Subject Location Research Articles

Membangun Self Love pada Remaja melalui Psikoedukasi

Forming an image of oneself, roles, interests, values, beliefs, and physical changes begins when entering adolescence. This generally makes teenagers vulnerable to low self-esteem due to a lack of self-love. To anticipate this, an effort is needed to build understanding among teenagers regarding self-love so that they can recognize and respect themselves through psychoeducation activities. This psychoeducation activity is carried out using three stages, namely the planning, implementation, and evaluation stages. The planning stage is carried out by surveying the subject's condition and location of the activity site and coordinating with related parties. The implementation stage of psychoeducation activities involves delivering material and cultivating understanding related to self-love. The evaluation stage is done by looking at the pre-test and post-test results. The subjects of this psychoeducational activity were 28 students at SMPN 2 Lemahabang, Cirebon Regency, aged 13-15 years. The instrument was a questionnaire, and psychoeducation activities were implemented for one month. The results of psychoeducation activities show that there is an increase in the understanding of teenagers at SMPN 2 Lemahabang regarding self-love.

Intelligent Localization and Deep Human Activity Recognition through IoT Devices.

Ubiquitous computing has been a green research area that has managed to attract and sustain the attention of researchers for some time now. As ubiquitous computing applications, human activity recognition and localization have also been popularly worked on. These applications are used in healthcare monitoring, behavior analysis, personal safety, and entertainment. A robust model has been proposed in this article that works over IoT data extracted from smartphone and smartwatch sensors to recognize the activities performed by the user and, in the meantime, classify the location at which the human performed that particular activity. The system starts by denoising the input signal using a second-order Butterworth filter and then uses a hamming window to divide the signal into small data chunks. Multiple stacked windows are generated using three windows per stack, which, in turn, prove helpful in producing more reliable features. The stacked data are then transferred to two parallel feature extraction blocks, i.e., human activity recognition and human localization. The respective features are extracted for both modules that reinforce the system's accuracy. A recursive feature elimination is applied to the features of both categories independently to select the most informative ones among them. After the feature selection, a genetic algorithm is used to generate ten different generations of each feature vector for data augmentation purposes, which directly impacts the system's performance. Finally, a deep neural decision forest is trained for classifying the activity and the subject's location while working on both of these attributes in parallel. For the evaluation and testing of the proposed system, two openly accessible benchmark datasets, the ExtraSensory dataset and the Sussex-Huawei Locomotion dataset, were used. The system outperformed the available state-of-the-art systems by recognizing human activities with an accuracy of 88.25% and classifying the location with an accuracy of 90.63% over the ExtraSensory dataset, while, for the Sussex-Huawei Locomotion dataset, the respective results were 96.00% and 90.50% accurate.

Coherent mapping of position and head direction across auditory and visual cortex.

Neurons in primary visual cortex (V1) may not only signal current visual input but also relevant contextual information such as reward expectancy and the subject's spatial position. Such contextual representations need not be restricted to V1 but could participate in a coherent mapping throughout sensory cortices. Here, we show that spiking activity coherently represents a location-specific mapping across auditory cortex (AC) and lateral, secondary visual cortex (V2L) of freely moving rats engaged in a sensory detection task on a figure-8 maze. Single-unit activity of both areas showed extensive similarities in terms of spatial distribution, reliability, and position coding. Importantly, reconstructions of subject position based on spiking activity displayed decoding errors that were correlated between areas. Additionally, we found that head direction, but not locomotor speed or head angular velocity, was an important determinant of activity in AC and V2L. By contrast, variables related to the sensory task cues or to trial correctness and reward were not markedly encoded in AC and V2L. We conclude that sensory cortices participate in coherent, multimodal representations of the subject's sensory-specific location. These may provide a common reference frame for distributed cortical sensory and motor processes and may support crossmodal predictive processing.

The Development of the Endurance Training Model Based on Technique Drill

Low endurance capabilities will make it difficult for players to compete in competitive soccer matches. Therefore, a training model is needed to increase endurance so that players can play optimally and maintain their skills. This research aims to develop an endurance training model based on technique drills. The method used was research and development (R&D), with a total sample of 55 people who were divided into two groups, namely a small group trial and a large group trial. Data collection techniques used in this study were observation and interview. The observation was conducted in the training subject's location, while the interview was conducted with the players and coaches. The data collection instruments in this study were a list of questions and questionnaires. Based on the research steps that had been conducted, an endurance training model based on soccer technique drill with 26 variations of exercises was successfully developed. In addition, from the data analysis that has been done, it can be concluded that the endurance training model based on technique drill is feasible to use, especially for young players (U-18). Young players have emotional characteristics that are still unstable and easily get bored. Therefore, in endurance training which is sometimes very boring, it is necessary to provide a more varied and attractive training model, so that motivation in undergoing the training process is maintained. This training model not only increases endurance but also improves basic soccer technical skills.

POLITIK RESISTENSI DALAM MASYARAKAT JAWA POSKOLONIAL

Resistance does not exist autonomously but as behavior or responsive attitude to the situation. Resistance occurs in various forms depending on the relations between subjects or between subjects and objects. This article explained the practice of resistance at the subject level, while the limitation of Javanese society is intended as an arena for the subject's location. Resistance is used in the postcolonial perspective, the various forms of insubordination from postcolonial subjects dealing with postcolonial implications related to resistance. This study described the systems (a mechanism) of resistance such as silence, satire, imitation of physical and language plays, demonstrations, and violence. Meanwhile, this study elaborated on the nature of resistance in ideological resistance, half-heartedness, manipulative, narcissistic, and authentic resistance.

Mydriasis-Free Flicker Electroretinograms in 204 Healthy Children Aged 0-18 Years: Reference Data From Two Cohorts.

PurposeThe purpose of this study was to summarize the flicker electroretinogram responses (ERGs) in healthy children using RETeval, a small handheld mydriasis-free full-field flicker ERG system.MethodsFlicker ERGs were recorded with the use of the RETeval system in 204 healthy children (aged 18 years and below) from 2 countries, China and the United States. The effects on ERG measurements of the subject's demographics and location were analyzed.ResultsThe implicit times have no correlation with the population (China cohort and US cohort), sex, and refractive error. In contrast, the amplitudes were dependent on demographics. The amplitude differences were small compared to the 95% reference interval; therefore, a single (age-corrected) reference interval can be used in both locations and both sexes. The implicit times and amplitudes mature over the first decade of life with exponential time constants of 2.5 years and 4.1 years, respectively, whereas most of the trend is within the first 6 years (implicit times) and 9 years (amplitudes).ConclusionsThe age dependence and percentiles obtained in this study could serve as reference data against which the ERG responses from pediatric patients can be compared.Translational RelevanceThe flicker ERG is one of the standard methods for the assessment and diagnosis of vision-related disorders. This study provides reference data in pediatric subjects, which can then be used to aid in the interpretation of flicker ERG results.

Factors correlated with intracranial interictal epileptiform discharges in refractory epilepsy.

This study was undertaken to evaluate the influence that subject-specific factors have on intracranial interictal epileptiform discharge (IED) rates in persons with refractory epilepsy. One hundred fifty subjects with intracranial electrodes performed multiple sessions of a free recall memory task; this standardized task controlled for subject attention levels. We utilized a dominance analysis to rank the importance of subject-specific factors based on their relative influence on IED rates. Linear mixed-effects models were employed to comprehensively examine factors with highly ranked importance. Antiseizure medication (ASM) status, time of testing, and seizure onset zone (SOZ) location were the highest-ranking factors in terms of their impact on IED rates. The average IED rate of electrodes in SOZs was 34% higher than the average IED rate of electrodes outside of SOZs (non-SOZ; p<.001). However, non-SOZ electrodes had similar IED rates regardless of the subject's SOZ location (p=.99). Subjects on older generation (p<.001) and combined generation (p<.001) ASM regimens had significantly lower IED rates relative to the group taking no ASMs; newer generation ASM regimens demonstrated a nonsignificant association with IED rates (p=.13). Of the ASMs included in this study, the following ASMs were associated with significant reductions in IED rates: levetiracetam (p<.001), carbamazepine (p<.001), lacosamide (p=.03), zonisamide (p=.01), lamotrigine (p=.03), phenytoin (p=.03), and topiramate (p=.01). We observed a nonsignificant association between time of testing and IED rates (morning-afternoon p=.15, morning-evening p=.85, afternoon-evening p=.26). The current study ranks the relative influence that subject-specific factors have on IED rates and highlights the importance of considering certain factors, such as SOZ location and ASM status, when analyzing IEDs for clinical or research purposes.

An information-theory approach to geometry for animal groups

One of the hardest problems in studying animal behaviour is to quantify patterns of social interaction at the group level. Recent technological developments in global positioning system (GPS) devices have opened up new avenues for locating animals with unprecedented spatial and temporal resolution. Likewise, advances in computing power have enabled new levels of data analyses with complex mathematical models to address unresolved problems in animal behaviour, such as the nature of group geometry and the impact of group-level interactions on individuals. Here, we present an information theory-based tool for the analysis of group behaviour. We illustrate its affordances with GPS data collected from a freely interacting pack of 15 Siberian huskies (Canis lupus familiaris). We found that individual freedom in movement decisions was limited to about 4%, while a subject's location could be predicted with 96% median accuracy by the locations of other group members. Dominant individuals were less affected by other individuals' locations than subordinate ones, and same-sex individuals influenced each other more strongly than opposite-sex individuals. We also found that kinship relationships increased the mutual dependencies of individuals. Moreover, the network stability of the pack deteriorated with an upcoming feeding event. Together, we conclude that information theory-based approaches, coupled with state-of-the-art bio-logging technology, provide a powerful tool for future studies of animal social interactions beyond the dyadic level.

Multiplexing of Information about Self and Others in Hippocampal Ensembles

In addition to coding a subject's location in space, the hippocampus has been suggested to code social information, including the spatial position of conspecifics. "Social place cells" have been reported for tasks in which an observer mimics the behavior of a demonstrator. We examine whether rat hippocampal neurons may encode the behavior of a minirobot, but without requiring the animal to mimic it. Rather than finding social place cells, we observe that robot behavioral patterns modulate place fields coding animal position. This modulation may be confounded by correlations between robot movement and changes in the animal's position. Although rat position indeed significantly predicts robot behavior, we find that hippocampal ensembles code additional information about robot movement patterns. Fast-spiking interneurons are particularly informative about robot position and global behavior. In conclusion, when the animal's own behavior is conditional on external agents, the hippocampus multiplexes information about self and others.

South Africa and the Politics of Coevality

ABSTRACTThe argument that I make in this article is that in leaving the prison house of apartheid, South Africa generated exclusive categories of belonging (framed around multiracial nationalism and citizenship) at the expense of a pan-African politics. By reading South African engagements with the African diaspora as a signifier of disavowed solidarities, this article does a number of things. It traces disassociations with being African as constitutive, rather than epiphenomenal, to South Africa's project of freedom. I suggest that, more than two decades after apartheid, grappling with xenophobia, for instance, is not about coming to terms with what's gone “wrong” with South Africa. Rather, it is about reckoning with something internal to the logic of the country's construction and the ongoing negotiation of its history and contradictions. Working across genres and with a range of theoretical and narrative interventions by diasporic African intellectuals and creatives after 1994, I argue that narratives that engage with questions of diaspora after South Africa's transitional years offer an important vista from which to read these tensions. In thinking through the diasporic African subject's location between multiple national histories, freedom and death, tentative and conditional belonging, I propose a way of reading the cultural politics of identity in South Africa from what it refuses to be rather than its expectant narratives. This emerges as an important vantage point from which to reanimate the urgencies of pan-Africanist solidarities.

Human perception of whole body roll-tilt orientation in a hypogravity analog: underestimation and adaptation.

Overestimation of roll tilt in hypergravity ("G-excess" illusion) has been demonstrated, but corresponding sustained hypogravic conditions are impossible to create in ground laboratories. In this article we describe the first systematic experimental evidence that in a hypogravity analog, humans underestimate roll tilt. We studied perception of self-roll tilt in nine subjects, who were supine while spun on a centrifuge to create a hypogravity analog. By varying the centrifuge rotation rate, we modulated the centripetal acceleration (GC) at the subject's head location (0.5 or 1 GC) along the body axis. We measured orientation perception using a subjective visual vertical task in which subjects aligned an illuminated bar with their perceived centripetal acceleration direction during tilts (±11.5-28.5°). As hypothesized, based on the reduced utricular otolith shearing, subjects initially underestimated roll tilts in the 0.5 GC condition compared with the 1 GC condition (mean perceptual gain change = -0.27, P = 0.01). When visual feedback was given after each trial in 0.5 GC, subjects' perceptual gain increased in approximately exponential fashion over time (time constant = 16 tilts or 13 min), and after 45 min, the perceptual gain was not significantly different from the 1 GC baseline (mean gain difference between 1 GC initial and 0.5 GC final = 0.16, P = 0.3). Thus humans modified their interpretation of sensory cues to more correctly report orientation during this hypogravity analog. Quantifying the acute orientation perceptual learning in such an altered gravity environment may have implications for human space exploration on the moon or Mars. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Humans systematically overestimate roll tilt in hypergravity. However, human perception of orientation in hypogravity has not been quantified across a range of tilt angles. Using a centrifuge to create a hypogravity centripetal acceleration environment, we found initial underestimation of roll tilt. Providing static visual feedback, perceptual learning reduced underestimation during the hypogravity analog. These altered gravity orientation perceptual errors and adaptation may have implications for astronauts.

Home-Based Virtual Reality-Augmented Training Improves Lower Limb Muscle Strength, Balance, and Functional Mobility following Chronic Incomplete Spinal Cord Injury.

Canton of Zurich ethics committee (EK-24/2009, PB_2016-00545), ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02149186. Registered 24 April 2014.

변형된 가중치 마스크를 이용한 에지검출 알고리즘에 관한 연구

에지는 영상에서 화소 간의 명암 차이가 큰 경우에 나타나며, 대상의 크기, 위치, 방향 등의 정보를 포함한다. 에지검출 방법에는 Sobel, Roberts, Laplacian, LoG(Laplacian of Gaussian) 등이 있으며, 이러한 방법들은 AWGN(additive white Gaussian noise)이 첨가된 영상에서 그 특성이 미흡하다. 따라서 이러한 특성을 개선하기 위하여 본 논문에서는 거리에 따른 가중치와 주변 화소의 평균에 의한 추정 마스크를 적용하는 알고리즘을 제안하였다. 그리고 제안한 방법의 성능을 확인하기 위하여 평가 척도는 처리 영상 및 PFOM(Pratt's figure of merit)을 사용하여 기존의 방법들과 비교하였다. Edge in images appears when a great difference shows up in light and shade between pixels and includes data of the subject's size, location direction and etc. The edge is generally detected by the methods such as Sobel, Roberts, Laplacian, LoG(Laplacian of Gaussian) and etc. However, in AWGN(additive white Gaussian noise) added images, quality of the edge becomes slightly uncertain. Therefore, this paper proposed edge detection algorithm using modified mask of weighting to improve the quality of the existing methods. And in order to verify the performance efficiency of the proposed method, processed image and PFOM(Pratt's figure of merit) has been used as valuation standard for a comparison with the existing methods.

Hippocampal place-cell sequences depict future paths to remembered goals

Effective navigation requires planning extended routes to remembered goal locations. Hippocampal place cells have been proposed to play a role in navigational planning but direct evidence has been lacking. Here, we show that prior to goal-directed navigation in an open arena, the hippocampus generates brief sequences encoding spatial trajectories strongly biased to progress from the subject’s current location to a known goal location. These sequences predict immediate future behavior, even in cases when the specific combination of start and goal locations is novel. These results suggest that hippocampal sequence events previously characterized in linearly constrained environments as ‘replay’ are also capable of supporting a goal-directed, trajectory-finding mechanism, which identifies important places and relevant behavioral paths, at specific times when memory retrieval is required, and in a manner which could be used to control subsequent navigational behavior.

Is Location Associated With High Risk of Hypertension? Shimane COHRE Study

There is growing evidence that residential environment is associated with hypertension. Recently, interest has also turned toward examining the possible influence of remoteness on hypertension. The aim of this study is to explore the effect of remoteness, the shortest path between the subject location and the population center, on hypertension prevalence in a rural region in Japan. We analyzed data from the Shimane COHRE Study conducted from 2006 to 2009 in rural mountainous regions of Japan. After excluding the missing data, we conducted a logistic regression analysis of the data for 1,348 individuals. Geographic information systems (GIS) were used in the network analysis. Network analysis determined the distance between subject's location and population center on road networks, and the distance was divided into tertiles: 0-26,685.8 m = close distance, 26,685.9 m-38,350.6 m = moderate distance, 38,350.7 m-68,070.1 m = far distance. According to self-reported hypertension, the odds ratios for hypertension (taking antihypertensive medication or under treatment for hypertension without medication) were 1.44 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.04-1.99) and 1.78 (95% CI: 1.29-2.46) in moderate and far distances, respectively, after adjustment for potential confounders. The odds ratios no longer remained significant after considering the measurement of blood pressure (BP) to define hypertension (taking antihypertensive medication or under treatment for hypertension without medication or BP ≥ 140/90 mm Hg for systolic BP (SBP)/diastolic BP (DBP)). Our findings show that residential remoteness might be associated with a higher risk of hypertension in a rural region in Japan.

Volumetric navigators for prospective motion correction and selective reacquisition in neuroanatomical MRI

We introduce a novel method of prospectively compensating for subject motion in neuroanatomical imaging. Short three-dimensional echo-planar imaging volumetric navigators are embedded in a long three-dimensional sequence, and the resulting image volumes are registered to provide an estimate of the subject's location in the scanner at a cost of less than 500 ms, ~ 1% change in contrast, and ~3% change in intensity. This time fits well into the existing gaps in sequences routinely used for neuroimaging, thus giving a motion-corrected sequence with no extra time required. We also demonstrate motion-driven selective reacquisition of k-space to further compensate for subject motion. We perform multiple validation experiments to evaluate accuracy, navigator impact on tissue intensity/contrast, and the improvement in final output. The complete system operates without adding additional hardware to the scanner and requires no external calibration, making it suitable for high-throughput environments.

Main subject detection via adaptive feature refinement

Main subject detection (MSD) refers to the task of determining which spatial regions in an image correspond to the most visually relevant or scene-defining object(s) for general viewing purposes. This task, while trivial for a human, remains extremely challenging for a computer. Here, we present an algorithm for MSD which operates by adaptively refining low-level features. The algorithm computes, in a block-based fashion, five feature maps corresponding to lightness distance, color distance, contrast, local sharpness, and edge strength. These feature maps are adaptively combined and gradually refined via three stages. The final combination of the refined feature maps produces an estimate of the main subject's location. We tested the proposed algorithm on two extensive image databases. Our results show that relatively simple, low-level features, when used in an adaptive and iterative fashion, can be very effective at MSD.

Emergency Fall Incidents Detection in Assisted Living Environments Utilizing Motion, Sound, and Visual Perceptual Components

This paper presents the implementation details of a patient status awareness enabling human activity interpretation and emergency detection in cases, where the personal health is threatened like elder falls or patient collapses. The proposed system utilizes video, audio, and motion data captured from the patient's body using appropriate body sensors and the surrounding environment, using overhead cameras and microphone arrays. Appropriate tracking techniques are applied to the visual perceptual component enabling the trajectory tracking of persons, while proper audio data processing and sound directionality analysis in conjunction to motion information and subject's visual location can verify fall and indicate an emergency event. The postfall visual and motion behavior of the subject, which indicates the severity of the fall (e.g., if the person remains unconscious or patient recovers) is performed through a semantic representation of the patient's status, context and rules-based evaluation, and advanced classification. A number of advanced classification techniques have been examined in the framework of this study and their corresponding performance in terms of accuracy and efficiency in detecting an emergency situation has been thoroughly assessed.

Patient‐adaptive reconstruction and acquisition in dynamic imaging with sensitivity encoding (PARADISE)

MRI of the human heart without explicit cardiac synchronization promises to extend the applicability of cardiac MR to a larger patient population and potentially expand its diagnostic capabilities. However, conventional nongated imaging techniques typically suffer from low image quality or inadequate spatio-temporal resolution and fidelity. Patient-Adaptive Reconstruction and Acquisition in Dynamic Imaging with Sensitivity Encoding (PARADISE) is a highly accelerated nongated dynamic imaging method that enables artifact-free imaging with high spatio-temporal resolutions by utilizing novel computational techniques to optimize the imaging process. In addition to using parallel imaging, the method gains acceleration from a physiologically driven spatio-temporal support model; hence, it is doubly accelerated. The support model is patient adaptive, i.e., its geometry depends on dynamics of the imaged slice, e.g., subject's heart rate and heart location within the slice. The proposed method is also doubly adaptive as it adapts both the acquisition and reconstruction schemes. Based on the theory of time-sequential sampling, the proposed framework explicitly accounts for speed limitations of gradient encoding and provides performance guarantees on achievable image quality. The presented in-vivo results demonstrate the effectiveness and feasibility of the PARADISE method for high-resolution nongated cardiac MRI during short breath-hold.

ADVANCED CLASSIFICATION AND RULES-BASED EVALUATION OF MOTION, VISUAL AND BIOSIGNAL DATA FOR PATIENT FALL INCIDENT DETECTION

The monitoring of human physiological data, in both normal and abnormal situations of activity, is interesting for the purpose of emergency event detection, especially in the case of elderly people living on their own. Several techniques have been proposed for identifying such distress situations using either motion, audio or video data from the monitored subject and the surrounding environment. This paper aims to present an integrated patient fall detection system that may be used for patient activity recognition and emergency treatment. Visual data captured from the user's environment, using overhead cameras among with motion and physiological data collected from the subject's body are utilized. Appropriate tracking techniques are applied to the aforementioned visual perceptual component enabling the trajectory tracking of the subjects, while acceleration data from the sensors can indicate a fall incident. Trajectory information and subject's visual location can verify fall and indicate an emergency event, whereas the interpretation of biosignals like electrocardiogram (ECG) and blood oxygen saturation (SPO2) can indicate the severity of the incident with the help of rules-based evaluation. The paper includes also the assessment of several classifiers and meta-classifiers in terms of accuracy in detecting falls and a user based evaluation.