Existence Of Subject Research Articles

Psychological content of the concept of subjective personal well-being

Introduction. The problem of subjective well-being of the individual is taking on added importance at the time of increasing tension of globalization, crises and armed conflicts. Aim. To determine the psychological meaning of the concept of “subjective well-being of a personality”. Methods. Theoretical research methods are applied: analysis, systematization, comparison and generalization, interpretation of modern theoretical and empirical research in Ukrainian and foreign psychology. Results. The article carried out a theoretical and methodological analysis of research on the problem of the subjective well-being of a personality, which showed that scientists considered this concept in the context of hedonistic, eudemonistic approaches, basing well-being on the basis of positive, resource-based functioning of the personality. It was found out that as they delved into the content aspects of the personality's well-being through the different contexts of the subject's existence and activity, researchers began to single out various constructs in the characteristics of well-being, which were described in detail within the concepts of quality of life, axiological and subject-activity approaches. Conclusions. Subjective well-being is a multifaceted integrative phenomenon that reflects the individual's satisfaction from their optimal self-realization according to their value systems in various life areas and life in general.

Étude de l’agentivité dans le discours de femmes souffrant de trouble de stress post-traumatique dans les suites de violences conjugales

IntroductionIn the absence of appropriate care, psychotraumatic consequences (revival, hyperarousal, avoidance strategies, dissociation and other clinical forms of post traumatic symptoms) can take control of a large part of the subject's existence (psychological, physical, social) and affect the ability of the victim to regain ground on the intrusions that harass, and to take up new life projects. More objective than the current semiological and psychometric approaches, and in the absence of biomarkers that may be used in clinical practice, psycholinguistics opens up an epistemological renewal of the conception of trauma and its clinical consequences, in particular through the definition of the Psycho Linguistic Traumatic Syndrome (SPLIT). If such conceptions have been developed based on the analysis of traumatic accounts of subjects injured in war and attacks, other forms of psychotraumatic confrontations also deserve to be considered. In this paper, our objective was to better characterize the pronominal forms of agency in the traumatic and non-traumatic narratives produced by women victims of domestic and/or sexual violence. MethodsNineteen women aged 20 to 60 victims of domestic violence and diagnosed with post-traumatic stress disorder (Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview) as well as a matched control group participated in the study. The subjects completed the French versions of Post Traumatic Checklist (PCL-5), Dissociative Experience Scale (DES) and Hospital and Anxiety Depression Scale (HAD). Traumatic and non-traumatic narratives were linguistically coded and scored on the SPLIT-10 scale. ResultsTraumatic narratives contained significantly more first person singular pronouns than the non-traumatic narratives of controls or the non-traumatic narratives of psychically injured people. Traumatic narratives contained significantly more of the direct object pronoun “me” as well as indirect object pronouns. In traumatic narratives, the frequency of use of the subject pronoun “I” tended to correlate negatively with the HAD-A, HAD-D and SPLIT-10, while the frequency of use of the direct object pronoun “me” tended to correlate positively with DES, HAD-A, HAD-D as well as SPLIT-10. Finally, traumatic narratives contained significantly more verbs in the passive voice than non-traumatic narratives. DiscussionThere was a gradient in the use of the first person singular pronoun that was inversely correlated to the degree of traumatic valence of the narratives: the control group used “I” less often than the psychically injured people who appeared to use this pronoun all the more as their narratives had a traumatic valence. In other words, even in the so-called “non-traumatic” narratives produced by subjects suffering from post-traumatic stress disorder, the trauma seemed to be inscribed in the discourse, testimony to dissociation, as the seen in the correlation of this pronominal expression dimension of “I” with the SPLIT-10 scale. The use of the direct object complement was correlated with greater psycho-traumatic morbidity (dissociative, depressive and anxious) than the use of the “I”, the latter remaining however a pathological mark instead of the use of the pronouns “we” or “one”. Saying “I” translated less symptomatology than saying “me”, but it was when the subject said “we” or “one” that he appeared to have returned to a normal discourse, no longer suffering from the torments of reliving or pathological dissociation. The identification of linguistic markers deserves to be pursued in order to better objectively describe post-traumatic psychiatric disorders, to better identify them in clinical practice in the field and to monitor the efficiency of the recommended psychotherapies. More generally, we may put forward the hypothesis that the direct modification of the patient's language, thanks to the intervention of the practitioner, from a speech composed of linguistic markers testifying to the trauma towards a normalized speech could help to treat post-traumatic symptoms.

Vinculación social en época de protestas: algunos apuntes sociológicos – epistemológicos

The origin of questions and answers about social initiation do not always come from the same source: that is, social science. The purposes of this reflection consist in the selection of initial questions for social thought and the possible forms of their answers. An examination of four epistemological currents of sociology is carried out in the perspective of determining: object, scope of research, method and type of resulting data. It is proposed as a problem the need to determine the attitude to be assumed in front of the existence of being.  If theory assumes the answer to this problem, it implies the systematization of knowledge about existence and admits the possibility of considering it as a system or, at least, in a systematic way. We consider, on the contrary, that not the entire framework of the subject's existence is limited to society, that the existential place is broad and resists positive theorization in general. a) For certain dimensions of the real, we formulate the option of dispensing with the systemic as an ontological condition. However, for others, we choose to sustain it. b) When in societal phenomena, one event has the same probability of appearing as another, the result is disorganization.

PHENOMENOLOGICAL-EPISTEMOLOGICAL DIMENSION OF SUBJECTIVATION

Recent research has made it possible to trace the nature of the formation of subjectivation. The term, which came from the philosophy of M. Foucault, was considered in the context of historical nature of the subject, peculiarities of its social design. But recently, understanding of such complex terminology is becoming increasingly possible if we turn to modern research in cognition, biology, epistemology. The starting point for this is the activity approach. It opens the way to understanding formation of features and characteristics of the subject. Activity context of the subject's existence makes it possible to understand the nature and conditions of the process of subjectivation, ie its formation. Modern philosophy is characterized by interdisciplinarity, so we were interested in the work of representatives of phenomenology of body movement and research on the influence of music, creating meaning of music based on ideas of modern epistemology, based on research in psychology, biology, semiotics. Of particular interest are the works that examine body movement and musical sound in the context of the search for biological roots of gesture and sound, which is evidence of a naturalized turn in modern epistemology. This article was inspired by G. Kovtun's modern production of A. Khachaturian's ballet "Spartacus" (which premiered recently at the Kharkiv National Opera and Ballet Theater), because it is in it that one can clearly feel phenomenology as a method, note the infinity of the cognitive role of art and to think about epistemological basis of the relationship between the world around us and our bodily capabilities in the form of a gesture, a sound under the conditions of reproduction of certain meanings by them. Phenomenological-epistemological dimension reveals new horizons of human evolution, because cognition seems to unfold in new contexts, and the performance expands the heuristic spectrum of our environment. One begins to think about the importance of bodily rationality under the effective force of musical sound and bodily gesture. Based on phenomenological method, by which perceptions are recognized as a special heuristic system, and the conclusions of modern epistemology, which indicate the need to take into account the peculiarities of the body, on the one hand, in complex interaction with the environment, on the other, can focus on design. Possibilities of the subject's life and trace the process of subjectivation from its ontological to epistemological characteristics. This perspective of understanding the complex process of subjectivation (namely, phenomenological and epistemological dimensions) also allows us to emphasize the differences between those who know and those who observe (as opposed to the study of things and events from only one position). This becomes the basis for understanding the methodological nature of such modern terms as second-order observer and external observer, which allows us to regard subjectivation as a tool or special methodological option in the study of modern scientific thought.

SEMIOTICS OF GESTURE: PERFORMATIVE CONCEPTUALISM

Problem setting. This article poses the problem of understanding and applying performance as a conceptual model of the functioning of an individual in a modern multi-layered reality. The study presents an analysis of popular actionist practices and the further development of the pure action ontology. The performance serves as an approbation of the dynamism technique and the principle of action in social, digital and artistic actions.
 Recent research and publications analysis. The assertion of the principle of dynamism and activity in the modern cultural space explains the popularity of performative topics in a parallel scientific and philosophical discourse. At the same time, the bulk of works on performance relates to the field of theory and methodology of art. These are the works of such authors: G. Elshevskaya, E. Krylova, E. Andreeva, J. Kostincova, D. Filippova, Andrey and Yaroslava Artemenko, H. Petrovsky, S. Levitt, H. Downey and J. Sherry, A. Eckersley and C. Duff.
 G Reingold, M. Cuellar-Moreno and J. Antonio Cubas-Delgado, A. Loskutov, O. Novoselova and E. Kurbanova and others have studied dynamic models of bodily expressiveness in social practices, including in the information space of culture and communication. In turn, the American philosophers J. Butler, J Dean and G. Standing develop the concept of performance in relation to political actionism. They view the gatherings of social rights agents as a performative practice of their relationship to power.
 Paper objective. The aim of the study is to review and theoretically analyze modern creative practices of the subject's bodily expression in the field of art, politics, law and digital communication, as well as to further substantiate the methodological role of the performative concept in modern culture.
 Paper main body. Today's popular installations, happenings, flash mobs and challenge explicates the very essence of modern human existence in the world. Art zones and other creative social spaces (workshops) use direct body language in their functioning and, at the same time, are highly attractive and effective in today's youth environment. Silent actions demonstrate the limited possibilities for a person to manifest themselves, despite the large number of rights, freedoms and technical means to improve life. Defective self-presentation expresses the one-sided and limited nature of the subject's existence in the social, legal, political and cultural space today.
 The natural change of technological structures, cultural eras and political models in the world irreversibly modifies a person, his environment and the possibilities of self-realization in it. The creative space of action allows to express the conceptual ontological principle of modernity – the break between the physical and the semantic, the act and the commentary, the action and the word, the body and corporeality. In a stratified reality, a person cannot maintain integrity. His verbal-symbolic being is separated from the physical (body); they express themselves and communicate autonomously and independently. Desocialization and the dominance of virtuality led to the dismemberment and impoverishment of many human functions, in particular the localization of his speech and actions. Therefore, performance is becoming an irreplaceable alternative way of self-realization of the silent body. While language remains a way of being a person as an agent of the information environment.
 Conclusions of the research. Thus, the study refers to the art experience of bodily subjects as a manifestation of their anthropological authenticity, social significance, legal usefulness, epistemological activity and political will.

POLITICAL-PHILOSOPHICAL CONCEPT OF SECURITY: AN INTRODUCTION TO THE PROBLEM

The use of the phenomenon of “national security” in various fields of knowledge testifies to its general scientific practical significance, raises the problem of its elaboration at the theoretical level, first of all, the search for its nature and general meaning (internal content), as a result, a conceptual methodological basis. This work did not provide for an exhaustive consideration of the problem, only its statement. For this purpose, philosophical knowledge was used to comprehend the essence of the “security” phenomenon. It has been established that "security" is a fundamental, constitutive feature that determines the essence of the "security" phenomenon. But not security in general, but one or more subjects of activity and communication. The content and meaning of the subject's existence is the satisfaction of his needs, the realization of his interests. From this point of view, security is associated with areas of public life with the versatile interests and needs of the subjects, and response actions to protect them, to realize their interests and satisfy their needs. This idea is consonant with that used in the basic document of strategic planning - the National Security Strategy of the Russian Federation, the conceptual scheme: “national interests” - “threats to national security” - “ensuring national security”, where “national interests” is the basic concept of national security, the meaning of which is in fact, it consists in ensuring the protection of the individual, society and the state. Another question: what should one “rely on” when comprehending the essence of this phenomenon? How did the individual, society and state arise? What was the fundamental prerequisite in this process? This forced us to turn to the ideological foundations and explore the process of this theoretical development.

Infantile sexuality and Freud's legacy

Translations of summaryThe topic of sexuality and infantile sexuality, though less frequently discussed by psychoanalysis in recent decades, has received renewed attention for some years. The intention of this paper is to share some reflections around the role of infantile sexuality in our thinking, how we encounter it in our work with patients and in clinical material. Through reference to questions put forward by Freud (1905) in Three Essays, this paper takes into consideration some areas of the debate that has developed on the subject of infantile sexuality, starting from Freud's original intuition, including various hypotheses on the genesis of the sexual drive. The author will concentrate on two specific points. Firstly, how infantile sexuality – as a permanent dimension of the subject's existence – unfolds in the relationship and is deeply influenced by it. And that is how in childhood and adolescence, infantile sexuality ushers in parental sexuality – just as, in the case of our patients, infantile sexuality ushers in the analyst's sexuality. The second point pertains to the temporal dimension within which infantile sexuality is inscribed. The hypothesis that the author proposes is that infantile sexuality may be understood in the specific time of psychoanalysis [Nachträglichkeit], distinct and different with respect to the linear, evolutionary dimension.

La manie et la mélancolie comme crises de l’identité narrative et de l’intentionnalité

ObjectivesOur objective is to conduct a phenomenological study crossing melancholic state and manic crisis. We analyse the relationship between these two psychopathological states and the concepts of “narrative identity” and “intentionality”. MethodFrom clinical cases, and with reference to various theoretical models derived from phenomenological psychopathology, we discuss similarities and differences between mania and melancholia. ResultsNarrative identity entails a dual process: the enunciation of discourse focused on the subject's personal history alongside an act of creation. Using different clinical situations, we find that: (1) the melancholic subject retains the ability to elaborate a narrative about his history, but the creative dimension of this narrative is absent, and (2) conversely, the manic subject experiences only the creative dimension, and not the existential dimension. DiscussionIntentionality, that is to say the tendency of consciousness to move towards something beyond itself, appears as the centre of the manic subject's existence, without the subject being able to confine himself to the boundaries of factual constraints. The melancholic subject, conversely, experiences an existence in which consciousness has lost its ability to reach out beyond itself. ConclusionsMelancholia and mania are quite specific forms of being-in-world, with particular identity-related and temporal experiences. These two states share a fundamental psychopathological feature, which we refer to as the “manque chiasmatique”: they are disorders of the intentionality that drives narrative identity, that is to say the dialectic between the rootedness (“enracinement”) of the self in its past and the possibility of creating a new identity.

Günter Grass’s <em>Blechtrommel</em> and Patrick White’s <em>Solid Mandala</em>

ACCORDING TO PEOPLE WHO HAVE THOUGHT THEMSELVES IN ARTICULO MORTIS BUT who even so survived that brush with death, graphic epitomes of their lives passed rapidly before their eyes, compacting years and years of experience into pregnant seconds. It would seem from this that the perceived approach of an end facilitates the perception of pattern. Within a maze one experiences a chaos of culdesacs and claustrophobic barriers; viewed from without (and above), its geometric topiary seems both orderly and benign. When, therefore, a priest in Iris Murdoch's Unofficial Rose tells us that we must not expect our lives to a shape. They are invisibly shaped by God. Goodness accepts the contingent. Love accepts the contingent. Nothing is more fatal to love than to want everything to (111), his sentiment does violence to our unquenchable rage for order. Patrick White, for one, documented his own thirst for, and belief in, visible shape when he sent his brief credo to Ingmar Bjorksten in 1973:I also a belief in a supernatural power of which I had been given inklings from time to time; there been incidents and coincidences which shown me that there is a design behind the haphazardness. I suppose there is one line of thought which would say I see it because I want to, but from my teens till middle age I didn't want to: it was only when it was forced on me that I had to accept. (Bjorksten 24-5)Not only does the framework of institutional religion repeatedly affirm the existence of such a design, but clearly such extra-institutional mystics as Patrick White also expended energy in seeking a form that contingencies veil, even if that perception comes unsought and to some extent unearned (there is something crypto-Calvinist about the passive have been given), and even if the perception remains partial rather than perfect (inklings), and the object syntactically denied (to accept).In World, Henry Vaughan claimed to seen Eternity Like a great Ring of and endless (Gardner 271), his point of vantage outside its cycle permitting a perception of form-something akin to the rings of Saturn-just as Archimedes needed an extra-planetary fulcrum for his theoretical leverage of earth. Seen from within, pure and endless would amounted to an unformed, chilly snow-blindness like Shelley's white radiance (498), a whiteness that makes many yearn instead for Keatsian many-coloured glass. Seen from without, however, Vaughan's endless light assumes the (self-enclosed) end of magisterial form, just as the perceived onset of death affords a view from without and above-perhaps even a Pisgah-panorama-permitting the summation of a subject's existence. But pattern can also be accessed by the next best thing to death, viz, a loss of selfhood in the experience of deity. Just such a graphic epitome, a life made meaningful in summary tableaux, occurs toward the end of The Solid Mandala where, like Vaughan in Eternity, Arthur has discovered an immanent pattern. Because this is made occurs from a point outside its compass, from the contemplative center of his mandalas, he edits his overview into their quadrate form, each quadrant a conspectus of the key moments by which the key figures in his life-himself, Dulcie, Mrs Poulter and Waldo-have had their own lives defined.The execution of the insight poses problems, however, and White has largely glossed over the mechanism by which this conspectual life-pageant (the kind more often associated with the onset of death) comes into being. Arthur announces his project in choreographic terms-I'm going to dance for you, Mrs Poulter, he said. Em going to dance a mandala.He knew she was preparing to laugh, but wouldn't, because she had grown fond of him. (White 265)-but never, in the course of the description, do we witness a single step. At one point White specifies the mode of execution (violent movement a Le Saae du printemps to fertilize Waldo's sterile life): He had begun to stamp, brittly rigid, in his withering. …

Le pouvoir du verbe

Le pouvoir du verbe (S. Delesalle & Cl. Désirat) This article concerns a crucial point of grammatical theory, Le. the analysis of predicates, showing that the descriptive principles used by the grammarians who are contemporaries of Ideology should be classified less in their support for or their opposition to certain doctrines than in respect of the various fields of human sciences related to linguistic research. Destutt de Tracy continuing philosophical grarnmar, tends toward a kind of functionalism that combines all grammatical and semantic categories -noun, verb, adjective -as so many modalities of the subject's existence. In his research on Semitic languages and civilizations, as well as in his desire for unifying the different kinds of writing, Volney takes up the analyses in Arabic grammar where the verb dominates the nominal categories. The work that originated from these two positions contains severa! aspects that are related to Port-Royal and Humboldt and lead to divergent propositions not only in grammar (particularly on word-order), but also on the origin and function of language.