and synthesis, analogy and generalization, comparison and comparison, induction and deduction, economic-mathematical and statistical methods of estimation of income inequality. For its implementation, coefficients and indices were used: Lorentz, Ginny, Robin Hood, Theil, Atkinson, and Herfindahl-Hirschman. Part of the analysis was performed in the analytical module of the information system “Taxes of the Russian Federation”. Based on the Russian Federation subjects’ economic activity model, it is concluded that the total tax revenues collected on regions reflect the effectiveness of its functioning. A more accurate picture is described with the quotient of the tax revenues’ division by the labor resources engaged in their creation. Based on the methods used and data provided by the Federal Tax Service of the Russian Federation and Rosstat, was made of the uniformity of tax revenue collection among 85 subjects of the Russian Federation in the period from 2015 to 2020, all applied coefficients and indices were calculated. Using the share of employed population and tax revenues, the Lorenz curves and size diagrams (box plot) for the ratio of these shares (r) in the period under consideration are constructed and the emissions (outlier) in the distribution of tax revenues are determined. The dynamics of tax revenues and their variation are estimated. The obtained values of inequality indicators and indices showed that the distribution of tax revenues among 85 regions of the Russian Federation is uneven. Simultaneously, this situation is evident throughout the period under review. The subjects whose tax income values can be attributed to outliers have been identified. It isconcludedthat the problem of uneven development of regions of the country is traced through centuries. A way out of this situation is to use differentiated financial and tax policies in relation to different regions of the country.

Assessment of the knowledge that forms a conscious need for healthy nutrition in school children as the main element of a healthy lifestyle

Introduction. The authors present the results of a study devoted to the issue of forming the basics of healthy eating for schoolchildren in the Russian Federation, which is the main goal of ‘Demography’ National project, aimed at monitoring schoolchildren’s nutrition and health. An important part of solving this problem is raising schoolchildren’s awareness of and their commitment to the principles of healthy nutrition, as factors reducing the risk of overweight and obesity, which are predictors of alimentary-related diseases. The aim of the research is to examine awareness of and adherence to the principles of healthy eating among schoolchildren with different body mass index in the Russian Federation in order to develop an integrated approach to activities and interventions aimed at developing healthy eating habits and eating behavior according the principles of healthy eating. Materials and Methods. The work used sociological (questionnaires), analytical and statistical research methods. The study was conducted in 66 constituent entities (federal subjects) of the Russian Federation among students in educational institutions and their parents (legal representatives) and heads of educational institutions in accordance with MR 2.3.0167-20, approved by the Chief State Sanitary Doctor of the Russian Federation A.Yu. Popova, March, 20, 2020). The study was conducted in the form of a sociological survey. The assessment of anthropometric indicators given by the respondents during the survey was carried out using the WHO methodology (2007). Statistical processing was conducted using the STATISTICA-10.0 system and Microsoft Excel using descriptive methods of statistics and t-test (in case of normal data distribution) and Fisher (U). Differences were considered statistically significant at p <0.05. Results. When analyzing the data of the survey, the authors found that the majority of schoolchildren and their parents (legal representatives) participating in the study are familiar with the principles of healthy eating, while only about a quarter of them follow these principles. Peculiarities were revealed in indicators of respondents' adherence to the rules of healthy eating depending on nutritional status, indicating a greater proportion of children with overweight and obesity among those who are unfamiliar with the principles of healthy eating. There were no significant differences in age and place of residence. However, all groups demonstrated low consumption of milk and dairy as well as wholemeal bread, which are characterized by large amounts of useful macro- and micronutrients. Priority sources of information about the principles of healthy eating have been established. They include healthcare workers, the Internet and television, respectively. It was revealed that in most educational institutions sanitary and educational work is carried out, aimed at developing skills and the need for a healthy diet. The largest number of children participating in the implementation of educational programs is primary school students with a low proportion of middle and senior school students. Conclusions. The study concludes that implementation of programs aimed at increasing schoolchildren's knowledge about the rules of healthy eating plays a significant role in ensuring healthy nutrition of schoolchildren, which contributes to the formation of adequate adaptive capabilities of the child's body and reducing the risk of alimentary-related pathology. The authors emphasize that when developing and implementing the programs it is necessary to pay attention to the identified features in the awareness of and commitment to the principles of healthy eating among overweight and obese schoolchildren and to increase the participation of middle and senior schoolchildren. The development of a family-associated approach to solving the problem is considered to be promising.

Cadmium concentrations in hair in the population of the subjects of the Russian Federation: a systematic review

Cadmium (Cd) is one of the most toxic trace elements. The most important sources of Cd contamination by burning fossil fuels as coal or oil and incineration of urban waste, including plastics and nickel-cadmium batteries. In all countries these sources make Cd contamination an important health issue worldwide. Cd can enter the body through smoking tobacco, eating and drinking food and water polluted with Cd, and breathong. Cd concentration in human hair, nails and blood is considered as an indicator of environmental pollution. However, there is little systemized information on Cd concentration in human tissues in Russia. This is a systematic review following PRISMA guidelines. We performed a systematic search and qualitative synthesis of scientific literature on Cd concentrations in hair across Russia between 2011 and 2021. PubMed and e-library were the main sources of scientific information in English and Russian, respectively. Initial search returned 1202 matches. Twenty-nine papers remained for qualitative synthesis after screening and eligibility analysis. Studies on Cd concentrations were performed in only 19 of 85 federal subjects (22.4%). No heterogeneity was observed in sample preparation while methods of laboratory analysis varied between the settings and included inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, atomic absorption spectrometry, and inversion voltammetry. The sample sizes ranged from 12 to 5908 individuals. The average Cd concentrations varied from 0.010 mg/kg to 0.164 mg/kg. The greatest concentrations of Cd were reported from Sibai in the Orenburg Region (0.164 mg/kg), in indigenous people of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug (0.15 mg/kg) and in residents of the Arctic part of the Sakha Republic (0.14 mg/kg); The maximum values on the abovementioned regions were 7.02 mg/kg, 0.52 mg/kg, and 0.51 mg/kg. High maximum concentrations were also found in the Republic of Bashkortostan (0,9 mg/kg) and in Yaroslavl (0,37 mg/kg). Conclusion. Data on Cd concentrations in human hair from 66 federal subjects are still needed for mapping of Cd concentration in Russia. Further data collection should be performed using representative and sufficient sample samples while presentation of the results should contain detailed information on methods of data collection and analysis to ensure reproducibility and comparability of the findings.

Льготное лекарственное обеспечение пациентов в Федеральных округах и субъектах Российской Федерации

In the Russian Federation, the obligations of federal and regional authorities for Subsidized Pharmaceutical Provisionfor patients are legally defined, the issues of providing patients with drugs for the treatment of a particular nosology are analyzed with varying degree of detail, however, a comprehensive assessment of Subsidized Pharmaceutical Provision for patients with the most common diseases in the Federal Districts and federal subjects was not carried out. This was the aim of this study. We analyzed the purchase of medicines for the treatment of patients with cancer, broncho-obstructive diseases (bronchial asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) and diabetes in the Federal Districts and federal subjects of Russia though regional and federal budgeting and recalculated the total spendings per 1 patient living in the Federal District or federal subject. We found that both the federal districts and the constituent entities differed in the budget spendings for purchase of medicines for the treatment of the analyzed nosologies. In addition, we found inconsistency in the sum of funds spent on the subsidized Pharmaceutical Provision from year to year. The availability of medicines at the outpatient stage of treatment of cancer, broncho-obstructive diseases and diabetes mellitus differs greatly between the different Federal Districts and on the federal subject level. This creates unequal access to drug treatment for patients at the outpatient stage of treatment. Health authorities do not use a unified methodology for planning the demand of medicines at the outpatient stage of treatment, nor a unified strategy for Subsidized Pharmaceutical Provision xecution.

Технология создания цифровой карты сельскохозяйственных угодий на территории сельскохозяйственных организаций Ленинградской области с применением QGIS

The article deals with the technology of creating a digital map of agricultural lands in QGIS in order to form an information base on their state in individual farms. As a result of the conducted research, the authors identified the main stages of creating a digital map, defined key tasks at the stage of spatial reference of raster images and proposed ways to solve them. We developed an algorithm for creating an attribute table using the Python programming language, which enables avoiding errors in the process of filling in the semantic part of the generated information base. The main tools for digitizing raster images are highlighted, and in order to identify mistakes in the process of forming its graphical part, a topological editing module is to be used. The obtained research results can be helpful for the executive authorities of the Russian Federation subjects, local self-government bodies to make decisions in the field of land and property management of a separate entity.

СОКРАЩЕНИЕ АЗОТНОГО ПИТАНИЯ РАСТЕНИЙ ДЛЯ БОРЬБЫ С ПАРНИКОВЫМ ЭФФЕКТОМ: ОЦЕНКА ПОСЛЕДСТВИЙ ДЛЯ СЕЛЬСКОГО ХОЗЯЙСТВА

One way of reducing the anthropogenic impact on the climate is to limit the introduction of nitrogen into the soil with mineral fertilizers. This will reduce the release of volatile nitrogen compounds into the atmosphere, which have a strong greenhouse effect. A scenario analysis using the VIAPI model (an economic-mathematical model of a partial equilibrium of the wholesale agricultural markets of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation), is used to assess the changes in these markets and in the country’s agriculture as a whole in the case of reduced introduction of nitrogen into the soil with mineral fertilizers. Scenarios were investigated for a 10% reduction in national application at actual fertilizer efficiency levels and a 50% increase in efficiency to the level of best regional practices. It is shown that, in general, agriculture is able to adapt to these scenarios, reducing the gross agricultural production by only 2.09% or 2.85%, respective-ly to the baseline scenario (which does not include nitrogen application restrictions). Adaptation takes place due to changing the sectoral structure in favor of open ground vegetable production and meet cattle breeding, changing territorial structure in favor of the regions of the corresponding specialization. The decrease in nitrogen application is achieved by relatively few federal subjects, while in the rest it remains the same. If the reduction in the introduction of nitrogen into the soil with mineral fertilizers is accompanied by the efficiency growth, there is an opportunity to avoid any damage to agricultural production, both sectorally and territorially. This opportunity is conditioned by investments and, possibly, state support, the feasibility of which is to be studied within the framework of the project approach.

ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОЕ УСТРОЙСТВО СОВРЕМЕННОЙ РОССИИ В КОНТЕКСТЕ ИСТОРИИ ЕЕ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОСТИ

The article considers in a historical context one of the components of modern Russian statehood – the state structure in the form of connection between the center and the territories (at the end of the 20th – the first quarter of the 21st century). Pre-revolutionary Russia was a unitary state, which did not exclude the presence of national administrative units, for example, the Kingdom of Poland, the Grand Duchy of Finland, the presence of elements of political autonomy in some of them, and features in the organization of government bodies. As is known, numerous Soviet constitutions proclaimed the RSFSR, and then the USSR, as federal states, which in fact they were not. All the features inherent in federal states were neutralized by the actions of the highest authorities in the person of the leadership of the ruling party. The state structure of modern Russia, being federal, in some cases differs from the principles generally accepted in world practice. Asymmetry, preservation of the national principle and the use of the matryoshka type in the construction of several federal subjects, etc. are both part of Russian traditions and a tribute to the past, which cannot be ignored. The increased centralization in the relationship between the federal center and the constituent entities of the federation can be explained by the need to concentrate all the forces and means of the state in the context of a special military operation.

POLITICIZED ETHNICITY AS AN INSTITUTIONAL OBSTACLE TO THE STRENGTHENING OF THE ALL-RUSSIAN IDENTITY IN THE NORTH CAUCASUS

The article analyzes the phenomenon of politicized ethnicity in the North Caucasus, its influence on ethno-political processes and ways to reduce the risk-generating impact of this phenomenon on the ethno-political sphere of the region are proposed. The article summarizes the results of a series of studies conducted in the North Caucasus in 2018-2023: event analysis of the ethno-political situation, analysis of positive practices, mass and expert surveys, content analysis of the media, websites of national-cultural associations, blogosphere, content analysis of normative documents, content and discourse analysis of publications of North Caucasian historians. It is shown that the main factors in the politicization of ethnicity in the North Caucasus region are "hyperethnicity" and the institutionalization of ethnicity in the form of "national republics", as well as the ethno-territorial problems and claims caused by these phenomena, and the "memory paradigm" that has developed in the region. It is concluded that it is necessary to strengthen the all-Russian vector of the regional identity policy, and for this purpose a "revision" of the legislative framework in the federal subjects in the North Caucasus is required. Since at the present stage it is impossible and impractical to abandon the institution of republics, it is important to gradually introduce into the public opinion the principle of territoriality, and not titular ethnicity, as the basis of the republics in Russian Federation. It is relevant to change the humanitarian agenda of the North Caucasus, which can go in two directions: the reorientation of public consciousness to the problems of modernization of the region and the integration of the humanitarian space of the "Big South" - the North Caucasus and Southern federal districts. The reformatting of the "memory paradigm" can be achieved by expanding the historical panorama through positively oriented constructions of the historical past, as well as changing the scientific priorities of humanitarian research with an emphasis on topics related to the centuries-old experience of living together of peoples of different cultures. The materials of the article can be used in the preparation of a new Strategy of the state national policy of the Russian Federation.

Природные туристские аттракторы в регионах России: методика анализа и пространственное распределение

According to the Strategy of Tourism Development in the Russian Federation for the period up to 2035, ensuring the necessary diversity of forms and types of tourism is one of the important opportunities to accelerate its development and increase its role in the socio-economic development of the country. This study is based on the idea of natural tourist attractions (NTA) - objects of natural origin that have a relatively high aesthetic appeal or significance for people as a place of rest or short-term visit. This work aims to identify the distribution of natural tourist attractors in Russia according to available geospatial databases, and to assess the advantages and disadvantages of such approach. As a result, we classified on the processing of the OSM geospatial database natural tourist attractors with the indication of typical objects of each class; defined the distribution of the total number of attractors by the subjects of the Russian Federation; and grouped regions according to the potential of attractors of a similar structure. In total, 106 thousand natural attractors have been allocated in the Russian Federation, forming five classes. In absolute values, the number of attractors in the regions of the country ranges from 12381 (Krasnodar Krai) to 77 (Republic of Kalmykia) with average and median values for the subject of 1443 and 907 PTAs, respectively. Among the leading subjects in the number of PTAs are the Krasnodar Territory, the Altai Republic and the Republic of Crimea. According to the predominance of one or another class of attractors, the regions of the country form five groups, the most numerous are the subjects with a predominance in the structure of the PTA class of geological and geomorphological attractors and watercourses and land water bodies.

Резервные фонды в регионах России: факторы учреждения и оценка эффективности

The article considers the main characteristics of the Russian Federation subjects’ reserve funds analyzes the factors of their formation and assesses their effectiveness through the lens of the regions’ countercyclical fiscal policy. In theory, reserve funds serve not only as a source of additional budgetary funds, but also as an instrument of anti-crisis policy and financial stability. In practice, the reserve funds of Russian regions are believed not to fulfill the designated tasks, although the number of relevant studies is extremely limited. The latter determines the relevance of this study. The authors establish that the regional reserve fund of the subject as a public-law entity was established only in about half of the Russian regions and in many respects their creation coincided with the recovery growth after the crisis of 2009–2010. The theoretical provisions are also consistent with the fact that on average the reserve fund is owned by the entities whose economy is more dependent on the mining industry, has greater fiscal capacity, is less subsidized and has a lower level of debt. At the same time, greater fiscal capacity or debt sustainability can hardly be considered as factors in the creation of reserve funds. A number of models are constructed to assess the effectiveness of reserve funds of Russian regions from the point of view of countercyclical fiscal policy. It is concluded that reserve funds in their current form are ineffective for smoothing regional expenditures and maintaining overall fiscal stability. Nevertheless, many questions remain in this topic, including alternative model specifications and evaluation techniques. Based on the results obtained, the directions for further research are formulated.

The Impact of Regional Economic Conditions on Place Branding Results: The Survival Analysis Approach

Place branding became a part of regional development processes; therefore, regional conditions could affect the place branding success. Nevertheless, studies on place branding success are mostly focused on management issues, and the role of regional conditions is yet to be revealed. In this regard, the paper aims to explore how regional economic (including social and spatial) conditions affect the results of place branding activity. We assumed that regional conditions have a certain impact on place branding activities, yielding better or worse place brands survival, which we treated as the fact of observable place brand attributes continuing to exist. To test this hypothesis, a survival analysis on brands of 15 Russian regions was performed for the period from 2010 to 2021. Using the Kaplan-Meier method, we examined the impact of seven variables on place brands survival. The obtained findings confirm the positive impact on brands survival of such variables as gross regional product (GRP) per capita, regional investment, and migration attractiveness. The following variables have a negative impact: unemployment rate, the adjacency to regions already having place brands. Additionally, place brands of regions with administrative centres in smaller cities have a better survival rate than the ones with bigger cities. Finally, the impact of change of the federal subject’s head on survival was not confirmed. Thus, the present article contributes to place branding studies by unveiling the influence of regional conditions on place branding outputs and extends the methods of place branding research by using the survival analysis.

Functional Features of Languages in Ethnofederations: a Comparative Analysis

The main thesis in this article is that, along with general functions that languages perform in any unitary or federal state, languages in ethnic federations also perform specific functions determined by the organization and composition of these federations and expressed differently in multinational ethnic federations and in ethnic federations without a national state language, in so-called bi-ethnic federations and federations with three and four regional official languages. The article highlights four specific functions of languages in ethnic federations.Firstly, the ethno-linguistic principle serves as a criterion for the formation of ethnic federation subjects, thus making languages a factor in the territorial division of the latter. Secondly, the languages of ethnic federations are characterized by geographically limited nature of their action creating more obstacles to the mobility of the population and, also, to the formation of a common civil identity. Thirdly, in ethnic federations, knowledge of the official languages of their subjects is often a legally binding or default requirement in staffing government bodies and electing (appointing) officials. Fourth, taking into account the ratio of official languages - national and regional in multinational ethnic federations, as well as the ratio of regional languages of ethnic groups among themselves, - the problem of possible bilingualism emerges.

РЕГИОНЫ РОССИИ В ФОКУСЕ ИНДЕКСА КАЧЕСТВА КРЕАТИВНЫХ ПОЛИТИК

The study is devoted to assessing the quality of Russian Federation subjects’ policies in the field of creative industries. For this purpose, the special methodology and information base were developed, according to which for each region the Index of Creative policies Quality (ICQ) was calculated. The regions were ranked according to the ICQ and the results of theranking were interpreted. In accordance with the ICQ, characteristics of legal and organizational support, the representation of creative industries in regional socio-economic development strategies, the availability of region-level support and the regions’ participation in the federal support measures, all Russian regions were divided into 4 groups. The top-10 regions included Moscow, St. Petersburg, the Republic of Tatarstan, Novosibirsk, Sverdlovsk, Tomsk, Nizhny Novgorod, Tyumen, Vologda and Ulyanovsk regions. The leading regions are distinguished by the systematic approach to setting strategic priorities in the field of creative industries, the diversified organizational infrastructure and initiative in launching regional support measures. There is a connection between urbanization, economic prosperity and the quality of policies in the field of creative industries. The study showed that the policies in the field of creative industries significantly vary by the frequency of occurrence in regions. Thus, the participation in the federal agenda is more common than the developing the region-level measures, and setting goals and objectives aimed at developing creative industries in regional socio-economic development strategies is more common than the creating the specialized strategies.

К ВОПРОСУ О ВОССТАНОВЛЕНИИ ПОПУЛЯЦИИ АМУРСКОГО ГОРАЛА (NEMORHAEDUS CAUDATUS) НА СЕВЕРЕ ЕГО ИСТОРИЧЕСКОГО АРЕАЛА

The value of the Amur goral (Naemorhedus caudatus) as a fauna representative is in its rarity. Special measures for this species preservation include prohibition of hunting and its inclusion in both the Federal and some other Russian Federation subjects Red Books. However, the time proves the measures insufficient to restore it within its historical habitat, taking into account a strict territoriality of this “red book” species. This situation needs taking additional measures. The purpose of this work is to evaluate the regional state nature reserve “Dichun” suitability for the purpose of the Amur goral reintroduction. The study of this species ecology, protection and restoration has been carrying out since 1970s. Methods of trapping individuals, overexposure and transportation of them have been developed and tested for the goral population in Primorie. The analysis of the Amur goral historical habitat in Russia has shown the population subdivision into two loosely related groups – the sea coast and continental (including the Small Khingan mountains). There is no experience in the continental group reintroduction. The article substantiates the prospects for the nature reserve “Dichun” use as a landfill for the Amur goral habitat reintroduction. This area in Small Khingan mountains has been under special protection for 60 years. Restoration of the Amur goral population in the north of its historical habitat is of great importance for natural biodiversity and for attraction of tourists to the region.

Перспективные экономические специализации макрорегионов как ключевая недоработка Стратегии пространственного развития Рос- сии

Introduction: the Spatial Development Strategy of the Russian Federation was adopted in 2019 and included the development of strategies for 12 macro-regions, which, however, did not happen. At the end of 2022, the relevance of updating the Strategy has decreased: the number of the Russian Federation regions increased under the new geopolitical conditions, and the strategic agenda focus shifted to the new economic policy of the country, considering its national interests, sovereignty, and state security. Aims: to structure and detail promising economic specializations of the subjects of the Russian Federation in the context of macroregions. Methods: comparative analysis of documents, collection and analysis of quantitative data, structural analysis. Results: the calculations of promising economic specializations of the Russian Federation subjects within each macro-region, on the one hand, demonstrate the types of economic activities as promising specializations, on the other hand, do not make it possible to understand the country’s overall strategic development vector. The main factor limiting the development of lawmaking is the approach to the choice of economic specializations based on Russian Classification of Economic Activities which lacks an appropriate detailing. Conclusions: the Spatial Development Strategy of the Russian Federation needs to be adjusted in terms of eliminating substantive and methodological inconsistencies. It is necessary to restore the approach based on the sectors of the national economy to determine the promising economic specializations of the regions. The territorial grouping of the Russian Federation subjects into macro-regions has shown the functional inconsistency of artificial integrations. Spatial development should be focused on the infrastructural improvements of the Russian regions as a part of the federal districts, considering existing national projects and state development priorities.

Psychological safety of teachers of special needs schools located at different distances from the territorial center of the federal subject (region)

Psychological safety of teachers of special needs schools located at different distances from the territorial center of the federal subject (region)