Subjective Work Research Articles

노인들의 구강건강관련행태가 삶의 질에 미치는 영향

The purpose of this study is to find the impact of the quality of oral health life of elders to determine the plan for promotion of health. the survey was conducted targeting 365 elders who are resident of Dae-Gu from 1st of May every month. The structural elements of the quality of oral health were the physical function, social features and psychological function. Physical functions and psychological functions that are smoking, drinking, subjective oral health and oral health concern had positive influence and social features which are gender, smoking, drinking, the interest and subjective oral health, work ability and regualar dental check up had positive impact Oral health-related quality of life of the elderly and to promote more efforts to improve oral health behavior is more important than what can be for their own oral health behavior actions required to achieve the desired results expected for the belief to encourage a systematic elderly oral health education program development and is considered to require constant attention.

The relationship between work ability and oxidative stress in Japanese workers

Work ability is based on the balance between personal resources and work demand. This study focused on the personal resources component of work ability. The aims of this study were to elucidate the association between work ability and cardiovascular (CV) risk factors, particularly oxidative stress, and to estimate the effect of a community-implemented lifestyle modification programme on work ability and CV risk factors. Urinary 8-iso-prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α), a biomarker of oxidative stress, was negatively correlated with psychological resources, as measured by the Work Ability Index (WAI). Overall WAI score was unchanged following the programme, while CV risk factors and antioxidative activity improved. A reduction in PGF2α levels was correlated with an improvement in subjective work ability relative to job demands, as assessed by a WAI item. Taken together, the results suggest that lifestyle modification programmes enhance the personal resources component of work ability and are associated with a reduction in oxidative stress.

IMPLEMENTASI ADIWIYATA DALAM UPAYA MEWUJUDKAN PENDIDIKAN LINGKUNGAN HIDUP DI SD NAHDLATUL ULAMA JALAN PUKAT NO. 1 KOTA MEDAN

Abstract This research used a descriptive qualitative approach. The aims are to describe the implementation Adiwiyata, describe a supporting factor, describes inhibiting factors, and provide a description in overcoming obstacles adiwiyata program at NU SD trawl Road No. 1 Medan. The results showed that the policy environment in the school is going well and integrated into each subject's work utilization of waste paper, palastic and aqua bottles to decorate the atmosphere of the school environment. Besides the establishment of cooperation from local government agencies through the socialization of key activities with the approach of the students and educators in order to gain a good knowledge of the environment, so as to create an atmosphere and environmentally friendly school environment cultured. This proved to won your school's national champion. Some of the barriers are still found among others the limited landfill infrastructure, security officers and public participation around the related concepts of environmentally schools, funding issues, and the support of the community and other agencies are still low. Schools have taken steps to overcome obstacles in the form of strategies to be intensified cooperation with various parties, governments and local communities. Keywords: adiwiyata, environment

Chronic Musculoskeletal Disorders as Risk Factors for Reduced Work Ability in Younger and Ageing Workers

Aims. The aim of the study was to assess the occurrence and intensity of musculoskeletal pain as a risk factor for reduced work ability. Methods. In total, 1449 workers participated in the study, 64% were younger workers (<45 years old, M 31.4); 36% were ageing workers (>45 years old, M 50.3), Their health condition was established on the basis of (a) subjective feeling of health on a 5-point scale, (b) pain in 6 parts of the body in the past year; and (c) intensity of pain on a 100-mm visual analogue scale (VAS). Work ability was assessed with the subjective work ability index (WAI). Results. The results of the study showed that although in the both groups, i.e., younger and ageing workers, the occurrence and intensity of pain in the hands/wrists, neck and lower back were a significant factor which decreased WAI, in ageing workers only the occurrence of pain in the lower back generated higher risk factors for reduced work ability (WAI < 37). Conclusions. Improving physical and psychosocial working conditions to reduce musculoskeletal complaints, and identifying individuals with such complaints are important in increasing workers’ work ability and thus extending their occupational activity.

The effect of self‐efficacy, depression and symptom distress on employment status and leisure activities of liver transplant recipients

To examine the effect of self-efficacy, subjective work ability, depression and symptom distress on and to provide a description of, the employment and leisure activities of liver transplant recipients. Return to work and leisure activities have become an important aspect of life for liver transplant recipients worldwide. An investigation of the factors that influence the employment status and leisure activities has been recommended as a means to help transplant recipients restore their productivity. This was a cross-sectional, descriptive and correlational study in 2010. A convenience sampling method was used. Data were collected using a set of questionnaires that were administered retrospectively. A total of 106 liver transplant patients were included in this study. The post-transplantation employment rate was 45.2%. The positive predictors of employment were higher subjective work ability and higher symptom distress. Gender (female), monthly family income (<US $2,000), depression and unemployment pre-transplantation were negatively associated with employment status. Of the 106 patients, 62 (58.5%) were in the low-diversity group (score of less than 3) of leisure activities. Monthly family income of <US $2,000 was associated with a low diversity of participation in leisure activities. Subjective work ability and symptom distress were positive predictors of employment, while depression was a negative predictor. Nurses in the transplant team should focus on increasing a sense of confidence, decreasing depressive symptoms and monitoring the severity of symptoms to improve the employment status of liver transplant recipients.

Conceptualizing documentary performance

ABSTRACTIn discussions of non-fiction film-making, the issue of performance has often been given short shrift. This article begins to fill this gap by outlining a framework for understanding and discussing the documentary actor's work. I contend that a three-tiered model, which takes into account everyday performative activity (tier #1), the impact of the camera (tier #2) and the influence of specific documentary film frameworks (tier #3), is necessary to describe the non-fiction subject's work effectively. This kind of multifaceted conception also suggests the necessity of a complex, interdisciplinary method of analysis. If one is to consider adequately the nature and implications of documentary ‘acting’, one must draw from and combine the insights of fields that investigate each of the performative levels that non-fiction subjects negotiate. By amalgamating the relevant work of sociologists and social psychologists, film acting scholars and documentary theorists, I enumerate many of the performance strategies and techniques available to non-fiction subjects and demonstrate a means of analysing these choices. Throughout, evidence from The Up Series (Apted, 1964–2005) is used to suggest the utility of such an approach.

Predictors of short-term work-related disability among active duty US Navy personnel: a cohort study in patients with acute and subacute low back pain

Musculoskeletal disorders of the spine in the US military account for the single largest proportion of the absence of sickness causes leading to early termination. We explored if selected psychological and physical factors were associated with poor outcome after episodes of low back pain (LBP). To identify clinical, demographic, and psychological factors predictive of work duty status after a complaint of LBP. A prospective clinical cohort of US Navy personnel treated for LBP. Eligible cases were active duty US Navy or Marine Corps personnel presenting to an emergency clinic or primary care clinic with a complaint of LBP, where the index episode of LBP was no more than 12 weeks duration before enrollment. The subject's work status (full duty, light duty, sick in quarters [SIQ], limited duty, or medically released to full duty) was abstracted from the subject's electronic medical record at approximately 4 weeks and then again 12 weeks after study enrollment. Work status in this study population is assigned by a Navy health-care provider at the time of a clinical visit and based on the health-care provider's determination of medical fitness for duty. This study collapsed work status into two groups, "full duty" (consisting of "full duty" and "medically released to full duty") and "not at full duty" (consisting of "light duty," "SIQ," and "limited duty"). Volunteers completed a baseline questionnaire consisting of recommended well-validated measures, including attitudes and beliefs about LBP and work (Fear-Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire [FABQ] and the Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia), distress (the Pain Catastrophizing Scale), clinical depression (The Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale), a numeric pain intensity scale, self-perceived disability (Oswestry Disability Index), and general health status (12-Item Short Form Health Survey). Navy health-care providers conducted a back pain-specific medical evaluation. Associations are expressed as multivariate-adjusted prevalence ratios (PRs) estimated using Poisson regression. Two hundred fifty-three participants were enrolled. Work status outcome was collected for 239 participants. Predictors of "not at full duty" at 4 weeks after enrollment included having back pain for 4 weeks or less before study enrollment (PR, 2.69; 95% CI, 1.21-5.97) and increased FABQ Work subscale score (PR, 1.05; 95% CI, 1.01-1.08). The sole predictor of work status at 12 weeks after enrollment was increased FABQ Physical Activity (FABQ Physical) subscale score (PR=1.14; 95% CI, 1.00-1.30). The findings that fear-avoidance beliefs were predictive of subsequent work status among active duty service personnel in this study population (after adjusting for clinical, demographic, and psychological covariates) suggest the clinical utility of addressing these factors during treatment of back pain episodes in the military. These findings reflect the important role that psychological factors may play in the return to work process in an active duty military population.

Test - Retest Reliability Of EMG FT During Cycle Ergometry

The electromyographic fatigue threshold (EMGFT) can be defined as the power output that can be maintained for an extended period of time without electromyographic (EMG) evidence of fatigue. PURPOSE: To determine the reliability of the EMGFT test over three trials in college-aged women. METHODS: Eleven healthy women (mean±SD; age: 22.2±4.1 years; height: 167.8±8.4 cm; weight: 63.7±11.1 kg) performed a discontinuous cycle-ergometer test to determine her EMGFT using bipolar surface electrodes placed on the vastus lateralis of the right thigh midway between the greater trochanter and the lateral condyle of the femur. Four 120-s work bouts (ranging from 75 to 225 W) were completed at a cadence of 70 rpm. EMG amplitude values were averaged over 5-s intervals for each work bout. Simple linear regression was used to determine relationships (slopes) for the EMG amplitude versus time relationships during each subject's work bout. Resulting slopes from each successive work bout were plotted over the corresponding power output, and the Y-intercept of this relationship was the subjects predicted EMGFT. This EMGFT test was performed three times; each separated by four weeks. A one-way repeated measures analysis of variance was used to determine the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and standard error of the measurement (SEM). RESULTS: There was no systematic variability over the three trials (p=0.268). The ICC observed in the current study was 0.71 and the SEM was 22.3 W. CONCLUSIONS: The ICC of 0.71 is higher than previously reported in men (0.65) by Pavlat et al. (1993). The SEM of 22.3 W is 18.8% of the grand mean EMGFT across all trials. These findings suggested that the EMGFT test was relatively reliable for college-aged women over a 2 month period.Table 1-EMG: FT mean and standard error of the measurement for each trial (in watts)

Respective contributions of the subject and the wheelchair to the total kinetic energy of manual wheelchair locomotion

The subject's mechanical work during wheelchair propulsion is usually computed either from the work of the resultant braking force (van der Woude et al. 1986) or from the variations of the wheelcha...

Return to Work After Heart Transplantation: Discrepancy With Subjective Work Ability

This study evaluates the objective rate of return to work after heart transplantation (HTX) in comparison with the patients' subjective rating of their work ability and identifies predictors for return to work in a German heart transplant center. A questionnaire covering demographics, clinical data, and professional aspects was sent to 200 heart transplant recipients at least 12 months after HTX. Participation was strictly anonymous enabling reliable results concerning subjective work ability. Response rate was 150 of 200 (75%). During the time after HTX, 45 of 150 (30.0%) patients had ever been in a job. Thirty-five of 95 (36.8%) patients of formal working age (<65 years) were employed after 12.6+/-1.9 months: 18 of 95 (18.9%) in full-time work, 9 of 95 (9.5%) in part-time work, and 6 of 95 (6.3%) in casual employment. Two of 95 (2.1%) patients worked as handicapped employees; only 1 of 95 (1.1%) patients was currently seeking work. Patients obtained financial benefits from their illness (n=54; 36%) or age-related annuity (n=8; 5.3%). Forty-two of 95 (44.2%) patients did not feel capable of working, three patients did not answer, and 50 of 95 patients (52.6%) felt fit for employment. Employment after HTX depended on age, duration of unemployment, diabetes mellitus, and financial need for paid employment. Financially independent patients (n=66) more often felt unable to work by subjective judgement (n=34/67; 50.7%) than patients who depended on paid employment (8/28; 28.6%; P<0.05). The rate of employment after HTX in Germany is significantly lower than the subjective perception of the individual ability to work; underscoring the importance of sociodemographic and psychologic aspects during rehabilitation of HTX recipients.

Age Changes in Subjective Work Ability

This article explores the influence of psychosocial work environment on age-related subjective changes in work ability and discusses differences between work ability and job performance. The results show age and physical health to be strong predictors of subjective decline in work ability. The age effect is independent of age-associated declining health. It is not clear what it is about age that produces the subjective decline in work ability. While primary age changes may produce decline, stereotypes and self-stereotypes about ageing may also be important. Among psychosocial factors, options for learning and problems at work are robust predictors of subjective changes in work ability. One practical consequence is to ensure learning opportunities for workers, even for workers approaching retirement age. By giving learning opportunities to senior workers, subjective work ability may be maintained, and competence acquired through learning may in a direct way support stability or improvements in job performance.

Drag force mechanical power during an actual propulsion cycle on a manual wheelchair

The object of this study was to compute the mechanical power of the resultant braking force during an actual propulsion cycle with a manual wheelchair on the field. The resultant braking force was calculated from a mechanical model taking into account the rolling resistances of the front and rear wheels. Both the resultant braking force and the wheelchair velocity were not constant during the propulsion cycle and varied according to the subject's fore-and-aft and vertical movements in the wheelchair. These variations had logical repercussions on the braking force mechanical power, which ranged from 20.6 to 34.5 W (mean = 29.6 W) during the propulsion cycle. The mechanical power was also calculated from the conditions of a classical drag test, by the product of the cycle mean velocity and a constant braking force corresponding to a 60% rear wheels distribution of the subject-and-wheelchair's weight. This second mechanical power (32.4 W) was 10% higher than the average of the instantaneous power. Beyond the need of a clear definition of the two phases of the propulsion cycle, this study showed that the assumption on wheelchair locomotion usually admitted on laboratory ergometers cannot be applied in field studies, and that the kinetic energy variations during the cycle propulsive phase should be considered for evaluating the subject's mechanical work and power.

Quality of life, work ability, and self employment: a population survey of entrepreneurs, farmers, and salary earners

Objectives:Self employment is increasing but it is not yet known how its different forms affect health, quality of life, and work ability. We compared the work ability, subjective quality of...

Neuropathography: Origins and Methodology

Neuropathography is a genre of case study which balances the clinical neuroscientific perspective with the descriptive acuity and existential interests of phenomenological psychopathology. Its subjects are persons of exceptional talent whose contributions are widely recognized, and also those whose seemingly ordinary lives include personally profound experiences of discernible cultural significance. In all instances, the chief focus is on the shaping influence of brain dysfunction in the subject's life and work. Six methodological guidelines are outlined, their topics ranging from the subjects, source material, aesthetic standards, and multidisciplinary character of neuropathography to normative standards and concepts of neuropsychological causation.

L’ITT en traumatologie cranio-maxillo-faciale : résultats d’une enquête nationale

Physicians are often asked to draft a descriptive medical certificate for victims of traumatic maxillofacial injuries. Among other requisites, this certificate must mention the subject's total work disability. If the injury results from intentional or unintentional assault and battery, the duration of the work disability will determine the competence of the court that will try and condemn the perpetrator. Thus the total work disability certificate has penal value and should be used only for this purpose. Using the data acquired from a national inquiry in France, we evaluated common practices among a panel of maxillofacial teams concerning the information mentioned on the initial medical certificate and, in particular, the duration of work disability allocated for the most frequent facial fractures. The aim of this study was to establish, based on the observed practices, whether it would be licit to propose a total work disability scale for maxillofacial trauma.

Work Ability in Ageing Workers Suffering From Chronic Diseases

The aim of this study was to investigate the work ability in ageing workers suffering from osteoarthritis (OA),coronary heart disease (CHD) or hypertension (H). One hundred and sixty-six OA and 355 CHD/H outpatientswere evaluated. The Work Ability Index (WAI) served for work ability assessment. Patients ‘ results werecompared with the results of a control group of 225 healthy young workers. Statistical analysis was performedwith ANOVA tests. WAI in female and male CHD/H patients was higher than in OA patients (p < .01), betterwork ability was related to better education (p < .01), white-collar work (p < .01) and better recreation(p < .01); subjective work ability was determined mostly by the objective health status. The promotion of workability among workers suffering from advanced age-related diseases should be closely related to the promotionof health. It is indicative to improve occupational education and skills, already at an early stage of a disease.

Use of a novel robotic system for quantification of upper limb work area following stroke.

The effect of gravity on the expression elbow/shoulder synergy patterns results in discoordination during movements following stroke. This is believed to be related to the shoulder abduction torques generated when lifting the arm against gravity, which results in a concurrent elbow flexion (i.e., the flexion synergy). The Arm Coordination Training 3-D (ACT3D) robotic system is a novel way of recording movement patterns while a subject generates varying amounts of shoulder abduction torque. This system is used to provide preliminary results that show increased shoulder abduction forces reduce a stroke subject's available work area in a way that is consistent with the flexion synergy. Implications and clinical applications are briefly discussed.

Positionality and Praxis: Fieldwork Experiences in Rural India

AbstractThis paper provides a reflexive account of conducting fieldwork as a graduate student in the Sunderban area of West Bengal state, India, in the mid‐1990s. Reflecting on my personal experiences of research in a setting that was simultaneously familiar and foreign, I use frames of positionality to understand the impact of explicit and implied power structures on the research process, the relationships between the researcher and those researched, and the transfer of knowledge. This paper argues that the multiple subject positions and identities of both scholar and subjects as presented in the field vary with setting, and that these positionalities affect access to informants, the tenor and outcomes of encounters, and knowledge production. While self‐reflexivity is endorsed as a strategy for critically informed research, active measures such as openness about the agenda and activities undertaken, self‐disclosure, making conscious accommodations for the research subject's work schedule and time constraints, mutual sharing of information, and explicit recognition of the research subjects' expertise through lived experiences are proposed as strategies for equalising the power balance between scholar and subject.

Factors associated with premature departure from working life among ageing food industry employees.

To find out how health status, work ability and job-related factors were associated with premature departure from working life in an 11 year follow-up period. The study population was composed of 126 ageing food industry employees. Baseline data were derived from medical examinations and self-completed questionnaires in 1989. The follow-up data were collected in 2000. Data analyses were performed by independent samples t-tests and Mann-Whitney and chi(2) tests. Several chronic diseases, higher degree of work impairment due to diseases, long-term sickness absence, stress symptoms, low scores in work ability index, poor subjective work ability and physical work ability, and heavy physical workload seemed to be factors associated with early departure from working life among ageing food industry employees. Identification of these factors, prevention of sickness and promotion of work ability seem to be the most important tools to reduce premature exit from working life.

John Marshall and the Heroic Age of the Supreme Court

Today, almost exactly two hundred years from his ascent to the chief justiceship, John Marshall's star, along with that of the president who appointed him to the Court, is clearly on the rise. Evidence abounds. R. Kent Newmyer's new biography joins such important recent works as Jean Edward Smith's biography (1996), Charels F. Hobson's and Herbert Alan Johnson's accounts of Marshall as chief justice (1996, 1997), and James F. Simon's new study of Marshall and Jefferson (2002). It is not just a matter of quantity either; there is a real air of appreciation of the man and his deeds in most of the new work and a great freedom from the deep ambivalence toward Marshall characteristic of the classic statements of earlier ages, such as those of Oliver Wendell Holmes and Felix Frankfurter. As might have been expected from his previous excellent biography of Joseph Story, Marshall's closest comrade on the Court, Newmyer has added a very fine piece to the Marshall revival. The general thrust of this biography is well captured in his title: John Marshall and the Heroic Age of the Supreme Court. It was heroic in part because Marshall himself, as Newmyer gives him to us, was heroic. An engaging appreciation for his subject pervades the whole book; Newmyer clearly admires Marshall and indeed gives the reader reason to do so too. As a biography it succeeds better than many at not losing its subject in his work and times, but (unlike most psychobiography) it does not fail to recall that the subject's work and its relation to his times provide the reasons for our interest in him. Newmyer keeps Marshall the person and personality always on stage. He brings out uncommonly well what others have noted—Marshall's personal gift for human relations and his naturally democratic cast of soul, which were coupled with a love of order, good common sense, and formidable analytic reasoning power. Newmyer is particularly good in discussing Marshall's pre-Court legal practice and using it to show the qualities of mind and character that gave shape to his Court career. Although Newmyer keeps Marshall the human being front and center, he does not concentrate on his personal life per se. Beyond Marshall the individual, Newmyer sees the Marshall court as heroic because it established two features of the American political order that were either missing or gravely endangered when Marshall came to the Court. Newmyer does not accept the old view that Marshall invented or usurped the power of judicial review, but he does insist that it was not a foregone conclusion that the Court would in fact be able to make its claim to this power stick. He points especially to the Kentucky and Virginia resolutions as loudly raising the claim that that power of constitutional interpretation rightly rested with the states, a view both Marshall and Newmyer know meant anarchy for the American constitutional order. Second, Newmyer, like other recent writers (for example, Hobson and Christopher Wolfe), sees Marshall's great achievement as the separation of law and politics and the establishment of a sphere of political life that operates on legal rather than political principles. He fits this emphasis nicely into an effort to locate Marshall within the now classic liberalism-republican debates about the early republic.