Subjects In Experimental Group Research Articles

An experimental study to assess the effectiveness of cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) on level of self-esteem of nursing students in selected nursing colleges of Delhi / UP

Introduction: Self- esteem is an evaluative component of self- concept, it is an overall assessment of the individual’s worthiness, expressed in a positive or negative orientation towards them. Self-esteem plays a very important role for development during adolescent period. The formation of self -esteem and shaping of personality is of pronounced significance during adolescent period. If adolescents are given suitable instructions/intervention during this period; their self -esteem levels can be elevated which will affect their personality development. The present study is undertaken with the aim to assess and evaluate the effectiveness of cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) on self-esteem of nursing students studying in selected nursing college of Delhi / UP. Methods: A quasi-experimental pre-test post-test research design was adopted with convenient sampling technique was used for selecting the samples for study. The sample consists of 60 nursing students studying in selected nursing colleges of Delhi / U.P. (30 for control group and 30 for experimental group). A pre-assessment was done on the 1st day for both the groups and Cognitive behaviour Therapy (CBT) was administered to subjects in experimental group in three sessions i.e., Day 3, day 6, and day 9. The post assessment was done after one week. Tools developed and used for data collection were, structured interview schedule and Rosenberg self-esteem scale to check the self-esteem among nursing student. Results: The researcher found that cognitive behaviour therapy is effective in improving self-esteem of nursing students. The data was analysed and interpreted as per objectives and the research hypothesis stated. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used for data analysis. Results shows that there was significant difference between mean post test scores of nursing students in experimental group (31.16) is higher than the pre-test self- esteem score (29) and Calculated Paired t test value (3.5828) is greater than the table value 2.045, which is statistically significant at 0.05 level of significance. The CHI Square test and Fisher’s exact test was used to find out the association between the post-test SE score with the demographic variables. It was found that, there is no significant association between the post-test SE scores with selected demographic variables found as the p value obtained is greater than 0.05. Conclusion: The conclusion of the study reveals that Cognitive behaviour Therapy is effective in improving the self-esteem of nursing students.

Effectuality of Aerobic Exercise in Alleviating Signs and Symptoms of PCOS Among Female Nursing Students at Selected Nursing College of Hubballi, Karnataka

Introduction: Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a common multifaceted disorder found among females of the reproductive age. The disease is on its rise because of lifestyle and environmental changes occurring with modernization. Prevalence of PCOS is highly variable ranging from 2.2% to 26% globally. In India the prevalence was reported 9.13% and 22.5% by Rotterdam’s criteria and androgen excess society criteria respectively. Aerobic Exercise increases energy expenditure and physical activity in PCOS have shown to have a good impact on improving the anthropometric measurements such as body mass index, waist circumference, and metabolic parameters such as total cholesterol, IR, and lipid profile thus reducing metabolic syndrome and other risk factors associated with PCOS such as type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular and infertility. Statement of Problem: “Effectuality of aerobic exercise in alleviating signs and symptoms of PCOS among female nursing students at selected nursing college of Hubballi.” Objectives: To assess the signs and symptoms of nursing students with PCOS in both the experimental and control group. To evaluate the effectiveness of aerobic exercise in alleviating signs and symptoms PCOS among nursing students with PCOS in experimental group. To compare the post-test scores regarding signs and symptoms of PCOS of nursing students in experimental and control group. To find out an association between pre-test scores of experimental group with their selected socio-demographical variables. To find out an association between pre-test scores of control group with their selected socio-demographical variables. Methodology: A study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness aerobic exercise in alleviating signs and symptoms of PCOS among nursing students of selected Nursing College, Hubballi. The research design used for the study was Quasi-experimental; Pre-Test, Post- Test Control Group Design. The setting of the study was KLES’s Institute of Nursing Sciences, Vidyanagar, Hubballi and SVP MVP Institute of Nursing Sciences, Hubballi. Results: Revealed that in experimental group, majority of subjects 9(60%) had moderate PCOS symptoms, 6(40%) had severe menstrual symptoms in pre-test, where as in post test 9(60%) had mild PCOS symptoms and 6(40%) had moderate PCOS symptoms. In control group, majority of the subjects 10(66%) severe PCOS symptoms and 5(34%) had moderate PCOS symptoms in pre test, where as in post-test all of the subjects 15(100%) had moderate PCOS symptoms. In Experimental Group The calculated value of paired ‘t’ value (tcal= 13.62)* was greater than the tabulated value (ttab=2.14). Hence H1 was accepted. In Control Group. The calculated value of paired ‘t’ value (tcal= 9.81)* was greater than the tabulated value (t tab=2.14). Hence H2 was accepted. The calculated unpaired ‘t’ value for experimental and control group t cal value (8.00)* was greater than the ttab value (2.043). This indicates that the mean reduction in PCOS symptom scores of nursing students in the experimental group who have practiced aerobic exercises was higher than those in the control group Hence H3 was accepted. There was no statistical association between pre test PCOS symptom scores of the subjects in experimental group and their selected demographic variables Hence H4 was rejected. There was no statistical association between pre-test PCOS symptom scores of the subjects in control group and their selected demographic variables. Hence H5 was not accepted. Conclusion: Therefore, the study concluded that, the overall pre-test PCOS score was moderate to severe. The post-test scores of nursing students who performed aerobic exercise showed significant reduction in signs & symptoms of PCOS. There was no significant association between the pre test hemoglobin level of subjects and their selected demographic variable. Keywords: PCOS, Aerobic exercise, nursing students, experimental group, control group.

Effectiveness of Ivermectin among COVID-19 patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Objectives: To determine the effectiveness of Ivermectin among COVID-19 patients in terms of mortality and biochemical / hematological attributes.
 Materials and Methods: A Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT) was carried out in Department of Infectious Diseases (DID) of Holy Family Hospital Rawalpindi during March 2021 through concurrent parallel study design. Apart from seeking Ethical approval for this research, DID was also licensed from Drug Regulatory Authority of Pakistan (DRAP) for this trial. Total 90 PCR positive COVID-19 patients were enrolled in this study via 1:1 randomization in experimental and control group without blinding. The control group received Standard of Care (SOC) starting from day 1 while experimental group was given SOC along with Ivermectin (200µg/kg) for 5 days. Study participants were assessed on day 0, 4, 7 and 10 for general symptoms through physical examination, blood oxygen saturation and diverse hematological and biochemical indicators in addition to adverse events. Data analysis was done by means of SPSS version 25.0. and Microsoft Excel 2010. Mean ± SD for age, length of hospital stay and time to PCR negativity were calculated. Independent sample t-test was applied to determine the mean difference in age, duration of hospital stay, time to PCR negativity, SpO2, oxygen supply, serum Hemoglobin, TLC, platelet count, Clinical Severity Score (CSS), urea and creatinine levels of both groups. The difference in secondary outcome (expiry / discharge) of both groups was compared by means of chi-square test. P-value ≤ 0.05 was considered significant. 95% Confidence Interval was also computed. Relative Risk (RR) was also measured to verify the effectiveness of Ivermectin in COVID patients
 Results: Males constituted the majority (56.7%) of our study participants. Statistically insignificant difference in mean age (P = 0.42) and mean length of hospital stay (P= 0.32) between experimental and control group subjects was observed. Mean time to PCR negativity was reported to be significantly less (P= 0.002) in experimental group. Significant improvement was seen in PCR negativity (P<0.05), mean Clinical Severity Score (CSS) (P0.02), mean hemoglobin level (P=0.03) and mean platelet count (P=0.03). Difference in health outcome of both groups was determined to be statistically insignificant (P<0.2, 95% CI (-0.20 – 0.12)). Relative Risk of 0.8 proved the protective effect of Ivermectin in COVID.
 Conclusion: Ivermectin was quite effective in reducing mortality and improving the health outcome in COVID-19 patients.

Effectiveness of psychosocial intervention for internalizing behavior problems among children of parents with alcohol dependence: Randomized controlled trial.

BACKGROUNDParental drinking has a direct bearing on children. Behavioral problems such as anxiety and depression are common problems among children whose parents drink heavily. Psychosocial interventions have shown promising results for anxiety and depression among children; however, few studies have been conducted in the context of children of parents with alcohol dependence in India.AIMTo evaluate the efficacy of psychosocial intervention for internalizing behavioral problems among children of parents with alcohol dependence.METHODSA randomized controlled trial with a 2 × 4 factorial design was adopted with longitudinal measurement of outcomes for 6 mo. Two-hundred and eleven children who met the eligibility criteria (at least one parent with alcohol dependence) at government high schools in Bangalore, India, were randomized to the experimental (n = 97) or control group (n = 98). The psychosocial intervention was administered to the experimental group in eight sessions (biweekly) over 4 wk after baseline assessment. The intervention focused on identifying and modifying negative thoughts, replacing thinking errors with realistic alternatives, modification of maladaptive behavior, developing adaptive coping skills and building self-esteem. The data was collected pre-intervention and at 1, 3 and 6 mo after the intervention. Data were analyzed using SPSS 28.0 version. RESULTSMean age of the children was 14.68 ± 0.58 years, 60.5% were male, 56% were studying in 9th standard, 70.75% were from nuclear families, and mean family monthly income was 9588.1 ± 3135.2 INR. Mean duration of parental alcohol dependence was 7.52 ± 2.94 years and the father was the alcohol-consuming parent. The findings showed that there were significant psychosocial intervention effects in terms of decreasing anxiety and depression scores, and increasing self-esteem level among experimental group subjects over the 6-mo interval, when compared with the control group (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONThe present study demonstrated that the psychosocial intervention was effective in reducing anxiety and depression, and increasing self-esteem among children of parents with alcohol dependence. The study recommends the need for ongoing psychosocial intervention for these children.

아동학대 예방교육 프로그램이 신고의도에 미치는 효과

The purpose of this study is to confirm the effect of the child abuse prevention education program on the promotion of the intention to report child abuse. Subjects of experimental group watched VOD with child abuse prevention instruction developed by this researcher in 2019, and those in contrast group watched VOD with child abuse prevention instruction spread by Central- Child Protection Agency in 2016. All advance tests of both groups were taken from the 17th to 30th of August in 2019 and participants joining in each others' program were asked to participate in this program education and take the post-test after watching VODs for 10 whole days (from September 27th to October 6th in 2019). I used SPSS 18.0 for analyzing data, and three-way mixed ANOVA. According to this study, the experimental group offered child-abuse prevention instruction developed by this researcher showed that all the scores of intention to report child abuse rose meaningfully higher toward both the cases that can be recognized strongly and weakly to be child-abuse than the contrast group trained with existing child-abuse prevention instruction. and I confirmed that this program has an effect on child abuse prevention instruction through on-line.

The Efficacy of Sexual Intercourse Or Masturbation For The Expulsion Of Distal Ureteral Stones In Men: A Systematic Review And Meta-analysis Of Randomized-controlled Trials.

Several randomized-controlled trials (RCTs) were performed to compare the efficacy of sexual intercourse or masturbation and no sexual activity in treating distal ureteral stones, indicating conflicting results. The meta-analysis was conducted to assess the role of sexual intercourse or masturbation in the treatment of distal ureteral calculi. PubMed, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, Scopus, Clinicaltrail.gov, and Web of Science were searched by October 2021. Men who were instructed of no sexual intercourse or masturbation, and only received standard symptomatic treatment are comparators. Relative risk (RR), weighted mean difference (WMD), and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using random or fixed effects models. Five RCTs including 500 subjects were analyzed in the study. Compared with controls, subjects in experimental group had significantly higher expulsion rate at 2nd and 4th week (95%CI: 1.334 to 2.638, RR: 1.876, I2 = 73.6%, P < .001; 95%CI: 1.148 to 1.752, RR: 1.418, I2 = 55.9%, P < .001), significantly decreased requirement for analgesic injections (95%CI: -1.071 to -.126, WMD: -.598, I2 = 90.3%, P = .013), and significantly shorter expulsion time (95%CI: -6.941 to -.436, WMD: -3.689, I2 = 83.7%, P = .026). Performing sexual intercourse or masturbation 3 or 4 times a week can be an alternative treatment option of distal ureteral calculi (0-10 mm in size). However, more clinical evidence with better designs solving raised concerns is warranted.

Comparative effect of Gong’s mobilization and Spencer technique to manage frozen shoulder

IntroductionPhysical therapy plays a significant role in managing frozen shoulder (FS), and it includes applying manual mobilization techniques to reduce pain, restore the extensibility of the shoulder capsule and increase range of motion (ROM). Objective: To compare the effectiveness of Gong's mobilization (GM) and Spencer technique (ST) in reducing pain, functional disability, and improving shoulder ROM on FS patients.MethodsA pre-and-post-test experimental study design was adopted, where thirty patients (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 30) diagnosed with unilateral FS were selected and randomized into two groups of 15 using a simple random technique. Subjects in experimental group 1(EG-I) received ST technique and ultrasound therapy (US), with Codman’s pendular exercise (CPE). Whereas experimental group II (EG-II) received GM technique and US, with CPE. The intervention lasted five days and consisted of one session every day. Three variables were assessed to study the treatment effectiveness both at the pre-intervention and at the end of the first week: (i) pain intensity as measured by the Visual Analogue Scale; (ii) shoulder ROM as measured by a goniometer (abduction, flexion, and medial rotation (MR)); and (iii) functional disability as measured by SPADI (Shoulder Pain Disability Index).ResultsThe EG-II showed a better reduction in pain intensity (mean difference (MD) of 0.87), SPADI (MD of 7), and increase in shoulder ROM (MD: 'abduction': 15.76; ‘Flexion’: 15.67; ‘MR’: 10.33) than the EG-I at 0.05 levels of significance.ConclusionsGong’s mobilization was found to be more effective than Spencer's technique with ultrasound therapy and CPE in treating patients with FS.

Effectiveness of a Tailored Psychosocial Intervention on Self Esteem of Adolescents Studying in Selected High Schools of Bagalkot

Background: Adolescence is a stage of development in which there are multiple changes in physical, cognitive, psychological and socio-cultural levels. Hence thorough understanding of adolescence in society is helps to increasing their self esteem. Therefore, this study was aimed to assess the effectiveness of a Tailored Psychosocial Intervention on self esteem of adolescents studying in selected High schools of Bagalkot. Methodology: This was a randomized controlled trail with pre-test post-test control group design. A Simple Random sample of 60 adolescents was selected from at Govt high school Navanagar, Bagalkot and Sajjalashree high School, Navanagar, Bagalkot. Socio demographic information of adolescents was gathered using structured socio demographic profile and self esteem was assessed using Rosenberg’s self esteem inventory scale. Data were analyzed in terms of objectives of the study. Findings: Result indicates that majority of the adolescents of both experimental group (60%) and control group (53.33%) had high self-esteem. A statistically significant difference was found between post test self esteem scores of experimental group and control group subjects [t=5.84, p&lt;0.01]. There was a significant association found between self esteem scores of adolescents with their family monthly income (x2 = 16.44, P &lt; 0.01). Conclusion: The finding of the study concluded that the adolescents had high self esteem. The implementation of Tailored Psychosocial Intervention programme to the experimental group improved self esteem to a greater degree as compared to control group. Keywords: Adolescence, Self esteem, Effectiveness, Tailored Psychosocial Intervention and Socio-demographic variables.

Effectiveness of Social Skill Training Programme on Social Anxiety and Self-Esteem among Adolescents

Background: Social skill training is one of the most effective management for the client with social anxiety and self-esteem. Hence the investigator felt the need to evaluate the effectiveness of social skill training programme on social anxiety and self-esteem. Aim: to assess the effectiveness of social skill training program on social anxiety and self-esteem among adolescents studying in selected high schools of Bagalkot.” Methodology: True experimental study with pre test- post test control group design with 100 subjects selected through simple random sampling technique and assigned 50 adolescents to experimental group and 50 adolescents to control group by using computer generated random numbers. Data was collected using Kutcher Generalized Social Anxiety Disorder scale to assess the social anxiety and Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale to assess the self-esteem among adolescents. Social skill training program was administered for 45mins to 1 hour for 6 consecutive days for experimental group. Data were analyzed by using descriptive and inferential statistics in terms of frequency distribution, percentage, mean, mean percentage, Standard Deviation, paired‘t’ test, Unpaired ‘t’ test and Chi-square test. Findings: Findings related to significance of difference between post test social anxiety and self-esteem scores of experimental group and control group subjects revealed that, a statistically significant difference was found between post test social anxiety scores of experimental group and control group subjects [t=7.23), p&lt;0.05].Similarly there was a statistically significant difference found between post-test self-esteem scores of experimental group and control group subjects [t=6.71, p&lt;0.05]. Conclusion: The study proved that Social skill training programme on social anxiety and self-esteem among adolescents was effective, scientific, logical and cost effective strategy. Keywords: Adolescents, Social anxiety, Self-esteem, Effectiveness, Social skill training programme and Socio-demographic variables.

Dietary and Biochemical Profile of Congolese Athletes in Endurance Races during International Competition

Biochemical parameters are useful in the diagnosis of many health abnormalities in athletes. Some studies suggest training well and eating a balanced diet to improve performance. The modification of biochemical parameters during endurance races has not yet been studied in many African countries. Our objective was to evaluate the dietary profile and the effects of competition on the biochemical parameters of Congolese endurance athletes. The method used was the questionnaire for the food profile and blood samples were taken to measure the biochemical parameters of the athletes. A total of 64 athletes, i.e. 20 girls and 44 boys divided into two groups (group 1 or experimental group (EG), 32 endurance athletes and group 2 or control group (CG), 32 walkers who participated in a cross-sectional study in Brazzaville. The subjects were respectively 26.16 ± 2.79 years old for the EG and 27.44 ± 3.34 years old for the CG. The results indicated that quality foods were difficult to access. The main course was more consumed compared to the starter and dessert (60% of girls and 63.63 of boys). However, biochemical parameters showed a significantly lower serum creatinine concentration in EG subjects compared to CG subjects (0.86 ± 0.06 mg/dl vs 1.04 ± 0.16 mg/dl; t = ?5.95; p 0.05). Similarly, Total Cholesterol was significantly low (1.66 ± 0.34 g/l vs 2.09 ± 0.50 g/l; t = ?3.99; p < 0.000). Cholesterol concentrations of EG subjects (HDL-C) were significantly elevated (0.98 ± 0.49 g/l vs 0.48 ± 0.18 g/l; t = 5.34; p < 0.000). In conclusion, the biochemical data were normal but the food profile of the runners was unfavorable, inadequate and unbalanced. This is considered to be a performance limiting factor.

Enhancing safe motherhood: Effect of novel partograph on labor outcomes and its utility: An Indian perspective.

Safe motherhood ensures safe pregnancy and childbirth. One of the noteworthy causes of maternal morbidity and mortality is the complications arising from prolonged or obstructed labour. World Health Organization recommends the use of partograph to significantly reduce the maternal mortality crisis. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a novel partograph in terms of maternal and perinatal outcomes along with its utility. A total of 400 intranatal women were selected in a non-randomized control trial to evaluate the effectiveness of novel partograph on selected maternal and perinatal outcomes. Subjects in experimental group (n=200) received care with newly developed partograph whereas subjects in control group (n=200) received standard care. Effectiveness was determined at a significance level of α ≤ 0.05. Utility of the novel partograph was determined as perceived by nurses. There was significant reduction in the duration of the 1st and 2nd stage of labour (P=0.023 and 0.006 respectively) and number of vaginal examinations performed during labour (P=0.017) among mothers in the experimental group. Significant improvement in the Apgar score (P=0.005) was also observed among the infants of mothers in experimental group. Novel partograph was considered as of having extreme utility by 71% nurses. Study concluded that subjects monitored by the partograph experienced improved maternal and perinatal outcomes. It was found to be having extreme utility.

Properties and Modification of Bismuth‐Layered Structure Ferroelectric Materials and Application in Sports

Bismuth‐layered oxides are a very important class of ferroelectric materials. Due to their special structure, they have outstanding features in many aspects, such as high Curie temperature, large spontaneous polarization, polarization stability to temperature, high voltage resistance, low dielectric loss, and excellence. Due to its antifatigue properties, the system is very suitable for applications in nonvolatile random access memory and high‐temperature sensors. The purpose of this paper is to study the application of the performance and modification of bismuth‐layered ferroelectric materials in sports scientific research. Proposed the combination of new materials and sports scientific research projects. This article uses sample analysis and (the comparative experiment method is a method to compare the experimental group and the control group to illustrate the superiority of the experiment) comparative experiment methods, sets up an experimental group and a control group, summarizes the algorithm rules through the study of the microscopic properties of nanomaterials, and designs a numerical simulation program. The experimental results in this article show that after receiving hyperbaric oxygen recovery in the first week, the heart rate of the experimental group subjects has a significant change, which is significantly lower than the initial value (p &lt; 0.05), from 58.0 to 53.0, The higher pressure oxygen had a very significant drop before recovery, from 62.9 to 53.0. In the second week and the third week, the heart rate index decreased significantly after 1 hour of hyperbaric oxygen recovery (p &lt; 0.01), from 54.3 to 49.3 and 56.1 to 52.4, respectively. After the fourth week of intensity training, the heart rate increased significantly from the initial value (p &lt; 0.05), from 49.6 to 55.2. After 1 hour of hyperbaric oxygen recovery, there was a significant decrease compared with before the hyperbaric oxygen recovery (p &lt; 0.05), dropped from 55.2 to 53.1. Illustrate the success of the experimental results. It also completed the subject of interaction and combination of the performance and modification of bismuth‐layered ferroelectric materials in sports scientific research.

The effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy on emotional processing in female students with social anxiety disorder

Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy on emotional processes in girls with social anxiety disorder. Methods: The present study was a quasi-experimental study with a pretest-posttest design and follow-up with a control group. The statistical population of the present study included all 26 to 18 years old female undergraduate students of Guilan University (11271 people) in the academic year 1397-98. At this stage, the Social Panic Questionnaire (SPIN) of Connor et al. (2000) was administered to all undergraduate female students of Guilan University who were selected using random sampling method. Acceptance and commitment therapy sessions for social anxiety disorder (Hayes, 2004) were conducted in 10 2-hour group sessions, but the control group remained on the waiting list. Analysis of variance with repeated measures and SPSS software were used to analyze the data. Results: The results showed that acceptance and commitment therapy on the improvement of repression (F=10.80, P=0.003), unpleasant emotional experience (F=12.86, P&lt;0.001), emotional symptoms Processing (F=16.95, P&lt;0.001), avoidance (F=19.65, P&lt;0.001) and emotional control (F= 21.23, P&lt;0.001) of the experimental group subjects It was effective. Conclusion: It can be concluded that acceptance and commitment therapy was effective on emotional processes in girls with social anxiety disorder.

Pre-exposure Prophylaxis With Various Doses of Hydroxychloroquine Among Healthcare Personnel With High-Risk Exposure to COVID-19: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

ObjectiveThis trial aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) with various hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) doses against a placebo among healthcare personnel (HCP) with high-risk exposure to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID 19).MethodsA phase II, randomized, placebo-controlled trial was conducted including 200 subjects with no active or past severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection (antibody testing and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) were taken at the time of enrollment). Subjects of experimental groups one to three received HCQ in various doses and the control group received a placebo. The study outcomes in terms of safety and efficacy were monitored. Participants exhibiting COVID-19 symptoms were tested for SARS-CoV-2 during the study and by the end of week 12 with RT-PCR or serology testing (COVID-19 IgM/IgG antibody testing).ResultsOut of the total participants, 146 reported exposure to a confirmed COVID-19 case in the first month, and 192 were exposed by week 12 of the study. Moreover, the precautionary use of personal protective equipment (PPE) significantly varied; initially more than 80% of the exposed HCPs were not ensuring PPE being used by the patients treated by them, which gradually developed over time. Mild treatment-related side effects were observed among the interventional and placebo arm patients. There was no significant clinical benefit of PrEP with HCQ as compared to placebo (p>0.05).ConclusionIt is concluded that the PrEP HCQ does not significantly prevent COVID-19 among high-risk HCPs.

Stretching Exercises Effectiveness in Reducing Back Pain Among Antenatal Mothers in Selected Rural Areas of Panipat Haryana

Background of the study: Among antenatal women, back pain could be present in the form of pelvic gridle pain between the gluteal fold and the posterior iliac crest or as a lumbar pain over and around the lumbar spine. Nursing management aims to minimize the discomfort and the antenatal mother’s quality of life. Aim of the study: to assess the effectiveness of stretching exercises in reducing low back pain among antenatal mothers. Methodology: The research design for the study was Quasi - Experimental Research Design test sampling technique adopted in the study was purposive sampling technique. The total sample consists 60 antenatal mothers in 30 experimental groups and in 30 control group. The study was conducted in selected four villages Babarpur, Baroli, Dadlana and Ganjbad in District Panipat Haryana. Data collection tool was numerical rating pain scale and modified Oswestry low back pain questionnaire to assess the back pain. Stretching exercises was given for two weeks on every alternative day. Data analysis was done with the help by the mean of descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: The post-test pain and its standard deviation score among subjects in experimental group was 4.67 + 1.626 and in control group the post-test pain score and its standard deviation score was 8.60 + 2.415. The mean difference was -3.93. The independent „t‟ test value was -7.399 for the degree of freedom 58. This was statistically significant at the ‘P’ value &lt; 0.05. Conclusion: The stretching exercise was effective in reducing the back pain. (Personal care, walking, sitting, standing, sleeping, social life, employment, lifting)

Effect of a serious game on aviation vocabulary acquisition

Having proficiency in the standard aviation phraseology specified by International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) is of great importance for prospective pilots in communication with air traffic controllers and other pilots. The ambiguity in the standard phraseology could be a disaster for the flight crews. That’s why; serious thought has been given at the policy of improving the precise communication in aviation. However, it remains unclear whether the serious game-based flight simulations can enhance the vocabulary intake of the learners who invest the majority of their time in studying the standard aviation phraseology. There is also a dearth of research pertaining to the association between serious gaming and aviation phraseology. The advancement of the technology has exponentially expanded the digital games and therefore began to be widely used in education. The current study thus sets out to investigate the effect of a serious simulation game X-Plane 11 offering invaluable learning experience on aviation vocabulary acquisition. This investigation takes the form of a quasi-experimental mixed-method research by retrieving convenience sampling (15 subjects in experimental group, 15 subjects in control group). The findings indicated that there had been strong evidence of the positive effects of serious gaming on the learners’ outcome. Following the integration of the serious game, a significant increase with the medium effect size in the experimental group was recorded. This finding was also echoed by the majority of the interviewees who unanimously emphasized that the game was beneficial and motivating for language learning despite the minority challenges triggered by the level of language, hardware, and software types.

A Quasi – Experimental Study to Assess the Effectiveness of Structured Teaching Programme Regarding Knowledge of Personal Protective Equipment (Ppe) use in Among Nursing Students at Selected Nursing Institute Faridabad (Haryana)

Health worker are constantly exposed to infectious pathogens while they provide care to the patients. There are plenty of infection, for health workers to get affected by infection, so infection control measures are most necessary for health workers. By practicing infection control techniques, the health workers can avoid spreading microorganism. This can be possible when there is up gradation of knowledge and attitude of health workers regarding PPE. In this study the researcher Aimed: to assess the effectiveness of Structured teaching programmed on use of PPE among nursing students. Research design: adopted for this study was quasi experimental design, samples for this study was selected through convenient sampling technique. Total sample size for study was 100. Pre- test was done for the subjects in both group experimental and control group and experimental group received structured teaching programme regarding PPE use. Control group subjects did not receive any special intervention. On the seventh day took post- test among subjects in both groups to assess the structured teaching programme regarding use of PPE. Data collection were analyzed with the help of descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: Mean post test score in experimental and control group was 25.72and 13.71 respectively. The mean difference score was 12.01. The standard deviation score in experimental group was 2.170 and in control group 9.131. The ‘t’ Value was 59.524 which was statistically significant at ‘P’ value 0.000. Conclusion: This study imposes importance of suitable health teaching intervention through proper structure to the nursing students, for use of PPE.

Short Term Effects of Rhythmic Auditory Stimulation with Body Weight Supported Treadmill Training on Gait and Balance in Individuals with Incomplete Spinal Cord Injury

Background: Rhythmic auditory stimulation and body weight supported treadmill training both are standardized gait rehabilitation techniques. However there is limited literature evaluating the effect of rhythmic auditory stimulation and its combination with gait training in spinal cord injury. Aim of this study is to determine the short term effectiveness of rhythmic auditory stimulation with body weight supported treadmill training on gait and balance in individuals with incomplete Spinal Cord Injury. Method: A randomized control study design. 8 subjects with incomplete spinal cord injury who met the inclusion criteria were randomly allocated into two groups: Experimental and Control. Subjects in experimental group were given body weight supported treadmill training with rhythmic auditory stimulation. Subjects in Control Group were given Body weight supported treadmill training alone. Both the groups received conventional rehabilitation as well. Both groups received training for 30 minutes, five times a week for two weeks (10 sessions). Outcome Measures: Gait parameters i.e. cadence, velocity, step length were measured using the Biodex Gait Trainer 2TM, level of walking performance measured using Walking Index for Spinal Cord Injury II, and balance was evaluated using Prokin 252NTM , Berg Balance Scale, and Activity specific Balance Confidence scale. Results: No significant improvement was found on gait parameters i.e. cadence, velocity, step length which were measured using the Gait Trainer, level of walking performance measured using WISCI II, and balance which was evaluated using Prokin 252NTM , Berg Balance Scale, and Activity specific Balance Confidence scale. Conclusion: Rhythmic auditory stimulation didn’t have any positive effect on gait training in incomplete spinal cord injured patients. Further studies are warranted to explore the entrainment effects of rhythmic auditory stimulation in spinal cord injured individuals on gait rehabilitation. Keywords: Rhythmic Auditory Stimulation (RAS), Body Weight Supported Treadmill Training (BWSTT), Metronome, Incomplete spinal cord injury, Biodex Gait Trainer 2.0, Prokin 252N

Brain Entropy Study on Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Using Resting-State fMRI.

Object: Brain entropy is a potential index in the diagnosis of mental diseases, but there are some differences in different brain entropy calculation, which may bring confusion and difficulties to the application of brain entropy. Based on the resting-state function magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) we analyzed the differences of the three main brain entropy in the statistical significance, including approximate entropy (ApEn), sample entropy (SampEn) and fuzzy entropy (FuzzyEn), and studied the physiological reasons behind the difference through comparing their performance on obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and the healthy control (HC).Method: We set patients with OCD as the experimental group and healthy subjects as the control group. The brain entropy of the OCD group and the HC are calculated, respectively, by voxel and AAL region. And then we analyzed the statistical differences of the three brain entropies between the patients and the control group. To compare the sensitivity and robustness of these three kinds of entropy, we also studied their performance by using certain signal mixed with noise.Result: Compare with the control group, almost the whole brain's ApEn and FuzzyEn of OCD are larger significantly. Besides, there are more brain regions with obvious differences when using ApEn comparing to using FuzzyEn. There was no statistical difference between the SampEn of OCD and HC.Conclusion: Brain entropy is a numerical index related to brain function and can be used as a supplementary biological index to evaluate brain state, which may be used as a reference for the diagnosis of mental illness. According to an analysis of certain signal mixed with noise, we conclude that FuzzyEn is more accurate considering sensitivity, stability and robustness of entropy.

Effect of self-assessment in a removable prosthodontics preclinical course on skills and competence.

Self-assessment is increasingly implemented in medical professions' curricula. In this research, the authors measure the effects of self-assessment within a preclinical removable prosthodontics course among dental students in a private dental school according to the European qualifications framework descriptors. Thirty subjects, all fourth-year dental students, were included in this experiment. Fifteen subjects were included in each of the experimental and control groups during one semester. The experimental group subjects used the study roadmap tool in their preclinical tasks. The control group subjects executed the same preclinical tasks under instructor supervision only. All subjects were filmed, and an autonomy score was given to every subject per session. At the end of the semester, cognitive skills development was compared using the Kember etal. questionnaire while practical skills development was compared using a comparison of grades. Two focus groups were undertaken with experimental group subjects. Qualitative and quantitative data were collected and statistically analyzed (p<0.005). Subjects from the experimental group showed development in critical thinking, practical skills, autonomy, and taking responsibility, thus development in the competence level. Implementation of self-assessment within preclinical courses may develop skills and competence among dental students, yet more studies are needed.